124-515: The Upper East Side , sometimes abbreviated UES , is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City , bounded approximately by 96th Street to the north, the East River to the east, 59th Street to the south, and Central Park and Fifth Avenue to the west. The area incorporates several smaller neighborhoods, including Lenox Hill , Carnegie Hill , and Yorkville . Once known as
248-717: A tribal jurisdictional area in Caddo County, Oklahoma , that they share with the Caddo Nation and Wichita and Affiliated Tribes . The Unami and Munsee languages belong to the Eastern Algonquian language group and are largely mutually intelligible . Moravian missionary John Heckewelder wrote that Munsee and Unami "came out of one parent language." Only a few Delaware First Nation elders in Moraviantown, Ontario , fluently speak Munsee. William Penn , who first met
372-561: A ball through the other team's goal posts. Men could not carry and pass the ball, only use their feet, while the women could carry, pass, or kick. If the ball was picked up by a woman, she could not be tackled by the men, although men could attempt to dislodge the ball. Women were free to tackle the men. Another common activity was that of dance, and yet again, gender differences appear: men would dance and leap loudly, often with bear claw accessories, while women, wearing little thimbles or bells, would dance more modestly, stepping "one foot after
496-497: A county in themselves, or are completely separate and independent of any county. Each borough is represented by a borough president . Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island each have a Borough Hall with limited administrative functions. The Manhattan Borough President's office is situated in the Manhattan Municipal Building . The Bronx Borough President's office used to be in its own Bronx Borough Hall but has been in
620-482: A county. When the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island , thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other. The term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of
744-466: A distance, they reminded Dutch settlers of fine European lace. The winter cloaks of the women were striking, fashioned from the iridescent body feathers of wild turkeys. One of the more common activities of leisure for the Lenni Lenape would be the game of pahsaheman : a football-like hybrid, split on gender lines. Over a hundred players were grouped into gendered teams (male and female) to try getting
868-757: A divided people during the 1770s, including in Killbuck's family. Killbuck resented his grandfather for allowing the Moravians to remain in the Ohio country. The Moravians believed in pacifism, and Killbuck believed that every convert to the Moravians deprived the Lenape of a warrior to stop further white settlement of their land. In the beginning of the American Revolutionary War , Killbuck and many Lenape claimed to be neutral. Other neighboring Indian communities, particularly
992-505: A garrison at Bergen , which allowed settlement west of the Hudson within the province of New Netherland . This land was purchased from the Lenape after the fact. New Amsterdam was founded in 1624 by the Dutch in what would later become New York City . Dutch settlers also founded a colony at present-day Lewes, Delaware , on June 3, 1631, and named it Zwaanendael (Swan Valley). The colony had
1116-501: A high school education and 14% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 64% of Manhattan residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of the Upper East Side students excelling in math rose from 61% in 2000 to 80% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 66% to 68% during the same time period. The Upper East Side's rate of elementary school student absenteeism
1240-476: A low population of residents who are uninsured . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 4%, less than the citywide rate of 12%, though this was based on a small sample size. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in the Upper East Side is 0.0083 milligrams per cubic metre (8.3 × 10 oz/cu ft), more than the city average. Eight percent of Upper East Side residents are smokers , which
1364-539: A man's maternal uncle (his mother's brother), and not his father, was usually considered to be his closest male relative, since his uncle belonged to his mother's clan and his father belonged to a different one. The maternal uncle played a more prominent role in the lives of his sister's children than did the father—for example likely being the one responsible for educating a young man in weapons craft, martial arts, hunting, and other life skills. Lenape practiced companion planting , in which women cultivated many varieties of
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#17328378107541488-785: A plurality (37%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 24% are between 45 and 64, and 20% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents was lower, at 14% and 5% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community District 8 was $ 123,894, though the median income in the Upper East Side individually was $ 131,492. In 2018, an estimated 7% of Community District 8 residents lived in poverty , compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty-five residents (4%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or
1612-450: A private mansion on upper Fifth Avenue was 907 Fifth Avenue (1916), at 72nd Street, the neighborhood's grand carriage entrance to Central Park. Most members of New York's upper-class families have made residences on the Upper East Side, including the oil-rich Rockefellers , political Roosevelts , political dynastic Kennedys , thoroughbred racing moneyed Whitneys , and tobacco and electric power fortuned Dukes . Construction of
1736-410: A short life, as in 1632 a local band of Lenape killed the 32 Dutch settlers after a misunderstanding escalated over Lenape defacement of the insignia of the governing Dutch West India Company . The Lenape's quick adoption of trade goods, and their desire to trap furs to meet high European demand, resulted in over-harvesting the beaver population in the lower Hudson Valley. With the fur sources exhausted,
1860-491: A small "round crest, of about 2 inches in diameter". Deer hair, dyed a deep scarlet, as well as plumes of feathers, were favorite components of headdresses and breast ornaments for males. The Lenape also adorned themselves with various ornaments made of stone, shell, animal teeth, and claws. The women often wore headbands of dyed deer hair or wampum. They painted their skin skirts or decorated them with porcupine quills. These skirts were so elaborately appointed that, when seen from
