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58-471: Established in 1890 by David Grubbs, the USPA provides resources to over 4,500 individual members and 250 polo clubs across the U.S. and Canada, including promoting the game of polo, coordinating the activities of its member clubs and registered players, arranging and supervising polo tournaments, competitions and games and providing rules, handicaps and conditions for those tournaments, competitions and games, including

116-628: A bet, he won the first trans-oceanic yacht race . The race was between three American yachts, the Vesta (owned by Pierre Lorillard IV ), the Fleetwing (owned by George and Frank Osgood) and the Henrietta . Each yachtsman put up $ 30,000 in the winner-take-all wager. They started off in Sandy Hook , New Jersey , on 11 December 1866 amid high westerly winds and raced to The Needles , the furthest westerly point on

174-472: A comeback with George C. Sherman Jr. serving as USPA Chairman from 1960 to 1966. In 1967 the USPA moved its headquarters from New York to Oak Brook, the new home of American polo. This era also marked the introduction of sponsor money for horses and professional players. With the help of William T. KM Hanif, the Polo Training Foundation was established in 1967 for the purpose of raising donations for

232-688: A fireplace (some say grand piano) in full view of his hosts. Bennett's controversial reputation is thought to have inspired, in Britain, the phrase "Gordon Bennett!" as an expression of incredulity. Settling in Paris, he launched the Paris edition of the New York Herald , named the Paris Herald , the forerunner of the International Herald Tribune . He backed George W. De Long 's voyage to

290-575: A match. Equipment became standardized and pony training improved significantly. Scoring was also adjusted to allow for fractioning of points for penalties—later abolished as an unnecessarily complex method of scoring that was replaced with free shots. Even before the association was formed, the Westchester Cup , one of the oldest tournaments in the world, was contested in 1886 by the United States and Britain. This prestigious international polo tournament

348-569: A program to enhance and grow the sport of polo in the U.S. by identifying young, talented American players and providing mentored training and playing opportunities leading to a pool of higher rated amateur and professional players. The organization also coordinates youth polo programs and competitions through Interscholastic/Intercollegiate polo and Pony Club. In 2012, 60 Minutes aired a special feature on polo's resurgence in America and included several interviews with dedicated players and ambassadors in

406-431: A top-level tennis player, reaching the semifinals of the 1883 U.S. National Championships and the quarterfinals in 1885 . With the advent of automobile racing, Keene competed in the 1903 Gordon Bennett Cup at Athy , County Kildare , Ireland driving a Mercedes . In a race won by Camille Jenatzy , he did not finish after his car experienced axle problems. Keene maintained a country home at Monkton, Maryland , and

464-530: A trophy offered by Gordon Bennett. Bennett did not marry until he was 73. His wife was Maud Potter, widow of George de Reuter, son of Julius Paul Reuter , founder of Reuters news agency . He died on May 14, 1918, in Beaulieu-sur-Mer , Alpes-Maritimes , France. Bennett is buried at the Cimetière de Passy in Paris. James Stillman was an intimate friend of James O. Bloss and John William Sterling . After

522-435: A voluntary basis of committee structure and continues as such today with a small office staff. Elected Officers and Governors serve annually along with appointed Committee Members. USPA membership originally included seven clubs and, the following year, 142 players registered and there were five new clubs. In its early days of organization, the association initiated changes in the number and length of time periods (chukkers) in

580-565: A world and Olympic gold medallist in polo and an amateur tennis player. He was rated the best all-around polo player in the United States for eight consecutive years, a golfer who competed in the U.S. Open , and a pioneer racecar driver who vied for the Gordon Bennett Cup . In addition to his substantial involvement in flat racing , he was also a founding member of the National Steeplechase Association . He

638-456: Is essentially the same today, with player handicaps spanning minus one through 10, with 10 being highest handicap. Herbert, with W. A. Hazard as his dedicated assistant, continued to guide the association until 1921. Hazard then followed as USPA chairman until 1922. The first USPA headquarters was appropriately located in New York, the center of polo at that time. The association began operations on

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696-550: Is the New York Times International Edition , previously known as the International Herald Tribune . In 1883, he partnered with John W. Mackay to found the Commercial Cable Company. It was a successful business and provided an additional large income to Bennett. Bennett, like many of his social class, indulged in the "good life": yachts, opulent private railroad cars , and lavish mansions. He

