Misplaced Pages

#108891

132-644: Very Emergency received generally favorable reviews from music critics , many of whom praised the band's change of sound, though some felt it was inferior to Nothing Feels Good . The band promoted it with a tour of the United States East Coast and Canada with Euphone. They ended the year with a two-month US tour with Robbins' band Burning Airlines . In early 2000, the Promise Ring played in Japan, and went on another US tour. Though they had planned to go to Europe,

264-591: A "scrum in rugby", in that "[e]verybody pushes against everybody else, and we move forward in a huge blob of vehement opinion and mutual judgment". Music critic and indie pop musician Scott Miller , in his 2010 book Music: What Happened? , suggested, "Part of the problem is that a lot of vital pop music is made by 22-year-olds who enjoy shock value, and it's pathetic when their elders are cornered into unalloyed reverence". Miller suggested that critics could navigate this problem by being prepared "to give young artists credit for terrific music without being intimidated into

396-434: A "slap at the establishment, at publications such as the hippie homestead Rolling Stone and the rawker outpost Creem ", adding that the "1980s generation" of post-punk indie rockers had in the mid-2000s "been taken down by younger 'poptimists,' who argue that lovers of underground rock are elitists for not embracing the more multicultural mainstream". Powers likened the poptimist critics' debates about bands and styles to

528-470: A 2010 interview, stating, "Most of us [critics] begin writing about music because we love it so much. We can't wait to tell our friends and neighbors about what we're hearing." According to McCall, even over the course of a long professional career, the enthusiastic impulse to share "never fades". McCall expressed his interest in "examining why people respond to what they respond to. I hazard guesses. Sometimes I'm wrong, but I hope I'm always provocative." In

660-544: A US east coast and midwest tour the following month with Rich Creamy Paint, the Explosion and Pele. In May and June, the band were scheduled to go on a European tour with Burning Airlines, however, on the day they were due to go, Bohlen was diagnosed with meningioma , a brain tumor variant. The tour was immediately cancelled and Bohlen underwent surgery on May 8, which saw his skull being removed and reattached. Up to this point, he had been suffering from strong headaches whenever

792-629: A booklet called "Jungle to Jukebox" that used racist, exotic tropes to illustrate the dangers of rock music to white youth. In the 2000s, online music bloggers began to supplement, and to some degree displace, music journalists in print media. In 2006, Martin Edlund of the New York Sun criticized the trend, arguing that while the "Internet has democratized music criticism, it seems it's also spread its penchant for uncritical hype". Carl Wilson described "an upsurge in pro-pop sentiment among critics" during

924-440: A broken collarbone and other injuries. They returned to touring after a six-week break, though with Gnewikow suffering intermittent pain from his collarbone due to his guitar strap. Since the group felt Burton was not working out, coupled with his broken arm, they replaced him with Scott Schoenbeck. At the time, Schoenbeck had formed Pele with Beschta. Bohlen had head trauma and subsequently suffered form constant headaches following

1056-486: A challenge "for those of us concerned with historical memory and popular music performance". Simon Frith said that pop and rock music "are closely associated with gender; that is, with conventions of male and female behaviour". According to Holly Kruse, both popular music articles and academic articles about pop music are usually written from "masculine subject positions". Kembrew McLeod analyzed terms used by critics to differentiate between pop music and rock, finding

1188-526: A challenge to taste hierarchies, and has remained a pugilistic, exhibitionist business throughout pop's own evolution". Powers claimed that "[i]nsults, rejections of others' authority, bratty assertions of superior knowledge and even threats of physical violence are the stuff of which pop criticism is made", while at the same time, the "best [pop criticism] also offers loving appreciation and profound insights about how music creates and collides with our everyday realities". She stated that pop criticism developed as

1320-553: A considerable amount of criticism from conservative Christian communities within the United States. This criticism was strongest throughout the 1960s and 70s, with some of the most prominent Christian critics being David A. Noebel , Bob Larson , and Frank Garlock . While these men were not professional music critics, they often claimed to be qualified rock critics because of their professional experiences with both music and religion. For example, Larson tried to assert his authority as

1452-417: A faster brand of punk. In the early years of Nardcore, there was a scene of localism with songs such as "Oxnar'd by Ill Repute and "Locals Only" by Agression. Nardcore music now includes various musical sub-genres that all fall within the umbrella of punk: thrash metal, skate punk, surf punk (due to Ventura being a beach community), powerviolence , youth crew punk, hardcore and others. The music scene involves

SECTION 10

#1732855706109

1584-594: A form of punk rock influenced by simple rock n roll without the ultra-fast beat of some of the hardcore bands. Black Flag , T.S.O.L. , Fear , D.I. , the Adolescents , Suicidal Tendencies , D.R.I. and others influenced later metal bands like Anthrax , Slayer and Metallica . These hardcore bands also created a crossover sound. The genre of thrash and early metalcore grew out of this fusion. The hardcore scene, particularly in Los Angeles and Orange County, gained

1716-559: A frame of mind where dark subject matter always gets a passing grade", stating that a critic should be able to call a young artist "a musical genius" while "in the same breath declaring that his or her lyrics are morally objectionable." Reacting to the state of pop music criticism, Miller identified a major issue as critics' failure to "credit an artist with getting a feeling across", specifically pointing out critic Lester Bangs as "a ball of emotion at all times", who nonetheless "never really related to his favorite artists as people who develop

1848-442: A gay male and was supposed to depict a radical homosexual enraged against machismo. Vaginal "Creme" Davis was an African American artist from Watts that emerged from the queercore scene in Los Angeles. Davis became well known for challenging the mainstream view of the gay community. He called it the "ultimate conformist culture" and said, "I never fit into the mainstream gay world and never will." Davis performed in drag and began

1980-459: A gendered dichotomy in descriptions of "'serious,' 'raw,' and 'sincere' rock music as distinguished from 'trivial', 'fluffy,' and 'formulaic' pop music". McLeod found that a likely cause of this dichotomy was the lack of women writing in music journalism: "By 1999, the number of female editors or senior writers at Rolling Stone hovered around a whopping 15%, [while] at Spin and Raygun , [it was] roughly 20%." Criticism associated with gender

2112-490: A graduate degree. One critic of the study pointed out that because all newspapers were included, including low-circulation regional papers, the female representation of 26% misrepresented the actual scarcity, in that the "large US papers, which are the ones that influence public opinion, have virtually no women classical music critics", with the notable exceptions of Anne Midgette in the New York Times and Wynne Delacoma in

