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45-532: The International Herald Tribune ( IHT ) was a daily English-language newspaper published in Paris, France, for international English-speaking readers. It published under the name International Herald Tribune starting in 1967, but its origins as an international newspaper trace back to 1887. Sold in over 160 countries, the International Herald Tribune produced a large amount of content until it became

90-634: A 1990 column on Israel "Lament for Jerusalem." It expressed a sense of disappointment but also of love, especially for the city’s longtime mayor, Teddy Kollek (b. 1911). She wrote: "If there’s a living soul who embodies the city of Jerusalem, it’s Teddy Kollek. This is a lament for the city, and for him, because he has made his life's work trying to revive it, beautify it and bring it harmony." She died of cancer in Paris in 2002. Lewis received many awards for her journalism including for distinguished diplomatic reporting from Georgetown University 's School of Foreign Service. She received honorary doctorates from

135-628: A circulation of 160,000, and was profitable with annual revenues of around $ 40 million. At the time of the paper's centennial in 1987, the IHT was opening a new print site on average each year. By the early 1990s, the paper was printed concurrently around the globe, with seven sites in Europe, three in Asia, and one in America, allowing day-of-publication availability in all major cities worldwide. Notably, every region received

180-486: A mind that could cut to the essential of an issue with astonishing speed. To her writing she brought a clarity and analytical power that enabled her to explain complicated issues without ignoring all-important nuances." By contrast, columnist Eric Alterman wrote that at the Times , Lewis "filed from Paris what was quite possibly the most boring regular column in the history of journalism," which "certainly contained no hint that

225-730: A rule against hiring wives of its correspondents, Lewis, however, contributed frequently to The New York Times Magazine and wrote for other publications. She has the distinction of being the first woman to be given her own column on the New York Times op-ed page. From 1945 to 1972, Lewis was married to New York Times correspondent, editor, and publishing executive Sydney Gruson. She and Gruson had three children: Kerry (born in Ireland), Sheila (born in Israel), and Lindsey (born in Mexico). Writing for

270-601: The International Herald Tribune in Paris, The Financial Times in London and France-Soir in Paris . From 1956 to 1966, Lewis was a reporter for The Washington Post , where her work landed her on the master list of Nixon political opponents . In 1966, Newsday published and syndicated her first column. In 1972, The New York Times appointed her foreign and diplomatic correspondent. The Times then had

315-627: The European edition of the New York Herald Tribune , which was also based in Paris and had a long, established history. Accordingly, the Times gave their publication a much larger budget for promotion than the Paris Herald Tribune had, and circulation improved somewhat. Beginning in 1964, editorial control for the international edition shifted to Paris itself, and some independent reporting

360-490: The Gale company, where they began appearing in 2017. This material is not available from any New York Times archive. The New York Times website does, however, host a very limited selection of "retrospective" stories from the 1887–2013 years, a collection that became available in 2017, the same year that the full archives became available on Gale. The New York Times International Edition#Second incarnation The history of

405-463: The Herald Tribune . The final issue of the first incarnation of the New York Times international edition came out on May 20, 1967. The over 100 people working on it were laid off. In 1967, The New York Times joined The Washington Post along with Whitney Communications to publish the International Herald Tribune in Paris. In December 2002, The New York Times Company purchased

450-508: The International Herald Tribune appeared on newsstands for the last time and ceased publication under that name. In 2016, the NYT Paris offices, acquired from the IHT, closed amid massive layoffs. The National Book Review called it "end of a romantic era in international journalism". The archives of the International Herald Tribune , all the articles from 1887 until 2013, were sold or licensed to

495-653: The International Herald Tribune even after their work no longer appeared in the parent publications. Over the years, the International Herald Tribune faced increasing newsstand competition from the international editions of the Wall Street Journal , USA Today , and the Financial Times . Furthermore, the advent of the internationally available cable news network CNN , and later the Internet , gave Americans more readily available ways to keep up on sports scores and

