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48-747: Vectorwise originated from the X100 research project carried out within the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI, the Dutch National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science) between 2003 and 2008. It was spun off as a start-up company in 2008, and acquired by Ingres Corporation in 2011. It was released as a commercial product in June, 2010, initially for 64-bit Linux platform, and later also for Windows. Starting from 3.5 release in April 2014,

96-637: A CWI spinoff . Work at the institute was recognized by national or international research awards, such as the Lanchester Prize (awarded yearly by INFORMS ), the Gödel Prize (awarded by ACM SIGACT ) and the Spinoza Prize . Most of its senior researchers hold part-time professorships at other Dutch universities, with the institute producing over 170 full professors during the course of its history. Several CWI researchers have been recognized as members of

144-492: A commercial product in June, 2010, initially for 64-bit Linux platform, and later also for Windows. Versant Corporation was an American-based software company building specialized NoSQL data management systems. In late 2012, after rejecting an offer by Unicom Systems , Versant announced it agreed to be acquired by Actian, promoted using the term big data . It closed in December 2012 for an estimated $ 37 million. ParAccel

192-445: A fully managed hybrid cloud data warehouse service designed from the ground up to deliver high performance at scale on commodity infrastructure (running on Kubernetes ), using Vector as the core database engine (a vectorized, MPP, fully ANSI SQL compliant RDBMS). It also offers native data integration and data quality capabilities, based on an integrated cloud version of Actian DataConnect, and basic data visualization capabilities. It

240-550: A loyal customer base, CA failed to develop the technology much further. Ingres Corporation was spun out of CA as a separate private company in November 2005, with private equity firm Garnett & Helfrich Capital as largest shareholder. Terry Garnett served as interim chief executive, and CA retained a 25% interest. In July 2006, Roger Burkhardt became president. He promoted open source software , and helped form Open Source for America in 2009. Ingres announced they had acquired

288-433: A multinational software firm. Relational Technology, Incorporated (RTI), was founded in 1980 by Michael Stonebraker and Eugene Wong, and professor Lawrence A. Rowe to commercialize Ingres. In the late 1980s, RTI had competition in the database management system (DBMS) market, including Oracle Corporation (which had started with the similar name Relational Software Incorporated), Informix Corporation , and Sybase , but

336-469: A new architecture using pipelined query processing ("vectorised processing") to improve the performance of analytical queries. This led to the creation of the "X100" project, with the intention of designing a new kernel for MonetDB, to be called "MonetDB/X100". The X100 project team won the 2007 DaMoN Best Paper Award for the paper "Vectorized Data Processing on the Cell Broadband Engine" as well as

384-647: A powerful tool for enterprise data operations. Through a partnership with KNIME , DataFlow also enhances data science workflows by enabling seamless integration with KNIME's analytics platform. Notably, Actian DataFlow is fully independent of Google Cloud Dataflow , built as a proprietary Actian solution unrelated to Apache Beam . Actian Business Xchange is a managed B2B integration-as-a-service platform that enables trading partners to exchange electronic procurement and supply chain documents regardless of format or enterprise system. Actian Zen (PSQL) (formerly Btrieve , later named Pervasive PSQL until version 13)

432-523: Is a versatile data integration platform that enables companies to connect, transform, and manage data across multiple systems and applications. It supports real-time synchronization, complex transformations, and comprehensive API connectivity, making it ideal for complex enterprise workflows. DataConnect 12.2 was release in August 2023, introducing improved support for Data Quality metrics generation. Actian DataFlow (originally developed as Pervasive DataRush in

480-494: Is an ACID -compliant, Zero-DBA, Embedded, Nano-footprint, Multi-Model, Multi-Platform database management system (DBMS). Actian NoSQL (formerly known as Versant Object Database or VOD) is a high-performance, object database , focused on complex data management with real-time processing capabilities, particularly suited for highly complex object-oriented applications, embedded applications and analytical use cases. After its acquisition by HCL in 2021, Actian received access to

528-623: Is an American software company headquartered in Santa Clara, California that provides analytics-related software , products, and services. The company sells database software and technology , cloud engineered systems , and data integration solutions . Ingres was developed at the University of California, Berkeley and commercialized by Relational Technology Inc. After a course of name changes and acquisitions, including VectorWise BV, Versant , Pervasive, and ParAccel , Actian came into existence as

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576-563: Is an SQL relational database management system designed for high performance in analytical database applications. Starting from 3.5 release in April 2014, the product name was shortened to "Vector". In June 2014, Actian Vortex was announced - clustered MPP version of Vector, working in Hadoop with storage in HDFS . Actian Vortex was later renamed to Actian Vector in Hadoop. In turn, Actian Vector became