1984-695: A small, 13-square-mile (34 km ) reserve in Chatham-Kent , Ontario. The Delaware of Six Nations shares the Glebe Farm 40B in Brantford, Ontario , and Six Nations Indian Reserve No. 40 , shared with six Haudenosaunee peoples in Ontario. The Stockbridge-Munsee Community has a 22,139-acre (89.59 km ) Indian reservation in Wisconsin, with 16,255 acres (65.78 km ) held in federal trust. The Delaware Nation has
2108-850: A woman's power in the hierarchical structure. As in the case of the Iroquois and Susquehannocks , the animosity of differences and competitions spanned many generations, and in general tribes with each of the different language groups became traditional enemies in the areas they'd meet. On the other hand, The New American Book of Indians points out that competition, trade, and wary relations were far more common than outright warfare—but both larger societies had traditions of 'proving' (blooding) new (or young) warriors by ' counting coup ' on raids into another tribes territories. The two groups were sometimes bitter enemies since before recorded history, but intermarriage occurred — and both groups have an oral history suggesting they jointly came east together and displaced
2232-669: Is also used by politicians to counter a frequent focus on Manhattan and thereby to place all five boroughs on equal footing. In the same vein, the term outer boroughs refers to all of the boroughs excluding Manhattan, even though the geographic center of the city is along the Brooklyn–Queens border. All five boroughs were created in 1898 during consolidation, when the city's modern boundaries were established. The Bronx originally included parts of New York County outside of Manhattan that had previously been ceded by neighboring Westchester County in two stages; in 1874 ( southern Yonkers , and
2356-488: Is composed of residential structures built after the American Civil War ; mansions and townhouses built at the beginning of the 20th century; and apartment buildings erected later on. The city district was slightly expanded in 2010 with 74 additional buildings. The Metropolitan Museum Historic District was designated a city district in 1977. It consists of properties on Fifth Avenue between 79th and 86th Streets, outside
2480-514: Is considered, then the neighborhood has an additional ZIP Code of 10029, along Fifth Avenue between 96th and 105th Streets. The United States Postal Service operates four post offices in the Upper East Side: The Upper East Side generally has a higher rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018. A majority of residents age 25 and older (83%) have a college education or higher, while 3% have less than
2604-548: Is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 89% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", more than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in the Upper East Side, there are 5 bodegas . Lenox Hill Hospital , NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital , and Weill Cornell Medical Center are located on the Upper East Side. In addition, Mount Sinai Hospital and Metropolitan Hospital Center are located nearby in East Harlem . The Upper East Side
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#17328378107542728-689: Is in the New York State Senate 's 27th , 28th , and 29th districts, the New York State Assembly 's 73rd and 76th districts, and the New York City Council 's 4th and 5th districts. The Upper East Side is one of few areas of Manhattan where Republicans constitute more than 20% of the electorate . In the southwestern part of the neighborhood, Republican voters equal Democratic voters (the only such area in Manhattan), whereas in
2852-404: Is less than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In the Upper East Side, 11% of residents are obese , 4% are diabetic , and 15% have high blood pressure —compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 6% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%. Ninety-four percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which
2976-538: Is located in five primary ZIP Codes . From south to north, they are 10065 (south of 69th Street), 10021 (between 69th and 76th Streets), 10075 (between 76th and 80th Streets), 10028 (between 80th and 86th Streets), and 10128 (north of 86th Street). In addition, 500 East 77th Street in Yorkville has its own ZIP Code, 10162. If the AIA Guide's broader definition of the neighborhood (extending up to Fifth Avenue and 106th Streets)
3100-565: Is lower than the rest of New York City. In the Upper East Side, 8% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year , less than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 91% of high school students in the Upper East Side graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%. The New York City Department of Education operates public schools in the city. Public lower and middle schools Public high schools Other schools Coeducational schools Boroughs of New York City The boroughs of New York City are
3224-423: Is served by multiple New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations: As of 2018, preterm births and births to teenage mothers in the Upper East Side are lower than the city average. In the Upper East Side, there were 73 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 3.4 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). The Upper East Side has
3348-601: Is used in Connecticut , New Jersey , and Pennsylvania , where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London . New York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs , which can unambiguously refer to the city proper as a whole, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New York metropolitan area . The term
3472-816: The Bronx County Courthouse for decades. Since the abolition of the Board of Estimate in 1990 (due to a 1989 ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court ), the borough presidents have minimal executive powers, and there is no legislative function within a borough. Executive functions in New York City are the responsibility of the Mayor of New York City , while legislative functions reside with the New York City Council . The borough presidents primarily act as spokesmen, advocates, and ceremonial leaders for their boroughs, have budgets from which they can allocate relatively modest sums of money to community organizations and projects, and appoint
3596-873: The Delaware Nation and Delaware Tribe of Indians in Oklahoma , the Stockbridge–Munsee Community in Wisconsin , and the Munsee-Delaware Nation , Moravian of the Thames First Nation , and Delaware of Six Nations in Ontario . The name Lenni Lenape originates from two autonyms, Lenni , which means "genuine, pure, real, original", and Lenape , meaning "real person" or "original person". Lënu may be translated as "man". Adam DePaul,
3720-598: The French and Indian War . The Moravians' insistence on Christian Lenape's abandoning traditional warfare practices alienated mission populations from other Lenape and Native American groups, who revered warriors. The Lenape initially sided with France , since they hoped to prevent further European colonial encroachment in their settlements. Their chiefs Teedyuscung in the east and Tamaqua near present-day Pittsburgh shifted to building alliances with British colonial authorities. Lenape leader Killbuck ( also Bemino) assisted
