Misplaced Pages

#942057

25-696: The Ulkatcho First Nation is a Dakelh First Nations government in the Canadian province of British Columbia . It is a member of the Carrier Chilcotin Tribal Council , and its offices are located in Anahim Lake, British Columbia at the western edge of the Chilcotin District . The Ulkatcho government is responsible for 22 Indian reserves with a population of 729 members living on-reserve, and another 200 living off reserve. Its people are of

50-402: A Keyoh holder or keyoh-whudachun. Fish, especially the several varieties of salmon , are smoked and stored for the winter in large numbers. Hunting and trapping of deer , caribou , moose , elk , black bear , beaver , and rabbit provided meat, fur for clothing, and bone for tools. Other fur-bearing animals are trapped to some extent, but until the advent of the fur trade , such trapping

75-514: A place with bountiful fish, game, and other resources. It is based on the root k'a "fat". The figures following each reserve name are its area, in hectares . Dakelh The Dakelh people are a First Nations people of the Central Interior of British Columbia , Canada, for whom Carrier has been a common English name derived from French explorers naming of the people. Dakelh people speak two related languages. One, Babine-Witsuwit'en

100-472: A strong decoction of the root of Orthilia as an eyewash. A full list of their ethnobotany can be found at http://naeb.brit.org/uses/tribes/27/ , http://naeb.brit.org/uses/tribes/28/ , and http://naeb.brit.org/uses/tribes/29/ . In the late 1940s, University of British Columbia professor Charles Edward Borden shifted his attention toward urgent salvage archaeology in Nechako Canyon after learning of

125-411: Is a minor activity. With the exception of berries and the sap and cambium of the lodgepole pine , plants play a relatively minor role as food, though the sacredness of plants are appreciated by Dakelh people. The Dakelhe are familiar with and occasionally use a variety of edible plants. Plants are used extensively for medicine. Winter activity is more limited, with some hunting, trapping, and fishing under

150-455: Is sometimes referred to as Northern Carrier . The other includes what are sometimes referred to as Central Carrier and Southern Carrier . The "Dakelh / Dakelh-ne" ( ᑕᗸᒡ , people who “travel upon water”, lit. "people who travel by boat early in the morning", a Synaeresis of uda ukelh and ne ). The suffixes -xwoten , “people of” or -t’en , “people” to village names or locations to refer to specific groups (e.g., Tl’azt’en, Wet’suwet’en).

175-664: The Wetʼsuwetʼen (Whutsot'en, ᗘᙢᗥᐣ , "People of the Wet'sinkwha/Wa Dzun Kwuh River, i.e. Bulkley River", lit: "People of the blue and green River"; also known as Western Carrier ) and Babine (Nadot'en) (Nadot'enne, ᘇᑎᗥᐣ , "Lake Babine People"; also known as Northern Carrier ) peoples are a branch of the Dakelh/Carrier people, and have been referred to as the Western Carrier . They speak Witsuwitʼen or Babine/Nedut'en , dialects of

200-738: The Babine-Witsuwitʼen language which, like its sister Dakelh language , is a member of the Central British Columbia branch of the Northern Athabaskan languages . They belong to the Northern Athabascan or Dene peoples ( Dené is the common Athabaskan word for "people"). Dakelh territories called Keyoh , include the area along Fraser River ( Lhtakoh – "rivers within one another" ) from north of Prince George ( Lheidli – "confluence") to south of Quesnel and including

225-756: The Barkerville - Wells area, the Nechako Country , the areas around Stuart Lake ( Nak'albun – "Mount Pope lake"), Trembleur Lake ( Dzinghubun – "day after lake"), Takla Lake ( Khelhghubun – "load after lake"), Fraser Lake ( Nadlehbun – "(fish) run lake"), and Babine Lake , the Bulkley Valley , and the region along the West Road River , west to the Hazelton Mountains and the Kitimat Ranges of

250-564: The Carrier Sekani Tribal Council : Four bands belong to the Carrier Chilcotin Tribal Council : The other bands are independent. In some of the literature Dakelh people are known by the French term Porteurs . Another term sometimes seen is Taculli along with variant spellings. This is a linguistically naive adaptation of the phonetic notation used by Father Adrien-Gabriel Morice . The first written reference to Dakelh people, in

275-779: The Coast Mountains and Hazelton Mountains fall within Wit'suwit'en territory. Farther south, 'Ulkatcho people share the Coast Range with the Coast Salish Nuxalkmc (Bella Coola) and the northern Chilcotin Plateau with Northern Athabaskan speaking strong warrior nation (with political influence from the Similkameen region in the south (of British Columbia), the Pacific coast in the west, and

SECTION 10

#1732855366943

300-587: The Coast Mountains , including the Kluskus Lakes ( Lhoosk'uz – "Rocky Mountain whitefish place"), Ootsa Lake ( Oosa Bunk'ut – "bucket lake"), the Quanchus and Fawnie Ranges , and Cheslatta Lake ( Tsetl'adak Bunk'ut – "Peak Rock Lake"). Dakelh territories are for the most part sub-boreal forest, dotted with numerous lakes. There are numerous rivers, all ultimately draining into the Pacific Ocean , mostly via