2244-525: A hopeless romantic, Schoenbeck as a businessman, and Joan of Arc frontman Tim Kinsella dressing up as a priest. It came out on the same day as the Get Up Kids ' Something to Write Home About ; the profile of the Get Up Kids and the Promise Ring were rising while their other contemporaries, such as Braid and Christie Front Drive , had broken up. Around this time, they went on a tour of the US and Canada to promote

2376-443: A hotbed for punk and skate bands. Their collective sound became known as "Nardcore." Nardcore was popularized by the bands themselves, with a little help from Mystic records, Doug Moody and Mystic Promotion Director Mystic Mark Wilkins over a series of Vinyl Releases in the early 1980s. Nardcore tends to have a lot of the same characteristics as skate punk; however, it has a sound closer to traditional hardcore punk. A congealing of

2508-402: A knack for hook-heavy power pop". MTV writer Steven Kandell felt that in an "alternative (read: better) universe, commercial radio would be crawling with gems like the ones that make up" the album. He added that it was "more crafted and polished" than its predecessor. Joachim Hiller of Ox-Fanzine wrote that after a few listens, the band's music had "stuck in your ears and brain, every song

2640-463: A large mix of people as Oxnard and surrounding areas are racially diverse. Band members are predominantly Hispanic of Mexican descent. Marron has released two LP records. Sordo has various split cassette tape, as well as split vinyl releases with bands of the same genre. The proliferation of punk concerts and albums in California generated a like proliferation of flyer and album cover art. Some of

2772-566: A member of punk rock groups Masque Era and the leader of the Bags . Bag was one of the few female leaders in the Punk Rock scene in the 1980s. Bag says one of the things that inspired her to join the punk rock scene was being rejected by the leaders of her high school's Brown Berets club. Bags says the organization didn't think she was serious about civil rights issues because of her appearance. Chicano and Chicana artists like Bag and Los Crudos challenged

SECTION 20

#1732855706109

2904-668: A number of other major newspapers "still have full-time classical music critics", including (in 2007) the Los Angeles Times , The Washington Post , The Baltimore Sun , The Philadelphia Inquirer , and The Boston Globe . Music writers only started "treating pop and rock music seriously" in 1964 "after the breakthrough of the Beatles ". In their book Rock Criticism from the Beginning , Ulf Lindberg and his co-writers say that rock criticism appears to have been "slower to develop in

3036-459: A particular reputation for violence), while the "suburban" punks looked down on what they perceived as the lack of intensity of older "Hollywood" bands (the Germs being a notable exception with lead singer Darby Crash ) and the fashion consciousness of "Hollywood" punks. The Penelope Spheeris documentary The Decline of Western Civilization , shot in early 1979 and early 1980, documents the period when

3168-456: A perspective previously reserved for jazz artists to the rise of American-influenced local rock and pop groups, anticipating the advent of rock critics. Among Britain's broadsheet newspapers, pop music gained exposure in the arts section of The Times when William Mann , the paper's classical music critic, wrote an appreciation of the Beatles in December 1963. In early 1965, The Observer ,

3300-409: A reference to Schoenbeck's birth year. The album's closing track, "All of My Everythings", is a slower song that, along with "Things Just Getting Good", pre-empt the direction the band would go on their next studio album, Wood/Water (2002). Very Emergency was released on September 28, 1999 through Jade Tree . The album's artwork features former Joan of Arc member Paul Koob as a chauffeur. Since

3432-563: A reputation for violence due to the formation of several hardcore punk gangs. Reputed violence at punk concerts was featured in episodes of the popular television shows CHiPs and Quincy, M.E. , in which Los Angeles hardcore punks were depicted as being involved in murder and mayhem. In the early 1980s, punk concerts increasingly became sites of violent battles between police and concertgoers, particularly in Los Angeles, but also in San Francisco. Henry Rollins argued that in his experience,

3564-430: A rise of music critics who used YouTube and social media as their platform. According to Vice magazine's Larry Fitzmaurice in 2016, Twitter (X) is "perhaps the last public space for unfettered music criticism in an increasingly anti-critical landscape". In 2020, The New York Times described YouTuber Anthony Fantano as "probably the most popular music critic left standing." Fantano's channel, The Needle Drop,

3696-560: A rock critic by stating: "As a minister, I know now what it is like to feel the unction of the Holy Spirit. As a rock musician, I knew what it meant to feel the counterfeit anointing of Satan". Christian criticisms of rock music in the mid 20th century often centered around arguments that rock was both sonically and morally bad and physically harmful to both the body and soul. Using these central arguments, Noebel, Larson, Garlock, and other Christian critics of rock music wrote extensively about

3828-424: A skill of conveying feelings. You don't feel that he comfortably acknowledged being moved as a result of their honest work. Artists in his writing were vaguely ridiculous, fascinating primitives, embodying an archetype by accident of nature." Jezebel ' s Tracy Moore, in 2014, suggested that one of the virtues of writing about how music made one feel, in contrast with linking it to the sounds of other artists,

3960-515: A song", in the way that working musicians might discuss "the A-minor in the second measure of the chorus". Stevie Chick, a writer who teaches music journalism at City University London , said, "I think more than any other journalism, music journalism has got a really powerful creative writing quotient to it." Tris McCall of the Newark Star-Ledger discussed his approach to music criticism in

4092-476: A sympathetic readership, given the nature of his publication, Goldstein's task was to win over a more highbrow readership to the artistic merits of contemporary pop music. At this time, both Goldstein and Williams gained considerable renown in the cultural mainstream and were the subject of profile articles in Newsweek . The emergence of rock journalism coincided with an attempt to position rock music, particularly

Very Emergency - Misplaced Pages Continue

4224-531: A tradition of writing about rock since the 60's" has been "largely hidden in American culture". Brooks theorized that perceptions of female artists of color might be different if there were more women of color writing about them, and praised Ellen Willis as a significant feminist critic of rock's classic era. Willis, who was a columnist for the New Yorker from 1968 to 1975, believed society could be enlightened by

4356-482: A very strong glam rock scene in the early 1970s, mostly centered on the club Rodney Bingenheimer's English Disco , run by Rodney Bingenheimer , who later, as a disc jockey for KROQ's Rodney on the ROQ , did much to promote LA punk bands. Many figures from this earlier scene would play notable roles in the later punk scene. In the mid-1970s from 1974 to 1975 a wave of proto-punk bands emerged from Los Angeles, including