3844-601: The George Washington Bridge , has also been called the sixth borough. Yonkers , in Westchester County, is often referred to as the sixth borough as well. Lenape The Lenape ( English: / l ə ˈ n ɑː p i / , /- p eɪ / , / ˈ l ɛ n ə p i / ; Lenape languages : [lənaːpe] ), also called the Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an Indigenous people of
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3968-830: The Lower Hudson Valley in New York to the lower Catskills and a sliver of the upper edge of the North Branch Susquehanna River . On the west side, the Lenape lived in several small towns along the rivers and streams that fed the waterways, and likely shared the hunting territory of the Schuylkill River watershed with the rival Iroquoian Susquehannock . Today, the Munsee-Delaware Nation has its own Indian reserve , Munsee-Delaware Nation 1, in southwest Ontario. The Delaware Nation at Moraviantown has
4092-679: The Metropolitan Museum of Art , as well as properties on several side streets. The Park Avenue Historic District was designated a city district in 2014. It encompasses 64 properties on Park Avenue between 79th and 91st Streets. The Carnegie Hill Historic District was designated a city district in 1974 and expanded in 1993. It covers 400 buildings, primarily along Fifth Avenue from 86th to 98th Street, as well as on side streets extending east to Madison, Park, and Lexington Avenues. There are also two smaller city historic districts. The Henderson Place Historic District, designated in 1969, comprises
4216-517: The NYPD , located at 153 East 67th Street. The 19th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 82.2% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported 2 murders, 12 rapes, 229 robberies, 173 felony assaults, 278 burglaries, 1,724 grand larcenies, and 192 grand larcenies auto in 2022. As of 2018, Manhattan Community District 8 has a non-fatal assault hospitalization rate of 15 per 100,000 people, compared to
4340-469: The New York metropolitan area as well as in other states, U.S. territories , and foreign countries. In 2011, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg referred to the city's waterfront and waterways as a composite sixth borough during presentations of planned rehabilitation projects along the city's shoreline , including Governor's Island in the Upper New York Bay . The Hudson Waterfront , in
4464-527: The Northeastern Woodlands . Although never politically unified, the confederation of the Lenape roughly encompassed the area around and between the Delaware and lower Hudson rivers, and included the western part of Long Island in present-day New York. Some of their place names, such as Manhattan ("the island of many hills" ), Raritan, and Tappan were adopted by Dutch and English colonists to identify
4588-627: The Silk Stocking District, it has long been the most affluent neighborhood in New York City. The Upper East Side is part of Manhattan Community District 8 , and its primary ZIP Codes are 10021, 10028, 10065, 10075, and 10128. It is patrolled by the 19th Precinct of the New York City Police Department . Neighborhood boundaries in New York City are not officially set, but according to the Encyclopedia of New York City ,
4712-593: The Third Avenue El , opened from 1878 in sections, followed by the Second Avenue El , opened in 1879, linked the Upper East Side's middle class and skilled artisans closely to the heart of the city, and confirmed the modest nature of the area to their east. The unbuilt "Hamilton Square", which had appeared as one of the few genteel interruptions of the grid plan on city maps since the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 ,
4836-519: The Three Sisters : maize, beans, and squash. Men hunted, fished, and otherwise harvested seafood . In the 17th century, the Lenape practiced slash and burn agriculture. They used fire to manage land. Controlled use of fire extended farmlands' productivity. According to Dutch settler Isaac de Rasieres, who observed the Lenape in 1628, the Lenape planted their primary crop, maize , in March. Over time,
4960-668: The U.S. state of New Jersey , lies opposite Manhattan on the Hudson River , and during the Dutch colonial era , it was under the jurisdiction of New Amsterdam and known as Bergen . Jersey City and Hoboken , in New Jersey's Hudson County , are sometimes referred to as the sixth borough, given their proximity and connections by rapid transit PATH trains to the city. Fort Lee , in Bergen County , opposite Upper Manhattan and connected by
5084-857: The Wyandot , the Mingo , the Shawnee , and the Wolf Clan of the Lenape , favored the British. They believed that by the Royal Proclamation of 1763 , restricting Anglo-American settlement to east of the Appalachian Mountains, the British would help them preserve a Native American territory . As the Revolutionary War intensified, the Lenape in present-day Ohio were deeply divided over which side, if any, to take in
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5208-436: The mound builders culture. In addition, both tribes practiced adopting young captives from warfare into their tribes and assimilating them as full tribal members. Iroquoians adopting Lenape (or other peoples) were known to be part of their religious beliefs, the adopted one taking the place in the clan of one killed in warfare. Early European observers may have misinterpreted matrilineal Lenape cultural practices. For example,
5332-574: The 1880s the neighborhood of Yorkville became a suburb of middle class Germans. Gracie Mansion , the last remaining suburban villa overlooking the East River at Carl Schurz Park , became the home of New York's mayor in 1942. The East River Drive , designed by Robert Moses , was extended south from the first section, from 125th Street to 92nd Street, which was completed in 1934 as a boulevard, an arterial highway running at street level; reconstruction designs from 1948 to 1966 converted FDR Drive , as it
5456-607: The Asian population by 38% (5,145), the increase in the Hispanic/Latino population by 19% (2,537), and the decrease in the White population by 3% (5,644). The small Black population increased by 3% (191), while the even smaller population of all other races increased by 15% (628). Taking into account the three census tabulation areas, the decrease of the White population was concentrated Yorkville and Upper East Side-Carnegie Hill especially, while
5580-537: The British against the French and their Indian allies. In 1761, Killbuck led a British supply train from Fort Pitt to Fort Sandusky . In 1763, Bill Hickman, a Lenape, warned English colonists in the Juniata River region of present-day Pennsylvania of an impending attack. After the end of the French and Indian War, European settlers continued to attack the Lenape, often to such an extent that, as historian Amy Schutt writes,
