89-446: The Abdus Salam Library is the main academic and research library of Imperial College London . The current library opened in August 1969, taking over from the original Lyon Playfair Library which had opened in 1959. The collection grew out of earlier libraries of the various departments and colleges, the oldest collection of which dates back to 1845. The Central Library is the largest of
178-560: A higher education institution, which supports the curriculum and the research of the university faculty and students. According to the National Center for Education Statistics , there are an estimated 3,700 academic libraries in the United States. Class reading materials, intended to supplement lectures by the instructor and housed in academic libraries, have historically known as "reserves". Before electronic resources became available,
267-476: A loyalty programme in South-West England and Wales. The scheme was successful, launching nationally as The Waterstones Card across its entire shop portfolio. Waterstones piloted a brand refresh exercise in selected shops, beginning with Manchester's Arndale Centre in 2007. On 19 November 2007, the chain closed its first branch on Old Brompton Road. Following a consultation, the company's supply chain
356-404: A 2016 interview, Daunt stated that Amazon "defines how Waterstones acts" and while Waterstones could not compete with the internet retailer digitally, it could offer a credible alternative, believing there was "a future in physical bookselling". Waterstones continued to look at "fixing the basics" during 2016, such as adjusting shop opening hours and harnessing data from the loyalty card as well as
445-498: A board of directors was announced, including Miranda Curtis as chairman. In September 2011, the bookseller announced that it intended to drop its 3-for-2 deal on books after a decade. The offer was replaced with a "bespoke offer", based on branches choosing their own pricing structures from available discounts. In January 2012, the company announced that it would be moving away from the branding developed in 2010 by agency VentureThree, and reverting to its original logo. This involved
534-444: A book-buying system which mixes central and local input on stock selection." On 31 May 2006, Waterstones announced that it had successfully negotiated the takeover of Ottakar's. HMV chief executive Alan Giles said: "A combined Waterstones and Ottakar's business will create an exciting, quality bookseller, able to respond better to the increasingly competitive pressures of the retail market." Ottakar's chairman Philip Dunne said: "Over
623-603: A collaboration with Next to have Waterstones within some Next stores. In April 2022, a new Waterstones within Next in Martlesham , Ipswich , was announced. In 2022, Waterstones purchased Blackwell's , the largest independent bookstore in the UK, for an undisclosed sum. The acquisition was done under US hedge fund Elliott Investment Management. Acquired in 1995 by the Thorn EMI group, Dillons
712-556: A customer was accidentally trapped in the Trafalgar Square branch after closing. Accounts for 2014 saw operating income losses narrow to £3.8 million, but sales slip by 5.9%. The ongoing strategic changes made to the way the business operates included the decision in October 2015, after three years on sale in shops, to remove the Kindle from its offer following "pitiful" sales and handing
801-606: A new charity, BookTrust . By the end of 2013, Waterstones had cut its losses to £12.2 million, opened 12 further Café W outlets, and embarked on a capital investment in its shop portfolio of £29.5 million. In 2014, they opened new shops in Ringwood, Blackburn and Southwold, its first branch to be without Waterstones branding, as well as closing shops in Eastleigh and St Neots . Continued business strategy change saw further departures from head office in brand communication and PR and
890-661: A professor of chemistry at the Royal School of Mines . The initial collection was focused on engineering, as it was formed out of the Unwin Library, created through the amalgamation of many of the engineering department libraries. Although for the time being most science departments retained their own collections, the library expanded swiftly to cover the rest of the college's activities. In the 1960s Imperial College quickly expanded in both facilities and population as part of an expansive programme of government investment. This resulted in
979-575: A rebuffed takeover attempt in 1997 of WHSmith, Tim Waterstone became part of the deal and by May 1998, following the £801 million-deal completion became chairman of the group. All Dillons shops were incorporated within the Waterstones brand by 1998. In September 2005, HMV Group began attempts to buy rival book chain Ottakar's . This alarmed publishers and authors, who hoped the Office of Fair Trading would refer
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#17328587407221068-592: A refreshed brand look, widely welcomed by the book trade. The retailer renewed its partnership with Oxfam to continue to raise money for the Syrian crisis, donating £5 for each "Book of the Month" sold in-shop during November 2016. Daunt made public his concern that the UK EU referendum was likely to impact on company sales due to an expected retail downturn following a 'no' vote. He later noted that sales had remained "buoyant" following
