Misplaced Pages

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71-535: Dalton is an abandoned village in the middle of Highway 651 about 27 km or 30 minutes from Missanabie . There is a small train station and some old buildings that serve as summer cottages. The railroad passes through the little town that has some trails to get to the nearby lakes such as Ogasiwi lake. Dunns Valley is located 30 km north of Bruce Mines at the end of Highway 670. Franz ( 48°28′N 84°25′W  /  48.467°N 84.417°W  / 48.467; -84.417  ( Franz ) )

142-759: A railway siding on the Algoma Central Railway located 91 kilometres (57 mi) north of Sault Ste. Marie. It is located on Frater Lake at the boundary with Lake Superior Provincial Park , 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) from the Ontario Highway 17 (Trans-Canada Highway) and 4.3 kilometres (2.7 mi) from the shore of Lake Superior , and at geographic coordinates 47°20′12″N 84°33′02″W  /  47.33667°N 84.55056°W  / 47.33667; -84.55056 . Goudreau ( 48°15′00″N 84°31′59″W  /  48.250°N 84.533°W  / 48.250; -84.533  ( Goudreau ) )

213-463: A sunken body will bloat it with gas, causing it to float to the surface after a few days. But Lake Superior's water is cold enough year-round to inhibit bacterial growth , and bodies tend to sink and never resurface. Joe MacInnis reported that in July 1994, explorer Frederick Shannon's Expedition 94 to the wreck of Edmund Fitzgerald discovered a man's body near the port side of her pilothouse, not far from

284-475: A very small ratio (1.55) of catchment area to surface area, which indicates minimal terrestrial influence. American limnologist J. Val Klump was the first person to reach the lowest depth of Lake Superior on July 30, 1985, as part of a scientific expedition, which at 122 fathoms 1 foot (733 ft or 223 m) below sea level is the second-lowest spot in the continental interior of the United States and

355-686: Is Isle Royale in Michigan. Isle Royale contains several lakes, some of which also contain islands. Other well-known islands include Madeline Island in Wisconsin, Michipicoten Island in Ontario, and Grand Island (the location of the Grand Island National Recreation Area ) in Michigan. The larger cities on Lake Superior include the twin ports of Duluth, Minnesota , and Superior, Wisconsin ; Thunder Bay , Ontario; Marquette, Michigan ; and

426-408: Is 0.33 feet (0.10 m) below the datum. In the winter of 1926 Lake Superior reached its lowest recorded level at 1.58 feet (0.48 m) below the datum. Additionally, the entire first half of the year (January to June) included record low months. The low water was a continuation of the dropping lake levels from the previous year, 1925, which set low-water records for October through December. During

497-423: Is 4,229 feet (1,289 m) above sea level.) While the temperature of the surface of Lake Superior varies seasonally, the temperature below 110 fathoms (660 ft; 200 m) is an almost constant 39 °F (4 °C). This variation in temperature makes the lake seasonally stratified . Twice per year, however, the water column reaches a uniform temperature of 39 °F (4 °C) from top to bottom, and

568-493: Is 80.5 fathoms (483 ft; 147 m) with a maximum depth of 222.17 fathoms (1,333 ft; 406 m). Lake Superior contains 2,900 cubic miles (12,100 km ) of water. There is enough water in Lake Superior to cover the entire land mass of North and South America to a depth of 30 centimetres (12 in). The shoreline of the lake stretches 2,726 miles (4,387 km) (including islands). The lake boasts

639-483: Is a 52.8-kilometre (32.8 mi) route which connects the community of Missanabie with Highway 101, also providing access to the western side of the Chapleau Crown Game Preserve . The southern terminus of the route is a junction with Highway 101, midway between Wawa and Chapleau . From there it proceeds north through an isolated region of northern Ontario , passing through the thick forests of

710-528: Is a designated scenic road system connecting all of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. Lake Superior's size reduces the severity of the seasons of its humid continental climate (more typically seen in locations like Nova Scotia ). The water surface's slow reaction to temperature changes, seasonally ranging between 32 and 55 °F (0–13 °C) around 1970, helps to moderate surrounding air temperatures in