5704-698: The Confederation until 1753, shortly before the outbreak of the French and Indian War (a part of the Seven Years' War in Europe). The historical record of the mid-17th century suggests that most Lenape polities each consisted of several hundred people but it is conceivable that some had been considerably larger prior to close contact, given the wars between the Susquehannocks and the Iroquois, both of whom were armed by
5828-583: The Delaware Tribe of Indians received grant money to fund The Lenape Talking Dictionary , preserving and digitizing the Southern Unami dialect. At the time of European settlement in North America , a Lenape would have identified primarily with their immediate family and clan, friends, and village unit and, after that, with surrounding and familiar village units followed by more distant neighbors who spoke
5952-415: The Dutch and Swedes, were surprised at the Lenape's skill in fashioning clothing from natural materials. In hot weather men and women wore only loin cloth and skirt respectively, while they used beaver pelts or bear skins to serve as winter mantles. Additionally, both sexes might wear buckskin leggings and moccasins in cold weather. Women would wear their hair long, usually below the hip, while men kept only
6076-411: The Dutch arrival, they began to exchange wampum for beaver furs provided by Iroquoian -speaking Susquehannock and other Minquas. They exchanged these furs for Dutch and, from the late 1630s, also Swedish imports. Relations between some Lenape and Minqua polities briefly turned sour in the late 1620s and early 1630s, but were relatively peaceful most of the time. The early European settlers, especially
6200-667: The Dutch fur traders, while the Lenape were at odds with the Dutch and so lost that particular arms race. In 1648, the Axion band of Lenape were the largest tribe on the Delaware River, with 200 warriors. Epidemics of newly introduced European infectious diseases , such as smallpox , measles, cholera, influenza, and dysentery, reduced the populations of Lenape. They and other Native peoples had no natural immunity . Recurrent violent conflicts with Europeans also devastated Lenape people. In 1682, William Penn and Quaker colonists created
6324-405: The Dutch shifted their operations to present-day upstate New York . The Lenape who produced wampum in the vicinity of Manhattan Island temporarily forestalled the negative effects of the decline in trade. During the resulting Beaver Wars in the first half of the 17th century, European colonists were careful to keep firearms from the coastally located Lenape, while rival Iroquoian peoples in
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#17328378107546448-601: The English colony of Pennsylvania beginning at the lower Delaware River . A peace treaty was negotiated between the newly arriving colonists and Lenape at what is now known as Penn Treaty Park . In the decades immediately following, some 20,000 new colonists arrived in the region, putting pressure on Lenape settlements and hunting grounds. Penn expected his authority and that of the colonial Province of Pennsylvania government to take precedence. William Penn died in 1718. His heirs, John and Thomas Penn, and their agents were ruling
6572-479: The Lenape adapted to European methods of hunting and farming with metal tools. The men limited their agricultural labor to clearing the field and breaking the soil. They primarily hunted and fished during the rest of the year: from September to January and from June to July, they mainly hunted deer, but from the month of January to the spring planting in May, they hunted anything from bears and beavers to raccoons and foxes. Dutch settler David de Vries , who stayed in
6696-399: The Lenape for agricultural products, mainly maize, in exchange for iron tools. The Lenape also arranged contacts between the Minquas or Susquehannocks and the Dutch West India Company and Swedish South Company to promote the fur trade . The Lenape were major producers of labor intensive wampum , or shell beads, which they traditionally used for ritual purposes and as ornaments. After
6820-469: The Lenape historical territory, which spanned what is now eastern Pennsylvania , New Jersey , Lower New York Bay , and eastern Delaware . The tribe's common name Delaware comes from the French language . English colonists named the Delaware River for the first governor of the Province of Virginia , Lord De La Warr . The British colonists began to call the Lenape the Delaware Indians because of where they lived. Swedish colonists also settled in
6944-414: The Lenape in 1682, said the Unami used the following words: "mother" was anna , "brother" was isseemus and "friend" was netap . He instructed his fellow English colonists: "If one asks them for anything they have not, they will answer, mattá ne hattá , which to translate is, 'not I have,' instead of 'I have not'." The Lenape languages were once exclusively spoken languages. In 2002,
7068-401: The Lenape people that lived there. The Lenape had a culture in which the clan and family controlled property. Europeans often tried to contract for land with the tribal chiefs, confusing their culture with that of neighboring tribes such as the Iroquois . As a further complication in communication and understanding, kinship terms commonly used by European settlers had very different meanings to
7192-444: The Lenape: "fathers" did not have the same direct parental control as in Europe, "brothers" could be a symbol of equality but could also be interpreted as one's parallel cousins, "cousins" were interpreted as only cross-cousins, etc. All of these added complexities in kinship terms made agreements with Europeans all the more difficult. The Lenape would petition for grievances on the basis that not all their families had been recognized in
7316-438: The Northeastern Woodlands , who live in the United States and Canada . The Lenape's historical territory includes present-day northeastern Delaware , all of New Jersey , the eastern Pennsylvania regions of the Lehigh Valley and Northeastern Pennsylvania , and New York Bay , western Long Island , and the lower Hudson Valley in New York state . Today they are based in Oklahoma , Wisconsin , and Ontario . During
7440-411: The Old Post Road ( Third Avenue ) to the river and the farmland inherited by James Lenox , who divided it into blocks of houselots in the 1870s, built his Lenox Library on a Fifth Avenue lot at the farm's south-west corner, and donated a full square block for the Presbyterian Hospital , between 70th and 71st Streets, and Madison and Park Avenues. At that time, along the Boston Post Road taverns stood at