1157-422: A renewed agency contract for Waterstones' digital marketing with Epiphany. The retailer overhauled its business technology with new algorithms on its website to help personalise the online shopping experience, updated point-of-sale IT and by introducing contactless payment in its shops. The retailer partnered with Airbnb to hold a one-off "sleepover" for customers in its Piccadilly branch in October 2014 after
1246-453: A report on tax avoidance in the book industry, the magazine Ethical Consumer argued that A&NN Capital Fund Management, Waterstones' parent company in Bermuda , "likely to be for tax avoidance purposes". In response to this, Waterstones issued a clarification on their website reading "As a UK registered and domiciled business, Waterstones fulfils all its tax obligations. This will include both
1335-721: A result of greater importance being placed on education and research. In the 1960s, academic libraries in Canada began to grow as a direct result of larger student enrollments, increased graduate programs, higher budget allowance, and general advocacy of the importance of these libraries. As a result of this growth and the Ontario New Universities Library Project that occurred during the early 1960s, five new universities were established in Ontario that all included fully cataloged collections. The establishment of libraries
1424-599: A week, the University of Virginia was open nine hours a week, Columbia University four, and Bowdoin College only three. Students instead created literary societies and assessed entrance fees for building a small collection of usable volumes, often over what the university library held. In 1904, the Bibliographical Society of America was founded to foster the study of books and manuscripts. Academic librarians were
1513-519: Is information literacy instruction, with most American academic libraries employing a person or department of people dedicated primarily to instruction. Many academic institutions offer faculty status to librarians, and librarians are often expected to publish research in their field. Academic librarian positions in the United States usually require an MLIS degree from an ALA-accredited institution. Waterstones Waterstones Booksellers Limited , trading as Waterstones (formerly Waterstone's ),
1602-462: Is a British book retailer that operates 311 shops, mainly in the United Kingdom and also other nearby countries. As of February 2014 , it employs around 3,500 staff in the UK and Europe. An average-sized Waterstones shop sells a range of approximately 30,000 individual books, as well as stationery and other related products. Established in 1982 by Tim Waterstone , after whom the company
1691-438: Is also the main sponsor of The Waterstones Children's Laureate , previously sponsored by Ottakar's. The 2011–2013 role saw the position carry the Waterstones branding for the first time, with the company stating it was 'up weighting [its] activity' and 'supporting the role in shops and online in different ways throughout the year and beyond.' Holders of the role during sponsorship include Julia Donaldson , Malorie Blackman and
1780-413: Is on the ground floor, next to the main entrance. The library primarily serves students and researchers at Imperial, with the library open 24 hours a day all week, excluding Friday night. However, the library accepts requests from members of the public for access to specific materials, and requests for inter-library loans. Academic library An academic library is a library that is attached to
1869-641: The Amazon Kindle , but has since pulled out of this market for commercial reasons. Waterstones administers and supports various literary awards, including the Children's Laureate award and the Waterstones Children's Book Prize . The chain was founded in 1982 by Tim Waterstone after he took a £6,000 redundancy payout from WHSmith. He set up his first shop in Old Brompton Road , Kensington with
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#17328587407221958-694: The Department of Chemical Engineering and the Department of Geology's Watts Library, the latter of which had by 1934 a collection of nearly 7000 books. Books left by students in Beit Hall were collected into a circulation library of around 400 items for personal non-academic recreational reading in the Union Building ; this became known as the Haldane Library, named after Richard Haldane , who had been involved in
2047-1110: The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) used in the U.S., European academic libraries sometimes develop their own systems to organize their collections. Academic libraries have transformed in the 21st century to focus less on physical collection development, information access, and digital resources. Today's academic libraries typically provide access to subscription-based online resources, including research databases and ebook collections, in addition to physical books and journals. Academic libraries also offer space for students to work and study, in groups or individually, on "silent floors" and reference and research help services, sometimes including virtual reference services. Some academic libraries lend out technology such as video cameras, iPads, and calculators. Many academic libraries have remodeled to reflect this changing focus as learning commons . Academic libraries and learning commons often house tutoring, writing centers , and other academic services. A major focus of modern academic libraries