4488-525: A xeroxed flyer for an Alley Cats concert in nearby Camarillo . Ill Repute singer John Phaneuf says " Goldenvoice played a big role in getting the Oxnard scene big in L.A." Much of the early promotion of nardcore was due to Mystic Records , in Hollywood, California , and its founder Doug Moody, and promotion director, Mark Wilkins. Mystic launched many bands onto vinyl which helped them form relationships with

4620-428: Is a little hit". Sonicnet's Jason Ferguson said the "super infectious hooks [...] collide with rock-solid riffage [...] to create a very powerful brew". Punk Planet writer Ryan Batke considered it an improvement over their previous album; halfway through his initial listen of it, the "melody had carved out a permanent home for itself in my brain". The staff at NME wrote that the band have "gone one step further than

4752-526: Is called "popism" – or, more evocatively (and goofily), "poptimism". The poptimism approach states: "Pop (and, especially, hip-hop) producers are as important as rock auteurs, Beyoncé is as worthy of serious consideration as Bruce Springsteen , and ascribing shame to pop pleasure is itself a shameful act." In 2008, Ann Powers of the Los Angeles Times argued that pop music critics "have always been contrarians", because "pop music [criticism] rose up as

4884-440: Is centered on a perception that rock critics regard rock as "normative ... the standard state of popular music ... to which everything else is compared". At a 2006 pop critic conference, attendees discussed their "guilty pop pleasures, reconsidering musicians ( Tiny Tim , Dan Fogelberg , Phil Collins ) and genres " which rock critics have long dismissed as lightweight, commercial music. Rosen stated that "this new critical paradigm"

5016-410: Is his main outlet, but he also streams music commentary on Twitch and posts on X. In an article published in 2024, Jessica Karl, a Bloomberg News columnist, opined that "the way we critique music is broken". She argues that the current culture of consuming new music, particularly with the release of Taylor Swift's album The Tortured Poets Department (2024), is unhealthy. While she found some of

5148-400: Is media criticism and reporting about music topics, including popular music , classical music , and traditional music . Journalists began writing about music in the eighteenth century, providing commentary on what is now regarded as classical music. In the 1960s, music journalism began more prominently covering popular music like rock and pop after the breakthrough of The Beatles . With

5280-583: The Billboard top 200 album chart and selling over 20,000,000 albums worldwide, and over 10,000,000 in the first year alone. Shortly after the success of Dookie, the Offspring 's album Smash achieved similar results selling over 16,000,000 albums. However Smash unlike Dookie , was released by independent punk label Epitaph Records , and paved the way for other independent punk bands to achieve success. Formed in 1992, skate punk trio Blink-182 after having spent

5412-600: The Neue Zeitschrift für Musik (founded by Robert Schumann in 1834), and in London journals such as The Musical Times (founded in 1844 as The Musical Times and Singing-class Circular ); or else by reporters at general newspapers where music did not form part of the central objectives of the publication. An influential English 19th-century music critic, for example, was James William Davison of The Times . The composer Hector Berlioz also wrote reviews and criticisms for

Very Emergency - Misplaced Pages Continue

5544-539: The Chicago Sun-Times . In 2007, The New York Times wrote that classical music criticism, which it characterized as "a high-minded endeavor that has been around at least as long as newspapers", had undergone "a series of hits in recent months" with the elimination, downgrading, or redefinition of critics' jobs at newspapers in Atlanta, Minneapolis, and elsewhere, citing New York magazine's Peter G. Davis , "one of

5676-685: The Dead Kennedys , Flipper , MDC , and Verbal Abuse in the San Francisco Bay Area . Though hardcore became dominant during this period, punk also began to diversify. Agent Orange had a noticeable hardcore party surf rock influence, while the Angry Samoans were strongly influenced by 1960s garage rock . Other bands such as the Joneses and Tex and the Horseheads became popular by playing

5808-550: The Flyboys and Atomic Kid. The Runaways , an all female teenaged band featuring Joan Jett , managed by Kim Fowley , formed in Los Angeles in 1975, and combined elements of glam rock , hard rock , and early punk rock. The group would become one of the first punk or punk-adjacent bands anywhere to release recordings, with their self-titled debut LP and its single Cherry Bomb released the following year. Starting in 1976, following recent releases of recordings by punk bands such as

5940-895: The Ramones , a number of punk bands formed in the Los Angeles and Orange County area. Among these bands were the Dils (originally from Carlsbad ), the Zeros (originally from Chula Vista ), the Weirdos , the Screamers , Germs , the Dickies , Bags , X , and the Go-Go's . Many bands also formed in the San Francisco Bay , including The Nuns , Crime , Avengers , Negative Trend , The Mutants , The Sleepers , The Offs and Dead Kennedys . California punk of this period

6072-544: The guitar shop , and now social media : when it comes to popular music, these places become stages for the display of male prowess", and adds, "Female expertise, when it appears, is repeatedly dismissed as fraudulent. Every woman who has ever ventured an opinion on popular music could give you some variation [of this experience] ...and becoming a recognized 'expert' (a musician, a critic) will not save [women] from accusations of fakery." Daphne Brooks, in her 2008 article "The Write to Rock: Racial Mythologies, Feminist Theory, and

6204-400: The queercore scene emerged in the early 1990s, California cities were major hubs of this emerging subculture. Pansy Division , a defining band in the queercore scene, hailed from San Francisco. In Los Angeles, Extra Fancy was one of the first post-alternative punk rock bands to be led by an openly gay individual, Brian Grillo. Grillo's intimidating look went against the stereotypical image of

6336-633: The "ecstatic experience" of visions expressed through music's rhythm and noise and that such joy would lead people to different ways of sharing. Brooks wrote that "the confluence of cultural studies, rock studies, and third wave feminist critical studies makes it possible now more than ever to continue to critique and reinterrogate the form and content of popular music histories". In Brooks' view, "By bravely breaking open dense equations of gender, class, power, and subcultural music scenes", music journalists, activists and critics such as Ellen Willis have been "able to brilliantly, like no one before [them], challenge

6468-531: The 2010s, some commentators noted and criticized the lack of negative reviews in music journalism. Saul Austerlitz from the New York Times Magazine noted that unlike other art forms, "music is now effectively free. Music criticism's former priority — telling consumers what to purchase — has been rendered null and void for most fans." He argued that this and " click culture " causes music critics to act as "cheerleaders" for existing stars. The 2010s saw

