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51-1311: Royal Victoria Hospital may refer to: General hospitals [ edit ] Canada [ edit ] Royal Victoria Hospital, Barrie , Ontario, Canada (established 1891) Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal , Quebec, Canada (established 1893) United Kingdom [ edit ] Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast , Northern Ireland (established 1873) Royal Victoria Hospital, Bournemouth , England (established 1889) Royal Victoria Hospital, Dover , England (established 1851) Royal Victoria Hospital, Dundee , Scotland (established 1899) Royal Victoria Hospital, Edinburgh , Scotland (established 1894) Royal Victoria Hospital, Folkestone , England (established 1846) Royal Victoria Infirmary , Newcastle upon Tyne, England (established 1751) Specialist hospitals [ edit ] Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Bournemouth , England (established 1887) Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital , Dublin, Ireland (established 1897) Royal Victoria Military Hospital, or Netley Hospital , Hampshire, England (established 1856) See also [ edit ] Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital , East Melbourne, Victoria Victoria Hospital (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

102-659: A NICU ). The earliest mentions of child-specific medical problems appear in the Hippocratic Corpus , published in the fifth century B.C., and the famous Sacred Disease . These publications discussed topics such as childhood epilepsy and premature births. From the first to fourth centuries A.D., Greek philosophers and physicians Celsus , Soranus of Ephesus , Aretaeus , Galen , and Oribasius , also discussed specific illnesses affecting children in their works, such as rashes, epilepsy, and meningitis. Already Hippocrates , Aristotle , Celsus , Soranus , and Galen understood

153-481: A Child as an ethical principle for pediatric decision-making, and it is still being used today. The majority of the time, parents have the authority to decide what happens to their child. Philosopher John Locke argued that it is the responsibility of parents to raise their children and that God gave them this authority. In modern society, Jeffrey Blustein, modern philosopher and author of the book Parents and Children: The Ethics of Family , argues that parental authority

204-405: A child and predict to what extent it will affect the child in the future. Genetic and intellectual disorders in children make them incapable of making moral decisions, so people look down upon this kind of testing because the child's future autonomy is at risk. It is still in question whether parents should request these types of testing for their children. Medical experts argue that it could endanger

255-630: A college or university, which will get them a BS, BA or other bachelor's degree. After completing college, future pediatricians will need to attend 4 years of medical school (MD/DO/MBBS) and later do 3 more years of residency training, the first year of which is called "internship." After completing the 3 years of residency, physicians are eligible to become certified in pediatrics by passing a rigorous test that deals with medical conditions related to young children. In high school, future pediatricians are required to take basic science classes such as biology, chemistry, physics, algebra, geometry, and calculus. It

306-514: A lack of knowledge in pediatric medicine. Sushruta Samhita , an ayurvedic text composed during the sixth century BCE, contains the text about pediatrics. Another ayurvedic text from this period is Kashyapa Samhita . A second century AD manuscript by the Greek physician and gynecologist Soranus of Ephesus dealt with neonatal pediatrics. Byzantine physicians Oribasius , Aëtius of Amida , Alexander Trallianus , and Paulus Aegineta contributed to

357-545: A larger volume of distribution than adults, which directly affects the dosing of hydrophilic drugs such as beta-lactam antibiotics like ampicillin. Thus, these drugs are administered at greater weight-based doses or with adjusted dosing intervals in children to account for this key difference in body composition. Infants and neonates also have fewer plasma proteins. Thus, highly protein-bound drugs have fewer opportunities for protein binding, leading to increased distribution. Drug metabolism primarily occurs via enzymes in

408-657: A result, mothers, midwives, "wise women", and general practitioners treated the children instead of doctors. Since mothers could not rely on professional medicine to take care of their children, they developed their own methods, such as using alkaline soda ash to remove the vernix at birth and treating teething pain with opium or wine. The absence of proper pediatric care, rights, and laws in health care to prioritize children's health led to many of their deaths. Ancient Greeks and Romans sometimes even killed healthy female babies and infants with deformities since they had no adequate medical treatment and no laws prohibiting infanticide. In