624-440: Is marketed as a zero-DBA, Cloud Data Service that can be directly used by business analyst, data engineers, data scientists, or power-users to pull hundreds of terabytes of disparate and diverse data into a single cloud data warehouse , run sub-second queries and advanced analytics and then visualize and report, leveraging most popular tools through easily navigated menus. Actian Vector (formerly known as Vectorwise or VectorWise)

672-690: Is part of the institutes organization of the Dutch Research Council (NWO) and is located at the Amsterdam Science Park . This institute is famous as the creation site of the programming language Python . It was a founding member of the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics (ERCIM). The institute was founded in 1946 by Johannes van der Corput , David van Dantzig , Jurjen Koksma , Hendrik Anthony Kramers , Marcel Minnaert and Jan Arnoldus Schouten . It

720-441: Is supported through direct appends to stable storage, while small transactional updates are supported through patent-pending Positional Delta Trees (PDTs) — specialized B-tree -like structures of indexed differences on top of stable storage, which are seamlessly patched during scans, and which are transparently propagated to stable storage in a background process. The method of storing differences in patch-like structures and rewriting

768-493: The HCL Informix product line, which is a result of an agreement signed between HCL and IBM in 2017. HCL Informix is a multi-model database management system, with a modular architecture, enabling it be used for enterprise applications or embedded solutions. It is offered in a single edition (feature compatible with IBM Informix Enterprise Edition), through a CPU core-based licensing (subscription). Zeenea Data Discovery Platform

816-738: The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , the Academia Europaea , or as knights in the Order of the Netherlands Lion . In February 2017, CWI in association with Google announced a successful collision attack on SHA 1 encryption algorithm. CWI was an early user of the Internet in Europe, in the form of a TCP/IP connection to NSFNET . Piet Beertema at CWI established one of

864-562: The VectorWise technology in 2010, which had spun out from the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI, the Dutch National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science) in 2008. In November 2010, Garnett & Helfrich Capital acquired the last 20% of equity in Ingres Corporation that it did not already own. In July 2011, Steve Shine became chief executive officer . In September 2011, Ingres changed its name to Actian, using

912-533: The 2008 DaMoN Best Paper Award for the paper "DSM vs. NSM: CPU Performance Tradeoffs in Block-Oriented Query Processing". In August 2009 the originators for the X100 project won the "Ten Year Best Paper Award" at the 35th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB) for their 1999 paper "Database architecture Optimized for the new bottleneck: Memory access". It was recognised by the VLDB that

960-850: The Actian X brand, making all its features and capabilities available to the Ingres 12.0 release. OpenROAD , which stands for "Open Rapid Object Application Development", is a fourth-generation programming language (4GL) and development suite. It includes a suite of development tools, with a built-in IDE (Written in OpenROAD), and Code Repository. OpenROAD enables the development and deployment of mission-critical, n-tier business applications on Windows and Linux. It connects to databases such as Ingres, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, and Zen, and supports additional databases using ODBC . Actian DataConnect (originally Data Junction),

1008-451: The French metadata management platform startup Zeenea for €24 million. The acquisition was completed on September 12, 2024, with Zeenea becoming part of Actian's product portfolio. The Actian Data Platform, formerly called Avalanche, is a fully managed Cloud Data Platform for high performance operational analytics available on Google Cloud Platform , Microsoft Azure and AWS . It offers

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1056-639: The X100 project was spun off from MonetDB as a separate project, with its own company, and renamed "VectorWise". Co-founders included Peter A. Boncz and Marcin Żukowski. In June 2010, the VectorWise technology was officially announced by Ingres Corporation , with the release of Ingres VectorWise 1.0. In March 2011, VectorWise 1.5 was released, publishing a record breaking result on TPC-H 100 GB benchmark. New features included parallel query execution (single query executed on multiple CPU cores), improved bulk loading and enhanced SQL support. In June 2011, VectorWise 1.6

1104-629: The core engine in Actian Avalanche. Ingres is a proprietary SQL relational database management system intended to support large commercial and government applications. On April 18, 2017, Actian X was introduced as the first natively integrated hybrid database, unifying transactional and analytic processing within a single platform. It integrates features from Ingres and Vector, such as column-based storage, vectorized processing, and multi-core parallelism, supporting diverse workloads for efficient and scalable data management. In 2024, Actian withdraw

1152-720: The development of scheduling algorithms for the Dutch railway system (the Nederlandse Spoorwegen , one of the busiest rail networks in the world) and the development of the Python programming language by Guido van Rossum . Python has played an important role in the development of the Google search platform from the beginning, and it continues to do so as the system grows and evolves. Many information retrieval techniques used by packages such as SPSS were initially developed by Data Distilleries,

