37-578: Varendra rebel victory The Varendra rebellion (also known as the Kaivarta revolt ) was the revolt against King Mahipala II led by Kaivarta chieftain Divya (Dibyak), a feudal lord of Northern Bengal . The Kaivartas were able to capture Varendra by this rebellion. The revolt might have been the first peasant revolt in Indian history. However, the first phase of the revolt would more appropriately be described as
74-704: A UNESCO World Heritage Site . Kusumba Mosque is on the west bank of the Atrai River in Manda Upazila. It was built in 1558-59 during the period of Afgan rule in Bengal by a high-ranking official named Sulaiman. It was constructed in a Bengal style. Jagaddala Mahavihara (fl. late 11th century-mid-12th century) was a Buddhist monastery and seat of learning in Varendra, a geographical unit in present north Bengal in Bangladesh. It
111-547: A class of landholders. Furui further noted there might also be a diverse social group in Varendra labelled as "Kaivarta". The Kaivartas acquired the position of subordinate rulers through their association with the Pāla kings in the forms of military or other services and the appointment to administrative positions. On the other hand, Historians Vishweshwar Chakraborty and HS Kotiyal opined that Pala kings and rebel Samanta leaders both were Kaivartas or Mahishyas. SP Lahiry argued that Divya
148-408: A grant of Gopāla II as one of the lowest categories of rural residents. There are reference to vṛttis of Kaivartas like Osinnakaivartavṛtti, Uddhannakaivartavṛttivahikala, in the copperplates of Mahīpāla I and Vigrahapāla III . According to Ryosuke Furui, these vṛttis or lands, given for livelihoods or some services, connote their settling in agrarian frontier and the growth of some section to
185-486: A literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 72.24%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 97.58 males per 100 females. Approximately, 14.97% (416,809) of the population live in urban areas. Muslims make up 86.88% of the population, while Hindus are 11.54% and Christians 0.77% of the population respectively. Other religions are 0.81% of the population. Population of Naogaon district by ethnicity (2022) As of 2022, ethnic minorities are 107,312 (3.85%). This
222-548: A rebellion of feudal lords ( samantas ), who would have mobilized the peasants, and the last phase of the revolt was a spontaneous mass uprising. In the early ancient period the Kaivartas were rated low, associated with boatmen, fishermen, or else forest-settlers hunters and raiders like the Niṣāda or even the dāsas, or were described as a mixed caste—sankīrṇa jāti, or as antyajas. The Vaṃśānucarita of
259-564: Is a small village 5 km west of Jamalganj in the Naogaon district where the remains of the Somapura Mahavihara monastery have been excavated. This 7th-century archaeological find covers an area of approximately 27 acres (110,000 m ) of land. The entire establishment, occupying a quadrangular court, measures more than 900 ft (270 m) and is from 12 to 15 ft (3.7 to 4.6 m) in height. With an elaborate gateway complex on
296-511: Is now well settled. One of the ancient and historic places of Naogaon District is Dibar Dighi . It is situated on the side of village Dibar, in Dibar Union of Patnitala Upazila. Secretary of District Council: ATM Abdullahel Baki Chairman of District Council: AKM Fozley Rabbi Deputy Commissioner (DC): Khalid Mehdi Hasan, PAA Superintendent of Police (SP): Md. Iqbal Hossain The district
333-403: Is said to have performed many humanitarian and religious activities in the form of excavation of tanks, construction of temples, monasteries, palaces and bridges etc. Divya, Rudok and Bhima ruled Varendra for around half a century. Divya held very high royal office, presumably commander-in-chief of royal army. The rebels responded to his call and were easily able to capture Varendra. Mahipala II
370-442: Is under cultivation. The soil of the area is a fertile inorganic clay called loam . The total population of the area is about 28 lac , and most of the people of the district are farmers. The literacy rate is 72.14%. Crops grown in the district include paddy , mango , jute , wheat , maize , sugar cane , potatoes , pulses , oil seeds , brinjal , onions , and garlic . The total production of paddy and wheat in 2009-2010
407-768: The Ramacharitam , which places it between the Ganges and Karatoya rivers. He writes, "Its inclusion with Pundravardhana is proved by the Silimpur, Tarpandighi and Madhainagar inscriptions. The Tabaquat-i-nasiri mentions Barind as the wing of the territory of Lakhnawati on the eastern side of Ganges". Historical evidence attests significant presence of Brahmins in Bengal during the Maurya period. The Jain Acharya Bhadrabahu , regarded to be
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#1732855724130444-582: The Gupta dynasty originated from the Varendra region. According to the Khalimpur copper plate inscription, the first Pala Emperor Gopala was the son of a warrior named Vapyata. The Ramacharitam attests that Varendra (North Bengal) was the fatherland ( Janakabhu ) of the Palas. Naogaon District Naogaon District ( Bengali : নওগাঁ , romanized : Nôugã ) is a district in northern Bangladesh , part of
