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68-506: San Antonio is a large district in Oakland , California , encompassing the land east of Lake Merritt to Sausal Creek . It is one of the most diverse areas of the city. It takes its name from Rancho San Antonio , the name of the land as granted to Luís María Peralta by the last Spanish governor of California. The settlement that became San Antonio began in 1851 when J. B. Larue purchased Peralta's land west of San Antonio Creek. The site

136-528: A Wabanaki country . New Brunswick has numerous local service districts , 7 school districts , 10 federal electoral districts and 55 provincial electoral districts . In western and northern Canada, the federal government created districts as subdivisions of the Northwest Territories 1870–1905, partly on the model of the districts created in the Province of Canada . The first district created

204-601: A collection of a number of villages. One of the cities of the county is appointed as the capital of the county. The word shahrestān comes from the Persian words shahr and ostān , which mean city (or town ) and province , respectively. The nearest equivalent of shahrestān in English would be sub-province or county. Each shahrestān has a governmental office known as farmandari which coordinates different events and governmental offices. The farmandar , or

272-485: A district ( wilayah ) is a subdivision of a Province and is headed by a District Officer (DO). Malawi is divided into 28 districts within three regions. Each district is headed by a District Commissioner. A district is known as Daerah in Malay . A district governed directly by the federal government is known as a Federal Territory , and they are Kuala Lumpur , Labuan , and Putrajaya . In East Malaysia ,

340-474: A district is a division of a state . A mukim is a subdivision of a district. The mukim , is however, of less importance with respect to the administration of local government. In Malaysia, each district will have a District Office, headed by a district officer, and is administered by a local government either being a District Council, Municipal Council, or a City Council. In some highly urbanized districts, there may be further subdivisions. For example,

408-492: A district is a subdivision within a division of a state. For example, Tuaran is a district within the West Coast Division of Sabah . A district is usually named after the main town or its administrative capital, for example, Sandakan town is the capital of the district of Sandakan, as well the capital of Sandakan Division (note: Sandakan district is a sub-division of Sandakan Division). In Peninsular Malaysia ,

476-456: A new town called Brooklyn named after the ship that had brought Mormon settlers to California in 1846. Brooklyn joined with nearby Lynn to incorporate in 1870 under the name Brooklyn. In 1872, Brooklyn voters approved their city's annexation by Oakland. The district is made up of a number of smaller neighborhoods, each with its own distinct personality, history and demographics. Cleveland Heights, also known as Haddon Hill by local realtors,

544-428: A province. There are almost 400 districts in the country. Electoral districts are used in state elections. Districts were also used in several states as cadastral units for land titles. Some were used as squatting districts. New South Wales had several different types of districts used in the 21st century. In Austria , the word Bezirk is used with different meanings in three different contexts: Azerbaijan

612-460: A recent innovation. In the context of pre-modern China , the English translation "district" is typically associated with xian ( 縣 ; xiàn ), another Chinese administrative division. The xian is translated as " county " in the context of modern China. In Colombia, a district is one of ten special administrative units: A "district" in Czechia is an okres (plural okresy ). After

680-674: A reform in 2002, the districts lost administrative power to regions ( kraje ) and selected towns ( pověřené obce ) and became statistical zones. French districts were the first subdivision of the départements from the 4 March 1790 to the 28 pluviôse an VIII (17 February 1800). Then, in the 20th century, districts were a type of intercommunity, they've been replaced by communauté de communes and communautés d'agglomération after 1999. 175 districts were established on January 1, 2013. The existing 19 counties are subdivided into 6–18 districts per county. The capital city of Budapest does not belong to any counties and

748-562: A small minority of scholars believe testifies their presence in the area. Portuguese explorer João Rodrigues Cabrilho explored the California coast for the first time. During the Colonial period , there was a small Portuguese immigration to the present-day U.S., especially to the islands of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket . Peter Francisco , the giant soldier in the Continental Army ,

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816-515: A very long history in the United States, since 1634. The first documented Portuguese to live in colonial America was Mathias de Sousa , possibly a Sephardic Jew of mixed African background. The oldest synagogue in the country, the Touro Synagogue , is named after one of these early Portuguese Jews, Isaac Touro . . Some of the earliest European explorers to reach continental North America in