1200-538: The early 2000s) is a high-performance, parallel data processing engine optimized for ETL, data transformation, and analytics. It efficiently manages large datasets with multi-core processing, making it ideal for both individual machines and clusters. It leverages a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) engine with a Java API and no dependency to MapReduce , thus avoiding its pitfalls, while enabling efficient parallel processing and reducing memory usage. It integrates with Hadoop environments and supports analytics at scale, making it

1248-604: The first two connections outside the United States to the NSFNET (shortly after France's INRIA ) for EUnet on 17 November 1988. The first Dutch country code top-level domain issued was cwi.nl. When this domain cwi.nl was registered, on 1 May 1986, .nl effectively became the first active ccTLD outside the United States . For the first ten years CWI, or rather Beertema, managed the .nl administration, until in 1996 this task

1296-528: The founder of computer science (or informatica ) in the Netherlands, was the director of the institute for almost 20 years. Edsger Dijkstra did most of his early influential work on algorithms and formal methods at CWI. The first Dutch computers, the Electrologica X1 and Electrologica X8 , were both designed at the centre, and Electrologica was created as a spinoff to manufacture the machines. In 1983,

1344-451: The marketing of this product line, thus making 6.0 its last release and Actian Data Platform's Cloud Data Warehouse service the only MPP implementation of Vector available. Centrum Wiskunde %26 Informatica The Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (abbr. CWI ; English: "National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science") is a research centre in the field of mathematics and theoretical computer science . It

1392-468: The marketing phrase "action apps". CEO Steve Shine said the new focus would be on lower-cost sales for its cloud action platform. In February 2014, Forbes.com listed Actian at #5 in its "Top 10 Big Data Pure-Plays 2014" citing $ 138 million in Actian revenue for 2013. In August, 2016, it was reported that Actian had phased out its products promoted for big data, including the former ParAccel, VectorWise, and DataFlow technology. On November 1, 2016, Shine

1440-426: The name of the institute was changed to Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) to reflect a governmental push for emphasizing computer science research in the Netherlands. The institute is known for its work in fields such as operations research , software engineering , information processing, and mathematical applications in life sciences and logistics . More recent examples of research results from CWI include

1488-622: The product name was shortened to "Vector". In June 2014, Actian Vortex was announced as a clustered massive parallel processing version of Vector, in Hadoop with storage in HDFS . Actian Vortex was later renamed to Actian Vector in Hadoop. The basic architecture and design principles of the X100 engine of the VectorWise database were well described in two Phd theses of VectorWise founders Marcin Żukowski: "Balancing Vectorized Query Execution with Bandwidth-Optimized Storage" and Sandor Héman: "Updating Compressed Column Stores", under supervision of another founder, professor Peter Boncz . The X100 engine

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1536-427: The project team had made great progress in implementing the ideas contained in the paper over the previous 10 years. The central premise of the paper is that traditional relational database systems were designed in the late 1970s and early 1980s during a time when database performance was dictated by the time required to read from and write data to hard disk. At that time available CPU was relatively slow and main memory

1584-400: The same operation on multiple data simultaneously and exploit data level parallelism on modern hardware. It also reduces overheads found in traditional "row-at-a-time processing" found in most RDBMSes. The database storage is in a compressed column-oriented format, with scan-optimised buffer manager. In Actian Vortex in HDFS the same proprietary format is used. Loading big amounts of data

1632-409: The stable storage in bulk made it possible to work in a filesystem like HDFS, in which files are append-only. A comparative Transaction Processing Performance Council TPC-H performance test of MonetDB carried out by its original creator at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in 2003 showed room for improvement in its performance as an analytical database. As a result, CWI researchers proposed

1680-491: The work of its researchers at the disposal of society, mainly by collaborating with commercial companies and creating spin-off businesses. In 2000 CWI established "CWI Incubator BV", a dedicated company with the aim to generate high tech spin-off companies. Some of the CWI spinoffs include: 52°21′23″N 4°57′07″E  /  52.35639°N 4.95194°E  / 52.35639; 4.95194 Ingres Corporation Actian

1728-518: Was a California -based software company that developed a database management system designed to provide advanced analytics for business intelligence . It was acquired by Actian in April 2013. Analysts expected Actian to market ParAccel for larger databases, and VectorWise for moderately sized applications. Pervasive Software was a company that developed software including database management systems and extract, transform and load tools. Pervasive PSQL relational database management system

1776-466: Was integrated with Ingres SQL front-end, allowing the database to use the Ingres SQL syntax, and Ingres set of client and database administration tools. The query execution architecture makes use of "Vectorized Query Execution" — processing in chunks of cache -fitting vectors of data. This allows to involve the principles of vector processing and single instruction, multiple data (SIMD)— to perform