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540-590: The International Herald Tribune . Flora Lewis Flora Lewis (25 July 1922 – May 26, 2002) was an American journalist . Lewis was born into a Jewish family in Los Angeles . Her father Benjamin Lewis was a lawyer and mother Pauline Kallin a pianist. She graduated high school at the age of 15 and earned a BA from the University of California at Los Angeles graduating summa cum laude three years later. She

585-502: The Jewish Women's Archive , Ari Goldman described her thus: It was a kosher home where Jewish holidays were observed, one family member recalled, but Lewis retained little attachment to traditional Jewish life in her adulthood. In her dispatches she often showed sympathy for Israel , but also felt free to criticize the Jewish state when she thought its policies were wrongheaded. She titled

630-515: The New York Herald Tribune , which was generally considered a stronger publication. Indeed, the international edition was losing $ 2 million a year, and had lost some $ 10 million since its creation under that title in 1949. The new Times publisher, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger , decided to give up on it, and instead join forces with the Washington Post for a continuation of the European edition of

675-520: The Post 's interest, for an amount of around $ 70 million. The Times thereby became the sole owner of the International Herald Tribune . The change became effective with the edition published on January 2, 2003. The headquarters for the paper remained at its site in Neuilly-sur-Seine. The Times subsequently folded the International Herald Tribune website into its own website during 2009. In 2005

720-605: The University of California at Los Angeles , Columbia , Princeton , Mount Holyoke , Bucknell , Muhlenberg College , and Manhattan Marymount. She received four awards from the Overseas Press Club : for foreign-affairs reporting (1957), daily newspaper or wire interpretation of foreign affairs (1963, 1977), and analysis of foreign affairs in Western Europe (1979). She also received the Edward Weintal Award (1978);

765-468: The 50% stake owned by The Washington Post Company and the paper retained the name International Herald Tribune . In 2013, the New York Times Company announced that the International Herald Tribune was being renamed The International New York Times . On October 14, 2013, the International Herald Tribune appeared on newsstands for the last time and ceased publication. In October 2016,

810-950: The Cross of the Chevalier of the Legion of Honor , France's highest peacetime award (1981); the Matrix Award for Newspapers from New York Women in Communication (1985), and the Elmer Holmes Bobst Award in Arts and Letters from New York University (1987). For her obituary, the New York Times wrote: Heads of government and ordinary readers in the United States and Europe, where she lived for much of her career, looked to Flora Lewis's columns not only for her access to people in high places, but also for

855-825: The European edition of the New York Herald by the parent paper's owner, James Gordon Bennett, Jr. After the death of Bennett in 1918, Frank Munsey bought the New York Herald and the Paris Herald . Munsey sold the Herald newspapers in 1924 to Ogden Mills Reid of the New-York Tribune , thus creating the New York Herald Tribune , while the European edition became the Paris Herald Tribune . In 1934,

900-484: The International Edition of The New York Times had a circulation of some 32,000, but attracted little advertising. As a commercial proposition it was inferior to the European edition of the New York Herald Tribune , which had a circulation of almost 50,000 and more advertising in it. While the International Edition grew somewhat, it was still losing money and was not competitive with the European edition of

945-478: The NYT's international edition was renamed The New York Times International Edition . In Autumn 2016, the Paris newsroom, which had been the headquarters for editing and preproduction operations of the paper's international edition, was closed, although a news bureau and an advertising office remained. Besides the daily edition, a weekly 16-page edition is published as The New York Times International Weekly featuring

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990-637: The Paris paper acquired its main competitor: the European Edition of the Chicago Tribune . In 1959, John Hay Whitney , a businessman and United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom , bought the New York Herald Tribune and its European edition. In 1966, the New York Herald Tribune was merged into the short-lived New York World Journal Tribune and ceased publication, but the Whitney family kept

1035-509: The Paris paper going through partnerships. In December 1966 The Washington Post became a joint owner. The New York Times became a joint owner of the Paris Herald Tribune in May 1967, whereupon the newspaper became known as the International Herald Tribune (IHT). In 1991, The Washington Post and The New York Times became sole and equal shareholders of the International Herald Tribune . The Washington Post subsequently sold its stake in