754-544: The French Open 's Stade de Roland Garros is sited is named after his father. Bennett, British Columbia , now a ghost town , as well as nearby Bennett Lake and Bennett Peak are named for him, as is Bennett Island , discovered during the Jeannette expedition . Foxhall P. Keene Foxhall Parker Keene (December 18, 1867 – September 25, 1941) was an American thoroughbred race horse owner and breeder ,

812-497: The Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning ( Coupe Aéronautique Gordon Bennett ), which continues to this day. In 1909, Bennett offered a trophy for the fastest speed on a closed circuit for airplanes. The 1909 race in Reims , France was won by Glenn Curtiss for two circuits of a 10 km rectangular course at an average speed of 46.5 miles per hour (74.8 km/h). From 1896 to 1914, the champion of Paris, USFSA football (soccer) , received

870-685: The Isle of Wight , famous for its lighthouse. Bennett's Henrietta won with a time of 13 days, 21 hours, 55 minutes. In April 1867, Bennett purchased the yacht L'Hirondelle for $ 75,000 from Bradford. In May 1867, Bennett refitted the L'Hirondelle and changed her name to the Dauntless . She was rebuilt and rigged as a schooner. Bennett added 23 feet to her length. Her new dimensions changed to 121 feet; 25-foot beam and 299-tons. He entertained guests aboard his steam-yacht "Namouna". American expatriate artist Julius LeBlanc Stewart painted several works set on

928-647: The Jerome Park Racetrack in Westchester County (future home of the New York Giants baseball team and hence the name “polo grounds”) was the site of the first outdoor polo match. Then in 1879 Meadowbrook became a polo club and began play on the Mineola fairgrounds of Long Island. The foundation had now been laid for American polo and the sport was here to stay and flourish. As players and teams proliferated,

986-583: The École polytechnique . In 1861, he moved to the United States, and enlisted in the Union Navy. In 1867, under his father's tutelage, he founded The Evening Telegram , an entertainment and gossip paper that later became the New York World-Telegram . On January 1, 1867, the elder Bennett turned control of the Herald over to him. Bennett raised the paper's profile on the world stage when he provided

1044-717: The North Pole on the USS Jeannette via the Bering Strait . The ill-fated expedition led to the deaths from starvation of DeLong and 19 of his crew, a tragedy that increased the paper's circulation. He was a co-founder of the Commercial Cable Company , a venture to break the Transatlantic cable monopoly held by Jay Gould . The 2014 nonfiction book In The Kingdom of Ice written by historian Hampton Sides recounts

1102-562: The North Pole. Bennett's controversial reputation is thought to be the inspiration behind the phrase " Gordon Bennett !", used as an expression of incredulity. Bennett was born on May 10, 1841, in New York City to James Gordon Bennett Sr. (1795–1872), the founder, editor and publisher of the New York Herald . He was the only son in the family. He grew up mostly in France, and attended

1160-615: The Stillman estate and the Sterling estate totaled about $ 76,000,000. After Sterling's death it was learned that he had appointed his long time intimate companion, Bloss, one of the executors. A few weeks after Sterling's death, Bloss died. Asteroid 305 Gordonia is named after him. He also has a street named for him near Chopin Airport in Warsaw , Poland . The Avenue Gordon Bennett in Paris, where

1218-549: The U.S. Navy) and assigned to the U.S. Marine Revenue schooner Henrietta (the yacht he had loaned to the U.S. Government) beginning in June 1861. She patrolled Long Island until February 1862 when she was sent to Port Royal, South Carolina . On March 3, 1862, Bennett commanded the Henrietta as part of the fleet which captured Fernandina, Florida . Bennett and the Henrietta returned to civilian life in New York in May 1862. In 1866, on

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1276-685: The USPA acquired International Polo Club Long Beach, a large polo facility in Wellington, Florida , and renamed it as the USPA National Polo Center – Wellington, more commonly known as the National Polo Center (NPC). James Gordon Bennett Jr. James Gordon Bennett Jr. (May 10, 1841 – May 14, 1918) was an American publisher. He was the publisher of the New York Herald , founded by his father, James Gordon Bennett Sr. (1795–1872), who emigrated from Scotland. He

1334-495: The USPA registered 134 clubs and almost 1,400 players. Sinclaire was followed by S. K. Johnston Jr. as chairman from 1984 to 1988 who oversaw the move of the USPA offices to Lexington, Kentucky . With the dominance of Oak Brook fading, the polo centers of the 1980s grew to include Florida, Texas and California. In 1986, the United States Polo Association moved its national headquarters to a more central location in

