The Economic Community of Central African States ( ECCAS ; French : Communauté Économique des États de l'Afrique Centrale , CEEAC; Spanish : Comunidad Económica de los Estados de África Central , CEEAC; Portuguese : Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Central , CEEAC) is an Economic Community of the African Union for promotion of regional economic co-operation in Central Africa . It "aims to achieve collective autonomy, raise the standard of living of its populations and maintain economic stability through harmonious cooperation".
31-599: UDEAC may refer to: Economic Community of Central African States Special Administrative Unit of Civil Aeronautics Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title UDEAC . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UDEAC&oldid=933224321 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
62-483: A USG contract to U.S. industry for such support pursuant to the (ITAR) [1] . In 2007, Rwanda decided to leave the organisation in order to remove overlap in its membership in regional trade blocks and so that it could better focus on its membership in the EAC and COMESA . Rwanda was a founding member of the organisation and had been a part of it since 18 October 1981. It subsequently rejoined ECCAS in 2016. In response to
93-535: A common financial, regulatory, and legal structure, and maintain a common external tariff on imports from non-CEMAC countries. In theory, tariffs have been eliminated on trade within CEMAC, but full implementation of this has been delayed. Movement of capital within CEMAC is free. The CEMAC's financial stability was threatened by the fall in the price of petroleum starting in 2014, as all members except CAR depend heavily on oil revenue. International reserves dropped, and there
124-582: A pact of non-aggression at the end of the fifth meeting of the UN Consultative Committee on Security in Central Africa held in Yaoundé , Cameroon. The pact, adopted on 9 September 1994, was arrived at after five days of meeting and discussions between military experts and ministers of Cameroon , Central African Republic , Republic of Congo , Equatorial Guinea , Gabon and São Tomé and Príncipe . At
155-789: A pillar of the African Economic Community (AEC), but formal contact between the AEC and ECCAS was only established in October 1999 due to the inactivity of ECCAS since 1992 (ECCAS signed the Protocol on Relations between the AEC and the regional blocs (RECs) in October 1999). The AEC again confirmed the importance of ECCAS as the major economic community in Central Africa at the third preparatory meeting of its Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in June 1999. Presided over by President Pierre Buyoya of Burundi,
186-716: A summit conference of the United Nations Standing Advisory Committee on Security Questions in Central Africa which took place in Yaoundé on 25–26 February 1999, member states decided to create an organisation for the promotion, maintenance and consolidation of peace and security in Central Africa, which would be called the Council for Peace and Security in Central Africa (COPAX). The COPAX Protocol has now entered into force. The standing orders for COPAX, including those of CDS, MARAC and FOMAC were adopted in June 2002 at
217-545: A third Deputy Secretary-General post, designated for Angola. Angola formally joined the Community during this summit. The 10th Ordinary Session of Heads of State and Government took place in Malabo in June 2002. This Summit decided to adopt a protocol on the establishment of a Network of Parliamentarians of Central Africa (REPAC) and to adopt the standing orders of the Council for Peace and Security in Central Africa (COPAX), including
248-475: A treaty for the establishment of an Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) to promote the entire process of sub-regional integration through the forming of monetary union with the Central Africa CFA franc as a common currency; it was officially superseded by CEMAC in June 1999 (through agreement from 1994). CEMAC currently operates a customs union and monetary union. The common market
279-465: Is an organization of states of Central Africa established by Cameroon , Central African Republic , Chad , Republic of Congo , Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to promote economic integration among countries that share a common currency, the CFA franc . UDEAC signed a treaty for the establishment of CEMAC to promote the entire process of sub-regional integration through the forming of monetary union with
310-646: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Economic Community of Central African States The Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa (or UDEAC from its name in French, Union Douanière et Économique de l’Afrique Centrale ), (in Spanish: Unión Aduanera y Económica de África Central , UAEAC), (in Portuguese: União Aduaneira e Económica da África Central , UAEAC), established by