781-579: Is a dispersed rural community located at the junction of the Canadian National and the Algoma Central Railways , approximately halfway between Dubreuilville and Hearst , and is a stop for Via Rail's Canadian . Oba is 100.92 km (38.97 mi) and its population in 2021 was 5, a 66.7% decrease from 2016; 2 out of the 21 dwellings are occupied. The community is accessible by forest roads extending from Highway 583 , by train, or by boat;

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852-572: Is a rural settlement in the Unorganized North Part of Algoma District in northeastern Ontario , Canada . It is part of the Aweres local services board and is about 5 kilometres (3 mi) northeast of the community of Heyden , which sits on Ontario Highway 17 , and is also 21.1 kilometers (13.1 mi) northeast of Sault Ste. Marie , the district seat. The settlement is at the junction of Ontario Highway 552 and Ontario Highway 556 , and

923-783: Is a very small community located at the mouth of the Montreal River just south of Lake Superior Provincial Park . Immediately north of the community, the Montreal River Hill is one of the more famous segments of Ontario Highway 17 , simultaneously recognized for both its scenic vistas of the surrounding wilderness and its potential to create a bottleneck in the Trans-Canada Highway system because winter storms can render it impassable. The community of Northland Lake ( 46°42′29″N 84°7′20″W  /  46.70806°N 84.12222°W  / 46.70806; -84.12222 )

994-422: Is an old fire tower. Wabos ( 46°49′00″N 84°06′55″W  /  46.81667°N 84.11528°W  / 46.81667; -84.11528 ) is a railway siding along the Algoma Central Railway located approximately 8.6 kilometres (5.3 mi) north-west of Searchmont. Highway 651 (Ontario) Secondary Highway 651 , commonly referred to as Highway 651 , is a provincially maintained highway in

1065-449: Is an unusual record of environmental nitrogen buildup. It may relate to anthropogenic alternations to the regional nitrogen cycle , but researchers are still unsure of the causes of this change to the lake's ecology. As for other Great Lakes fish, populations have also been affected by the accidental or intentional introduction of foreign species such as the sea lamprey and Eurasian ruffe . Accidental introductions have occurred in part by

1136-429: Is centered at the intersection of the east–west and north–south portions of Highway 638 . Non-native settlers began farming in the area around the time the mines of Bruce Mines closed in 1875. In November, 1889, William Moor, a farmer prospecting after the fall harvest, found ore containing gold atop a ridge overlooking what was then Lake Ickta (now Havilah Lake). After some ownership dispute, American investors organized

1207-431: Is home to the annual Northern Vibe Festival, a cannabis related festival consisting of music, art, and cannabis related festivities. The community of Ranger Lake ( 46°52′25″N 83°34′50″W  /  46.87361°N 83.58056°W  / 46.87361; -83.58056 ) is located along Highway 556 at the south end of the lake with the same name. It is mostly a collection of summer cottages and resorts. There

1278-420: Is located along Highway 638 . At one time there was a gold mine at Bass Lake, a few kilometres north of Leeburn. The quality of the ore found was not sufficient to make the mine profitable. Lochalsh ( 48°21′00″N 84°16′00″W  /  48.35000°N 84.26667°W  / 48.35000; -84.26667 ) is a ghost town and rail siding located at the very south end of Wabatongushi Lake , along

1349-462: Is located at the junction of the Canadian Pacific and Algoma Central Railways near Hobon Lake , 209 kilometres (130 mi) north of Sault Ste. Marie and 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Chapleau . Franz once had a booming economy in forestry , transportation and mining . The community's original name was Hobon. In 1914, the post office's name was changed to Franz, and the railway station

1420-556: Is located near Highway 556 and found by following the Northland Lake Road that intersects it . The community is mostly a collection of summer cottages. The Algoma Central Railway also operated a train station in the community by the name of Northland Station. The building still stands to this day but has been converted to a private cottage. Oba ( 49°03′33″N 84°06′14″W  /  49.05917°N 84.10389°W  / 49.05917; -84.10389  ( Oba ) )