7564-425: The Pennsylvania government that is commonly known as the Walking Purchase". In the end, all Lenape who still lived on the Delaware were driven off the remnants of their homeland under threats of violence. Some Lenape polities eventually retaliated by attacking Pennsylvania settlements. When they resisted European colonial expansion at the height of the French and Indian War , British colonial authorities investigated
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#17328378107547688-518: The Storykeeper of the Lenape Nation of Pennsylvania , calls the name "an anglicized grammatical error that basically translates as the 'original people people.'" While acknowledging that some Lenape do identify as Lenni Lenape or Delaware, DePaul says "the best word to use when referring to us is simply 'Lenape.'" When first encountered by European settlers, the Lenape were a loose association of closely related peoples who spoke similar languages and shared familial bonds in an area known as Lenapehoking ,
7812-421: The Sutton Terrace development on Sutton Place . The demolition of the els had an adverse effect on transportation, because the IRT Lexington Avenue Line was now the only subway line in the area. The construction of the Second Avenue Subway was originally proposed in 1919. Finally, on January 1, 2017, the first phase of the line was completed with three new stations opened. This brought in new local business to
7936-405: The Turtle or Wolf clans. His children would not belong to the Turkey Clan, but to the mother's clan. As such, a person's mother's brothers (the person's matrilineal uncles) played a large role in his or her life as they shared the same clan lineage. Within a marriage itself, men and women had relatively separate and equal rights, each controlling their own property and debts, showing further signs of
8060-414: The Upper East Side are located just south of the neighborhood's northern limit at 96th Street, the Holmes Towers and Isaacs Houses . It borders East Harlem , which has the highest concentration of public housing in the United States. Politically, the Upper East Side is in New York's 12th congressional district , which has a Cook PVI of D+34 and is currently represented by Democrat Jerry Nadler . It
8184-602: The Upper East Side is bounded by 59th Street in the south, 96th Street on the north, Fifth Avenue to the west, and the East River to the east. The AIA Guide to New York City extends the northern boundary to 106th Street near Fifth Avenue. The area's north-south avenues are Fifth , Madison , Park , Lexington , Third , Second , First , York , and East End Avenues , with the latter running only from East 79th Street to East 90th Street . The major east-west streets are 59th Street, 72nd Street , 79th Street, 86th Street , and 96th Street. Some real-estate agents use
8308-426: The area and had positive impact on real estate prices in the Upper East Side. For census purposes, the New York City government classifies the Upper East Side as part of three neighborhood tabulation areas: Upper East Side- Carnegie Hill , Yorkville , and Lenox Hill - Roosevelt Island , divided by Third Avenue and 77th Street. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the combined population of these areas
8432-421: The area from 1634 to 1644, described a Lenape hunt in the valley of the Achinigeu-hach (or Ackingsah-sack, the Hackensack River ), in which 100 or more men stood in a line many paces from each other, beating thigh bones on their palms to drive animals to the river, where they could be killed easily. Other methods of hunting included lassoing and drowning deer, as well as forming a circle around prey and setting
8556-403: The area of present-day Washington Valley in Morris County, New Jersey . Led by Reverend John Brainerd, colonists forcefully relocated 200 people to Indian Mills, then known as Brotherton , an industrial town with gristills and sawmills, that was the first Native American reservation in New Jersey . Reverend John Brainerd abandoned the reservation in 1777. In 1758, the Treaty of Easton
8680-465: The area, and Swedish sources called the Lenape the Renappi . The historical Lenape country, Lenapehoking ( Lënapehòkink ), was a large territory that encompassed the Delaware and Lehigh Valley regions of eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey from the north bank of the Lehigh River along the west bank of the Delaware River into Delaware and the Delaware Bay . Their lands also extended west from western Long Island and New York Bay , across
8804-436: The area. Beginning in the 18th century, the Moravian Church established missions in Lenape settlements. The Moravians required the Christian converts to share Moravian pacifism and live in a structured and European-style mission village. Moravian pacifism and unwillingness to take loyalty oaths caused conflicts with British colonial authorities, who were seeking aid against the French and their Native American allies in
8928-459: The boroughwide average of 632 crimes per 100,000 and the citywide average of 572 crimes per 100,000. In 2019, the highest concentration of felony assaults in the Upper East Side was near the intersection of 93rd Street and First Avenue , where there were 10 felony assaults. The highest concentration of robberies, on the other hand, was near the intersection of 86th Street and Lexington Avenue , where there were 19 robberies. The Upper East Side
9052-422: The boroughwide rate of 49 per 100,000 and the citywide rate of 59 per 100,000. Its incarceration rate is 71 per 100,000 people, the lowest in the city, compared to the boroughwide rate of 407 per 100,000 and the citywide rate of 425 per 100,000. Of the five major violent felonies (murder, rape, felony assault, robbery, and burglary), the 19th Precinct had a rate of 264 crimes per 100,000 residents in 2019, compared to
9176-487: The brush on fire. They also harvested vast quantities of fish and shellfish from the bays of the area, and, in southern New Jersey, harvested clams year-round. One technique used while fishing was to add ground chestnuts to stream water to make fish dizzy and easier to catch. The success of these methods allowed the tribe to maintain a larger population than other, nomadic hunter-gatherer peoples in North America at
9300-674: The causes of Lenape resentment. The British asked Sir William Johnson , Superintendent of Indian Affairs, to lead the investigation. Johnson had become wealthy as a trader and acquired thousands of acres of land in the Mohawk River region from the Iroquois Mohawk of New York. In 1757, an organization known as the New Jersey Association for Helping the Indians wrote a constitution to expel native Munsee Lenape from their settlements in
9424-459: The city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from Westchester County into New York County in 1874 ( West Bronx ) and 1895 ( East Bronx ). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with
