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38-561: A palm-leaf manuscript was discovered by Haraprasad Shastri from Nepal and published in 1910 by the Asiatic Society , Kolkata . Translations in English and Bangla were published in 1939 and 1953, respectively. Sandhyakar Nandi was patronaged by Madanapala and his biographical details are retrieved from the Kaviprashasti (of 20 couplets) appended at the end. Nandi hailed from Brihadbatu,

76-560: A 1916 paper titled "হাজার বছরের পুরোনো বাংলা ভাষায় রচিত বৌদ্ধ গান ও দোঁহা” (Hajar bochhorer purono Bangla bhasay rochito Bouddho gan o doha) meaning "Buddhist songs and verses written in Bengali a thousand years ago". Shastri was the collector and publisher of many other old works, author of many research articles, a noted historiographer, and recipient of a number of awards and titles. Some of his notable works were: Balmikir jai , Meghdoot byakshya , Beneyer Meye ( The Merchant's Daughter ,

114-401: A convenient means of transport. NH 12 connects the district with northern and southern region of the state and its sub road NH 112 connect the district headquarter Barasat with the border town Bangaon and Petrapole , the largest land port of India. According to the 2011 census North 24 Parganas district has a population of 10,009,781, roughly equal to the nation of Bolivia or

152-734: A novel), Kancanmala (novel), Sachitra Ramayan , Prachin Banglar Gourab , and Bouddha dharma . His English works include: Magadhan Literature , Sanskrit Culture in Modern India , and Discovery of Living Buddhism in Bengal . He also discovered an old palm-leaf manuscript of Skanda Purana in a Kathmandu library in Nepal, written in Gupta script . North 24 Parganas North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N) ) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas

190-525: A rebellion by a local samanta , strategically timed to the weakening of Pala authority whilst Ram Sharan Sharma took it to be a peasant rebellion against feudal suppression. It is argued that the Dibar Dighi (incl. the Kaivarta Stambha) were commissioned to commemorate Divya's victory. Ryosuke Furui noted: Kaivarta rebellion...was a critical event in the early history of Bengal. It temporarily ousted

228-568: A village close to Pundravardhana , and was the son of Prajapati Nandi, who was the Sandhi-Vigrahika (minister of peace and war) of Ramapala . The poem, in four cantos, details the historical events in Bengal from the assassination of the Pala emperor Mahipala II by Divya, a rebel Kaivarta ( Mahishya ) samanta up to the reign of Madanapala in 215 verses, employing double entendre . The central theme

266-403: Is a district in southern West Bengal , of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the tropical zone from latitude 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and from longitude 88º20' east to 89º5' east. Barasat is the district headquarters of North 24 Parganas. North 24 Parganas is West Bengal's most populous district and also (since 2014) the most populated district in the whole of India. It

304-528: Is about 3.2 Bighas. North 24 Parganas is one of the economically developed districts of West Bengal , but there is chronic poverty in the southern half of the district (the Sundarbans area). The information technology hub of Kolkata is at this district, which is the centre of some of the notable IT/ ITES Indian and multinational companies. Approximately 1,500 companies have their offices in Sector V. Majority of

342-469: Is at Dum Dum (previously known as Dum Dum Airport) in North 24 Parganas , is the only airport serving the city Kolkata . It operates both domestic and international flights. It is a gateway to North-East India, Bangkok, and Bangladesh. The number of people using the airport has consistently increased over the last few years. The road network is fairly well developed. Sparsed across by state-highways, it provides

380-504: Is for Jagatdhatri puja , Berachampa is for Basanti puja etc. The electrified suburban rail network of the ER is extensive and penetrates far and deep into the neighbouring districts of Kolkata , South 24 Parganas , Nadia , Howrah , Hooghly etc. The Circular Rail encircles the entire city of Kolkata, and also used to provide an offshoot to connect the Dum Dum Airport, but now it