6600-632: The Adolescents continued on with their standard Punk Rock sound and released new material throughout the mid-1980s and 1990s. In 1985, Bad Religion reemerged from a hiatus and returned to Punk Rock with their 2nd EP, Back to the Known, featuring a sound that would later be continued and expanded on with albums like Suffer and No Control . During this time period a new generation of bands emerged, influenced by their early 80s predecessors. This new scene would produce bands such as ALL , Chemical People , Guttermouth , Urban Scum , Jughead's Revenge , Lagwagon ,

6732-605: The American south among black populations. Early conservative Christian criticisms of rock music had strong footings in racism. Most white conservative Christians in the mid 20th century understood that rock started among black populations and feared what the success of the genre implied for the church, segregation, and racial equality. When critiquing rock music, Christian critics commonly portrayed rock music with "primitive and exotic imagery to convey [its] African-roots". For example, The American Tract Society in New Jersey released

SECTION 50

#1732855706109

6864-538: The Beatles' work, in the American cultural landscape. The critical discourse was further heightened by the respectful coverage afforded the genre in mainstream publications such as Newsweek , Time and Life in the months leading up to and following the release of the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album in June 1967. Within this discourse, Richard Meltzer , in an essay for Crawdaddy! in March, challenged

6996-521: The Forgotten , AFI on record labels such as Sympathy for the Record Industry and Dead to Me . While many of the second wave bands still retained the speed and anger of the first wave bands, others focused on a more melodic Ramones approach featuring lighthearted lyrics about relationships and other non-political situations. In the early to mid-1990s, bands like Bad Religion , Social Distortion and

7128-660: The Offspring achieved large-scale success, being played on MTV as well as mainstream radio. Up until that point, only alternative format FM stations like KROQ 106.7 in Los Angeles, KWOD 106.5 in Sacramento, 91X in San Diego, Live 105 in San Francisco and Channel 92.3 in San Jose, as well as local public and college radio stations such as KDVS 90.3 in Davis played punk music. In 1989, Social Distortion signed with Epic Records becoming

7260-608: The Offspring , Pennywise , Face to Face , and Big Drill Car , and in San Francisco, No Use for a Name , Jawbreaker , the Lookouts , and the Swingin' Utters . In the late 1980s and early 1990s, San Diego was home to a burgeoning post-hardcore scene centered on bands like Pitchfork , Rocket From the Crypt , the Renegades and Unwritten Law . Several of these bands played important roles in

7392-514: The Paris press of the 1830s and 1840s. Modern art music journalism is often informed by music theory consideration of the many diverse elements of a musical piece or performance, including (as regards a musical composition ) its form and style, and for performance, standards of technique and expression. These standards were expressed, for example, in journals such as Neue Zeitschrift für Musik founded by Robert Schumann , and are continued today in

7524-517: The Pleasures of Rock Music Criticism", wrote that in order to restructure music criticism, one must "focus on multiple counter narratives" to break away from racial and gender biases as embodied in "contemporary cultural fetishizations of white male performative virtuosity and latent black male innovations". Brooks focused on "the ways that rock music criticism has shaped and continues to shape our understandings of racialized music encounters, and what are

7656-677: The State , now with a new drummer in Travis Barker , catapulting the trio into mainstream success and spearheading a second wave of pop punk , whose influence had an extensive impact in the genre. As of 2019, there are a handful of bands that play punk rock music that hail from Oxnard and surrounding areas: Bare Minimum, Bootleg Brigade, Global Warning, Civil Conflict, Crazy D & the Nutz, Dead Heat, Malice Thoughts, Marron, Mullholand, Omega Point, Sordo, Violation of Probation and 3-Day Holocaust. As do many of

7788-478: The U.S. than in England". One of the early British music magazines, Melody Maker , complained in 1967 about how "newspapers and magazines are continually hammering [i.e., attacking] pop music ". From 1964, Melody Maker led its rival publications in terms of approaching music and musicians as a subject for serious study rather than merely entertainment. Staff reporters such as Chris Welch and Ray Coleman applied

7920-410: The United States "the emergence of a 'serious' rock press and the rock critic" began in 1966, presaged by Robert Shelton , the folk music critic for The New York Times , writing articles praising the Beatles and Bob Dylan , the last of whom had just embraced rock 'n' roll by performing with electric backing at the 1965 Newport Folk Festival . Paul Williams , an eighteen-year-old student, launched

8052-612: The Wolves , were all certified Gold or Platinum (with the first being released on Atlantic and last two on Epitaph). Also during this period, ALL , Face to Face and a reunited Circle Jerks were all signed to major labels, Interscope , A&M and Mercury respectively. The success of these bands also led to success for Southern California ska punk bands like No Doubt , Sublime , Reel Big Fish , Goldfinger , as well as Northern California ska punk outfits like Smash Mouth . In June 1999, Blink-182 released their seminal album Enema of

SECTION 60

#1732855706109

8184-523: The World Music Institute interviewed four New York Times music critics who came up with the following criteria on how to approach ethnic music: A key finding in a 2005 study of arts journalism in America was that the profile of the "average classical music critic is a white, 52-year old male, with a graduate degree". Demographics indicated that the group was 74% male, 92% white, and 64% had earned

8316-621: The album moves away from this style. It continued the pop -orientated direction the band alluded to on the Boys + Girls EP, drawing comparison to the Wedding Present , the Pixies, Soul Asylum and the Lemonheads . Unlike Nothing Feels Good which saw the band work on songs from jamming; for Very Emergency , a number of tracks saw Bohlen come up with a barebones rhythm guitar part and vocal melody, which

8448-408: The album to be "brimming with ringing hooks and a deepening sense of thoughtful pop craft". He added that the band "embellishes these tunes with an assured but bittersweet maturity that reaches well beyond pop's often mundane sentiments". Brian M. Raftery of Entertainment Weekly wrote that while the band had "solidified their indie following with pressurized melodic musings, their third album reveals

8580-606: The album with Euphone. A music video was made for "Emergency! Emergency!", directed by Darren Doane , and stars the roommate of Didier's girlfriend, in addition to Dave Kaminski and Schoenbeck's brother Mike, who served as their touring manager. It also features Josh Modell as a milkman in reference to the magazine he was publishing at the time, Milk . Didier and his brother worked on the script and then sent it to Doane. The video, shot in Didier's place and his girlfriend's place in Milwaukee,