9548-555: The city. In some document collections the boroughs used to be designated with a one-letter abbreviation: K for Brooklyn, M for Manhattan, Q for Queens, R for Staten Island (Richmond County), and X for the Bronx. The term "sixth borough" is used to describe any of a number of places that have been metaphorically called a part of New York City because of their geographic location, demographics (they include large numbers of former New Yorkers), special affiliation, or cosmopolitan character. They have included adjacent cities and counties in
9672-485: The colony, and had abandoned many of William Penn 's practices. In an attempt to raise money, they contemplated ways to sell Lenape land to colonial settlers, which culminated in the Walking Purchase . In the mid-1730s, colonial administrators produced a draft of a land deed dating to the 1680s. William Penn had approached several leaders of Lenape polities in the lower Delaware to discuss land sales further north. Since
9796-507: The counties are considered to be arms of the state government), rather than officials of the city government, they are not subject to the term limitations that govern other New York City officials such as the mayor, the New York City Public Advocate , members of the city council, or the borough presidents. Some civil court judges also are elected on a borough-wide basis, although they generally are eligible to serve throughout
9920-485: The creation of modern New York City in 1898, when New York County (then including the Bronx), Kings County, Richmond County, and part of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter . All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved. New York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As
10044-631: The dead since the wars outnumbered those killed during the war. In April 1763, Teedyuscung was killed during the burning of his home. His son Captain Bull responded by attacking settlers, sponsored by the Susquehanna Company, in the present-day Wyoming Valley region of Pennsylvania.. Many Lenape joined in Pontiac's War and were among the Native Americans who besieged present-day Pittsburgh. During
10168-688: The early 1770s, missionaries, including David Zeisberger and John Heckewelder , arrived in the Ohio Country near the Lenape villages. The Moravian Church sent these men to convert the Indigenous peoples to Christianity. The missionaries established several missions, including Gnadenhutten , Lichtenau , and Schoenbrunn . The missionaries pressured Indigenous people to abandon their traditional customs , beliefs, and ways of life, and to replace them with European and Christian ways. Many Lenape did adopt Christianity, but others refused to do so. The Lenape became
10292-426: The end of the 17th century, each of which historically had twelve sub-clans: The Lenape have a matrilineal clan system and historically were matrilocal . Children belong to their mother's clan, from which they gain social status and identity. The mother's eldest brother was more significant as a mentor to the male children than was their father, who was generally of another clan. Hereditary leadership passed through
10416-494: The five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city . Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City , contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term
10540-478: The five major governmental districts that compose New York City . They are the Bronx , Brooklyn , Manhattan , Queens , and Staten Island . Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of the State of New York : The Bronx is Bronx County, Brooklyn is Kings County, Manhattan is New York County, Queens is Queens County, and Staten Island is Richmond County. All five boroughs of New York came into existence with
10664-459: The ground floor, as if watching calmly for life and fashion to flow northward to her solitary door... She was sure that presently the quarries, the wooden greenhouses in ragged gardens, the rocks from which goats surveyed the scene, would vanish before the advance of residences as stately as her own. Before the Park Avenue Tunnel was covered (finished in 1910), fashionable New Yorkers shunned
10788-436: The increases of the other racial groups were evenly split across the three areas. The entirety of Manhattan Community District 8 , which comprises the Upper East Side and Roosevelt Island, had 225,914 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.9 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are adults:
10912-445: The land in question did not belong to their polities, the talks did not lead to an agreement. But colonial administrators prepared the draft that resurfaced in the 1730s. The Penns and their supporters presented this draft as a legitimate deed, but Lenape leaders in the lower Delaware refused to accept it. According to historian Steven C. Harper , what followed was a "convoluted sequence of deception, fraud, and extortion orchestrated by
11036-463: The land, the houses, and the families, the clan fathers provided the meat, cleared the fields, built the houses, and protected the clan. Upon reaching adulthood, a Lenape male would marry outside of his clan . The practice effectively prevented inbreeding, even among individuals whose kinship was obscure or unknown. This means that a male from the Turkey Clan was expected to marry a female from either
11160-579: The last decades of the 18th century, European settlers and the effects of the American Revolutionary War displaced most Lenape from their homelands and pushed them north and west. In the 1860s, under the Indian removal policy, the U.S. federal government relocated most Lenape remaining in the Eastern United States to the Indian Territory and surrounding regions. Lenape people currently belong to
11284-459: The maternal line, and women elders could remove leaders of whom they disapproved. Agricultural land was managed by women and allotted according to the subsistence needs of their extended families. Newlywed couples would live with the bride's family, where her mother and sisters could also assist her with her growing family. By 1682, when William Penn arrived to his American commonwealth, the Lenape had been so reduced by disease, famine, and war that
11408-405: The media, they are technically and legally the district attorneys of New York County and Kings County, respectively. The same goes for Staten Island. There is no such distinction made for the district attorneys of the other two counties, Queens and the Bronx, since these boroughs share the respective counties' names. Because the five district attorneys are, technically speaking, state officials (since
11532-522: The members of the 59 largely advisory community boards in the city's various neighborhoods. The Brooklyn and Queens borough presidents also appoint trustees to the local public library systems in those boroughs. Being coextensive with an individual county, each borough also elects a district attorney , as does every other county of New York State. While the district attorneys of Manhattan and Brooklyn are popularly referred to as "Manhattan D.A. Cyrus Vance, Jr. ", or "Brooklyn D.A. Kenneth P. Thompson " by