418-652: Is known as '24 Parganas'. In 1751, the Company assigned John Zephaniah Holwell as zemindar of the District. In 1759, after the Bengali War of 1756–1757, the Company assigned it to Lord Clive as a personal Jaghir (zamindari) and after his death it again came under the direct authority of the company. In 1793, during the rule of Lord Cornwallis , entire Sunderbans were in Twentyfour Parganas. In 1802, some parganas on

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456-588: Is limited up to Dum Dum Cantonment. Jessore Road and Biman Bandar railway stations are closed for the construction work of Noapara–Dum Dum Airport–Barasat Metro rail ( Kolkata Metro Line 4 ). Metro rail is also a transport medium of this district's people. Four stations of Kolkata Metro Line 1 are located here, Dum Dum metro station at Dum Dum , Baranagar metro station at Baranagar , Dakshineswar metro station at Dakshineswar and Noapara metro station at Noapara , Baranagar . The Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport ( IATA code: CCU ), which

494-838: Is most known for discovering the Charyapada , the earliest known examples of Bengali literature. Hara Prasad Shastri was born in Kumira village in Khulna district , Bengal (now in Bangladesh) to a family that hailed from Naihati in North 24 Parganas of the present day West Bengal . The family name was Bhattacharya, a common Bengali Brahmin surname. Shastri studied at the village school initially and then at Sanskrit College and Presidency College in Calcutta (now Kolkata). While in Calcutta, he stayed with

532-425: Is the loss and subsequent recovery of Varendra. The first and second cantos of the text describes, what has been since called "Varendra rebellion". In an asymmetrical battle between Mahipala II and a group of samantas (led by Divya, a Kaivarta ), the former was defeated and his relatives imprisoned. Whilst the causes of the battle are not discussed, the defeat is blamed on Mahipala's poor strategy of war set against

570-764: Is the tenth-largest district in the State by area. The territory of Greater 24 Parganas were under the Satgaon (ancient Saptagram, now in Hoogly district) administration during the Mughal era and later it was included in Hoogly chakla (district under post-Mughal Nawabi rule) during the rule of Murshid Quli Khan . In 1757, after the Battle of Plassey , Nawab Mir Jafar conferred the Zamindari of 24 parganas and janglimahals (small administrative units) upon

608-848: The Bidhannagar Municipal Corporation . As per order of the Delimitation Commission in respect of the delimitation of constituencies in the West Bengal, the district is divided into 33 assembly constituencies: This district is rich in culture. Many famous places like Dakshineswar Kali Temple , Baranagar Math (first monastery of Ramakrishna Order) are situated in this district. Many places of this district are famous for festivals – Helencha , Maslandapur , Habra , Barrackpore , Barasat , Naihati and Madhyamgram are for Kali puja , Bangaon , Gobardanga , Baranagar , Basirhat are for Durga Puja , Ashoknagar Kalyangarh

646-523: The Asiatic Society , and was its president for two years. He was also President of Bangiya Sahitya Parishad for twelve years and was an honorary member of the Royal Asiatic Society in London. Shastri's first research article was "Bharat mahila", published in the periodical Bangadarshan when he was a student. Later, Shastri became a regular contributor to the periodical, which was then edited by

684-632: The British East India Company . These Parganas are: 1. Akbarpur, 2. Amirpur, 3. Asimabad, 4. Balia, 5. Baridhati, 6. Basandhari, 7. Birati, 8. Calcutta, 9. Dakshin Sagar, 10. Garh, 11. Hathiagarh, 12. Ikhtiarpur, 13. Kharijuri, 14. Khaspur, 15. Maidanmal or Mednimall, 16. Magura, 17. Mayda, 18. Manpur, 19. Murnagacha, 20. Paika, 21. Pechakul, 22. Satal, 23. Shahnagar, 24. Shahpur, and 25. Uttar Pargana (O'Mally, L.S.S. (1914) Bengal District Gazetteers: 24 Parganas. Page 44). Since then, this entire territory