8712-425: The alternative stories that we might tell". Brooks pointed to Christgau's statement that, after the Beatles' arrival in America, "rock criticism embraced a dream or metaphor of perpetual revolution. Worthwhile bands were supposed to change people's lives, preferably for the better. If they failed to do so, that meant they didn't matter." Unsurprisingly, according to Brooks, "the history of women who've been sustaining

8844-582: The art punks of the older LA scene and came mainly from the suburban parts of the Los Angeles area, especially the South Bay and Orange County . This resulted in a rivalry between the older artsy "Hollywood" scene and the hardcore "suburban", "surf punk", or "beach punk" scene. Those in the "Hollywood" scene often disliked what they saw as the musical narrowness of hardcore and the violence associated with "suburban" punks (the South Bay and Orange County punk scenes had

8976-494: The art. Applying critical theory ( e.g. , critical gender studies and critical race theory ) to music journalism, some academic writers suggest that mutual disrespect between critics and artists is one of many negative effects of rockism . In 2004, critic Kelefa Sanneh defined "rockism" as "idolizing the authentic old legend (or underground hero) while mocking the latest pop star". Music journalism "infected" with rockism has become, according to Yale professor Daphne Brooks,

9108-430: The artists involved in producing art for the early punk scene later went on to greater notability. Mark Vallen , a painter and graphic artist , was associated with the early LA punk scene; his work was featured on a number of fanzine and album covers. Gary Panter was also closely associated with the early LA punk scene and produced the Screamers distinctive logo. Raymond Pettibon (brother of Greg Ginn of Black Flag)

9240-589: The band being namechecked and features a reference to "Take Manhattan" (2001) by the Big Bright Lights. "Living Around" was compared to the work of Fountains of Wayne . "Jersey Shore" conveys the feelings of a summer ending, and is followed by the Cars-indebted "Skips a Beat (Over You)", which features backing vocals from Toomey. The latter describes a person wanting to relive particular events so that they can handle their emotions better. "Arms and Danger" includes

9372-448: The band had previously seen him with a moustache, they asked him to grow one purposely for the cover of the album. Didier said the inspiration for the design came from the film Rushmore (1998), which guitarist Jason Gnewikow loved and wanted each member of the band to dress up as different characters. The characters were based on each person's personalities, such as Bohlen being into sports, Didier acted as an architect, Gnewikow served as

9504-415: The band has ever done". Critic Robert Christgau gave it a star and wrote: "Finding the tuneful poetry in a moment when most punks are well-meaning dorks going through a phase". The A.V. Club writer Stephen Thompson said it was a "far cry from its more intense predecessor [...] Which is fine: The Promise Ring certainly isn't contractually obligated to make the same great record over and over". He commended

9636-537: The band performed for a year and a half. Two outtakes from the Very Emergency sessions were included on the Electric Pink EP, released in mid-May. The band took the next few months off to recuperate. In September, the band began supporting Bad Religion for three weeks on their US tour. While in Atlanta, Georgia, Bohlen woke up in a pool of blood on his pillow. He had to receive another operation that would remove

9768-575: The band would add to and structure around. The opening track "Happiness Is All the Rage" is a pop song that segues into "Emergency! Emergency!", which was compared to the pop punk scene in Berkeley, California . It features a guitar riff that was reminiscent of the one heard in " Just What I Needed " by the Cars . The rock track "Happy Hour" is followed by the ballad "Things Just Getting Good", which sees each member of

9900-700: The band's "approach to big, catchy pop" for being "admirable. The problem is more with spotty execution than faulty goals". The staff at SF Weekly wrote that instead of "crossing over, the Promise Ring is content to hold court over a pop subculture — a subculture that's becoming an exact replica of the über-culture's insipid archetypes". Spin included the album on their top 20 best albums of 1999 list. All songs written by Davey von Bohlen , Jason Gnewikow, Scott Schoenbeck, and Dan Didier. Personnel per booklet. The Promise Ring Additional musicians Production Citations Sources Music journalism Music journalism (or music criticism )

10032-402: The band's "emotionally tense and sentimental edge has pretty much entirely disappeared; everything is happy, bouncy, and catchy as hell, which isn't always a bad thing". He added that the "lyrics have lost that classic Promise Ring feel -- they actually make clear sense a lot of the time. At times, the music just gets so poppy that it is sickening". Tad Hendrickson of CMJ New Music Report found

10164-437: The beats used in rock music could cause rebellion in younger generations due to their hypnotic and influential nature. Drawing from styles like rhythm and blues and jazz music, rock and roll was first innovated by black communities, but was soon appropriated by white populations. This aspect of rock's history has been overlooked by historians and the media, but music experts now widely agree that rock's true origins lie in

10296-454: The columns of serious newspapers and journals such as The Musical Times . Several factors—including growth of education, the influence of the Romantic movement generally and in music, popularization (including the 'star-status' of many performers such as Liszt and Paganini ), among others—led to an increasing interest in music among non-specialist journals, and an increase in

10428-413: The country's highbrow Sunday newspaper, signalled a reversal of the establishment's cultural snobbery towards pop music by appointing George Melly as its "critic of pop culture". Following Tony Palmer 's arrival at The Observer , the first daily newspaper to employ a dedicated rock critic was The Guardian , with the appointment of Geoffrey Cannon in 1968. Melody Maker ' s writers advocated

10560-578: The cover page of the Sacramento Union. Nardcore is a hardcore punk movement that originated in the Oxnard suburbs of Silver Strand Beach and Port Hueneme . Early bands of the nardcore scene include Agression , Dr. Know , False Confession , Ill Repute , Habeas Corpus, Stalag 13, RKL and Scared Straight . Around 1977, the first group in the area was a Moorpark band called the Rotters, emulating

10692-494: The crash. In October 1998, the band released the Boys + Girls EP; around this time, they had several new songs that were finished and were anticipating recording their next album in early 1999. In March 1999, the band aired new material during a few shows, leading up to their European tour in the next month. Following the stint, the group began recording their next album at Inner Ear Studios in Washington, D.C. The band stayed at

10824-453: The differences between 'good' and 'bad' music. In The Beatles: A Study in Drugs, Sex and Revolution , Noebel explained why rock music was 'bad' by contrasting it with qualities of 'good' music. In The Big Beat: A Rock Blast , similar arguments were posed by Garlock, with the additional argument that 'good' music must come from distinguished and educated musicians. Additionally, Larson argued that