1491-629: The Algoma Central Railway passes through the community. Island Lake was once home to Canadian Military installments—some buildings still remain in the area, however much have been either torn down or completely renovated. Island lake was also once the location of a train station—part of the Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway 's Main Line. To see the full—main article, click below. Leeburn ( 46°28′00″N 83°48′52″W  /  46.46667°N 83.81444°W  / 46.46667; -83.81444 )

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1562-782: The Canada–United States border with the Canadian province of Ontario to the north and east and the U.S. states of Minnesota to the west and Michigan and Wisconsin to the south. It drains into Lake Huron via St. Marys River , then through the lower Great Lakes to the St. Lawrence River and ultimately the Atlantic Ocean. The Ojibwe name for the lake is gichi-gami (in syllabics : ᑭᒋᑲᒥ , pronounced gitchi-gami or kitchi-gami in different dialects), meaning "great sea". Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote this name as " Gitche Gumee " in

1633-545: The Canadian province of Ontario . The highway is 52.8 kilometres (32.8 mi) in length, connecting Highway 101 east of Wawa with the remote community of Missanabie . Highway 651 was established on the Centennial anniversary of Confederation , but did not connect to any other roads originally; access to the route was provided from Missanabie. It was extended south to connect with Highway 101 in 1969. Highway 651

1704-603: The Canadian Pacific Railway between Missanabie and Franz. A taxi ran between Lochalsh, Goudreau, and the Cline Mine. When the mine closed in 1946, both towns became ghost towns. There are still active mining operations in the area as well as a few ghost mines. The area around Lochalsh has a population of one. Montreal River or Montreal River Harbour ( 47°14′25″N 84°38′45″W  /  47.24028°N 84.64583°W  / 47.24028; -84.64583 )

1775-459: The Canadian Shield . At the midpoint of the route, a short road branches off to the east, connecting with Dalton , a siding on the Canadian Pacific Railway 's transcontinental line. North of Dalton, the railway — which acts as the southwestern boundary of the preserve — and highway travel parallel to one another. The route ends immediately east of Missinabie. Highway 651 was assumed by

1846-458: The Department of Highways (DHO) on the day of Canada's Centennial, July 1, 1967. At that point in time, Highway 101 had not yet been completed between Wawa and Chapleau , and so the route was connected to the rest of the province solely by rail. The isolated highway provided access between the community of Missanabie and the flag stop at Dalton, to the south. It was approximately half of

1917-671: The Hudson Bay watershed, are regulated by the International Lake Superior Board of Control , which was established in 1914 by the International Joint Commission . Lake Superior's water level was at a new record low in September 2007, slightly less than the previous record low in 1926. Water levels recovered within a few days. Historic high water The lake's water level fluctuates from month to month, with

1988-596: The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario . The entire route is located in Algoma District .   Lake Superior Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area and the third-largest freshwater lake by volume , holding 10% of the world's surface fresh water. Located in central North America, it is the northernmost and westernmost of the Great Lakes of North America , straddling

2059-716: The Ontario College of Family Physicians in 1970–71, he closed his family practice in 1992 but worked as a surgical assistant until he was 84. McPhee died in 2019, at the age of 94, in Barrie , at the Royal Victoria Hospital . North of Ophir, this region was settled in the late 19th century for primarily agricultural reasons. The community comprises all peoples living along the Thessalon River and its tributaries. The community's major exports are beef and timber; Poplar Dale

2130-732: The Pic River , the White River , the Michipicoten River , the Bois Brule River and the Kaministiquia River . The lake's outlet at St. Marys River has a relatively steep gradient with rapids. The Soo Locks enable ships to bypass the rapids and to overcome the 25-foot (8 m) height difference between Lakes Superior and Huron. The lake's average surface elevation is 600 feet (183 m) above sea level . Until approximately 1887,

2201-739: The Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve . Storms that claimed multiple ships include the Mataafa Storm in November 1905 and the Great Lakes Storm of 1913 . Wreckage of SS  Cyprus —a 420-foot (130 m) ore carrier that sank on October 11, 1907, during a Lake Superior storm in 77 fathoms (460 ft or 140 m) of water—was located in August 2007. Built in Lorain, Ohio , Cyprus