1080-478: The United Nations General Assembly , which was held in Paris from September 21 to December 12, 1948, the Times created a United Nations Edition of the paper, which was flown to Paris each day. This edition received a favorable reception, and beginning on December 11, 1948, the Times began its International Air Edition. Initially it consisted of 10–12 pages that were printed in whole in

1125-529: The United States and then flown to Europe, but in June 1949 the production process was changed so that only cardboard mats were flown over and the actual printing took place in Paris. The edition focused on U.S. national and international news and generally omitted New York area news and sports coverage. As part of the June 1949 changes, the Overseas Weekly ended with a final issue on June 19, 1949, after which it

1170-492: The best of New York Times articles for a week. Designed to complement and extend local reporting, it offers readers globally resonant coverage of ideas and trends, business and politics, science and lifestyles and more. Host papers can monetize the NYT International Weekly through built-in advertising space, sponsorship and other opportunities to generate revenue. The Paris Herald was founded on 4 October 1887 as

1215-632: The combat fronts. Accordingly, Sulzberger decided to make an edition of the Times that could keep the troops informed and give them more awareness of how their efforts fit into the overall war effort. That product, the eight-page tabloid-sized Overseas Weekly edition, was a condensed version of the existing Sunday paper's News of the Week in Review section; it premiered in an edition dated August 22, 1943, but not available in Tehran until September 9. The edition

1260-520: The dogged reporting and the sophisticated analysis that resulted. Seymour Brody likens Lewis's life to "that of a juggler in trying to balance her role as a journalist, wife, and mother," concluding that her achievements in the male-dominated profession "opened the way for other women to enter and to succeed in the newspaper industry." Rupert Cornwell stated that "Lewis had formidable assets, starting with an access to those in power that often made her colleagues green with envy. More important, she possessed

1305-407: The humorist Art Buchwald , the fashion editor Suzy Menkes , jazz critic Mike Zwerin and food writers Waverly Root and Patricia Wells . Former executive editors include John Vinocur , David Ignatius and Michael Getler . In 2013, the New York Times Company announced that the International Herald Tribune was being renamed The International New York Times . On October 14, 2013, a Monday,

1350-695: The international edition of the New York Times began in June 1943, following a visit by Times publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger to Tehran, where he met with Brigadier General Donald H. Connolly of the Persian Gulf Service Command , who were in charge of moving Allied supplies to the Soviet Union via the Persian Corridor . Morale among the U.S. troops there was low, due to the difficult climate, unrewarding tasks, and isolation away from any of

1395-411: The like. As the 21st century dawned, there were divided opinions regarding the International Herald Tribune 's place in the media world, with for instance James Ledbetter of Slate pronouncing it a relic of a by-gone era but Peter Osnos of The Atlantic believing it still had a role to play. In October 2002, it was announced that The New York Times Company ("The Times ") would buy out

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1440-436: The paper largely consisted of stories, columns, and editorials from the two parent papers, the paper reported from many news sources, including its own corps of correspondents and columnists. In any case, all of the final editing was done by the Paris staff. By 2002, the International Herald Tribune had some 335 employees. Some columnists from the parent papers, such as Flora Lewis and Art Buchwald , kept publishing columns in

1485-548: The paper moved its facilities to the Parisian suburb of Neuilly-sur-Seine . In 1974, the paper pioneered the innovation of doing electronic transmission of facsimile pages across borders, when it opened a remote printing facility in London. This was followed by a printing site in Zurich in 1977. The International Herald Tribune began transmitting electronic images of newspaper pages from Paris to Hong Kong via satellite in 1980, making

1530-624: The paper opened its Asia newsroom in Hong Kong. In April 2001, the Japanese newspaper The Asahi Shimbun (朝日新聞) tied up with the International Herald Tribune and published an English-language newspaper, the International Herald Tribune/Asahi Shimbun . After the Washington Post sold its stake in the International Herald Tribune , it continued being published under the name International Herald Tribune/Asahi Shimbun , but it