2136-564: The Library of Trinity College Dublin (founded in 1592), and Vilnius University Library in Lithuania (founded in 1570). Unlike U.S. academic libraries, many academic libraries in Europe do not have open stacks like American academic libraries do, which can also apply to an institution's general collections. Although some European academic libraries utilize a classification system similar to or based upon
2225-470: The Science Museum library. Although this was not part of the college, it was used extensively by members of the college, acting as a reference library for items departmental collections did not cover. For most of the early 20th century the college's collection was spread out over the various constituent colleges and departments. The City and Guild's College building was home to a technical collection, with
2314-547: The Sony Reader in an agreement that saw the booksellers' branches and Sony Centre shops stock the reader exclusively for two weeks after its release. Waterstones.com began to supply e-books in the .epub format. In November 2009, Waterstones moved into second-hand bookselling in a partnership with Alibris setting up an online reselling tool called Waterstones Marketplace , part of Waterstones.com. In January 2010, HMV Group announced that Waterstones like-for-like sales over
2403-468: The Syrian civil war crisis through a nationwide campaign called "Buy Books for Syria". Further changes to shops were made in 2015, with the closure of Wimbledon and Birmingham New Street , the opening of The Rye Bookshop and a return to Welwyn Garden City . The company reported an operating income of £5.4 million and a further narrowing of losses to £4.5 million from £18.8 million the previous year. In
2492-950: The "real living wage". Waterstones maintains and supports various literary awards, including the Waterstones Book of the Year , the Waterstones Children's Book Prize , the Waterstones Debut Fiction Prize , Waterstones Irish Book of the Year, the Pushkin House Russian Book Prize, and the Waterstones Children's Laureate , as well as now-defunct awards including the Waterstones 11 and the Guardian First Book Award . The company has also received various industry and consumer awards. The prize, which has been running since 2012, sees booksellers from across
2581-505: The 7 libraries at Imperial with its collection covering all of the college's research departments, forming the main reference library for the college. It is situated on Queen's Lawn next to Imperial College Road , and across from Queen's Tower . The earliest library collection associated with the college was that of the Royal College of Chemistry , which opened in 1845. The collection was open not only to students, but also benefactors of
2670-620: The British press. Amazon has received sustained scrutiny for the amount of its overall sales that are reported by its UK subsidiary, in comparison to those "processed offshore in Luxembourg to avoid UK tax". In the 2012–13 financial year, Amazon paid £3.2 million in tax on sales of £4.2 billion and received £2.5 million in grants from the government. In the same period, it was revealed that Waterstones paid £11.9 million in tax, despite an operating loss of £25.4 million and sales of £410.4 million. In
2759-700: The Central Library was renamed after Nobel laureate Mohammad Abdus Salam , who founded Imperial College's theoretical physics department. The Abdus Salam Library building was opened in 1969 with the rest of what is today known as the Sherfield Building, and extensively uses exposed concrete surface as was common with British architecture at the time. The top two floors are more modern, with an open-plan interior and glass exterior walls, being built in 1997. The library contains training facilities, groups study areas, and an IT cluster and service desk. The Library Café
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2848-509: The Christmas period were down 8.5 per cent on the previous year. This culminated in the resignation of managing director Gerry Johnson, with immediate effect. He was replaced by development director Dominic Myers, who was managing director of the British academic bookselling chain Blackwells until 2005. Myers joined HMV in 2006 to oversee the integration of Ottakar's into the chain. In response to
2937-533: The Royal College of Science building containing a chemical reference library. Early on some professors, including Harold Maxwell-Lefroy , let students access their private collections due to the lack of extensive provisions at the college, however, in time the departmental libraries grew with donations of books from their leading academics, whose name they generally took, including the Egerton-Hinchley library at