884-411: Is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government . Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties , several municipalities , subdivisions of municipalities, school district , or political district . In Afghanistan , a district ( Persian  / Pashto : ولسوالۍ Wuleswali ) is a subdivision of

952-528: Is administered by a Jabatan Daerah (District Office), which is headed by a Pegawai Daerah (District Officer). All district offices are government departments under the Ministry of Home Affairs ( Malay : Kementerian Hal Ehwal Dalam Negeri ). In Alberta , the municipal districts and improvement districts are types of rural municipalities . They are recognized as census subdivisions by Statistics Canada , which form parts of census divisions . In

1020-821: Is administratively divided into the following subdivisions: The rayons are further divided into municipalities ( bələdiyyə ). Additionally, Azerbaijan is subdivided into 9 (economic) regions ( İqtisadi Rayonlar ; sing.– İqtisadi Rayon ). This is not an administrative division. Each region contains a number of districts. The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic forms a separate, 10th economic region. 1. Absheron 2. Ganja-Qazakh 3. Shaki-Zaqatala 4. Lankaran 5. Quba-Khachmaz 6. Aran 7. Upper Karabakh 8. Kalbajar-Lachin 9. Daglig-Shirvan 10. Nakhchivan Bangladeshi districts are local administrative units. In all, there are 64 districts in Bangladesh. Originally, there were 21 greater districts with several subdivisions in each district. In 1984,

1088-500: Is already divided to 23 districts. India's districts are local administrative units inherited from the British Raj . They generally form the tier of local government immediately below that of India 's subnational states and territories . Where warranted, districts may further be grouped into administrative divisions, which form an intermediate level between the district and the subnational state (or union territory ). A district

1156-438: Is elsewhere known as a ward . Hong Kong is divided into eighteen districts, each with a district council . On Mainland China , the district ( Chinese : 市辖区 ; pinyin : shìxiá qū ) is a subdivision of any of various city administrative units, including direct-administered municipalities , sub-provincial municipalities , and prefecture-level cities . Districts have county-level status. Modern districts are

1224-406: Is equivalent to a kelurahan in recent translations. This translation ambiguity has caused confusions among foreigners. Distrik or kecamatan do not have legal autonomy to govern themselves, because they are only administrative extensions of a regency or a city. Iran is subdivided into thirty one provinces ( Persian : استان ostān ), each governed from a local center, usually

1292-631: Is formally part of both the Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The Assembly of the Brčko District has 29 seats. Brazilian municipalities are subdivided into districts. Small municipalities usually have only one urban district, which contains the city itself, consisting of the seat of the local government, where the municipality's prefeitura and câmara de vereadores (City Hall and City Council, respectively,

1360-669: Is generally thought to have been born Portuguese, from the Azores. In the late 19th century, many Portuguese, mainly Azoreans and Madeirans , emigrated to the eastern U.S., establishing communities in New England coastal cities, primarily but not limited to Tiverton , East Providence , Valley Falls , and Pawtucket in Rhode Island , and Taunton , Brockton , Fall River , and New Bedford in Southeastern Massachusetts . In

1428-561: Is headed by a Deputy Commissioner / Collector, who is responsible for the overall administration and the maintenance of law and order. The district collector may belong to IAS ( Indian Administrative Service ). Other key responsibilities include the collection of revenue , land management, co-ordination and disaster management. Usually, the Deputy Commissioner/District Collector is granted magisterial powers under section 20 of Criminal Procedure Code, and designated as

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1496-484: Is located at the northwestern corner of the San Antonio district, perched on a hill overlooking Lake Merritt . It was formerly the township of Brooklyn prior to its annexation by Oakland in 1909. The neighborhood is commonly known as the area encompassed by Lakeshore Avenue on Lake Merritt, East 18th Street, Park Boulevard, and MacArthur Boulevard/ I-580 MacArthur Freeway. The neighborhood includes Oakland High School in

1564-637: The Age of Discovery were Portuguese explorers , such as João Fernandes Lavrador . Navigators, like the Miguel Corte-Real family, may have visited the North American shores at the beginning of the 16th century. João Rodrigues Cabrilho was a Portuguese navigator who became the first European to reach California in 1542. There is a historic landmark, the Dighton Rock , in Southeastern Massachusetts , that