1824-577: Was its primary data storage product. In December 2003 Pervasive acquired Data Junction Corporation, a privately held company with headquarters also in Austin which produced data and application integration tools renamed Pervasive Data Integrator and later DataConnect, for about US$ 51.7 million in cash and stock shares. In 2013, Pervasive Software was acquired by Actian Corporation for $ 161.9 million, increased from an initial offer of $ 154 million. In August 2024, HCLSoftware announced its intent to acquire

1872-647: Was later renamed to Actian Vector in Hadoop, and non-clustered Actian Vector releases are also updated to match. In March 2015 Actian Vector 4 was released, and Actian Vector in Hadoop 4 was released in December 2015. In March 2019, Actian Avalanche was released as a cloud data platform, with Vector as the core engine for the Warehouse offering. In November 2023, Actian rebranded and relaunched Avalanche as Actian Data Platform, including new capabilities for Data Quality. In 2024, Actian decided to withdraw End of Obsolescence Support for Actian Vector in Hadoop, after discontinuing

1920-471: Was named CEO, after serving as Chief Revenue and Operations Officer since 2019. Vectorwise originated from the X100 research project carried out within the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI, the Dutch National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science) between 2003 and 2008. It was spun off as a start-up company in 2008, and acquired by Ingres Corporation in 2011. It was released as

1968-525: Was one of the largest DBMS companies. RTI was renamed Ingres Corporation late in 1989. ASK Computer Systems announced in September 1990 a deal in which ASK would acquire Ingres, funded partially by investments from Hewlett-Packard and Electronic Data Systems . The deal met resistance from a shareholder, but did complete by November 1990. Computer Associates (CA) acquired the ASK Group in 1994. Despite

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2016-759: Was originally called Mathematical Centre (in Dutch: Mathematisch Centrum ). One early mission was to develop mathematical prediction models to assist large Dutch engineering projects, such as the Delta Works . During this early period, the Mathematics Institute also helped with designing the wings of the Fokker F27 Friendship airplane, voted in 2006 as the most beautiful Dutch design of the 20th century. The computer science component developed soon after. Adriaan van Wijngaarden , considered

2064-421: Was relatively small, so that very little data could be loaded into memory at a time. Over time hardware improved, with CPU speed and memory size doubling roughly every two years in accordance with Moore’s law , but that the design of traditional relational database systems had not adapted. The CWI research team described improvements in database code and data structures to make best use of modern hardware. In 2008

2112-414: Was released, publishing record breaking results on TPC-H 100 GB, 300 GB and 1 TB non-clustered benchmark. In December 2011, VectorWise 2.0 was released with new SQL support for analytical functions such as rank and percentile and enhanced date, time and timestamp datatypes, and support for disk spilling in hash joins and aggregation. In June 2012, VectorWise 2.5 was released. In this release storage format

2160-601: Was released, with a new rebranded and shortened name. New features included support for partitioned tables, improved disk spilling, online backup capabilities and improved SQL support - e.g. MERGE/UPSERT DML operations and FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE window aggregation functions. In June 2014, at Hadoop Summit 2014 in San Jose, Actian announced Actian Vortex — clustered MPP version of Vector, with same level of SQL support working in Hadoop with storage directly in HDFS. Actian Vortex

2208-556: Was reorganized to allow storing the database in multiple location, the background update propagation mechanism from PDTs to stable storage was enhanced to allow rewriting only the changed blocks instead of full rewrites, and a new patented Predictive Buffer Manager (PBM) was introduced. In March 2013, VectorWise 3.0 was released. New features included more efficient storage engine, support for more data types and analytical SQL functions, enhanced DDL features, and improved monitoring and profiling accessibility. In March 2014, Actian Vector 3.5

2256-747: Was replaced as chief executive by Rohit De Souza. A new chief financial officer and executive chairman were also appointed. In April, 2017, several products were renamed, including the combination of Ingres and the former Vector product into one product, Actian X, with new features. Actian released a product called Avalanche in March 2019 for use on the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud. In November 2023, Actian rebranded and relaunched Avalanche as Actian Data Platform, including new capabilities for Data Quality. Lewis Black (previously chief financial officer ) took over as CEO in 2020. In January 2023, Marc Potter

2304-454: Was transferred to its spin-off SIDN. The Amsterdam Internet Exchange (one of the largest Internet Exchanges in the world, in terms of both members and throughput traffic) is located at the neighbouring SARA (an early CWI spin-off) and Nikhef institutes. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) office for the Benelux countries is located at CWI. CWI has demonstrated a continuing effort to put

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