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41-633: The United Kingdom Joint Logistics Support Base ( UKJLSB ) is a military base located within the Al Duqm Port and Drydock of Duqm in the Al Wusta governorate of Oman . As a British overseas military base , it is used to facilitate the deployment of the British Armed Forces in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean , along with the wider British maritime operations in the region. In March 2016 ,

82-436: A few ANG-operated bases, such as Selfridge ANGB , Michigan. Support facilities on Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve installations tend to not be as extensive as active bases (i.e., they usually do not have on-base lodging (though Kingsley Field ANGB , Oregon, is an exception), clinics (except for drill days), or retail stores (although some have small convenience stores)). In Russian usage "military base" or "naval base"

123-531: A more substantial Littoral Strike Group (LSG) and also join a UK Carrier Strike Group to form an Expeditionary Strike Force. However, as of late 2024, the future of the entire LRG concept was at best uncertain since, in November 2024, the newly elected Labour government indicated that both of the Royal Navy's Albion -class landing platform dock vessels would be removed from service by March 2025. Simultaneously,

164-782: A post office and dining facilities ( restaurants ). They may also provide support facilities such as fast food restaurants, gas stations, chapels, schools , banks , thrift stores , a hospital or clinic (dental or health clinics, as well as veterinarian clinics), lodging , movie theaters, and, in some countries, retail stores (usually a supermarket such as Commissary and a Department Store , such as AAFES ). On American military installations, Family, Morale, Welfare and Recreation (FMWR) provides facilities such as fitness centers, libraries, golf courses, travel centers, community service centers, campgrounds, child development centers, youth centers, automotive workshops, hobby/arts and crafts centers, bowling centers, and community centers. Bases used by

205-668: Is a Royal Navy task group usually consisting of one or two amphibious warfare ships (supported by other Royal Navy elements if required and available), a company of Royal Marines and supporting elements primarily tasked with littoral warfare from the littoral areas. They were first deployed in 2020 and have been described by the Royal Navy as being more flexible and agile compared to previous amphibious task groups with an emphasis on forward-basing , precision strike capabilities, high mobility, modern command and control technology, networked autonomous systems and deception capabilities. Multiple LRGs were to be able to combine to form

246-693: Is currently leased for 37 years. During a trip to the Middle East in September 2020 , British Secretary of State for Defence , Ben Wallace , announced that the UKJLSB would be tripled in size, following a £23.8 million investment to better facilitate British Army training. Another facility, a joint training area, was also established in the nearby Ras Madrakah training area, named the Omani-British Joint Training Area , in 2019. In January 2021,

287-495: Is not limited to denoting a specific fence described facility and usually encompasses a broad territory within which a number of discrete facilities may be located. As examples, 1) the Russian Sevastopol Naval Base comprises individual facilities located within the city of Sevastopol proper (waterfront moorings, weapons stores, a headquarters compound, and a naval infantry base) as well as an airfield at Kacha north of

328-545: The Albion -class landing platform dock HMS  Albion , Bay-class landing ship dock RFA  Lyme Bay and Type 45 destroyer HMS  Dragon , along with a company of Royal Marines. The LSG trialed 40 experimental concepts, including the use of drones to resupply equipment to commandos on the ground. A Littoral Response Group is defined as a “bespoke force assigned to a geographic area, that contains dedicated shipping, helicopters and boats". The LRG concept provided

369-551: The British government secured a joint venture between the British -based Babcock International and the Omani-based Oman Drydock Company to develop the Al Duqm Port & Drydock into a strategic port capable of supporting naval operations . In late August 2017, following a signed a Memorandum of Understanding and Services Agreement by Sir Michael Fallon , the then British Defence Secretary , an agreement

410-542: The Indian Navy 's Eastern Fleet in the Indian Ocean . The tasks conducted in the exercise included "tactical manoeuvres, boarding ops, surface engagement against simulated asymmetric threats, cross deck visits & cross deck helo ops." In July 2024, Lyme Bay , Argus and troops from 40 Commando deployed to Australia for exercise "Predators Run" involving US and Australian forces. In September 2024, Argus returned to