3026-549: The Science Museum's collections were merged into a single library. Following a consultation with Foster and Partners in 1994, the library was renovated and a Waterstones bookstore opened as part of an expansion of the ground floor in 1997. Two additional modern glass-clad floors were added to the top of the building, with the extension designed by John McAslan + Partners . By the same year the Haldane collection, formed earlier from
3115-523: The UK, founded in 1797), and Foyles (a chain of seven bookshops in England). In April 2018, hedge fund Elliott Management Corporation bought a majority stake in the company. The bookseller has concession agreements with Paperchase and previously with coffee chains Costa Coffee and Starbucks in some shops, but since 2012 has introduced its own Café W brand. For a time, Waterstones sold e-readers , including in 2012 partnering with Amazon to sell
3204-470: The Waterstones chain by September 2008. In September 2018, Waterstones confirmed it would buy 115-year-old Foyles , with seven stores, while retaining the brand. James Daunt said the purchase would help "to protect and champion the pleasures of real bookshops in the face of Amazon's siren call". In February 2022, Waterstones acquired Blackwell's for an undisclosed sum. Tim Waterstone and James Daunt have been critical of tax avoidance by Amazon.com in
3293-479: The amalgamation of the Haldane library in the Central Library, had over a collection of over 40 000 items. The Science Museum Library finally closed in 2014, with resources being moved to the Dana Centre on Queen's Gate and off-site archives. From 2017 through to end of summer 2018 the library underwent significant renovations, including the introduction of air conditioning, at a cost of £11 million. In 2023,
3382-409: The ambition of creating a "different breed of bookshop", using techniques he had seen in the United States. He used literary authors in front-of-shop displays and employed highly literate staff. The model proved successful and the chain set about expanding its shop portfolio. In 1990 WHSmith took a strong minority stake in the chain, and ten years after its birth, by 1992, Waterstone's had grown to be
3471-412: The ancient world. The earliest academic libraries include the Library of Alexandria and the library at Nalanda University , which apparently burned for months because of the sheer number of manuscripts. The first colleges in the United States were largely intended to train clergy members. The libraries associated with these institutions largely consisted of donated books on the subjects of theology and
3560-413: The basis of a special collection department and they may include original papers, manuscripts, artwork, and artifacts written or created by a single author or about a specific subject. There is a great deal of variation among academic libraries based on their size, resources, collections, and services. The Harvard Library , which houses over 20 million volumes, is the largest strictly academic library in
3649-406: The classics. In 1766, Harvard University had the most volumes held followed by Yale University , which had 4,000 volumes. Access to these libraries was restricted to faculty members and a few students: the only staff was a part-time faculty member or the president of the college. The priority of the library was to protect the books, not to allow patrons to use them. In 1849, Yale was open 30 hours
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3738-479: The college, as a way of attracting funding and backing. The college went on to form part of the Royal School of Mines and then the Normal School of Science , with each having their own libraries, often part of larger museum collections. A central library at Imperial College dates back to the construction of the Royal College of Science 's building after the formation of Imperial in 1907, part of which became home to
3827-535: The company select a shortlist of books from any category, published at any time, before the winner is chosen by panel. Waterstones continued the Ottakar's Children's Book Prize under its own brand and since 2005, the Waterstone's Children's Book Prize has attempted "to uncover hidden talent in children's writing" by awarding authors with no more than two previously published books (adult or children's fiction). Waterstones
3916-482: The company's branches and on its website, with an intention to "make the Kindle experience better". This announcement was received with surprise across the book industry as it had been suggested that Waterstones was developing a partnership with Barnes & Noble to launch the Nook in the UK, or that the company was developing its own device, but Daunt "ultimately rejected" other avenues as Waterstones "would have been out of
4005-536: The company. This consultation led to Head Office staff departures and around 200 branch and regional managers leaving their posts. Waterstones launched a number of new partnerships through the year, including with the University of Derby to launch a professional qualification programme for its staff, with the Folio Society to extend customer reach and stock selection in London-based bookshops, and partnering with