1392-405: The United States Polo Association, one looked back fondly at the memories and heritage of yesteryear and forward with anticipation to another glorious 100 years. Since that time, Chairmen Stephen A. Orthwein (1991-1995), Richard C. Riemenschneider (1995-1999), Orrin H. Ingram (1999-2003), Jack Shelton (2003-2007), Thomas Biddle Sr. (2007-2011) and Charles Weaver (2011- 2015) have made great strides in

1450-525: The United States. The segment highlighted one of the USPA's specialty programs, Work to Ride, which is dedicated to helping inner-city youth in Philadelphia through polo and other equine activities. Polo was first played in the United States in 1876, introduced by James Gordon Bennett Jr. (1841–1918), who had first observed the game played in England. Bennett came to be known as the father of American polo as it

1508-605: The Wanderers, who scored 4-1/2 to the Freebooters 3. The tournament resumed in 1910 and continued every year with the exception of 1911, 1915, 1917, 1918, and 1942-1945. The U.S. Open Polo Championship became polo's most prestigious tournament still played annually. The excitement of the sport was contagious; many of the early polo matches in the 1920s and 1930s attracted as many as 20,000 spectators. This would be an impressive attendance even by today's standards, yet when one considers

1566-497: The Westerners were a force with which to be reckoned. Humorist Will Rogers, a talented player and supporter of polo was thrilled. He is still remembered today as saying, “The hillbillies beat the dudes and took the polo championship right out of the drawing room and into the bunkhouse”. The Great Depression eventually took its toll on the fabric of American society and polo, like most things, faced some dire times. As World War II began,

1624-483: The areas of umpiring, safety, rules, rules interpretation, development of international rules, and refinement of the handicapping process. The USPA national headquarters moved from Lexington, Kentucky, and are currently located in Lake Worth, Florida . The USPA completed two major strategic planning efforts (2005 and 2011) that resulted in many new and innovative programs and services that were designed to grow and sustain

1682-575: The communication and transportation capabilities of that era it was truly incredible. The center of much of this excitement was Meadowbrook Polo Club in Westbury, NY, the site of many of the first U.S. Open and Westchester Cup Championships. During the 1913-14 season, the Westchester Cup packed 20,000 spectators into the stands. Even as polo gained in popularity across the country, eventually extending west to Texas, California and Hawaii, Meadowbrook dominated

1740-431: The death of Bennett it was learned by the administrators of his estate that he had appointed Stillman one of the administrators and trustees. Stillman had little or no opportunity to act under the authority of Bennett's will, as he died a few weeks after Bennett's death. Stillman named Sterling one of his executors. Sterling could hardly have begun his duties under Stillman's will when he too died suddenly. The Bennett estate,

1798-503: The development of the sport demanded a governing body. The Polo Association (later known as the United States Polo Association), with H. L. Herbert serving as first chairman, was founded March 21, 1890. The USPA's purpose was to coordinate games, standardize rules and establish handicaps. Herbert was credited with instituting a handicapping system in 1888 so that teams could be more evenly matched in games. His rating system

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1856-409: The financial backing for the 1869 expedition by Henry Morton Stanley into Africa to find David Livingstone in exchange for the Herald having the exclusive account of Stanley's progress. In 1872, he commissioned a Manhattan building design from Arthur D. Gilman , who popularized Second Empire and cast-iron facades . The building still exists, on Nassau Street. Though he sold it in 1889 and it

1914-516: The first USPA Inter-circuit Cup held in 1916. The USPA claimed 1,407 members and began registration of the ponies as well though pony registration was later dropped in the 1920s. College polo came of age and indoor polo grew in popularity championed by George Sherman and Robert A. Graviss. Contributing to the growth of polo during this period was the U.S. Army, who after joining the USPA in 1902, encouraged their members to participate in polo to improve their riding ability. From that time until World War II,

1972-495: The game and coached many polo players to greatness. Thomas Hitchcock Sr. was also an outstanding player who was rated at ten goals in 1891. By 1928, another international match, The Cup of the Americas, was initiated between highly rated teams from the U.S. and Argentina. The U.S. Team won the first two competitions; however, from 1936, Argentina went on to be the victor in future matches. The 1930s also saw women creating an impact on

2030-526: The heart of thoroughbred country, Lexington, Kentucky. Pride and spectator interest were at a high point, particularly after the 1989 Federation of International Polo World Championship in West Berlin, Germany. Eight teams from all over the world battled with the U.S. team riding away as the victor over Britain in the final match. Led by chairman, John C. Oxley (1988-1991) prior to and during the Centennial year of