341-626: Is in place, but many exceptions to the tariff free regime still exist . At a summit meeting in December 1981, the leaders of the UDEAC agreed in principle to form a wider economic community of Central African states. ECCAS was established on 18 October 1983 by the UDEAC members, São Tomé and Príncipe and the members of the Economic Community of the Great Lakes States (CEPGL established in 1976 by
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#1732858457069372-822: Is to take place in Chad . The Mission for the consolidation of peace in Central African Republic (MICOPAX) is a peace operation in the Central African Republic led by the ECCAS. It is involved in the Central African Republic Bush War and 2012–2013 Central African Republic conflict . Regional bloc A trade bloc is a type of intergovernmental agreement , often part of a regional intergovernmental organization , where barriers to trade ( tariffs and others ) are reduced or eliminated among
403-716: The 2023 Gabonese coup d'état , the ECCAS condemned the military use of force and asked for restoration of constitutional order. It also suspended Gabon's membership in the bloc on 5 September and moved its headquarters from Libreville to Malabo , Equatorial Guinea . The Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (or CEMAC from its name in French : Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale , in Spanish : Comunidad Económica y Monetaria de África Central , and in Portuguese : Comunidade Económica e Monetária da África Central )
434-549: The African Union 's five planned brigades of the African Standby Force , one brigade for each region ( North , West , Central , East and Southern Africa ). The meeting recommended that military planners from each of the ECCAS states form a group to work out the details for the force. They also suggested the establishment of a joint peacekeeping training centre and military exercises every two years. The first of these
465-573: The Brazzaville Treaty in 1964, formed a customs union with free trade between members and a common external tariff for imports from other countries. The treaty became effective in 1966 after it was ratified by the then five member countries— Cameroon , the Central African Republic , Chad , the Republic of Congo , and Gabon . Equatorial Guinea joined the Union on 19 December 1983. UDEAC signed
496-594: The DR Congo , Burundi and Rwanda ). Angola remained an observer until 1999, when it became a full member. ECCAS began functioning in 1985, but was inactive for several years because of financial difficulties (non-payment of membership fees by the member states) and the conflict in the Great Lakes area. The war in the DR Congo was particularly divisive, as Rwanda and Angola fought on opposing sides. ECCAS has been designated
527-616: The Democratic Republic of Congo on 16 and 17 August 2001 to discuss security in their war-torn region. The meeting was sponsored by the United Nations , and only Rwanda declined to attend. A meeting of Defence Chiefs of Staff was held in Brazzaville in October 2003, at which it was decided that a brigade -size peacekeeping force would be created in order to intervene in unstable Central African areas. This could then form one of
558-710: The Hanseatic League , a Northern European economic alliance between the 12th and 17th centuries, and the German Customs Union , formed on the basis of the German Confederation and subsequently the German Empire from 1871. Surges of trade bloc formation occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, as well as in the 1990s after the collapse of Communism . By 1997, more than 50% of all world commerce was conducted within regional trade blocs. Economist Jeffrey J. Schott of
589-475: The Peterson Institute for International Economics notes that members of successful trade blocs usually share four common traits: similar levels of per capita GNP , geographic proximity, similar or compatible trading regimes, and political commitment to regional organization. Some advocates of global free trade are opposed to trading blocs. Trade blocs are seen by them to encourage regional free trade at
620-644: The 10th Ordinary Summit in Malabo . In January 2000, Gabon hosted a regional peacekeeping exercise "Gabon 2000" with the objective of increasing the capacity of ECCAS states in the field of peacekeeping and conflict prevention and management. This exercise represented a direct application of the French RECAMP-concept (reinforcement of African peacekeeping capacities). Extraordinary Summits of both ECCAS and CEMAC took place in Libreville on 23 June 2000. Foreign ministers from 10 Central African states met in
651-520: The Central Africa CFA franc as a common currency; it was officially superseded by CEMAC in June 1999 (through agreement from 1994). CEMAC's objectives are the promotion of trade, the institution of a genuine common market, and greater solidarity among peoples and towards under-privileged countries and regions. In 1994, it succeeded in introducing quota restrictions and reductions in the range and amount of tariffs. Currently, CEMAC countries share