4094-432: The connection with the retailer. Commentators were split on the ethics of the decision to open unbranded shops, but it was noted that at no point had attempts been made to hide the connection to the retailer. In interviews, James Daunt denied any "subterfuge" and said he wanted for the shops to behave as independent retailers do and have their own identity. He further stated that more unbranded shops were likely to open in
4183-472: The construction of new purpose built facility for the central library, which was completed in 1969 along with the adjoining College Block, today the Sherfield Building, with the Science Museum Library moving to the new building the same year. It was originally proposed for the Science Museum Library to be fully subsumed by the college's, however this plan was dropped by 1971. In 1992 the college's and
4272-543: The decision to leave the European Union, but remained pessimistic for the future. Accounts show that in the year ending April 2016, Waterstones made its first profit in seven years, of £11.7 million. This included increased profits in Ireland, with sales rising 7% over the year, with the company expressing a desire to open more shops in Ireland. The management board was reduced from seven members to three in August 2016, with
4361-553: The decline in sales, he implemented a three-year plan in which branches were tailored to their local market alongside a 'rejuvenation' of the company brand and an increase in range. As part of these changes, Waterstones implemented new branding in May 2010, developed by agency VentureThree. The company also moved to support the Rainbow Trust , which provides support to children with life-threatening and terminal illnesses and their families, in
4450-630: The departure of Miranda Curtis and a statement that the future composition was under review. Waterstones announced it had raised £300,000 for BookTrust in three years since partnering, and would continue the partnership for a fourth year. In April 2018, hedge fund Elliott Management Corporation bought a majority stake in the company, leaving Alexander Mamut 's Lynwood Investments with a minority holding. The sale completed in early June 2018. Daunt remained as chief executive. In 2021, an article in The Bookseller reported that Waterstones were planning
4539-538: The end of 2011. In May 2011, HMV Group announced the sale of Waterstones to A&NN Capital Fund Management, a fund controlled by Russian businessman Alexander Mamut for £53 million. The takeover was welcomed by publishers as "a step forward to re-establishing a proper physical presence". On 29 June 2011, the sale of Waterstones was completed and approved by the vast majority of shareholders at an emergency general meeting. Mamut appointed James Daunt , founder of Daunt Books , as managing director and, in October 2011,
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#17328587407224628-506: The first time in the UK along with older models. The Kindles were tailored with Waterstones screensavers, which led to some complaints and customers attempting to return their devices. The release of the Kindle coincided with a relaunch of the company's brand in the same month, pushing the message that the chain was the "nation's leading bookshop" and producing an exclusive anthology, the Waterstones Red Anthology , to help promote
4717-538: The formation of the college. It eventually moved out of the Union to a larger college facility, growing to 4500 volumes by the mid-1950s. The college also had access to the University of London 's library at Senate House for further material. In 1959 the first central library at Imperial was opened, known as the Lyon Playfair Library, at 180 Queen's Gate. It was named after Lord Playfair of St Andrews , who had been
4806-608: The future. Waterstones has worked with the British Safety Council to consider its environmental impact, including factors beyond its carbon footprint. After a 2008 audit, the Council awarded Waterstones three out of a possible five stars for environmental impact. As of March 2019 , Waterstones does not pay the "real living wage", as recommended by the Living Wage Foundation , and a rate significantly higher than
4895-467: The high costs of periodicals on acquisition budgets, which affected overall acquisition budgeting and ultimately public collections. Canadian academic libraries faced consistent problems relating to insufficient supplies and an overall lack of coordination among collections. Academic libraries within Canada might not have flourished or continued to be strengthened without the help of outside organizations. The Ontario Council of University Libraries (OCUL)
4984-518: The largest bookseller group in Europe. WHSmith then acquired the company in 1993 at an enterprise value of £47m, paying £5.27 a share on 8.1m 10p shares, a 53x multiple for the early-stage investors. Under WHSmith, Waterstones pursued international expansion, opening its first US shop in Boston in 1991, as well as further domestic expansion—opening its 100th UK shop in a former chapel in Reading . The chain
5073-403: The last year the book market has undergone a significant change with new levels of competition from the supermarkets and online retailers impacting all specialist booksellers and in particular those with insufficient scale to compete on equal terms." Following the takeover, HMV announced that they would be rebranding every branch of Ottakar's as a Waterstones. In July 2006, a conversion programme