325-681: The Ulkatchot’en ethnic group, a subgroup of the Carrier (Dakelh). Ulkatcho people have intermarried heavily with both Nuxalk and Chilcotin people and share territory in the Coast Range with the Nuxalk. Many distinctively Ulkatcho family names, such as Cahoose , Capoose , Squinas , and Stilas come from Nuxalk. The name Ulkatcho is an anglicisation of Ulhk'acho, the name of one village, now disused, on Gatcho Lake. Ulhk'acho means "big bounteous place",

350-642: The Dakelh, unlike the Sekani, participated in trade with the coast, which required packing loads of goods over the Grease Trails . Kluskus Lakes The Kluskus Lakes / ˈ k l ʌ s k ə s / are a group of lakes on the northern perimeter of the Chilcotin District of the Central Interior of British Columbia , Canada. They are located east of Tsacha Lake and south of the Euchiniko Lakes and are part of

375-511: The Fraser River. The climate is continental, with cold winters during which the rivers and lakes freeze over and a short growing season. The area is hilly, with mountains of modest size. The Rocky Mountains form the eastern boundary of the Dakelh territories, but the Dakelh are not very familiar with the foothills because that area in recent times has been occupied by the Cree (Dushina, ᑐᙘᘇ ). Part of

400-474: The Rocky Mountains in the east) Tsilhqot'in (Chilkot'in, ᗘᙢᗥᐣ ). The traditional Dakelh way of life is based on a seasonal round, with the greatest activity in the summer when berries are gathered and fish caught and preserved. The mainstay of the economy is centered on harvesting activities within each family keyoh ( ᗸᘏᑋ , territory, village, trapline) under the leadership of a hereditary chief, known as

425-763: The drainage of the West Road River (aka Blackwater River) . Fort Kluskus was located in the vicinity, which today includes numerous Indian Reserves of the eponymous Kluskus First Nation . The Kluskus Hills are also located between the Kluskus Lakes and the Euchiniko Lakes. "Kluskus" is the English rendering of the Carrier language word lhoosk'uz , meaning "the side of the fish is white". 53°05′00″N 124°30′00″W  /  53.08333°N 124.50000°W  / 53.08333; -124.50000 This article about

450-412: The existence of this custom, the report of which is due to Father Morice. According to Lizette Hall's (1992) father, Louie-Billy Prince, who had been Father Morice's houseboy and knew him well, Father Morice pestered the Dakelh so persistently on the origin of the name that they finally told him the story about widows carrying ashes to satisfy him. An alternative hypothesis is that it refers to the fact that

475-532: The flooding of the area. The damming triggered "devastating changes for First Nations communities whose traditional territories lay in their path, including the destruction of Aboriginal gravesites, territories, livelihoods, and archaeological sites." In 1957, Alcan opened the spillway gate to Skin's Lake, desecrating Cheslatta graves, which came to public attention during the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples . In 1951, Borden began survey and excavation of

500-399: The ice. Although many Dakelh now have jobs and otherwise participate in the non-traditional economy, fish, game, and berries still constitute a major portion of the diet. The Dakelh engaged in extensive trade with the coast along trails known as "grease trails". The items exported consisted primarily of hides, dried meat, and mats of dried berries. Imports consisted of various marine products,

525-408: The journal of Sir Alexander MacKenzie , uses the term Nagailer . The received view of the origin of the Sekani name aɣelne for the Dakelh, of which the English name is a translation, is that it refers to the distinctive Dakelh mortuary practice in which a widow carried her husband's ashes on her back during the period of mourning. One problem for this hypothesis is that there is little evidence of

SECTION 20

#1732855366943

550-465: The most important of which was "grease", the oil extracted from eulachons (also known as "candlefish") by allowing them to rot, adding boiling water, and skimming off the oil. This oil is extremely nutritious and, unlike many other fats, contains desirable fatty acids. Other important imports were smoked eulachons and dried red laver seaweed . "Grease" and smoked eulachons are still considered by many to be delicacies and are prized gifts from visitors from

575-588: The planned Kemano reservoir that would flood the canyon, a large part of Dakelh hunting territory in Tweedsmuir Park . In 1951, he received funding from Alcan and the British Columbia Ministry of Education to undertake salvage archaeology at the "Carrier Indian site". In 1951, Borden and his protégé, anthropology student Wilson Duff , located over 130 sites of importance to Cheslatta T'en history. They conducted more intensive investigations prior to

600-572: The site and returned to work there every summer until he retired in 1970. His final article published in Science in 1979 was based on excavations of early microblade assemblages at Namu in 1977. The Carrier people speak the Carrier language , which is endangered. As an ethnic term, Carrier or Dakelh includes speakers of both the Dakelh language proper and its sister language Babine-Witsuwit'en , both of which are endangered languages . Seven bands form

625-609: The west. The route by which Sir Alexander MacKenzie and his party reached the Pacific Ocean in 1793 in the first crossing of North America by land was, from the Fraser River westward, a grease trail. Other examples include the Cheslatta Trail and the Nyan Wheti . They use the berries of Vaccinium vitis-idaea to make jam. They take a decoction of the entire plant of Viola adunca for stomach pain. The Southern Carrier use

#942057