722-491: The 1947 partition. In 1980, an administrative reform committee under the chairmanship of Dr. Ashok Mitra suggested splitting the district into two and as per the recommendation of the committee in 1983, on 1 March 1986, two new districts – North 24 Parganas (24 PGS (N)) and South 24 Parganas (24 PGS (S)) were created. The North 24 Parganas which was included in the Presidency division has been formed with five sub-divisions of

760-562: The Catalogue contains invaluable information on the history of Sanskrit literature . Shastri gradually became interested in collecting old Bengali manuscripts and ended up visiting Nepal several times, where, in 1907, he discovered the Charyageeti or Charyapada manuscripts. His painstaking research on the manuscript led to the establishment of Charyapada as the earliest known evidence of Bengali language. Shastri wrote about this finding in

798-528: The Durbar Library, Nepal (Calcutta 1905) with a historical introduction by Cecil Bendall (including the description of Gopal Raj Vamshavali ). He became Principal of Sanskrit College in 1900, leaving in 1908 to join the government's Bureau of Information. From 1921 to 1924, he was Professor and Head of the Department of Bengali and Sanskrit at Dhaka University . Shastri held different positions within

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836-544: The Greater 24 Parganas, namely Barasat Sadar (Headquarters), Barrackpore , Basirhat , Bangaon , and Bidhannagar (a satellite township of Kolkata, popularly known as Salt Lake). On 1 August 2022, the Chief Minister of West Bengal Mamata Banerjee announced to create two more districts named Ichamati district consisting of Bangaon subdivision and a yet unnamed district consisting of Basirhat subdivision by bifurcating

874-585: The Palas from their ancestral territory of Varendra and decisively weakened their control over subordinate rulers. It also paved the way for their fall in the hands of another power, the Senas , who rose after the event. Haraprasad Shastri Hara Prasad Shastri ( Bengali : হরপ্রসাদ শাস্ত্রী ; 6 December 1853 – 17 November 1931), also known as Hara Prasad Bhattacharya , was an Indian academic, Sanskrit scholar, archivist , and historian of Bengali literature . He

912-659: The Rashtrakutas of Anga, maternal uncle Mahana, and nephew Sivarajadeva. Sivarajadeva would executed the first raid on the Kaivartas , destroying their defensive arrangements. This was followed by the main battle where Ramapala's army —cavalry, infantry, boat-units and elephant-men along with those of Samantas'— met Bhima's forces. In what is described as a battle of equals, Bhima was defeated yet treated with honor by Vittapala, Ramapala's son. Bhima however seem to have fled soon, for he enlarged his army by inducting untrained subjects from

950-636: The US state of Michigan . This gave it a ranking of second in India (out of a total of 640 ) and first in its state. However, in 2014 the Thane district (in Maharashtra ), which had been ranked first in India in 2011, was divided into two, thus promoting North 24 Parganas District to first in India. The district has a population density of 2,463 inhabitants per square kilometre (6,380/sq mi). Its population growth rate over

988-746: The corporate offices are situated in Sector V and Sector III. Around 3.5 Lakh (by 2017) people are employed in Salt Lake City . The district comprises five subdivisions: Barrackpore, Barasat Sadar, Basirhat, Bangaon and Bidhannagar. Barasat is the district headquarters. There are 35 police stations, 22 development blocks, 27 municipalities, 200 gram panchayats and 1599 villages in this district. Other than municipality area, each subdivision contains community development blocks which in turn are divided into rural areas and census towns. In total there are 48 urban units: 27 municipalities and 20 census towns and 1 cantonment board. This subdivision consists of

1026-409: The decade 2001–2011 was 12.86%. North Twenty Four Parganas has a sex ratio of 949 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 84.95%. 57.28% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 21.67% and 2.64% of the population respectively. Hinduism is the main religion in the district, and especially dominates urban areas where they are nearly 90% of

1064-625: The district for better development and smooth administration purpose. The district lies within the Ganga – Brahmaputra delta. The major distributary of river Ganga that is river Hooghly flows along the western border of the district. There are many other distributary branches, sub-branches of Ganga river and other local rivers, which include the Ichhamati , Jamuna , and Bidyadhari . People are mainly engaged in farming, fishing and other agricultural activities. The average size of agricultural landholdings