5162-544: The majority of members. In 1976, the American Library Association (ALA) was formed with members including Melvil Dewey and Charles Ammi Cutter . Libraries re-prioritized to improve access to materials and found funding increasing due to increased demand for said materials. Academic libraries today vary regarding the extent to which they accommodate those not affiliated with their parent universities. Some offer reading and borrowing privileges to members of
5251-452: The market" before their implementation. It was also announced in May 2012 that the company would begin a refurbishment plan, with Mamut "investing tens of millions of pounds" to fund the refit of a planned 100 shops before the end of the year. The plan saw the introduction of wi-fi into shops, reorganisation of shop sections and space dedicated areas for Kindle devices, and a number of own-brand coffee shops called Café W . The Café W brand
5340-479: The move sparked outrage on Twitter , involving debate on whether the move was grammatically incorrect or not. Linguist David Crystal on his blog added: " ... if Waterstone's wants to become Waterstones, that's up to the firm. It's nothing to do with expressing possession or plurality or anything to do with meaning." In the same month, Waterstones confirmed plans to open a Russian-language bookshop in its Piccadilly branch, intending to stock 5,000 titles, with
5429-421: The official National Living Wage . More than 1,300 writers backed a campaign to ask Waterstones to pay the "real living wage". In response Waterstone managing director James Daunt said the company was "simply not profitable enough" and that "there's a long gap between wanting to do something and it being remotely sensible". Waterstones said that only Ikea , Majestic and Lush or other similar large retailers pay
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#17328587407225518-551: The payment and reporting of all necessary UK taxes, as set out under UK tax legislation." In the 2013–14 financial period, the first full year under A&NN, Waterstones reported sales to Companies House of £398.5 million and an operating loss of £12.2 million. Waterstones opened its first non-branded shop in Southwold , Suffolk in July 2014 called Southwold Books. The company decided not to use its branding as it wished to 'fit in' with
5607-616: The public on payment of an annual fee; such fees can vary greatly. The benefits usually do not extend to such services as computer usage other than to search the catalog or Internet access. Alumni and students of cooperating local universities may be given discounts or other considerations when arranging for borrowing privileges. On the other hand, some universities' libraries are restricted to students, faculty, and staff. Even in this case, they may make it possible for others to borrow materials through interlibrary loan programs. Libraries of land-grant universities generally are more accessible to
5696-474: The public. In some cases, they are official government document repositories and are required to be open to the public. Still, public members are generally charged fees for borrowing privileges and usually are not allowed to access everything they would be able to as students. Harvard Library at Harvard University , a private Ivy League university in Cambridge, Massachusetts , is the largest academic library in
5785-527: The refurbishment of physical shops, including the Canterbury branch, and work on its e-commerce routes through improvements to product ranking. Shops in Oxford Street Plaza, Edinburgh George Street and Reading Oracle were closed, Harpenden Books, Glasgow Fort and Tottenham Court Road were opened and Wimbledon and Watford were reopened in new sites. The newly opened shops benefitted from
5874-495: The removal of the apostrophe from its name because, James Daunt argued, "Waterstones without an apostrophe is, in a digital world of URLs and email addresses, a more versatile and practical spelling". This decision received media coverage, in which the company was subject to criticism. John Richards, of the Apostrophe Protection Society , said that the change was "just plain wrong" and "grammatically incorrect" while
5963-571: The reserves were supplied as actual books or as photocopies of appropriate journal articles. Modern academic libraries provide access to electronic resources. Academic libraries must determine a focus for collection development since comprehensive collections are not feasible. Librarians do this by identifying the needs of the faculty, student body, the mission and academic programs of the college or university. When there are particular areas of specialization in academic libraries, these are often referred to as niche collections. These collections are often
6052-616: The retail space over to books. This was followed, after a failed attempt to buy BlinkBox books from Tesco in January 2015, with Waterstones announcing it had sold its e-book business to Rakuten Kobo Inc. in May 2016, subsequently directing customers who had purchased e-books through the retailer to access their e-books via Kobo's eBook site. This sale represented an exit from the e-book and e-reader market for Waterstones after eight years and multiple platforms. The company partnered with Oxfam in 2015 to raise £1 million for those impacted by