481-539: The Rajshahi Division . It is named after its headquarters, the city of Naogaon in Naogaon Sadar Upazila . According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh , Naogaon District has 765,457 households and a population of 2,784,599 with an average 3.59 people per household. Among the population, 436,445 (15.67%) inhabitants are under 10 years of age. The population density is 810 people per km . Naogaon District has
518-462: The Viṣṇu ; Purāṇa mentioned that a king of Magadha , having overthrown the traditionally accepted kṣatriyas would create new category of kṣatriyas. Romila Thapar notes that the list of other varṇas converted to Kṣatriya status through this process includes the Kaivarta. The Sultanpur copperplate inscription of the 5th century brings to light the presence of Kaivartaśarman in
555-662: The Atrai railway station and 26 kilometers from the district town. The headquarters of the Tagore family's zamindari in Kaligram Pargana was located at Patisar. Dwarkanath Tagore, the grandfather of Rabindranath Tagore , purchased this zamindari in 1830. Rabindranath Tagore first came to Patisar in January 1891. The architectural design of the two-storied Kuthibari of Patisar is similar to that of Shilaidaha -Shahjadpur. The buildings, adjacent to
592-555: The Buddhist Mahasiddhas inspired them to revolt. Romila Thapar mentioned that the rebels were associated with Buddhist and Tantric sects - Vajrayana which was popular then in the region. The rebels, who confiscated granted (agrahara) lands to Brahmins, were probably unhappy with royal patronage of Brahmins and brahminical institutions' growing influences on subordinate rulers and in rural society. Ram Sharan Sharma described that Bhima had popular support of masses, but
629-453: The Kaivartas; He also had to adopt mild taxation to appease the peasants. Ryosuke Furui noted: Kaivarta rebellion...was a critical event in the early history of Bengal. It temporarily ousted the Palas from their ancestral territory of Varendra and decisively weakened their control over subordinate rulers. It also paved the way for their fall in the hands of another power, the Senas, who rose after
666-702: The Rajshahi Government College. He founded Dubalhati Raja Horonuth High School, only the second high school in the Rajshahi Division , in 1864. He had many wells and dhighis (small lakes) dug for providing drinking and irrigation water and provided food to the populace during the famine of 1874. This raj bari was destroyed during the Hindu Muslim riots in 1946. The members of this family include Krinkari Ray Choudhary (son of Horonath Ray Bahadur who died in 1949). The Roy Choudhary family still prevails in Kolkata and
703-483: The area. The excavated findings have also been preserved at the Varendra Research Museum at Rajshahi . The antiquities of the museum include terracotta plaques, images of different gods and goddesses, pottery, coin inscriptions, ornamental bricks, and other minor clay objects. Nine miles west-southwest of Somapura Mahavihara is the archaeological site of Halud Vihara , which has been tentatively listed as
740-433: The center of the road for providing travelers with water. A feature of Dubalhati is the "Raja's Mansion" ( Jomidar Bari or Rajbari ). The house has two parts; the main part, Darbar Hall, is residential and used for holding seminars, while the other part, Natto Shalla, is for prayers. The rajbari is a three-story building standing on wide and long masonry slender spiral columns. There are four large dighi (small lakes) around
777-483: The development of agriculture, handloom, and pottery. In 1921, when the zamindari was divided, Patisar was included in Tagore's share. When the poet was awarded the Nobel Prize , the tenants of Patisar gave him an address of honor (1913). On the request of his tenants, Tagore visited Patisar in 1937 for the last time on the occasion of Punya. Every year many devotees of Tagore come from home and abroad to visit Patisar. On
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#1732855724130814-660: The districts of Bogra , Rajshahi , Pabna and Dinajpur of Bangladesh and West Dinajpur and Malda of India. According to Cunningham, the boundary of Varendra was the Ganges and the Kosi river on the west, the Karatoya on the east, the Padma River on the south and the land between Cooch Behar and included the Terai According to R. C. Majumdar , the term Varendra-mandala occurs in
851-536: The event. Varendra Varendra ( Bengali : বরেন্দ্র ), also known as Barind (Bengali: বারিন্দ ), was an ancient and historical territory of Northern Bengal , now mostly in Bangladesh and a little portion in the Indian state of West Bengal and Eastern Bihar . It formed part of the Pundravardhana or Pundra Kingdom region currently part of Rangpur and Rajshahi Divisions of Bangladesh and included
888-573: The interests of peasants who happened to be his kith and kin. Dibyak Jayastambha or Kaivarta pillar is still standing in Naogaon District of Bangladesh as a sign of the dynasty. Bhima's Dyeing , Bhima's Jangal , Bhima Sagar , Bhima's Panti etc. in Varendra still bear his memory. According to Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya , the Kaivarta rebellion is associated with the Siddha movement. The story of
925-589: The local assembly (adhikaraṇa) as a member of Kuṭumbin (peasant landholders) in Gupta Bengal. Swapna Bhattacharya notes that in Varendra Kaivartas were represented not only as fishermen and cultivators, but Brahmins as well. R. C. Majumdar and RS Sharma mentioned the merger of this tribe or clan with Aryan or Brahmanical society and later getting affiliated with Mahishya , an offspring of Kshatriya father and Vaishya mother. The name of Kaivartas appeared in