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2272-495: The lake effect snow belts along the shores of the lake, especially in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan . Two recent consecutive winters (2013–2014 and 2014–2015) brought high ice coverage to the Great Lakes, and on March 6, 2014, overall ice coverage peaked at 92.5%, the second-highest in recorded history. Lake Superior's ice coverage further beat 2014's record in 2019, reaching 95% coverage. The largest island in Lake Superior

2343-513: The Hudson's Bay Company name. Many towns around the lake are current or former mining areas, or engaged in processing or shipping. Today, tourism is another significant industry: the sparsely populated Lake Superior country, with its rugged shorelines and wilderness, attracts vacationers and adventurers. Lake Superior has been an important link in the Great Lakes Waterway , providing a route for

2414-593: The Midcontinent Rift, and there are several amethyst mines in the Thunder Bay area. Lava erupted from the rift and formed the black basalt rock of Michipicoten Island, Black Bay Peninsula, and St. Ignace Island . In the most recent geological history, during the Wisconsin glaciation 10,000 years ago, ice covered the region at a thickness of 1.25 miles (2 km). The land contours familiar today were carved by

2485-548: The Ojibwe name as Otchipwe-kitchi-gami (a transliteration of Ojibwe Gichigami ). In the 17th century, the first French explorers approached the great inland sea by way of the Ottawa River and Lake Huron; they referred to their discovery as le lac supérieur (the upper lake, i.e., above Lake Huron). Some 17th-century Jesuit missionaries referred to it as Lac Tracy (for Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy ). After taking control of

2556-556: The Ophir Gold Mining Company (named after the biblical Ophir ) to purchase the land in 1892. A small mining town was built, and gold mining operations commenced in 1893, producing 2489 tons of ore worth $ 8459. Operations ceased due to a financial panic in the United States and a fatal mining accident. The name of the mine and lake were changed to Havilah , another biblical reference, as mining resumed from 1910 to 1911, but

2627-478: The advance and retreat of the ice sheet . The retreat left gravel, sand, clay and boulder deposits. Glacial meltwaters gathered in the Superior basin creating Lake Minong , a precursor to Lake Superior. Without the immense weight of the ice, the land rebounded , and a drainage outlet formed at Sault Ste. Marie, becoming today's St. Mary's River. The first people came to the Lake Superior region 10,000 years ago after

2698-609: The arrival of Europeans, the Anishinaabe made themselves middle-men between the French fur traders and other Native peoples. They soon became the dominant Native American nation in the region: they forced out the Sioux and Fox and won a victory against the Iroquois west of Sault Ste. Marie in 1662. By the mid-18th century, the Ojibwe occupied all of Lake Superior's shores. In the 18th century, as

2769-586: The booming fur trade supplied Europe with beaver hats , the Hudson's Bay Company had a virtual monopoly in the region until 1783, when the rival North West Company was formed. The North West Company built forts on Lake Superior at Grand Portage , Fort William , Nipigon, the Pic River, the Michipicoten River, and Sault Ste. Marie. But by 1821, with competition harming the profits of both, the companies merged under

2840-466: The community is popular with fishers and hunters due to the abundance of forestry and streams or lakes in the area and is the location of a remote Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources, and Forestry office. Ophir ( 46°27′48″N 83°43′44″W  /  46.46333°N 83.72889°W  / 46.46333; -83.72889  ( Ophir ) ) is a sparsely populated farming community located 25 km north of Bruce Mines . It

2911-474: The current length of the route. Highway 651 was assumed by the DHO on the same day as the section of Highway 101 between Wawa and Chapleau opened, though it did not connect to it at first. A southward extension of Highway 651 to intersect it opened to traffic on April 30, 1969. The route has remained unchanged since that time. The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 651, as noted by