6141-436: The same year, the booksellers' online operation, Waterstones.co.uk, was franchised to Amazon.com , with the company expressing a desire "to concentrate on its high street and campus shops". The move resulted in the loss of 50 jobs. In 2003, Waterstones announced it was supporting Dyslexia Action as its chosen charity, helping to raise awareness and understanding for dyslexia. In 2006, Giles stepped down from his position and
6230-664: The same year. After an announcement that profits would be at the lower end of analysts' forecasts due to falling sales and a share price fall of 20%, HMV Group indicated its intention to close a number of Waterstones branches in January 2011. These shop closures, including two in Dublin , Republic of Ireland and nine others across the United Kingdom occurred in February 2011. Further branch closures in Luton , Dorking , Lancaster University , Harrods , Gateshead and Norwich Arcade were completed by
6319-523: The shop being entirely staffed by Russian-speaking booksellers. The concession, named The Russian Bookshop , opened in March 2012. Following a decision in late 2011 to scrap an e-reading offer in-branch, it was announced in May 2012 that Waterstones would be selling the Amazon Kindle across its estate. James Daunt launched the new agreement with Amazon stating that Waterstones would be offering "e-reading services and offer Kindle digital devices" throughout
6408-467: The shops. By the end of 2012, the Waterstones estate had shrunk to 288 shops, with "commercial reasons" given for the closure of branches in Bromsgrove , Stevenage , Watford , Fleet Street , High Holborn and Epsom among others, with staff being redeployed where possible. In 2012, Daunt stated that future expansion was being considered, based on the performance of the company. The accounts for
6497-572: The takeover bid to the Competition Commission . In March 2006, the Competition Commission cleared Waterstones for takeover of the Ottakar's, stating that the takeover would "not result in a substantial lessening of competition", and is "not likely to affect book prices, range of titles offered or quality of service". Through extensive research, they also found that "contrary to widespread perception, Waterstones, like Ottakar's, operates
6586-686: The town's high proportion of independent retailers, but this move drew anger from local residents at the time as they viewed the move as "dishonest" and said that local shop rents were being increased because of retail chains moving in and this subsequently was "changing the character of the high street". Non-branded Waterstones became an issue again in 2016 at a national level, following newspaper reports about not only Southwold Books but two further shops, The Rye Bookshop in Sussex and Harpenden Books in Hertfordshire , being opened and local residents not realising
6675-430: The verge of decline. The total number of college and university libraries increased from 31 in 1959–1960 to 105 in 1969–1970. Following the growth of academic libraries in Canada during the 1960s, there was a brief period of sedation, which directly resulted from some significant budgetary issues. These academic libraries were faced with cost issues relating to the recently developed service of interlibrary lending and
6764-488: The world with over 20 million volumes, 400 million manuscripts, 10 million photographs, and one million maps. In Canada , academic libraries have been more recently developed than in other nations. The first academic library in Canada, opened in 1789, was in Windsor, Nova Scotia . Academic libraries were significantly small during the 19th century and up until the 1950s, when Canadian academic libraries began to grow steadily as
6853-599: The world, although the Danish Royal Library —a combined national and academic library—has a larger collection at about 37 million volumes. The University of California operates the largest academic library system in the world, managing about 41 million volumes across 100 libraries on ten campuses. Another notable example is the University of the South Pacific which has academic libraries distributed throughout its twelve member countries. Libraries date back to
6942-461: The year to 2012 showed Waterstones, prior- and post-acquisition had made losses of £37.3 million. Started in 2012 was an overhaul of the company's business strategy, with centralised decision-making giving way to shop-based decisions and a renewed emphasis on traditional bookselling techniques. Waterstones embarked on a major restructuring of staffing levels, with a company-wide consultation with 560 managerial staff to subsequently reduce roles within
7031-608: Was announced that A&NN Capital Fund Management, owned by Russian billionaire Alexander Mamut , had bought the chain for £53.5m and appointed James Daunt as managing director. The company is incorporated in England and Wales as Waterstones Booksellers Ltd , with its registered office at 203–206 Piccadilly , London (which is also the location of its flagship shop ). Waterstones also owns Hodges Figgis (the oldest bookshop in Ireland , founded in 1768), Hatchards (the oldest bookshop in