1575-459: The paper simultaneously available on opposite sides of the planet. This was the first such intercontinental transmission of an English-language daily newspaper and followed the pioneering efforts of the Chinese-language newspaper Sing Tao Daily (星島日報) . Additional printing locations followed, including Rome and Tokyo 1987; and Frankfurt 1989. By 1985, the International Herald Tribune had

1620-414: The paper to the family of Ogden Reid , owners of the New-York Tribune , creating the New York Herald Tribune , while the Paris edition became the Paris Herald Tribune . By 1967, the paper was owned jointly by Whitney Communications, The Washington Post and The New York Times , and became known as the International Herald Tribune , or IHT . The first issue of the International Herald Tribune

1665-454: The same editorial content, and even most of the advertising ran across all areas; by comparison, the international edition of The Wall Street Journal was heavily regionalized. (Several editions were published of each day's paper, however, and sometimes particular regions saw revisions that other regions might not.) Nearly 200,000 copies were sold per day, including 50,000 in Asia and 45,000 copies to airlines flying international routes. Despite

1710-478: The second incarnation of The International New York Times in 2013, 10 years after The New York Times Company became its sole owner. In 1887, James Gordon Bennett Jr. created a Paris edition of his newspaper the New York Herald with offices at 49, avenue de l'Opéra. He called it the Paris Herald . When Bennett Jr. died, the Herald and its Paris edition came under the control of Frank Munsey . In 1924, Munsey sold

1755-432: The technology, however, in practice stories often appeared in the International Herald Tribune a day after they appeared in either of the parent papers. Marking a departure from its origins as a paper mostly read by American expatriates and travelers in Europe, by this point the majority of its readers were non-American. The International Herald Tribune 's main editorial team was based in Paris, and while content for

1800-613: Was also elected to Phi Beta Kappa and received her master's degree from Columbia University 's School of Journalism in 1942 just before turning 20. In 1942, Lewis joined The Associated Press (AP) in New York and Washington. In 1945, the AP sent her to London , where she married Sydney Gruson, a New York Times correspondent. For the next 20 years, she was based in London, Jerusalem, Prague, Warsaw, Geneva, Bonn, Paris and Mexico City. European publishers included The Observer , The Economist ,

1845-499: Was being done out of that office. It was published on the Rue d'Aboukir in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris . The New York Times had money-losing operations in maintaining both a Western U.S. edition and its International Edition. In January 1964, the paper announced that it was dropping its Western edition for financial reasons, but would keep on with the international one and move to a more streamlined production process for it. By then,

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1890-561: Was discontinued in February 2011. By 2008, the circulation of the paper was over 240,000. By the early 2010s, the Internet edition of the paper was receiving some seven million visitors per month, and overall the IHT represented one of the biggest global media entities. Throughout its history the Paris-based paper had a glittering stable of writers and journalists. Among the most well-known were

1935-608: Was folded into the Sunday edition of the International Air Edition. In 1952, production of the international edition was shifted from Paris to Amsterdam, as part of minimizing transportation costs. In 1960, advances in teletypesetting allowed simultaneous printing of papers in New York and Europe; in conjunction with this, the international edition moved back to Paris. It was called the International Edition of The New York Times . The Times organization hoped to compete with

1980-589: Was popular and soon spread, and at its height during the war the Overseas Weekly was being printed in more than twenty locations around the globe. After the war, publication of the Overseas Weekly was limited to Frankfurt and Tokyo, where U.S. occupation forces were, with printing being done at the facilities of the Frankfurter Zeitung and the Asahi Shimbun respectively. During the third session of

2025-627: Was published on May 22, 1967. It continued the practices that had endeared it to American expatriates and travelers, such as carrying baseball scores and stock prices . At the start, the paper maintained the offices it inherited from the Herald Tribune European Edition – that dated to 1931 – at 21 Rue de Berri, just off the Champs-Élysées . Columnist Art Buchwald recalled them as being "grubby" and antiquated but "the perfect location for an American newspaper abroad." Then in 1978,

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