Unorganized North Algoma District - Misplaced Pages Continue

2982-444: The demand for gold came second to iron and steel for the war. The mines eventually closed down as costs increased. Located along Highway 519 , Goudreau is now a virtual ghost town , still used for logging operations and summer homes. Harmony Beach is a small community built around a beach on Lake Superior. Havilland Bay is a small unincorporated community built around a beach on Lake Superior . Island Lake (46.6711° N 84.2687°W)

3053-608: The direct ancestors of the Ojibwe and Cree . The people of the Laurel complex (c. 500 BC to AD 500) developed seine net fishing, evidence being found at rivers around Superior such as the Pic and Michipicoten. The people of the Terminal Woodland period were evident in the area from AD 900 to 1650. They were Algonquian peoples who hunted, fished and gathered berries. They used snowshoes , birch bark canoes and conical or domed lodges. At

3124-582: The east via 638 & Highway 17 , in Sault Ste. Marie . Ophir was the birthplace of the late Dr. James McPhee , a veteran of World War II who was shot down from the sky in Germany, he was imprisoned in a German war camp near Auschwitz , and later escaped—he would ultimately help found the Mackenzie Richmond Hill Hospital , where he was chief of staff. McPhee would later serve as president of

3195-526: The highest lake levels in October and November. The normal high-water mark is 1.17 feet (0.36 m) above the datum (601.1 ft or 183.2 m). In the summer of 1985, Lake Superior reached its highest recorded level at 2.33 feet (0.71 m) above the datum. 2019 and 2020 set new high-water records in nearly every month. Historic low water The lake's lowest levels occur in March and April. The normal low-water mark

3266-621: The lake appeared to have increased by about 4.5 °F (2.5 °C) between 1979 and 2007, compared with an approximately 2.7 °F (1.5 °C) increase in the surrounding average air temperature. The increase in the lake's surface temperature may be related to the decreasing ice cover. Less winter ice cover allows more solar radiation to penetrate and warm the water. If trends continue, Lake Superior, which freezes over completely once every 20 years, could routinely be ice-free by 2040 although more current data through 2021 does not support this trend. Warmer temperatures could lead to more snow in

3337-527: The lake waters thoroughly mix. This feature makes the lake dimictic . Because of its volume, Lake Superior has a retention time of 191 years. Annual storms on Lake Superior regularly feature wave heights of over 20 feet (6 m). Waves well over 30 feet (9 m) have been recorded. Lake Superior is fed by more than 200 rivers, including the Nipigon River , the St. Louis River , the Pigeon River ,

3408-522: The lake. With 78 crewmembers dead, their sinking marked the largest loss of life on Lake Superior to date. SS  Edmund Fitzgerald is the last ship that sank in Lake Superior, 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) from Whitefish Point in a storm on November 10, 1975. The wreck was immortalized by Gordon Lightfoot in his ballad "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald " . All 29 crew members died, and no bodies were recovered. Edmund Fitzgerald

3479-674: The most frequently mined. Notable production includes gold from the Hemlo mine near Marathon , copper from the Keweenaw Peninsula and the Mamainse Point Formation , iron from the Gogebic Range , silver at Silver Islet , and uranium at Theano Point. The mountains steadily eroded, depositing layers of sediments that compacted and became limestone , dolomite , taconite and the shale at Kakabeka Falls . The continental crust

3550-567: The mouth of the Michipicoten River, nine layers of encampments have been discovered. Most of the Pukaskwa Pits were likely made during this time. The Anishinaabe people (an ethnic grouping including the Ojibwe/Chippewa ) have inhabited the Lake Superior region for over five hundred years and were preceded by the Dakota , Meskwaki (Fox) , Menominee , Nipigon, Noquet and Gros Ventres . After

3621-529: The natural hydraulic conveyance through the St. Marys River rapids determined the outflow from Lake Superior. By 1921, development in support of transportation and hydroelectric power resulted in gates, locks, power canals and other control structures completely spanning St. Marys rapids. The regulating structure is known as the Compensating Works and is operated according to a regulation plan known as Plan 1977-A. Water levels, including diversions of water from