459-661: Is also advisable to learn a foreign language (preferably Spanish in the United States) and be involved in high school organizations and extracurricular activities. After high school, college students simply need to fulfill the basic science course requirements that most medical schools recommend and will need to prepare to take the MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) in their junior or early senior year in college. Once attending medical school, student courses will focus on basic medical sciences like human anatomy, physiology, chemistry, etc., for

510-404: Is considered to be the founder of modern pediatrics as a medical specialty, while his work The diseases of children, and their remedies (1764) is considered to be "the first modern textbook on the subject". However, it was not until the nineteenth century that medical professionals acknowledged pediatrics as a separate field of medicine. The first pediatric-specific publications appeared between

561-573: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre The Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre is a 299-bed acute care facility. With a team of over 380 physicians, 2,500 staff members and 850 volunteers, the RVH provides healthcare specializing in cancer care, surgical services , critical care , mental health rehabilitation services, as well as women and children's programs . The Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre

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612-447: Is equipped with appropriate heating and cooling units. This fully-functioning, 70-bed field hospital is not intended to directly care for COVID-19 patients, but rather is meant to alleviate patient overflow challenges. As such, it is one of only three such sites in the province and allows RVH to assist overloaded zones like Toronto. Pediatrics Pediatrics ( American English ) also spelled paediatrics ( British English ),

663-421: Is essential to degrading certain oral drugs before systemic absorption. Therefore, the absorption of these drugs in children is greater than in adults due to decreased breakdown and increased preservation in a less acidic gastric space. Children also have an extended rate of gastric emptying, which slows the rate of drug absorption. Drug absorption also depends on specific enzymes that come in contact with

714-403: Is granted because the child requires parents to satisfy their needs. He believes that parental autonomy is more about parents providing good care for their children and treating them with respect than parents having rights. The researcher Kyriakos Martakis, MD, MSc, explains that research shows parental influence negatively affects children's ability to form autonomy. However, involving children in

765-442: Is known as a pediatrician , or paediatrician . The word pediatrics and its cognates mean "healer of children", derived from the two Greek words: παῖς ( pais "child") and ἰατρός ( iatros "doctor, healer"). Pediatricians work in clinics, research centers, universities, general hospitals and children's hospitals , including those who practice pediatric subspecialties (e.g. neonatology requires resources available in

816-455: Is needed to better understand how these factors should affect the decisions of healthcare providers when prescribing and administering medications to the pediatric population. Many drug absorption differences between pediatric and adult populations revolve around the stomach. Neonates and young infants have increased stomach pH due to decreased acid secretion, thereby creating a more basic environment for drugs that are taken by mouth. Acid

867-509: Is that children are not simply "little adults". The clinician must take into account the immature physiology of the infant or child when considering symptoms, prescribing medications, and diagnosing illnesses. Pediatric physiology directly impacts the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs that enter the body. The absorption , distribution , metabolism , and elimination of medications differ between developing children and grown adults. Despite completed studies and reviews, continual research

918-670: Is the Hôpital des Enfants Malades ( French : Hospital for Sick Children ), which opened in Paris in June 1802 on the site of a previous orphanage. From its beginning, this famous hospital accepted patients up to the age of fifteen years, and it continues to this day as the pediatric division of the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital , created in 1920 by merging with the nearby Necker Hospital , founded in 1778. In other European countries,

969-558: Is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants , children , adolescents , and young adults. In the United Kingdom , pediatrics covers many of their youth until the age of 18. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people seek pediatric care through the age of 21, but some pediatric subspecialists continue to care for adults up to 25. Worldwide age limits of pediatrics have been trending upward year after year. A medical doctor who specializes in this area