10956-654: The early 1980s in California, hardcore was the dominant form of punk and aggressive music. Notable hardcore bands active in that period included the Circle Jerks , Black Flag , the Adolescents , Minutemen , Descendents , T.S.O.L. , China White , Agent Orange , the Vandals , Love Canal, Wasted Youth , Social Distortion , D.I. , White Mice, Channel 3 (band) , Dr. Know , the Mentors and NOFX in Southern California, and

11088-468: The early 1980s starting off with shows in auditoriums at McKinley Park. Katz eventually opened Club Minimal in South Sacramento, booking early hardcore acts such as Black Flag, Circle Jerks, Flipper, Crucifix as well as local bands. The police department shut down the club, but Katz led a 60s style peaceful protest inside the lobby of City Hall, joined by more than a hundred punk rockers. The protest made

11220-406: The early 2000s, writing that a "new generation [of music critics] moved into positions of critical influence" and then "mounted a wholesale critique against the syndrome of measuring all popular music by the norms of rock culture". Slate magazine writer Jody Rosen discussed the 2000s-era trends in pop music criticism in his article "The Perils of Poptimism". Rosen noted that much of the debate

11352-574: The emergence of Crawdaddy! Lindberg et al. say that, while Williams is widely considered to be the first American rock critic, he "nevertheless looked to England for material". According to Gendron, Goldstein's most significant early pieces were a "manifesto" on rock 'n' roll and "pop aestheticism", and a laudatory assessment of the Beatles' Revolver album. Published in late August, the latter article provided "the first substantial rock review devoted to one album to appear in any nonrock magazine with accreditory power". Whereas Williams could be sure of

11484-552: The first band from the scene, since the Dickies in the late 1970s, to get a major label deal. Their album, simply titled Social Distortion became a minor hit with four singles "Let It Be Me", " Ball and Chain ", " Story of My Life " and a cover of Johnny Cash 's " Ring of Fire " all charting on the Modern Rock Tracks top 25. In 1993, following the success of Social Distortion, Bad Religion were signed to Atlantic Records and reissued then-current album Recipe for Hate for

11616-478: The first festival gathering and showcasing punk bands from all over the West Coast . By 1979, hardcore had displaced the Hollywood scene and become the dominant expression called hardcore punk in both Northern and Southern California. By this time, many of the older punk bands had broken up or become relatively inactive. A few, such as X and The Go-Go's, went on to mainstream success as punk or new wave bands. In

11748-580: The highbrow aesthetic of rock proposed by Goldstein. The latter's mixed review of Sgt. Pepper in The New York Times was similarly the subject of journalistic debate, and invited reprisals from musicologists, composers and cultural commentators. Among other young American writers who became pop columnists following Goldstein's appointment were Robert Christgau (at Esquire , from June 1967), Ellen Willis ( The New Yorker , March 1968) and Ellen Sander ( Saturday Review , October 1968). Christgau

11880-551: The idea that Punk Rock was an exclusively white genre by incorporating Spanish lyrics into their music. Bag continues to participate in the Punk Rock scene four decades after her debut, making her first solo track in 2016. Bag also continues to support the female punk rock scene in Los Angeles by interviewing and highlighting them on her website. San Francisco and Los Angeles were major centers for both gay and punk subcultures, and there has long been crossover between them, with bands such as MDC featuring openly-gay frontpersons. When

12012-465: The infected portion of his skull. As a result, the band dropped off the tour. They played shows in February 2001 to make up for the cancelled shows they had planned for December. The album was re-pressed on vinyl alongside 30° Everywhere (1996) and Nothing Feels Good in late 2015. Very Emergency was met with generally favorable reviews from music critics . AllMusic reviewer Blake Butler wrote that

12144-580: The intellectual and political activism and agency" of the entire music industry. Punk rock in California Since the mid-1970s, California has had thriving regional punk rock movements. It primarily consists of bands from the Los Angeles , Orange County , Ventura County , San Diego , San Fernando Valley , San Francisco , Fresno , Bakersfield , Alameda County , Sacramento , Lake Tahoe , Oakland and Berkeley areas. Los Angeles had

12276-400: The label that same year. Unlike Social Distortion however, Recipe for Hate initially received mixed reviews from music critics but brought the band a little success, peaking at #14 on Billboard 's Heatseekers chart. Also in 1993, Green Day signed a deal with Reprise Records and released their first major label album Dookie in 1994. Dookie became a huge success, peaking at #2 on

12408-505: The lyrical "quotient [is] slightly higher than before, but given new reliance on conventional structures, still below average". PopMatters contributor Justin Stranzl wrote that "by making a simpler record than its predecessor was, the Promise Ring have succeeded where so many bands have failed". He added that the "lyrical content never turns negative [...] and the tempo never slows" as the "intentional simplicity charms and energizes like nothing

12540-565: The media. At that time, leading newspapers still typically employed a chief music critic , while magazines such as Time and Vanity Fair also employed classical music critics. But by the early 1990s, classical critics were dropped in many publications, in part due to "a decline of interest in classical music, especially among younger people". Also of concern in classical music journalism was how American reviewers can write about ethnic and folk music from cultures other than their own, such as Indian ragas and traditional Japanese works. In 1990,

12672-421: The most respected voices of the craft, [who] said he had been forced out after 26 years". Viewing "robust analysis, commentary and reportage as vital to the health of the art form", The New York Times stated in 2007 that it continued to maintain "a staff of three full-time classical music critics and three freelancers", noting also that classical music criticism had become increasingly available on blogs, and that

12804-407: The music industry. By combining the words "Oxnard" and "hardcore", the name is a reference to the Oxnard, California hardcore punk scene. Brandon Cruz credits Dr. Know guitarist Ismael Hernandez as the originator of the term. This coastal suburban community, sixty miles north-west of Los Angeles, California , was the spawning ground for many hardcore punk bands of the early 1980s and became

12936-406: The new forms of pop music of the late 1960s. "By 1999, the 'quality' press was regularly carrying reviews of popular music gigs and albums", which had a "key role in keeping pop" in the public eye. As more pop music critics began writing, this had the effect of "legitimating pop as an art form"; as a result, "newspaper coverage shifted towards pop as music rather than pop as social phenomenon". In