11656-455: The mile-markers, Five-Mile House at 72nd Street and Six-Mile House at 97th, a New Yorker recalled in 1893. The fashionable future of the narrow strip between Central Park and the railroad cut was established at the outset by the nature of its entrance, in the southwest corner, north of the Vanderbilt family 's favored stretch of Fifth Avenue from 50th to 59th Streets. A row of handsome townhouses
11780-420: The name of the county unchanged. There are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods throughout the five boroughs of New York City, many with a definable history and character to call their own. Since 1914, each of New York City's five boroughs has been coextensive with a county of New York State – unlike most U.S. cities , which lie within a single county or extend partially into another county, constitute
11904-424: The nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top ZIP Code, 10021, is on the Upper East Side and generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of both George W. Bush and John Kerry . The area is host to some of the most famous museums in the world. The string of museums along Fifth Avenue fronting Central Park has been dubbed " Museum Mile ", running between 82nd and 105th Streets. It
12028-646: The neighborhood contains the greatest concentration of individual wealth in Manhattan. As of 2011, the median household income for the Upper East Side was $ 131,492. The Upper East Side maintains the highest pricing per square foot in the United States. A 2002 report cited the average cost per square meter as $ 8,856; however, that price has noticed a substantial jump, increasing to almost as much as $ 11,200 per square meter as of 2006. There are some buildings which cost about $ 125 per square foot (~$ 1345/ m). The only public housing projects for those of low to moderate incomes on
12152-433: The neighborhood, at 86th Street, which became the heart of German Yorkville . The area was defined by the attractions of the bluff overlooking the East River , which ran without interruption from James William Beekman 's "Mount Pleasant", north of the marshy squalor of Turtle Bay , to Gracie Mansion , north of which the land sloped steeply to the wetlands that separated this area from the suburban village of Harlem . Among
12276-588: The north and west such as the Susquehannocks and Confederation of the Iroquois became comparatively well-armed. They defeated the Lenape, and some scholars believe that the Lenape may have become tributaries to the Susquehannock. After the warfare, the Lenape referred to the Susquehannock as "uncles". The Iroquois Confederacy added the Lenape to the Covenant Chain in 1676 and the Lenape were tributary to
12400-422: The nuts of Aesculus glabra in the pocket for rheumatism , and an infusion of ground nuts mixed with sweet oil or mutton tallow for earaches. They also grind the nuts and use them to poison fish in streams. They also apply a poultice of pulverized nuts with sweet oil for earache. The first recorded European contact with people presumed to have been the Lenape was in 1524. The explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano
12524-675: The other slightly forwards then backwards, yet so as to advance gradually". A number of linear measures were used. Small units of measure were the distance from the thumb and first finger, and the distance from first finger to pit of elbow. Travel distance was measured in the distance one could comfortably travel from sun-up to sun-down. Lenape herbalists , who have been primarily women, use their extensive knowledge of plant life to help heal their community's ailments, sometimes through ceremony. The Lenape found uses in trees like black walnut which were used to cure ringworm and with persimmons which were used to cure ear problems. The Lenape carry
12648-471: The percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 41% in Community District 8, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Community District 8 is not considered to be gentrifying : according to the Community Health Profile, the district was not low-income in 1990. As of the 2000 census, twenty-one percent of
12772-531: The population was foreign born; of this, 45.6% came from Europe, 29.5% from Asia, 16.2% from Latin America and 8.7% from other areas. The female-male ratio was very high with 125 females for 100 males. The Upper East Side contains a large and affluent Jewish population estimated at 56,000. Traditionally, the Upper East Side has been dominated by wealthy White Anglo-Saxon Protestant families. Given its very high population density and per capita income ($ 85,081 in 2000),
12896-402: The rest of the neighborhood Republicans make up between 20 and 40% of registered voters. Nonetheless, it is still heavily Democratic; in the 2020 presidential election , every single precinct voted for Joe Biden and all but one gave him over 70% of the vote. The Upper East Side is notable as a significant location of political fundraising in the United States. Four of the top five ZIP Codes in
13020-530: The same dialect, and finally, with those in the surrounding area who spoke mutually comprehensible languages, including the Nanticoke people who lived to their south and west in present western Delaware and eastern Maryland . Among many Algonquian peoples along the East Coast , the Lenape were considered the grandfathers from whom other Algonquian -speaking peoples originated. The Lenape had three clans at
13144-461: The series of villas a Schermerhorn country house overlooked the river at the foot of present-day 73rd Street and another, Peter Schermerhorn's at 66th Street , and the Riker homestead was similarly sited at the foot of 75th Street. By the mid-19th century the farmland had largely been subdivided, with the exception of the 150 acres (61 ha) of Jones's Wood , stretching from 66th to 76th Streets and from
13268-543: The sites of fishing camps used by the Lenape , whose controlled burns once a generation or so kept the dense canopy of oak–hickory forest open at ground level. In the 19th century the farmland and market garden district of what was to be the Upper East Side was still traversed by the Boston Post Road and, from 1837, the New York and Harlem Railroad , which brought straggling commercial development around its one station in
13392-428: The smoky railroad trench up Fourth Avenue (now Park Avenue), to build stylish mansions and townhouses on the large lots along Fifth Avenue , facing Central Park, and on the adjacent side streets. The latest arrivals were the rich Pittsburghers Andrew Carnegie and Henry Clay Frick . The classic phase of Gilded Age Fifth Avenue as a stretch of private mansions was not long-lasting: the first apartment house to replace