451-633: The Indo-Pacific , though both ships normally assigned to LRG (S) may not always be available in the region. LRG (S) formed in September 2023 with RFAs Argus and Lyme Bay assigned as its principal vessels. The commando element is provided by 40 Commando Royal Marines who carried out pre-deployment training in the Mojave Desert in October 2021 in order to prepare them for their role. They trained alongside Dutch Marines who will also be providing part of

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492-600: The Middle East and Asia-Pacific . Other British military bases within the region include HMS Jufair and RAF Al Udeid , which are located in Bahrain and Qatar , respectively. Prior to construction, the Royal Navy (RN) helped survey the approaches to the harbour . Following construction by Babcock International, the UKJLSB was officially opened in October 2018 , and was used during Exercise Saif Sareea 3 (Swift Sword 3),

533-545: The Royal Fleet Auxiliary was suffering severe crewing problems, as well as a labour force disruption, meaning the manning of its three Bay-class landing ship dock vessels was facing serious challenges. This brought into question the entire concept of the navy's ability to deploy two littoral response groups. The LRG concept responded to a global shift in interstate competition from total wars to persistence through limited positional warfare. It also responded to

574-578: The Type 23 frigate HMS  Montrose became the first Royal Navy ship to be overhauled at the facility. In November 2021, the base hosted HMS  Queen Elizabeth and her carrier strike group for the first time, prior to their participation in joint military training with Omani forces. From 2023, the base was to have been the principal facility for vessels of the British task group, Littoral Response Group (South) . Military base Military bases within

615-517: The UK Carrier Strike Group led by the aircraft carrier HMS  Queen Elizabeth for Exercise Strike Warrior. The exercise involved 20 ships, three submarines and 84 aircraft and validated NATO's ability to coordinate a carrier strike group with an amphibious task group. In September 2022, RFA  Argus joined the task group for the first time, joining HMS Albion , RFA Mounts Bay , RFA  Tidesurge and HMS  Defender in

656-545: The United States Air Force Reserve tend to be active USAF bases. However, there are a few Air Reserve Bases , such as Dobbins ARB , Georgia, and Grissom ARB , Indiana, both of which are former active-duty USAF bases. Facilities of the Air National Guard are often located on civil airports in a secure cantonment area not accessible to the general public, though some units are based on USAF bases, and

697-845: The navies and air forces of the world are the HMNB Portsmouth in Portsmouth, UK, the Naval Air Station Whidbey Island , Washington State, US, or Ramstein Air Base , Germany (the last two are each designated as a Main Operating Base ). Other examples of non- or semi-permanent military bases include a Forward Operating Base (FOB), a Logistics Base (Log base) and a Fire Base (FB). A military base may also contain large concentrations of military supplies in order to support military logistics . Most military bases are restricted to

738-418: The police , constabulary , militia , or national guards . Alternatively, the term may refer solely to an establishment which is used only by an army (or possibly other land fighting related forces, such as marines ) to the exclusion of a base used by either an air force or a navy . This is consistent with the different meanings of the word ' military '. Some examples of permanent military bases used by

779-399: The (Specialist Teams Royal Engineers (STRE)) were formed to plan and execute Works projects worldwide. Some British and Commonwealth naval bases are traditionally named, commissioned, and administered as though they were naval ships. For this reason they are sometimes called stone frigates . Littoral Response Group#Littoral Response Group (South) A Littoral Response Group ( LRG )

820-644: The 1840s through the 1860s barracks were constructed under supervision of the Royal Engineers in: The Cardwell Reforms (1872) ushered in another period of intensive Barrack building at Aldershot , Portsmouth , Plymouth , London , Woking , Woolwich , Dublin , Belfast , Malta , Gibraltar and the Cape of Good Hope . In 1959 the Corps' Work Services was transferred to the civilian War Department Works Organization (later renamed Property Services Agency (PSA)) and by 1965