2088-475: The military played a significant role in growing and sustaining the sport of polo by adding significant numbers of players and polo ponies. Polo's greatest era began in the years between the first and second World Wars. The sport not only survived the Great Depression, but expanded into the 1930s with increased international competition. The number of registered clubs had increased to 88 and playing membership

2146-561: The number of civilian players dropped from 1600 to 750. Though the number of military players peaked in 1940 with 1,432 registered members, Army polo later disappeared as the mechanization of the era outmoded the need for the cavalry. From 1942-1945 USPA tournaments were not played, though polo continued on private fields. Chairman, R. E. Strawbridge Jr., headed the Association from 1936-1940, followed by Elbridge T. Gerry to 1946 and then Strawbridge served again from 1946-1950. Polo survived after

2204-479: The original “ Big Four ”, they won the Westchester Cup in 1909, 1911, and 1913. Milburn went on to play in seven international matches and established a reputation as one of the most outstanding players of all time. Credited with creating and leading the Big Four, Whitney played a pivotal role in the sport by helping develop a more fluid open form of play integrating better teamwork. By 1913, Circuit Cup play began with

2262-539: The purposes of teaching polo fundamentals and improving the sport. In 1970, the association listed 100 clubs and 917 registered players. Northrup R. Knox headed the USPA from 1966 to 1970, followed by William Ylvisaker 1970-1975 and Hugo Dalmar Jr. 1975-1976. The early 1970s brought about increased popularity in polo's major tournaments and in the club ranks. Polo flourished in Florida, encouraged by John T. Oxley's interest in high-goal polo and William T. Ylvisaker's promotion of

2320-407: The safety and welfare of participants and mounts. The first chairman of the USPA was H.L. Herbert (1890-1921). The first chief executive officer was Mr. Peter J. Rizzo (2011-2015). The USPA has established a number of programs for new players to learn the sport in the U.S. including Regional Polo Centers and clubs that host schools and lessons across the country. In 2010, the USPA created Team USPA,

2378-421: The sport and was the center of polo during the first half of the century. During these early years of the USPA, one of the more famous players in polo was Foxhall P. Keene , handicapped for 14 years at 10 goals, and then 16 years at 9 goals. Though there were many other greats, four players stood out in the early 1900s— Devereux Milburn , Harry Payne Whitney , Lawrence Waterbury , and Monte Waterbury . Known as

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2436-454: The sport by courting corporate sponsorship. International play increased as the Camacho Cup, played at Ciudad Juárez , Mexico, was revived. Norman Brinker closed out the decade as USPA Chairman from 1976 to 1980. Polo evolved from a society sport to include a far broader base of budget-minded horsemen, professional players and commercial sponsorship. With William Sinclaire as chairman in 1980,

2494-457: The sport, though they did not become official USPA members for years to come. During polo's heyday, it was only fitting that Hollywood became involved with this great sport. With a wonderful climate for the game and the appeal for movie stars and moguls, California polo expanded. The geographic spread of polo led to the first East-West match up in 1933, with the West winning two of three matches, proving

2552-489: The sport. The establishment of a professional leadership staff was a main objective of the strategic planning sessions. Polo continues to grow stronger, with current membership exceeding 4,500 members, many of whom are women players. Over 250 clubs and intercollegiate and interscholastic schools are registered with the USPA. Continued growth at the collegiate level assures a bright future as polo's strength depends on these young players of tomorrow. KM Hanif Takwoa In June 2022,

2610-582: The voyage and Bennett's role as a financier of the expedition. Bennett returned to the United States and organized the first polo match in the United States at Dickel's Riding Academy at 39th Street and Fifth Avenue in New York. He helped found the Westchester Polo Club in 1876, the first polo club in America. He established the Gordon Bennett Cup for international yachting and the Gordon Bennett Cup for automobile races. In 1906, he funded

2668-499: The war, thanks in great part to Cecil Smith of Plano, Texas , considered one of the first “professional” or paid players. By 1950, the number of active clubs was 56 with 614 USPA playing members. Devereux Milburn Jr., son of the great 10-goal star, served as chairman of the association from 1950 to 1960. The early 1950s also marked the closing of Meadowbrook to make way for a highway; Meadowbrook relocated to Jericho , Long Island. The club never regained its earlier dominance. A new star