962-483: The main mansion, are now reduced to ruins. A pond, named Rabindrasarobar, is now a silted-up marsh. During his stay at Patisar, Tagore composed various poems, stories, novels, essays, and the verse-play Biday Abhishap . He also established many primary schools, a school named Rathindranath High School, charitable dispensaries, and Patisar Krishi Bank (1905). He introduced tractors in Patisar and formed cooperative societies for
999-415: The north, there are 45 cells on the north and 44 on each of the other three sides, for a total number of 177 rooms. The architecture of the pyramidal cruciform temple is influenced by those of South-East Asia, especially Myanmar and Java . It takes its name from a high mound, which looked like a pahar , or hillock. A site museum built recently houses the representative collection of objects recovered from
1036-461: The occasions of Tagore's birth and death anniversaries, the Government arranges and gives all facilities to make discussion meetings and cultural functions that are held at Patisar. Dubalhati is an ancient site in the southwestern part of the district. The road to Dubalhati passes through the wide body of water known as “Dighli beel” (a beel is a large shallow lake or marsh). There is a large well in
1073-449: The preceptor of Chandragupta Maurya , is said to have been born in Brahmin family of Pundravardhana (or Puṇḍra , the region north of the Ganges and west of Brahmaputra in Bengal, later known as Vārendra). Such evidences suggest Puṇḍra or Vārendra and regions west of Bhagirathi (called Radha in ancient age) to be seats of Brahmins from ancient times. According to HC Raychoudhuri,
1110-429: The samantas did not support him as the rebels were inspired by egalitarian spirit. Ramapala had to beg the supports of independent chiefs and donate them profusely in land and cash. Bhima's ill-equipped and untrained army of peasants and commoners were no match for the consolidated army of Palas, Rashtrakutas and more than a dozen samantas. After regaining Varendra Ramapala built temples of Bhavani and Shiva to pacify
1147-551: The site. The rajbari was first built by Raja Horandro Ray Choudhory during the Pala Dynasty (781–1124). About 53 rajas have held the title, beginning with Jogotram, and ending with Haranath Ray Bahadur II in the 1940s. Raja Horonath Ray Bahadur I was notable for his construction of schools in the Rajshahi and Naogaon districts, including Natto Shala, Baganbari, Dubalhati High school, Naogaon K.D. School. He contributed sums of money to
Varendra rebellion - Misplaced Pages Continue
1184-559: Was 13,58,432 metric tons(about 39% in our growth economy), including a surplus of 8,26,835 metric tons. Today it is the top listed district in the side of rice production and has the highest number of rice processing mills of any district. Naogaon is now the country's prime hub for mango harvest. Statistics from Bangladesh's Department of Agricultural Extension show that Naogaon alone produced over 3.33 lakh tonnes mango in fiscal 2017–18, far more than Chapainawabganj's production of 2.74 lakh tonnes and Rajshahi's 2.13 lakh tonnes. Paharpur
1221-529: Was a powerful ruler and invaded Ramapala's dominion. He left a peaceful kingdom to his Brother Rudok, but nothing is known of him. Rudok was succeeded by his son Bhima, who successfully ruled the region for 30 years. After becoming the master of Varendri, Bhima, a popular king who is remembered still, reinforced the already well-established Kaivarta power. Bhima made the war-torn Varendra prosper. Bhima dispossessed Brahmanical and other religious agents from their lands, which were granted by Pala kings. He prioritised
1258-463: Was founded by the later kings of the Pāla dynasty, probably Ramapala (c. 1077–1120), likely at a site near the present village of Jagddal in Dhamoirhat Upazila in northwest Bangladesh on the border with India. It is tentatively listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site. Patisar village is associated with Rabindranath Tagore. It is situated on the banks of the river Nagor, 12 kilometers south-east of
1295-403: Was from the family of Yasodāsa who was the prime minister in royal court of Rajyapala . This dāsa dynasty of cāsi Kaivarta clan, of which Yasodāsa's ancestors Malhadāsa, Suradāsa, and Sanghadāsa were important members, were known for their wealth and prowess. When Yasodas was the prime minister, the king commanded allegiance with Anga, Vanga, Kalinga, Suhma, Pandya, Karnata, Gurjara etc. Yasodasa
1332-515: Was killed by the rebels and the Pala armies were forced to fall back. As a result, Varendra was declared a separate state by Divya. During his rule Jatavarman of Varman Dynasty in Vanga attacked Varendra with a hostility towards Buddhism. Though Divya did not suffer any loss, a part of Buddhist monastery of Somapura was destroyed by fire set by Jatavarman's army. Divya consolidated his position in Varendra. He
1369-483: Was the largest ethnic minority population in Bangladesh outside the Chittagong Hill Tracts . Of these 33,198 are Oraon , 25,194 Munda , 18,903 Santal and 11,918 Barman . Today Naogaon District is considered the bread basket of Bangladesh. It is in the central part of the historical Varendra region of Bengal , with an area of about 3,435.67 square kilometres (1,326.52 sq mi), about 80% of which
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