13068-564: The new sounds of English punk rock . After playing a few parties for high school age audiences, Agression latched onto the style. The younger, future members of Dr. Know and Ill Repute were in the audiences saying "Oh, we can do that." The first venues to regularly host punk shows in the Oxnard area were Casa Tropical (a Quonset hut at the Oxnard Airport), Town and Country (Port Hueneme), Skate Palace (Port Hueneme), and Casa de la Raza (Santa Barbara). The local Skate Scene played heavily in

13200-505: The next two years recording in DIY fashion two splits and three demos, including the commercially available Buddha before signing to independent label Cargo in 1994. They released their debut album Cheshire Cat through Cargo imprint Grilled Cheese in February 1995. The record, and heavy touring in support, helped the band gain a following in and out of the San Diego local punk scene and subsequently Australia. After opening for bigger bands in

13332-457: The number of critics by profession of varying degrees of competence and integrity. The 1840s could be considered a turning point, in that music critics after the 1840s generally were not also practicing musicians. However, counterexamples include Alfred Brendel , Charles Rosen , Paul Hindemith , and Ernst Krenek ; all of whom were modern practitioners of the classical music tradition who also write (or wrote) on music. Women music journalists in

13464-401: The older LA punk scene was being completely taken over by hardcore and features performances by bands from both scenes. Decline was filmed in part at punk shows sponsored and promoted by David Ferguson , who in 1979, formed CD Presents, a recording label that would record and promote a number of pioneering groups from the California punk scene. Ferguson and CD Presents organized New Wave 1980,

13596-407: The original Nardcore bands, Dr. Know , Ill Repute , False Confession , and Stalag 13. There has also been a revival of Nardcore as of late 2018 thanks to promoters such as Midnight Society Productions, Bangerz Only, Sleep Away, David Stalsworth (drummer of the above band, Civil Conflict), Ventura Pyrate Punx, Skip Nasty, and Casa Anarkia. The musical style has transcended the years, recently becoming

13728-456: The plaudits and criticism. She condemned the Paste review for making "a litany of petty, exclamation-pointed digs" at Swift, and dismissed the rave Rolling Stone review for calling the album a classic within a day, as well as criticizing articles by "reputable publications" like Time and The Philadelphia Inquirer for catering gossip to the masses and fandom instead of serious journalism of

13860-409: The police caused far more problems than they solved at punk performances. At one point, Black Flag was under heavy surveillance by police convinced that the band was the cover for a drug ring. Cities like Sacramento, Lake Tahoe and neighboring Reno, Nevada followed San Francisco and Los Angeles, creating their own underground hardcore scenes. Local promoter Stuart Katz brought punk rock to Sacramento in

13992-563: The pop journal Crawdaddy! in February 1966; in June, Richard Goldstein , a recent graduate and New Journalism writer, debuted his "Pop Eye" column in The Village Voice , which Gendron describes as "the first regular column on rock 'n' roll ... to appear in an established cultural publication". Rock journalist Clinton Heylin , in his role as editor of The Penguin Book of Rock & Roll Writing , cites "the true genesis of rock criticism" to

14124-614: The realm of rock music, as in that of classical music, critics have not always been respected by their subjects. Frank Zappa declared that "Most rock journalism is people who can't write, interviewing people who can't talk, for people who can't read." In the Guns N' Roses song " Get in the Ring ", Axl Rose verbally attacked critics who gave the band negative reviews because of their actions on stage; such critics as Andy Secher , Mick Wall and Bob Guccione Jr. were mentioned by name. Rock music received

14256-480: The residence of Burning Airlines member J. Robbins in Silver Spring, Maryland and would drive to the studio each day. Ahead of the sessions, Didier had sent Robbins a tape of songs with drum tones that he liked, which included the work of the Pixies . Producer credit was split between Robbins and the band. Throughout the sessions, Bohlen theorised he was taking a bottle of headache pills every couple of days as he

14388-414: The reviews of the album were "well-considered", she opined others were pre-written and "daft". She explained that critics are "staying up until dawn to finish listening to an album as if it's a college paper we're cramming to complete by the morning" and long albums like the 31-track Tortured Poets frustrate them. Karl also felt that reviews appearing online within hours of an album's release discredits both

14520-464: The rise of the internet in the 2000s, music criticism developed an increasingly large online presence with music bloggers, aspiring music critics, and established critics supplementing print media online. Music journalism today includes reviews of songs, albums and live concerts, profiles of recording artists , and reporting of artist news and music events. Music journalism has its roots in classical music criticism , which has traditionally comprised

14652-508: The scene like Pennywise and NOFX, Fletcher Dragge , who strongly believed in the trio, convinced Warped Tour founder Kevin Lyman to bring them on the next line up. They put out one EP They Came To Conquer... Uranus in 1996. During this time period, the trio had accumulated genuine interest among major labels, which resulted in a bidding war between MCA , Interscope and Epitaph . The band grew tired of Cargo's lack of distribution and faith in

14784-430: The scene, many people riding in backyard half pipes or breaking into backyards with empty pools to skate. "We were all skaters before we were punkers," said Brandon Cruz , singer for several Nardcore bands. There was and still is a strong sense of unity and community among the generations of Nardcore bands . Some unity came from the coverage by a local publication called 60 Miles North , which began in 1983 initially as

14916-527: The so-called math rock movement. The Bay Area punk scene began to flourish in the late 1980s. In 1987, Matt Freeman and Tim Armstrong (future members of Rancid ) started ska-punk band Operation Ivy . Other Bay Area bands were Mr. T Experience , Isocracy , Samiam , and Crimpshrine . Over the next 20 years the Bay Area punk scene formed such influential punk bands such as Swingin Utters , Rancid , One Man Army ,

15048-451: The study, discussion, evaluation, and interpretation of music that has been composed and notated in a score and the evaluation of the performance of classical songs and pieces, such as symphonies and concertos . Before about the 1840s, reporting on music was either done by musical journals, such as the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (founded by Johann Friedrich Rochlitz in 1798) and

15180-595: The style was the eponymous compilation LP release in 1984. Punk music was Exploited , Discharge . The bands coming from England, and the bands that copied them were punk bands. The stuff we were producing was an original form of Californian music, thrash, or skateboard punk. It originated here. By the mid-1980s, many major punk acts such as Black Flag and Dead Kennedys , had broken up. Other bands that had remained such as T.S.O.L. and Circle Jerks began to change their sound in favor of more hard rock or metallic directions while other bands such as D.I. , Agent Orange and