1632-543: The Capelinhos volcano erupted on the Azorean island of Faial , causing massive destruction from lava and smoke. In response, then Senators John F. Kennedy and John Pastore co-sponsored an Azorean Refugee Act. President Dwight Eisenhower signed the legislation in 1958, making 1,500 visas available to the victims of the eruption. An extension was enabled in 1962, providing opportunities for even more immigrants. According to

1700-612: The District Magistrate . The official designations are "Collector and District Magistrate" or "Deputy Commissioner and District Magistrate". Districts are most frequently further sub-divided into smaller administrative units, called either tahliks or mandalss or mavattams , depending on the region. These units have specific local responsibilities, including in particular coordinating revenue collection. An intermediate level (the sub-division ) between district and tehsil/taluka may be formed by grouping these units under

1768-526: The Maritimes provinces , the traditional country of the Mi'kmaw Nation organizes itself into historically 7 or 8 districts. These districts are Epekwitk and Piktuk , Eske'kewa'ki, Kespe'kewa'ki, Kespukwitk, Sikniktewa'ki, their central fire or capital district Unama'ki , and Ktaqamkuk . Although Canada and the provinces hardly recognize the legitimacy of Mi'kma'ki , the nation remains and still retains functions as

1836-499: The Province of Quebec and after 1791, Upper Canada ) was divided into districts in 1788 [1] . Districts continued to operation until 1849 when they were replaced by counties by the Province of Canada . The current Ontario districts such as Algoma and Nipissing were first created by the Province of Canada in 1858 prior to Confederation for the delivery of judicial and provincial government services to sparsely populated areas from

1904-898: The United States Census from 2000, there were 1,176,615 Portuguese-Americans, the majority being of Azorean descent. This led to the passing of the 1965 Immigration Act , which stated if someone has legal or American relatives in the United States, they could serve as a sponsor and, therefore could be a legal alien . This act dramatically increased Portuguese immigration into the 1970s and 1980s. There are four anthologies of Portuguese-American literature: Luso-American Literature: Writings by Portuguese-Speaking Authors in North America edited by Robert Henry Moser and António Luciano de Andrade Tosta and published in 2011, The Gávea-Brown Book of Portuguese-American Poetry edited by Alice R. Clemente and George Monteiro, published in 2013, Writers of

1972-410: The district seat (e.g. Sault Ste. Marie ). Some districts may have District Social Service Administration Boards, which are designed to provide certain social services. The boundaries of a federal census division may correspond to those of a district. In Quebec , districts are municipal electoral subdivisions of boroughs , which are subdivisions of cities. They function in a similar manner to what

2040-562: The right-wing dictatorship of Antonio Salazar . There are Portuguese clubs, principally in the larger cities of these states, which operate with the intention of promoting sociocultural preservation as venues for community events, athletics, etc. Many Portuguese Americans may include descendants of Portuguese settlers born in Africa (like Angola , Cape Verde , and Mozambique ) and Asia (mostly Macanese people ), as well Oceania ( Timor-Leste ). There were around one million Portuguese Americans in

2108-458: The 1840s, whaling ships were the way to get to America, after a slow voyage of two to three years. In the early 1700s, Massachusetts dominated the whaling industry with Nantucket , Cape Cod and New Bedford . By the early 19th century, New Bedford had become the center of whaling in America. When whalers were out at sea, they would frequently stop in the Azores to recruit crew members for help. At

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2176-462: The 1980s, but became known as Murder Dubs in the early 1990s due to a dramatic rise in drug-related violence. The landmark avenue for the Twomps is 23rd Avenue, which also serves as the primary thoroughfare for which Twomps residents get to other main city boulevards. 23rd Avenue is heavily traveled on for its numerous stores, laundromats, and other neighborhood services. District A district

2244-618: The Azores. There are also connections with Portuguese communities in the Pacific Northwest in Astoria, Oregon , and Seattle , Washington , and British Columbia , Canada as well. Many of the Portuguese communities on the west coast were farming towns. Portuguese who moved to California often saved money to buy land to start farming. Portuguese farmers in California and along the west coast of