1020-422: Is the concept of paternalism, which negates autonomy when it is in the patient's interests. This concept aims to keep the child's best interests in mind regarding autonomy. Pediatricians can interact with patients and help them make decisions that will benefit them, thus enhancing their autonomy. However, radical theories that question a child's moral worth continue to be debated today. Authors often question whether

1071-529: Is the only hospital in Barrie and is the regional hospital for a large geographical region including central Simcoe County Barrie, Innisfil (Alcona, Stroud, Gilford), Springwater (Elmvale, Midhurst, Minesing, Snow Valley), south Oro- Medonte (Horseshoe Valley, Shanty Bay), a small portion of Essa Township (Ivy, Thornton). The hospital dates to 1891, when it was known as the Barrie General Hospital , which

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1122-573: Is why it is important to consider lower doses and greater dosing intervals for this population. Diseases that negatively affect kidney function can also have the same effect and thus warrant similar considerations. A major difference between the practice of pediatric and adult medicine is that children, in most jurisdictions and with certain exceptions, cannot make decisions for themselves. The issues of guardianship , privacy, legal responsibility, and informed consent must always be considered in every pediatric procedure. Pediatricians often have to treat

1173-686: The Charité (a hospital founded in 1710) in Berlin established a separate Pediatric Pavilion in 1830, followed by similar institutions at Saint Petersburg in 1834, and at Vienna and Breslau (now Wrocław ), both in 1837. In 1852 Britain's first pediatric hospital, the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street was founded by Charles West . The first Children's hospital in Scotland opened in 1860 in Edinburgh . In

1224-511: The Pediatric Incunabula , four great medical treatises on children's physiology and pathology. While more information about childhood diseases became available, there was little evidence that children received the same kind of medical care that adults did. It was during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that medical experts started offering specialized care for children. The Swedish physician Nils Rosén von Rosenstein (1706–1773)

1275-584: The 1790s and the 1920s. The term pediatrics was first introduced in English in 1859 by Abraham Jacobi . In 1860, he became "the first dedicated professor of pediatrics in the world." Jacobi is known as the father of American pediatrics because of his many contributions to the field. He received his medical training in Germany and later practiced in New York City . The first generally accepted pediatric hospital

1326-689: The US), usually lasting four or five years, have previously completed a three- or four-year university degree, commonly but by no means always in sciences. Medical graduates hold a degree specific to the country and university in and from which they graduated. This degree qualifies that medical practitioner to become licensed or registered under the laws of that particular country, and sometimes of several countries, subject to requirements for " internship " or "conditional registration". Pediatricians must undertake further training in their chosen field. This may take from four to eleven or more years depending on jurisdiction and

1377-755: The US, the first similar institutions were the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , which opened in 1855, and then Boston Children's Hospital (1869). Subspecialties in pediatrics were created at the Harriet Lane Home at Johns Hopkins by Edwards A. Park . The body size differences are paralleled by maturation changes. The smaller body of an infant or neonate is substantially different physiologically from that of an adult. Congenital defects, genetic variance, and developmental issues are of greater concern to pediatricians than they often are to adult physicians. A common adage

1428-408: The age of 13. Recently, studies made on the decision-making of children have challenged that age to be 12. Technology has made several modern advancements that contribute to the future development of child autonomy, for example, unsolicited findings (U.F.s) of pediatric exome sequencing. They are findings based on pediatric exome sequencing that explain in greater detail the intellectual disability of

1479-443: The autonomous rights the child will possess in the future. However, the parents contend that genetic testing would benefit the welfare of their children since it would allow them to make better health care decisions. Exome sequencing for children and the decision to grant parents the right to request them is a medically ethical issue that many still debate today. Aspiring medical students will need 4 years of undergraduate courses at

1530-399: The board have virtually doubled. The helipad for the hospital is found at ground level across from Georgian College Residences and requires ambulance transfer to the hospital's emergency department. In 2009, Royal Victoria Hospital embarked on the largest capital project in its history. The expansion program was broken into Phase 1 and Phase 2. Construction of the main phase was concluded in