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3692-505: The nine-month period of October 1925 to June 1926, water levels ranged from 1.58 feet (0.48 m) to 0.33 feet (0.10 m) below Chart Datum. In the summer of 2007 monthly historic lows were set; August at 0.66 feet (0.20 m), and September at 0.58 feet (0.18 m). According to a study by professors at the University of Minnesota Duluth , Lake Superior may have warmed faster than its surrounding area. Summer surface temperatures in

3763-1027: The open door, "fully clothed, wearing an orange life jacket, and lying face down in the sediment". In February 2024 it was announced that wreckage from the Arlington was discovered from a sinking in 1940. More than 80 species of fish have been found in Lake Superior. Species native to the lake include banded killifish , bloater , brook trout , burbot , cisco , lake sturgeon , lake trout , lake whitefish , longnose sucker , muskellunge , northern pike , pumpkinseed , rock bass , round whitefish , smallmouth bass , walleye , white sucker and yellow perch . In addition, many fish species have been either intentionally or accidentally introduced to Lake Superior: Atlantic salmon , brown trout , carp , chinook salmon , coho salmon , freshwater drum , pink salmon , rainbow smelt , rainbow trout , round goby , ruffe , sea lamprey and white perch . Lake Superior has fewer dissolved nutrients relative to its water volume than

3834-622: The operation and its buildings were subsequently abandoned. Ophir and area are still home to abandoned mine shafts and buildings; however, much are on private property and have not been maintained in decade. The area has also been referred to as 'Mcphee's Valley', an ode to a former family who settled in the community. Ophir has a volunteer fire department and area roads are patrolled by the OPP ; major government services are delivered either 25 km south, via Highway 638 , in Bruce Mines , or 59 km to

3905-514: The other Great Lakes and so is less productive in terms of fish populations and is an oligotrophic lake . This is a result of the underdeveloped soils found in its relatively small watershed. It is also a reflection of relatively small human population and small amount of agriculture in its watershed. However, nitrate concentrations in the lake have been continuously rising for more than a century. They are still much lower than levels considered dangerous to human health; but this steady, long-term rise

3976-558: The other Great Lakes began sailing in 1816. Ice closes the lake shipping from mid-January to late March. Exact dates for the shipping season vary each year, depending on weather conditions that form and break the ice. The southern shore of Lake Superior between Grand Marais, Michigan , and Whitefish Point is known as the " Graveyard of the Great Lakes "; more ships have been lost around the Whitefish Point area than any other part of Lake Superior. These shipwrecks are now protected by

4047-451: The poem The Song of Hiawatha , as did Gordon Lightfoot in his song " The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald ". According to other sources, the full Ojibwe name is ᐅᒋᑉᐧᐁ ᑭᒋᑲᒥ Ojibwe Gichigami ("Ojibwe's Great Sea") or ᐊᓂᐦᔑᓈᐯ ᑭᒋᑲᒥ Anishinaabe Gichigami (" Anishinaabe 's Great Sea"). The 1878 dictionary by Father Frederic Baraga , the first one written for the Ojibway language, gives

4118-550: The region from the French in the 1760s following their defeat in the French and Indian War , the British anglicized the lake's name to Superior , "on account of its being superior in magnitude to any of the lakes on that vast continent". Lake Superior empties into Lake Huron via the St. Marys River and the Soo Locks (Sault Ste. Marie locks). Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in

4189-489: The retreat of the glaciers in the Last Glacial Period . They are known as the Plano , and they used stone-tipped spears to hunt caribou on the northwestern side of Lake Minong. The Shield Archaic peoples arrived around 5000 BC; evidence of this culture can be found at the eastern and western ends of the Canadian shore. They used bows and arrows, paddled dugout canoes, fished, hunted, mined copper for tools and weapons, and established trading networks. They are believed to be

4260-413: The summer (cooler with frequent sea breeze formations) and winter, and creates lake-effect snow in colder months. The hills and mountains that border the lake hold moisture and fog, particularly in the fall. The rocks of Lake Superior's northern shore date back to the early history of the earth. During the Precambrian (between 4.5 billion and 540 million years ago) magma forcing its way to