13516-412: The sub-clan mothers had reluctantly resolved to consolidate their families into the main clan family. This is why William Penn and all those after him believed that the Lenape clans had always only had three divisions (Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf) when, in fact, they had over thirty on the eve of European contact. Members of each clan were found throughout Lenape territory, and while clan mothers controlled
13640-608: The term "Upper East Side", instead of " East Harlem ", to describe areas that are slightly north of 96th Street and near Fifth Avenue, in order to avoid associating these areas with the negative connotations of the latter, a neighborhood which is generally perceived as less prestigious. The Upper East Side Historic District was designated as a city district in 1981 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The city district runs from 59th to 78th Streets along Fifth Avenue, and up to Third Avenue at some points. It
13764-406: The three eastern towns of Queens County that had not joined the city the year before—the towns of Hempstead , North Hempstead , and Oyster Bay —formally seceded from Queens County to form the new Nassau County . The borough of Staten Island, coextensive with Richmond County, was officially the borough of Richmond until the name was changed in 1975 to reflect its common appellation, while leaving
13888-447: The time, could support. Scholars have estimated that at the time of European settlement, around much of the current New York City area alone, there may have been about 15,000 Lenape in approximately 80 settlement sites. In 1524, Lenape in canoes met Giovanni da Verrazzano , the first European explorer to enter New York Harbor . European settlers and traders from the 17th-century colonies of New Netherland and New Sweden traded with
14012-421: The town houses on East End Avenue between 86th and 87th Streets, built by John C. Henderson in 1981. The Treadwell Farm Historic District, designated in 1967, includes low-rise apartments on East 61st and 62nd Streets between Second and Third Avenues, on the former farm of Adam Treadwell. Before the arrival of Europeans, the mouths of streams that eroded gullies in the East River bluffs are conjectured to have been
14136-483: The towns of Kingsbridge , West Farms , and Morrisania ) and then following a referendum in 1894 (towns of Westchester , Williamsbridge , and the southern portion of Eastchester ). Ultimately in 1914, the present-day separate Bronx County became the most recent county to be created in the State of New York. The borough of Queens consists of what formerly was only the western part of a then-larger Queens County. In 1899,
14260-402: The transaction (not that they wanted to "share" the land). After the Dutch arrival and brief establishment of Fort Nassau (along the bank of the Delaware River in present day Gloucester City, New Jersey ) in the 1620s, the Lenape were successful in restricting Dutch settlement until the 1660s to no further than Pavonia in present-day Jersey City along the Hudson. The Dutch finally established
14384-618: The war. When the war began, Killbuck found the Lenape caught between the British and their Indian allies in the West and the Americans in the East. The Lenape were living in numerous villages around their main village of Coshocton , between the western frontier strongholds of the British and the Patriots. The Americans had Fort Pitt (present-day Pittsburgh) and the British, along with Indian allies, controlled
14508-524: Was 219,920, an increase of 2,857 (1.3%) from the 217,063 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 1,291.51 acres (522.66 ha), the neighborhoods had a population density of 170.3 inhabitants per acre (109,000/sq mi; 42,100/km). The racial makeup of the neighborhoods was 79% (173,711) White , 3.2% (7,098) African American , 0.1% (126) Native American , 8.6% (18,847) Asian , 0% (98) Pacific Islander , 0.3% (609) from other races , and 1.8% (3,868) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race
14632-474: Was 7.1% (15,563) of the population. While the White population is a dominating majority in all three census tabulation areas, it is more so in Upper East Side-Carnegie Hill compared to Yorkville and Lenox Hill-Roosevelt Island, being close to 90% of the population. The racial composition of the Upper East Side changed moderately from 2000 to 2010. The most significant changes were the increase in
14756-421: Was built on speculation by Mary Mason Jones, who owned the entire block bounded by 57th and 58th Streets and Fifth and Madison. In 1870 she occupied the prominent corner house at 57th and Fifth, though not in the isolation described by her niece, Edith Wharton , whose picture has been uncritically accepted as history, as Christopher Gray has pointed out: It was her habit to sit in a window of her sitting room on
14880-408: Was greeted by local Lenape who came by canoe, after his ship entered what is now called Lower New York Bay . At the time of sustained European contact in the 17th through the 19th centuries, the Lenape were a powerful Native American nation who inhabited a region on the mid-Atlantic coast spanning the latitudes of southern Massachusetts to the southern extent of Delaware in what anthropologists call
15004-555: Was intended to straddle what had now become the Harlem Railroad right-of-way between 66th and 69th Streets; it never materialized, though during the Panic of 1857 its unleveled ground was the scene of an open-air mass meeting called in July to agitate for the secession of the city and its neighboring counties from New York State, and the city divided its acreage into house lots and sold them. From
15128-589: Was once named "Millionaire's Row". The following are among the cultural institutions on the Upper East Side: Many diplomatic missions are located in former mansions on the Upper East Side: Other missions to the United Nations in the Upper East Side include: There are several historic districts in the Upper East Side, the districts are: The Upper East Side is patrolled by the 19th Precinct of
15252-507: Was renamed after Franklin Delano Roosevelt, into the full limited-access parkway that is in use today. Demolishing the elevated railways on Third and Second Avenues opened these tenement -lined streets to the construction of high-rise apartment blocks starting in the 1950s. Among these were Manhattan House at 200 East 66th Street, one of the first apartment buildings in New York City to use white glazed brick on its facade, as well as
15376-403: Was signed between the Lenape and European colonists. In it, the Lenape were required to move westward out of present-day New York and New Jersey, progressing into Pennsylvania and then to present-day Ohio and beyond. Through the 18th century, many Lenape moved west into the relatively depopulated upper Ohio River basin, but they also sporadically launched violent raids on settlers far outside
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