1581-568: The decision-making process allows children to develop their cognitive skills and create their own opinions and, thus, decisions about their health. Parental authority affects the degree of autonomy the child patient has. As a result, in Argentina, the new National Civil and Commercial Code has enacted various changes to the healthcare system to encourage children and adolescents to develop autonomy. It has become more crucial to let children take accountability for their own health decisions. In most cases,

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1632-649: The degree of specialization. In the United States, a medical school graduate wishing to specialize in pediatrics must undergo a three-year residency composed of outpatient, inpatient, and critical care rotations. Subspecialties within pediatrics require further training in the form of 3-year fellowships. Subspecialties include critical care, gastroenterology, neurology, infectious disease, hematology/oncology, rheumatology, pulmonology, child abuse, emergency medicine, endocrinology, neonatology, and others. In most jurisdictions, entry-level degrees are common to all branches of

1683-500: The differences in growing and maturing organisms that necessitated different treatment: Ex toto non sic pueri ut viri curari debent ("In general, boys should not be treated in the same way as men"). Some of the oldest traces of pediatrics can be discovered in Ancient India where children's doctors were called kumara bhrtya . Even though some pediatric works existed during this time, they were scarce and rarely published due to

1734-501: The field. The Byzantines also built brephotrophia ( crêches ). Islamic Golden Age writers served as a bridge for Greco-Roman and Byzantine medicine and added ideas of their own, especially Haly Abbas , Yahya Serapion , Abulcasis , Avicenna , and Averroes . The Persian philosopher and physician al-Razi (865–925), sometimes called the father of pediatrics, published a monograph on pediatrics titled Diseases in Children . Also among

1785-578: The first books about pediatrics was Libellus [Opusculum] de aegritudinibus et remediis infantium 1472 ("Little Book on Children Diseases and Treatment"), by the Italian pediatrician Paolo Bagellardo. In sequence came Bartholomäus Metlinger 's Ein Regiment der Jungerkinder 1473, Cornelius Roelans (1450–1525) no title Buchlein, or Latin compendium, 1483, and Heinrich von Louffenburg (1391–1460) Versehung des Leibs written in 1429 (published 1491), together form

1836-500: The first three years, the second year of which is when medical students start to get hands-on experience with actual patients. The training of pediatricians varies considerably across the world. Depending on jurisdiction and university, a medical degree course may be either undergraduate-entry or graduate-entry. The former commonly takes five or six years and has been usual in the Commonwealth . Entrants to graduate-entry courses (as in

1887-424: The importance of putting patients' interests first, making autonomy for patients a top priority in health care.   In ancient times, society did not view pediatric medicine as essential or scientific. Experts considered professional medicine unsuitable for treating children. Children also had no rights. Fathers regarded their children as property, so their children's health decisions were entrusted to them. As

1938-481: The liver and can vary according to which specific enzymes are affected in a specific stage of development. Phase I and Phase II enzymes have different rates of maturation and development, depending on their specific mechanism of action (i.e. oxidation , hydrolysis , acetylation , methylation , etc.). Enzyme capacity, clearance , and half-life are all factors that contribute to metabolism differences between children and adults. Drug metabolism can even differ within

1989-434: The medical profession, but in some jurisdictions, specialization in pediatrics may begin before completion of this degree. In some jurisdictions, pediatric training is begun immediately following the completion of entry-level training. In other jurisdictions, junior medical doctors must undertake generalist (unstreamed) training for a number of years before commencing pediatric (or any other) specialization . Specialist training

2040-578: The oral drug as it travels through the body. Supply of these enzymes increase as children continue to develop their gastrointestinal tract. Pediatric patients have underdeveloped proteins , which leads to decreased metabolism and increased serum concentrations of specific drugs. However, prodrugs experience the opposite effect because enzymes are necessary for allowing their active form to enter systemic circulation. Percentage of total body water and extracellular fluid volume both decrease as children grow and develop with time. Pediatric patients thus have