861-523: The Atlantic, Baltic and Mediterranean. It has included an Albion -class landing platform dock , a Bay-class landing ship dock , a company of 45 Commando Royal Marines and supporting elements. As of 2024, an Albion-class ship would only be made available from reserve "if required", making the group effectively reliant on RFA Mounts Bay on a day-to-day basis. Later in the year, it was indicated that both Albion -class vessels would be retired. LRG (N)

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902-594: The Eastern Mediterranean during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war . In January 2024, Lyme Bay stopped at Port Said , Egypt to deliver 70 tonnes of humanitarian aid for Gaza. In March, Argus and Lyme Bay transited the Red Sea amid the Red Sea crisis , escorted by HMS  Diamond , and stopped at Kattupalli Shipyard in India for maintenance. In April, the ships participated in a Maritime Partnership Exercise with

943-715: The LRG concept was first announced in 2019, the Royal Navy deployed similar task groups over the past decade as part of the Response Force Task Group , Joint Rapid Reaction Force and Joint Expeditionary Force . The LRG, however, is unique in that it had been designed to be forward-based and centred around the Future Commando Force . The first LRG was deployed on an experimental deployment in September 2020, named LRG(X), which took place in Cyprus . The deployment consisted of

984-581: The LRG concept, with upgrades to its command and control facilities and the installation of a permanent hangar. This was to have been a stopgap solution until the entry into service of the new Multi-Role Support Ships (MRSS) in the 2030s. However, in July 2022, it was reported that the future Littoral Strike role would be assumed by RFA Argus after a refit to convert her. Escort will be provided by at least one frigate or destroyer. Fixed and rotary-wing remotely-piloted air systems (RPAS) are an integral part of

1025-566: The LRG concept. These systems provide commandos with increased strike, surveillance and logistical options, increasing their lethality, survivability and sustainability. The Royal Navy has had two operational LRGs: Littoral Response Group (North), which is based in Europe, and Littoral Response Group (South), based in the Indo-Pacific region. Littoral Response Group (North) has been the lead formation, based in Europe, with an area of responsibility in

1066-486: The LRG. The Commando Logistic Regiment, 30 Commando Information Exploitation Group , 24 Commando Royal Engineers and 29 Commando Royal Artillery also provide components as required. In total, the task group will comprise up to 500 British troops and 120 Dutch troops. On 12 October 2023, the UK deployed LRG(S), consisting of RFAs Argus and Lyme Bay and supported by RAF P-8 Poseidon aircraft operating from RAF Akrotiri , to

1107-834: The Mediterranean. Argus provided the task group enhanced medical facilities and a flight deck with Merlin and Wildcat helicopters. In March 2023, the Royal Navy established a base in Norway for LRG(N) personnel, named Camp Viking . It will be used to respond to emerging crises in Europe. In March 2024, the task group participated in Nordic Response in Norway. During the exercise, commandos from RFA Mounts Bay located and "destroyed" anti-access/area denial systems which granted NATO forces access to northern Norway. Littoral Response Group (South) had been assigned responsibility for operations in

1148-453: The UK options in an era of sub-threshold competition, a "grey zone" where nation states and actors compete in a hostile manner using tactics below the threshold of war. They could also be used to carry out raiding missions, demonstrations of force, evacuations and precision strikes inland from the littoral zone. The Royal United Services Institute provided four example uses for a Royal Navy LRG in its publication, titled Requirements for

1189-608: The UK’s Amphibious Forces in the Future Operating Environment , which are: An LRG typically consisted of an Albion -class landing platform dock and a Bay-class landing ship dock , along with a company of 250 Royal Marines. However, as of 2024, both Albion -class vessels were being maintained in reserve and the MOD's Minister of State, James Cartlidge, stated that it was anticipated that, although HMS Bulwark