15312-484: The traditional high / low culture split, usually around notions of artistic integrity, authenticity, and the nature of commercialism". These review collections, Shuker continues, "became bibles in the field, establishing orthodoxies as to the relative value of various styles or genres and pantheons of artists. Record collectors and enthusiasts, and specialisation and secondhand record shops, inevitably have well-thumbed copies of these and similar volumes close at hand." In

15444-479: The trek was cancelled when it was discovered that frontman Davey von Bohlen had meningioma . After surgery and a few months break, the band supported Bad Religion on their US tour. Spin ranked the album within their list of the top 20 best releases from 1999. The Promise Ring released their second album Nothing Feels Good in October 1997. It received critical praise, and was featured on best-of album lists for

15576-555: The trio, ultimately signing with MCA and entered the studio after completing tour obligations to record their second LP Dude Ranch , released in June 1997 to moderate success. It gave the band their first hit single, " Dammit ". Two years later the album was certified platinum with one million copies sold. Soon thereafter, Green Day and the Offspring were joined by Bad Religion , NOFX , and Rancid , whose respective albums Stranger Than Fiction , Punk in Drublic , and ...And Out Come

15708-652: The twentieth century who covered classic music performance include Ruth Scott Miller of the Chicago Tribune (1920-1921), Henriette Weber at the Chicago Herald-Examiner , and Claudia Cassidy , who worked for Chicago Journal of Commerce (1924–1941), the Chicago Sun (1941–42) and the Chicago Tribune (1942–65). In the early 1980s, a decline in the quantity of classical criticism began occurring "when classical music criticism visibly started to disappear" from

15840-457: The world of pop music criticism, there has tended to be a quick turnover. The "pop music industry" expects that any particular rock critic will likely disappear from popular view within five years; in contrast, according to author Mark Fenster, the "stars" of rock criticism are more likely to have long careers with "book contracts, featured columns, and editorial and staff positions at magazines and newspapers". Author Bernard Gendron writes that in

15972-465: The wracked melodicism" of their previous album "and made a pop record" with a "bristling catchiness that’s propelling them to the fore of US college circles". Nick Mirov of Pitchfork wrote that the band's "newfound commitment to conventional pop song structures and chord progressions appears to displace energy levels to detrimental effect". He noted that "Chorus integrity has increased significantly, but melodic development in verse lags behind". He said

16104-413: The year by the likes of The New York Times and Teen People . In addition, it pushed the band to the forefront of the emo music scene ; they became the most successful emo act of the era with sales of Nothing Feels Good reaching the mid-five figures. The album received airplay on college radio , and the music video for "Why Did Ever We Meet" appeared on MTV 's 120 Minutes . Bassist Scott Beschta

16236-593: Was a result of double marginalization of individuals within the African-America and Latino communities during the late 1970s. She says some punk artists suggest that this double marginalization was necessary for these groups to develop the "D.I.Y." attitude associated with Punk Rock groups. These bands drew upon their working class experiences and sexual and racial identities in their music. Los Angeles' punk scene produced notable ethnic artist such as Alice Bag . Born Alicia Armendariz in 1958, Alice Bag, went on to become

16368-465: Was graphically discussed in a 2014 Jezebel article about the struggles of women in music journalism , written by music critic Tracy Moore, previously an editor at the Nashville Scene . Moore described how another female music blogger, an "admitted outsider" who threatened no stereotypes, was greeted with enthusiasm by men, in contrast with Moore's own experiences as a self-described "insider" who

16500-476: Was made solely as Doane said he would do it for free; the clip premiered on 120 Minutes in October. In October and November, the band embarked on a two-month trek of the US with Burning Airlines, Pele and the Dismemberment Plan , among others. Further shows were added with Burning Airlines, pushing the trek into early December. The band performed in Japan in February 2000, before taking a break. They went on

16632-496: Was musically very eclectic, and the punk scene of the time included a number of bands whose sound crossed over to art/experimental punk, new wave , electropunk , punk-funk , rockabilly , deathrock and hard rock . In 1978 in Southern California , the first hardcore punk bands arose, including Middle Class , Black Flag , Vicious Circle , Fear , and the Circle Jerks . Hardcore bands and fans tended to be younger than

16764-446: Was nevertheless expected to "prove" or "earn" her way into a male-dominated journalism scene. According to Anwen Crawford, music critic for Australia's The Monthly , the "problem for women [popular music critics] is that our role in popular music was codified long ago"; as a result, "most famous rock-music critics – Robert Christgau, Greil Marcus , Lester Bangs , Nick Kent – are all male". Crawford points to "[t]he record store ,

16896-426: Was replaced on the album's supporting tour by Tim Burton , who had played with Gnewikow in his former band None Left Standing. In February 1998, the band were traveling back home from a show in the midst of a snowstorm. After Bohlen hit a bump on the road, their van flipped over. Bohlen, Burton and Didier were released from hospital the following morning while Gnewikow was in the intensive care unit for three weeks for

17028-601: Was similarly associated with the LA hardcore scene, especially Black Flag and the Minutemen , producing Black Flag's distinctive "four bars" logo. Winston Smith , a San Francisco collage artist, was associated with Dead Kennedys and also did a piece of artwork named "God Told Me to Skin You Alive" for Green Day 's fourth album Insomniac . According to historian gaye Theresa Johnson the emergence of ethnic punk rock bands in Los Angeles

17160-400: Was suffering from migraine headaches. Robbins, Jenny Toomey and Smart Went Crazy member Hilary Soldati appeared on the album. The recordings were mixed at Smart Studios , before they were mastered by Alan Douches at West West Side Music. Musically, the sound of Very Emergency has been described as power pop and pop rock . Though it has also been tagged as emo , it has been noted that

17292-431: Was the "originator of the 'consumer guide' approach to pop music reviews", an approach that was designed to help readers decide whether to buy a new album. According to popular music academic Roy Shuker in 1994, music reference books such as The Rolling Stone Record Guide and Christgau's Record Guide played a role in the rise of rock critics as tastemakers in the music industry, "constructing their own version of

17424-467: Was to avoid excluding readers who may not have musical knowledge as broad as that of the writer. In contrast, Miller believed that analytical readers would appreciate "more music talk in music criticism", suggesting that "sensitively modest doses" of musical analysis would provide helpful support for a conclusion "that great melody writing occurred or it didn't". For example, Miller noted that critics rarely "identify catchy melodies as specific passages within

#108891