2312-478: The Executive and Legislative local bodies) are located. The rural districts and groups of urban districts (mainly in large cities) may also present a sub local Executive body, named subprefeitura . A district is known locally as daerah and it is the first-level administrative division of Brunei. There are four districts in the country, namely Brunei-Muara , Tutong , Belait and Temburong . Each district

2380-665: The Portuguese Diaspora in the United States and Canada: An Anthology edited by Luís Gonçalves and Carlo Matos , published in 2015, and Behind the Stars, More Stars: The Tagus/Disquiet Collection of New Luso-American Writing edited by Christopher Larkosh and Oona Patrick, published in 2019 by Tagus Press. A list of accomplished writers include: Katherine Vaz , Frank X. Gaspar , Millicent Borges Accardi , Sam Pereira , Nancy Vieira Couto , Alfred Lewis, Charles Reis Felix , Michael Garcia Spring and John dos Passos . In recent years,

2448-579: The Portuguese in the Americas Series at Tagus Press at UMass Dartmouth has been particularly active in publishing works by Portuguese-American authors, the most recent of these being The Poems of Renata Ferreira , by Frank X. Gaspar , published in 2020. Portuguese-Americans are the fourth largest ethnic group in the state of Hawaii , fifth largest group in Rhode Island and the eighth largest group in Massachusetts . Portuguese-American communities in

2516-723: The Portuguese mixed with indigenous Tanka people , leading to the Macanese people. As with other immigrants that arrived in America, several Portuguese surnames have been changed to align with more American sounding names, for example Rodrigues to Rogers , Oliveira to Oliver , Martins to Martin , Pereira to Perry , Moraes or Morais to Morris , Magalhães to McLean , Souto to Sutton , Moura to Moore , Serrão to Serran, Silva to Silver or Sylvia, Rocha to Rock (or Stone ), Madeira or Madeiros to Wood , Pontes to Bridges , Fernandes to Frederick, Costa to Charlie , Emo or Emos to Emma and Santos to Stan . In 1957–58,

2584-614: The United States by 2000. A general contribution the Portuguese people have made to American music is the ukulele , which originated in Madeira and was initially popularized in the Kingdom of Hawaii . John Philip Sousa was a famous Portuguese American composer most known for his patriotic compositions. A large amount of mingling took place between Chinese and Portuguese in Hawaii. There were very few marriages between European and Chinese people with

2652-426: The United States often hired other Portuguese migrants as farm hands. Aside from farming Portuguese migrants also were able to secure jobs as fishermen in port cities. Portuguese migration to Hawaii occurred often in the late nineteenth century due to the availability of labor contracts on the islands. Labor contracts paid for the migration of entire families. This was enticing for families looking to migrate without

2720-508: The United States. Some Melungeon communities in rural Appalachia have historically self-identified as Portuguese. Given their complex ancestry, individual Melungeons may descend from Portuguese people, but not all do. Bilateral ties date from the earliest years of the United States. Following the American Revolutionary War , Portugal was the first neutral country to recognize the United States. Portuguese people have had

2788-419: The annexation by Oakland . Lynn hosted a large shoe and boot factory, and was named after Lynn, Massachusetts which also had a large footwear industry. "The Twomps" is a local name for the neighborhood between 20th and 29th Avenues. It is also known as "The Rolling '20s", "The Roaring '20s", or "Murder Dubbs", references to its history of drug trafficking and gang violence. The area was known as The Twomps in

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2856-508: The area of municipal powers, regional districts – which are somewhat analogous to counties in other jurisdictions, a number of municipalities, and unincorporated areas – are always referred to as "regional districts" to distinguish them from district municipalities and other kinds of district. Other kinds of districts in British Columbia are: Situated across the Atlantic provinces and

2924-400: The capital of that district. A district ( 郡 , gun ) is a local administrative unit comprising towns and villages but not cities . See districts of Japan for a more complete description. In 1923, its administrative role was abolished although it is still in use for addressing purposes. "District" is also a translation of chiku , defined by Japan's planning law. In Kenya ,