1230-485: The United States are considered federal property and are subject to federal law . Civilians (such as family members of military officers ) living on military bases are generally subject to the civil and criminal laws of the states where the bases are located. Military bases can range from small outposts to military cities containing up to 100,000 people. A military base may belong to a different nation or state than

1271-566: The city; 2) the Leningrad Naval Base comprises all naval facilities in the greater St. Petersburg area including training schools, commissioning institutes, the naval academy, and the Kronshtadt base on Kotlin island. An overseas military base is a military base that is geographically located outside of the territory of the country whose armed forces are the principal occupants of the base. Such bases may be established by treaties between

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1312-414: The governing power in the host country and another country which needs to establish the military base in the host country for various reasons, usually strategic and logistic. Furthermore, overseas military bases often serve as the source of the military brat subculture due to the children of the bases' occupant military being born or raised in the host country but raised with a remote parental knowledge of

1353-459: The largest British military exercise in the region for over 15 years. The base is large enough to accommodate the Royal Navy's nuclear submarines and Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers , which will utilise the facilities operationally from 2021 . Dry dock facilities large enough to accommodate the aircraft carriers are also available for use. As a joint base, it is controlled by Strategic Command (previously Joint Forces Command), and

1394-750: The occupant military's home country. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Royal Engineers were largely responsible for erecting military bases in the British Isles and the British Empire. In 1792 the Chief Engineer was instructed to prepare the Barrack Construction estimates for Parliament and at the same time the Department of the Barrackmaster-General was established. During the period from

1435-421: The proliferation of anti-ship missiles, man-portable air-defence systems (MANPADS) and sophisticated ISR capabilities which have rendered traditional large-scale amphibious assaults increasingly hazardous. This made them an unattractive option to seize and take control of ground in the littoral zone, an area of increased importance due to the rise in population centres and economic interests in those areas. Whilst

1476-421: The public and usually only authorized personnel may enter them (be it military personnel or their relatives and authorized civilian personnel). In addition to the main military facilities on a certain installation, military bases usually (but not always) have various different facilities for military personnel. These facilities vary from country to country. Military bases can provide housing for military personnel,

1517-649: The same task group then participated in Exercise Ragnar Viking alongside the US Navy 's USS  Iwo Jima amphibious ready group in Norway. Prior to this, both groups carried out joint amphibious drills in Scotland as part of Exercise Wader. 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery , 24 Commando Royal Engineers and the Commando Logistics Regiment supported this deployment. Both task groups also joined

1558-462: The territory surrounding it. The name used generally refers to the type of military activity that takes place at the base, as well as the traditional nomenclature used by a branch of service. A military base may go by any of a number of names, such as the following: Depending on the context, the term "military base" may refer to any establishment (usually permanent) that houses a nation's armed forces , or even organized paramilitary forces such as

1599-577: Was first deployed in March 2021 on a three-month mission to the North Atlantic and Baltic Sea and took part in NATO's BALTOPS large-scale military exercise. The task group consisted of amphibious warfare ships HMS  Albion and RFA Mounts Bay , Type 23 frigate HMS  Lancaster , AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat helicopters from 847 Naval Air Squadron and Royal Marines from 45 and 30 Commando . In May,

1640-736: Was subsequently announced to construct logistical support infrastructure especially for the British Armed Forces , named the United Kingdom Joint Logistics Support Base (UKJLSB). The location was chosen by the United Kingdom (UK) due to its strategic position, which is east of the Suez Canal but outside the Persian Gulf. It is part of the UK's wider foreign policy strategy to re-engage globally after Brexit , in particular within

1681-529: Was to complete a long-term refit in 2024, she would nevertheless only be activated "if required". In late 2024, it was indicated that both Albion -class vessels would be removed from service by March 2025, thus ending this capability in the Royal Navy. In 2021, the Ministry of Defence announced it would be investing £50 million into upgrading one of the Bay-class landing ship docks to better facilitate its role within

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