2726-588: The yacht. On May 11, 1870, the pilot boat James Gordon Bennett , No. 6, was launched from the Lawrence & Foulks shipyard at Williamsburg . At the launch and naming ceremony , Katie Chapman, daughter of Captain Daniel C. Chapman, gave the boat the name James Gordon Bennett . Bennett presented the cup and prizes at the October 14, 1873, New York Yacht Club, Cape May Challenge Cup 140-mile (230 km) regatta , which

2784-469: Was 2,889, of which 1,276 were military players. Louis Stoddard, a ten-goal player and member of two Westchester Cup Championship teams served as chairman from 1922 to 1936. He directed and expanded the USPA during the period of great change. Other great names in polo emerged, such as ten-goaler Tommy Hitchcock Jr. , who reigned for 20 years and captured America's hearts. Both of Hitchcock's parents were strong supporters of polo; his mother taught young children

2842-477: Was a race from Owl's Head Point around to Cape May Lighthouse in New Jersey, and back to Sandy Hook Light . Bennett often scandalized society with his flamboyant and sometimes erratic behavior. In 1877, he left New York for Europe after an incident that ended his engagement to socialite Caroline May. According to various accounts, he arrived late and drunk to a party at the May family mansion, then urinated into

2900-538: Was an avid golfer who competed in the 1897 U.S. Open and who made it to the quarterfinals in the 1898 U.S. Amateur . Although he played at a high level in a number of sports, he excelled at the game of polo. A 10-goal player, he was a member of the Rockaway Hunting Club in Lawrence, Nassau County, New York , today the oldest country club in the United States. With team captain Tommy Hitchcock , in 1886 he

2958-558: Was born in San Francisco, California , on December 18, 1867, to Sarah Jay Daingerfield and James Robert Keene . At the time of his birth, his father was president of the San Francisco Stock Exchange . James R. Keene was also a major owner/breeder of thoroughbred racehorses and a founder of The Jockey Club from whom Foxhall Keene inherited Castleton Farm , an important breeding operation near Lexington, Kentucky . Keene

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3016-405: Was generally known as Gordon Bennett to distinguish him from his father. Among his many sports-related accomplishments he organized both the first polo match and the first tennis match in the United States, and he won the first trans-oceanic yacht race . He sponsored explorers including Henry Morton Stanley 's trip to Africa to find David Livingstone , and the ill-fated USS Jeannette attempt on

3074-539: Was greatly expanded over the following five years, it continues to be known as the Bennett Building . It was built on a site previously occupied by the Herald's offices and printing plant, and the Herald later moved back into it. In 1890, he commissioned a new Herald building at Sixth and Broadway, completed in 1895. In 1880, Bennett established international editions of his newspaper in Paris and London; their successor

3132-459: Was he who assembled the players, knowledge, equipment and Texas horses to play the first loosely structured matches in the United States. During that winter of 1876, the first game was held indoors at Dickel's Riding Academy in New York and the first formal U.S. club was established, the Westchester Polo Club . Westchester alternated seasons between New York City and Newport, Rhode Island , before making Newport its permanent home. On May 13, 1876,

3190-478: Was on the horizon—Oak Brook in Chicago, Illinois. When the first U.S. Open was played there in the 1950s, the ascent of Oak Brook began and continued as American interest in polo revived during the 1960s. USPA clubs increased to 77 and 675 players were registered. The Indoor Polo Association combined with the USPA in 1954. Indoor polo, also known as arena polo - expanded the scope of the sport and intercollegiate polo made

3248-514: Was part of the first U.S. international polo team that competed in the inaugural International Polo Cup matches against England . He was rated the best all-around polo player in the United States for eight consecutive years and won the gold medal in Polo at the 1900 Summer Olympics . Following its formation, he was inducted posthumously into the Museum of Polo and Hall of Fame in 1992. Keene also competed as

3306-678: Was played at the time when the Kentucky Derby , Wimbledon and the British Open were all new events in a sparse sporting calendar. Though the British won that first match at Westchester easily, the Americans used the defeat as a catalyst to improve their game strategy and the quality of their horses. In 1904, another important tournament evolved, the United States Open. The first Open was won by

3364-619: Was the youngest Commodore ever of the New York Yacht Club . Bennett became Commodore of the N.Y.Y.C in 1870 after Henry G. Stebbins 's term, which was from 1863 to 1870. In 1861, Bennett volunteered his newly built schooner yacht, Henrietta , for the U.S. Revenue Marine Service during the Civil War . At the same time, Bennett was commissioned as a third lieutenant in the Revenue Marine Service (equivalent to an ensign in

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