4331-399: The surface created the intrusive granites of the Canadian Shield . These ancient granites can be seen on the North Shore today. It was during the Penokean orogeny , part of the process that created the Great Lakes tectonic zone , that many valuable metals were deposited. The region surrounding the lake has proved to be rich in minerals, with copper , iron , silver , gold and nickel

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4402-402: The third-lowest spot in the interior of the North American continent after Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada (1,503 ft or 458 m below sea level) and Iliamna Lake in Alaska 942 ft or 287 m. (Though Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States and deeper than Lake Superior, Crater Lake's elevation is higher and consequently its deepest point

4473-403: The transportation of iron ore as well as grain and other mined and manufactured materials. Large cargo vessels called lake freighters , as well as smaller ocean-going freighters , transport these commodities across Lake Superior. Shipping was slow to arrive at Lake Superior in the 19th century. The first steamboat to run on the lake was the Independence in 1847, whereas the first steamers on

4544-636: The twin cities of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan , and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario . Duluth-Superior , at the western end of Lake Superior, is the most inland point on the Saint Lawrence Seaway and the most inland port in the world. Among the scenic places on the lake are Apostle Islands National Lakeshore , Brockway Mountain Drive on the Keweenaw Peninsula , Isle Royale National Park , Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park , Pukaskwa National Park , Lake Superior Provincial Park , Grand Island National Recreation Area, Sleeping Giant (Ontario) and Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore . The Great Lakes Circle Tour

4615-464: The war ended, the market fell and the mine ceased operations. Other mines soon set up operations in the area. They went by the names of The Emily, Algold, Algoma Summit and The Edward. Each mine had a town site for their employees. The town continued to grow, with the building of a two-storey railway station, workers homes and a movie theatre. A post office was built in 1915 and closed in 1966. The Second World War ultimately led to Goudreau's demise as

4686-535: The world by area and the third largest in volume, behind Lake Baikal in Siberia and Lake Tanganyika in East Africa . The Caspian Sea , while larger than Lake Superior in both surface area and volume, is brackish . Lake Superior has a surface area of 31,700 square miles (82,103 km ), which is approximately the size of South Carolina or Austria . It has a maximum length of 350 statute miles (560  km ; 300  nmi ) and maximum breadth of 160 statute miles (257 km; 139 nmi). Its average depth

4757-406: Was battered so intensely by Lake Superior that the 729-foot (222 m) ship split in half; her two pieces lie approximately 170 feet (52 m) apart at a depth of 88 fathoms (530 ft or 160 m). Lightfoot sings that "Superior, they said, never gives up her dead". This is because of the unusually cold water, under 36 °F (2 °C) on average around 1970. Normally, bacteria decaying

4828-432: Was built as a stopping point along the Algoma Central Railway . When the Cline mine opened, Goudreau sprang to life with some 200 residents coming to the area to work. Not all of the residents worked in the mine; some of them were prospectors in search of the gold, silver, copper and iron pyrite. During the First World War , the mine was leased to the Nichols Chemicals company for the production of sulphuric acid . After

4899-419: Was later riven , creating one of the deepest rifts in the world. The lake lies in this long-extinct Mesoproterozoic rift valley , the Midcontinent Rift . Magma was injected between layers of sedimentary rock , forming diabase sills . This hard diabase protects the layers of sedimentary rock below, forming the flat-topped mesas in the Thunder Bay area. Amethyst formed in some of the cavities created by

4970-430: Was launched August 17, 1907, and was lost on her second voyage hauling iron ore from Superior, Wisconsin, to Buffalo, New York , with the sole survivor among her 23 crew being Charles G. Pitz. In 1918 the last warships to sink in the Great Lakes, French minesweepers Inkerman and Cerisoles , vanished in a Lake Superior storm, perhaps upon striking the uncharted danger of the Superior Shoal in an otherwise deep part of

5041-437: Was renamed from Hobon to Franz Station after former Algoma Steel executive William Charles Franz. The station closed in 1991 and the building was moved to Dubreuilville , where it serves as a library and tourist office. Today, Franz is little more than a forgotten ghost town, with many memories of the past either in complete disrepair or torn down. Frater is an uninhabited dispersed rural community and unincorporated place with

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