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#1732858457069682-602: The Defence and Security Commission (CDS), Multinational Force of Central Africa (FOMAC) and the Early Warning Mechanism of Central Africa (MARAC). Rwanda was also officially welcomed upon its return as a full member of ECCAS. On January 24, 2003, the European Union (EU) concluded a financial agreement with ECCAS and CEMAC, conditional on ECCAS and CEMAC merging into one organization, with ECCAS taking responsibility for
713-599: The Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 183 (Presidential Documents 48363) ECCAS was made eligible under the U.S. Arms Export Control Act for the furnishing of defense articles and defense services. This makes the ECCAS organization and (theoretically) the countries under their charter eligible for U.S. Foreign Military Sales Program (i.e. government to government sales and assistance) pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act and for other such U.S. assistance as directed by
744-419: The expense of global free trade. Those who advocate for it claim that global free trade is in the interest of every country, as it would create more opportunities to turn local resources into goods and services that are both currently in demand and will be in demand in the future by consumers. However, scholars and economists continue to debate whether regional trade blocs fragment the global economy or encourage
775-1023: The extension of the existing global multilateral trading system. A common market is seen as a stage of economic integration towards an economic union or possibly towards the goal of a unified market. A single market is a type of trade bloc in which most trade barriers have been removed (for goods ) with some common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of the factors of production ( capital and labour ) and of enterprise and services . not all members participating involving goods , services , telecommunications , transport (full liberalisation of railways from 2012), energy (full liberalisation from 2007) telecommunications , transport and energy - proposed sensitive goods to be covered from 2019 least developed members to join from 2012 least developed members to join from 2017 Additionally some non member states also participate (the European Union , EFTA have overlapping membership and various common initiatives regarding
806-532: The fact that the Protocol Relating to the Establishment of a Council for Peace and Security in Central Africa (COPAX) had received the required number of ratifications to enter into force. The Summit also adopted a declaration on the implementation of NEPAD in Central Africa as well as a declaration on gender equality. On September 23, 2009, pursuant to Presidential Determination 2009-26 and as published in
837-468: The participating states. Trade blocs can be stand-alone agreements between several states (such as the USMCA ) or part of a regional organization (such as the European Union ). Depending on the level of economic integration , trade blocs can be classified as preferential trading areas , free-trade areas , customs unions , common markets , or economic and monetary unions . Historic trading blocs include
868-522: The peace and security of the sub-region through its security pact COPAX. CEMAC is not one of the pillars of the African Economic Community , but its members are associated with it through Economic Community of Central African States. The EU had multiple peacekeeping missions in the DR Congo : Operation Artemis (June to September 2003), EUPOL Kinshasa (from October 2003) and EUSEC DR Congo (from May 2005). The 11th Ordinary Session of Heads of State and Government in Brazzaville during January 2004 welcomed
899-405: The region to find lasting and peaceful solutions to their political problems. The chairman also appealed to member countries to support the complete lifting of the embargo placed on his country. During the inauguration of President Bongo of Gabon on 21 January 1999, a mini-summit of ECCAS leaders was held. The leaders discussed problems concerning the functioning of ECCAS and the creation of
930-474: The summit was held in Libreville on 6 February 1998. The Heads of State and Government present at the summit committed themselves to the resurrection of the organisation. The Prime Minister of Angola also indicated that his country would become a fully fledged member. The summit approved a budget of 10 million French francs for 1998 and requested the Secretariat to: The summit also requested countries in
961-571: Was discussion of a devaluation of the CFA Franc. Ultimately, the conference of heads of state in 2016 adopted a detailed reform program, the PREF-CEMAC , to stabilize the situation. The ultimate goal is to establish a Central African Common Market . At the Malabo Heads of State and Government Conference in 1999, four priority fields for the organization were identified: Central African states adopted