2091-418: The parents and sometimes, the family, rather than just the child. Adolescents are in their own legal class, having rights to their own health care decisions in certain circumstances. The concept of legal consent combined with the non-legal consent (assent) of the child when considering treatment options, especially in the face of conditions with poor prognosis or complicated and painful procedures/surgeries, means

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2142-497: The pediatric population, separating neonates and infants from young children. Drug elimination is primarily facilitated via the liver and kidneys. In infants and young children, the larger relative size of their kidneys leads to increased renal clearance of medications that are eliminated through urine. In preterm neonates and infants, their kidneys are slower to mature and thus are unable to clear as much drug as fully developed kidneys. This can cause unwanted drug build-up, which

2193-465: The pediatrician must take into account the desires of many people, in addition to those of the patient. The term autonomy is traceable to ethical theory and law, where it states that autonomous individuals can make decisions based on their own logic. Hippocrates was the first to use the term in a medical setting. He created a code of ethics for doctors called the Hippocratic Oath that highlighted

2244-407: The pediatrician, parent, and child work as a team to make the best possible medical decision. The pediatrician has the right to intervene for the child's welfare and seek advice from an ethics committee. However, in recent studies, authors have denied that complete autonomy is present in pediatric healthcare. The same moral standards should apply to children as they do to adults. In support of this idea

2295-474: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about hospitals or medical centers which are associated with the same title. If an internal link referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Victoria_Hospital&oldid=1151613564 " Category : Hospital disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

2346-506: The significant expansion, another 100,000 square feet (9,300 m ) of the current facility received renovations. The main features of the Phase 1 expansion included: As Phase 1 nears completion, Phase 2 was to begin. Phase 2 was planned to consist of significant renovations to the existing hospital, including construction of new operating rooms, more patient beds, construction/update to the special care nursery (neonatal unit) and an expansion to

2397-482: The spring of 2012. Phase one included a $ 450 million redevelopment and expansion project that almost doubled the size of the hospital, adding 400,000 square feet (37,000 m ) of space, and capacity for 165 additional inpatient beds, including a dedicated Coronary Care Unit; significant expansions of the Emergency Department, Diagnostic Imaging and Laboratory and two additional Operating Rooms. In addition to

2448-556: The surgical unit. Phase 3 involves the building of a nine-story patient care tower. Plans were announced in 2021 to build a second campus in nearby Innisfil, Ontario. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic , the Regional Pandemic Response Unit (PRU) was built, opening on November 27, 2020. The PRU was erected in the hospital parking lot. Although it has a tent-like appearance, it is suitable for any kind of weather, and

2499-739: The treatment and equality of a child and an adult should be the same. Author Tamar Schapiro notes that children need nurturing and cannot exercise the same level of authority as adults. Hence, continuing the discussion on whether children are capable of making important health decisions until this day. According to the Subcommittee of Clinical Ethics of the Argentinean Pediatric Society (SAP), children can understand moral feelings at all ages and can make reasonable decisions based on those feelings. Therefore, children and teens are deemed capable of making their own health decisions when they reach

2550-664: The twentieth century, medical experts began to put more emphasis on children's rights. In 1989, in the United Nations Rights of the Child Convention, medical experts developed the Best Interest Standard of Child to prioritize children's rights and best interests. This event marked the onset of pediatric autonomy. In 1995, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) finally acknowledged the Best Interest Standard of

2601-542: Was located in a home at 105 Duckworth Street near Ardagh's Grove. The facility has relocated and expanded many times since its inception: The Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre was named after Queen Victoria as Queen of Canada from Canada 's confederation in 1867–1901. The number of beds is broken down as follows There are in excess of 85,000 visits to the Emergency Department , annually. RVH has 2,000 births each year. Since opening in 1997, activities across

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