7120-539: Was appointed chairman of the group but stood down in 2001, citing "concerns for the way the company was being run", and was replaced by Alan Giles . A year later, all Dillons shops were rebranded as Waterstones, with some sold to rival Ottakar's , making the brand defunct. The chain had also begun pulling out of its US overseas venture. In 2001, Waterstones launched the Waterstones Books Quarterly magazine, containing book reviews and author interviews. In
7209-548: Was established in 1967 to promote unity among Canadian academic libraries. The Ontario College and University Library Association (OCULA) is attached to the Ontario Library Association (OLA) and is concerned with representing academic librarians regarding issues shared in the academic library setting. Among the earliest academic libraries in Europe are Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford (founded in 1602),
7298-761: Was initiated and within four months, every Ottakar's shop had been relaunched as a Waterstones and had seen the loss of 100 jobs. In August 2008, the now-defunct Borders chain agreed to sell eight Books Etc. shops to Waterstones for an undisclosed sum. The takeover, which represented 34,000 square feet (3,200 m ) of retail space and incurred no staff losses, increased Waterstones' presence within London to almost 50 shops, "crucially [in] areas that are not represented by Waterstones bookshops". The shops, in Fleet Street , London Wall, Holborn , Wandsworth , Uxbridge , Finchley Road and Canary Wharf , were rebranded and merged into
7387-462: Was named, the bookseller expanded rapidly until being sold in 1993 to WHSmith . In 1998, Waterstones was bought by a consortium of Waterstone, EMI and Advent International . The company was taken under the umbrella of HMV Group , which later merged the Dillons and Ottakar's brands into the company. Following several poor sets of results for the group, HMV put the chain up for sale. In May 2011, it
7476-480: Was overhauled in 2008, with the implementation of a 150,000-square-foot (14,000 m ) warehouse and distribution centre in Burton-upon-Trent . Existing direct-to-store deliveries from suppliers were replaced by a centralised warehouse capable of receiving merchandise and sorting an estimated 70 million books per year, and 200 staff were made redundant by the process. In September 2008, Waterstones began selling
7565-695: Was part of the eventual dismantling of the Net Book Agreement , when in 1991, following a promotion by then-rivals Dillons , the company decided to pursue its own discounting promotion on selected titles. By 1997, the agreement had collapsed and been declared illegal. Following an attempt by Tim Waterstone in 1997 to buy the entire WHSmith group, WHSmith sold the Waterstones chain for £300 million to HMV Media plc (now HMV Group )—a joint venture between EMI, Advent International and Tim Waterstone. This included high-street brands HMV and rival Dillons , creating an international entertainment retailer. Waterstone
7654-587: Was replaced by Gerry Johnson as managing director of Waterstones and Simon Fox as group CEO. In April 2006, following two bids by Permira for the group, Tim Waterstone attempted to buy back the company from HMV for £256 million, but later withdrew his offer, specifying that the conditions set by HMV were "too punitive" to accept. A strategic review in September saw Waterstones pull out of its franchise agreement with Amazon to re-launch its online business, Waterstones.com , independently. The chain also began to pilot
7743-714: Was the UK's second-largest bookseller behind Waterstones and was the bookselling arm of EMI's retail division, which included HMV . Dillons had acquired Hatchards . Following the demerger of Thorn and EMI in 1996, the retail arm was divested from the EMI portfolio within a year and spun off into the HMV Media Group, an investment venture between EMI Group and Advent International private equity group. This venture included HMV, Dillons and Waterstones (the latter bought from WHSmith for £300 million), combining to make an international entertainment retailer of more than 500 shops. Following
7832-520: Was trialled in the Sutton branch, with an expressed aim for around 130 shops over a three-year period to be fitted with a café. The announcement also noted the introduction of a "click-and-collect" service. The Amazon Kindle officially launched in-branch in October 2012 with an "outdoor and press advertising campaign" promoting the launch, with the Kindle Fire and Kindle Paperwhite model going on sale for
7921-611: Was widespread throughout Canada and was furthered by grants provided by the Canada Council and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council , which sought to enhance library collections. Since many academic libraries were constructed after World War II, a majority of the Canadian academic libraries that were built before 1940 that had not been updated to modern lighting, air conditioning, etc., are either no longer in use or are on
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