1102-488: The explicit advice of councilors. Varendra was ceded away from Palas, and the House of Kaivartas were established for around half a century. Divya was succeeded by his nephew, Bhima. In the meanwhile, Ramapala, a brother of Mahipala fled Varendra and assumed the remnants of Pala throne. Wishing to reclaim lost territories, he traveled around the kingdom purchasing assistance from Samantas. Among these samantas were his kinsmen from

1140-492: The lower rungs of society and confronted Ramapala again. This turned out to be a one sided catastrophe with Bhima's men getting marauded; Bhima was captured and executed, after being made to witness the death of his own kinsmen. Though biased in favour of Ramapala, the work remains the only literary source for middle-late Pala history including Varendra Rebellion. The cause of the war between Dibyak and Mahipala II however can not be ascertained — R. C. Majumdar interpreted it to be

1178-487: The noted Bengali author Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay , authoring around thirty articles on different topics, as well as novel reviews. He was first introduced to research by Rajendralal Mitra , a noted Indologist . Due to his ailing health, Mitra asked him for help working on The Sanskrit Buddhist Literature of Nepal , where Shastri translated descriptions of manuscripts — written by paṇḍits in Sanskrit — into English. Shastri

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1216-415: The noted Bengali scholar and social reformer Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar , who was a friend of Shastri's older brother Nandakumar Nyayachunchu . Shastri passed entrance (school-leaving) examination in 1871, First Arts , the undergraduate degree, in 1873, received a BA in 1876, and Honours in Sanskrit in 1877. Later, he was conferred the title of Shastri when he received a MA degree. The Shastri title

1254-407: The population. Most Muslims are rural, and in the rural areas Hindus and Muslims are in equal proportions. In Bongaon and Sandeshkhali regions, Hindus, mainly descendants of refugees from present-day Bangladesh, dominate the rural population. But in the rest of the district, Muslims dominate the rural population. Languages of North 24 Parganas district (2011) According to the 2011 census, 88.91% of

1292-532: The western banks of river Hoogly were included into it. These parganas were in Nadia earlier. In 1814, a separate collectorate was established in Twenty-four Parganas. In 1817, Falta and Baranagar and in 1820, some portions of Nadia's Balanda and Anwarpur were encompassed to it. In 1824, portions of Barasat , Khulna and Bakhargunge (now in Bangladesh) were also included to it. In 1824, the district headquarters

1330-557: Was also Mitra's assistant at the Asiatic Society, and became Director of Operations in Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts after Mitra's death, continuing his work on the Notices of Sanskrit MSS beginning with volume X. Shastri was instrumental in preparing the Catalogue of the Asiatic Society's approximately ten thousand manuscripts with the assistance of a few others. The long introduction to

1368-536: Was conferred on those who secured a first class (highest grade) and he was the only student in his batch (class) to do so. He then joined Hare School as a teacher in 1878. Shastri held numerous positions. He became a professor at the Sanskrit College in 1883. At the same time, he worked as an Assistant Translator with the Bengal government. Between 1886 and 1894, besides teaching at the Sanskrit College, he

1406-520: Was shifted from Kolkata to Baruipur, but in 1828, it was removed to Alipore . In 1834, the district was split into two districts – Alipore and Barasat , but later these were united again. In 1905, some portion of this district around the Sunderbans was detached and linked to Khulna and Barishal. These parts remained in Bangladesh territories where Jessore's Bangaon was joined to Twentyfour Pargana after

1444-650: Was the Librarian of the Bengal Library. In 1895, he headed the Sanskrit department at Presidency College . During the winter 1898–99, he assisted Dr. Cecil Bendall during research in Nepal, collecting information from the private Durbar Library of the Rana Prime Minister Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana , and the total registration of manuscripts was later published as A Catalogue of Palm-Leaf and selected Paper Manuscripts belonging to

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