2992-429: The capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English, sometimes called districts as well. Bhutanese districts ( dzongkhag ) are local administrative units consisting of village blocks called gewog . Some have subdistricts called dungkhag . In Bosnia and Herzegovina, a district is a self-governing administrative unit. Brčko District in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina

3060-657: The city of Boston . These Portuguese immigrants mainly settled in East Boston and North End . In addition, many Portuguese immigrants also went to Cambridge and Somerville . A Portuguese community existed in the vicinity of the Carpenter Street Underpass in Springfield, Illinois , one of the earliest and largest Portuguese settlements in the Midwestern United States . By the early twentieth century,

3128-539: The country of Portugal by birth, ancestry, or citizenship. Americans and others who are not native Europeans from Portugal but originate from countries that were former colonies of Portugal do not necessarily self-identify as "Portuguese American", but rather as their post-colonial nationalities, although many refugees (referred to as retornados ) from former Portuguese colonies, as well as many white Brazilians , are ethnically or ancestrally Portuguese. In 2017, an estimated 48,158 Portuguese nationals were living in

3196-599: The district of Petaling in Selangor is administered by 3 local governments: Shah Alam City Council , Petaling Jaya City Council , and Subang Jaya Municipal Council . Another example is the district of Johor Bahru in Johor , which has 3 subdivisions: Johor Bahru City Council , Iskandar Puteri City Council , and Pasir Gudang Municipal Council . Conversely, there may be one local government administering more than one district, for example, Seberang Perai Municipal Council administers

3264-418: The districts of Central Seberang Perai , North Seberang Perai , and South Seberang Perai ; as well as Kuala Terengganu City Council , which administers the districts of Kuala Terengganu and Kuala Nerus . An administrative district border and an electoral district border ( constituency ) transcend each other and do not correspond with each other in most instances. Malta holds 13 Electoral Divisions for

3332-491: The east corner of the neighborhood. It is commonly known as China Hill because of the large Chinese population that lives there. The Eastlake district, formerly known as East Peralta, comprises the area along International Blvd. between 1st and 14th Avenues. It is currently the site of an ethnic enclave , housing many immigrants of southeast Asian origin. East 12th Street has a large Vietnamese American population, and has many Vietnamese restaurants and businesses, giving it

3400-579: The end of their voyage, they docked in New England , where crew members often settled as immigrants. Today, one can visit the Whaling Museum in New Bedford, Massachusetts and encounter authentic Portuguese whaling history. Another part of Massachusetts that attracted many Portuguese immigrants was Northern Massachusetts, most notably Lowell and Lawrence . In addition, Many Portuguese immigrants also went to nearby Southern New Hampshire . Massachusetts

3468-723: The government made all these subdivisions into districts. Each district has several sub-districts called Upazila in Bengali with a total 493 Upzillas. In Belgian municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp , having over 460,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into nine districts ( Dutch : districten ). The Belgian arrondissements (also in French as well as in Dutch ), an administrative level between province (or

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3536-407: The head of farmandari , is the governor of the shahrestān which is the highest governmental authority in the division. In Iraq, they use the word qadaa for districts. There are over a hundred districts, each district being within one of 18 Iraqi governorates , sometimes known as provinces. The district generally (but not always) bears the name of a city within that district, usually

3604-493: The largest local city, which is called the capital ( Persian : Markaz ) of that province. The provinces of Iran further subdivided into counties called ( Persian : شهرستان shahrestān ), an area inside an ostān , and consists of a city center, few bakhsh ( Persian : بخش ) and many villages around them. There are usually a few cities ( Persian : شهر shahr ) and rural agglomerations ( Persian : دهستان dehestān ) in each county. Rural agglomerations are

3672-482: The late 1980s. East Oakland residents simply referred to the Highland Park and China Hill neighborhoods as "Funktown". Funktown's boundaries are east of 7th Avenue and west of 19th Avenue, south of East 31st Street and north of International Boulevard. The majority of Highland Park's residents are ethnic minorities , with a relatively even split between Latinos , Asians , and African-Americans . The subsection of

3740-703: The lifestyles of multiple ethnic/racial groups in Springfield during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. On the West Coast in California there are Portuguese communities in San Francisco , Oakland , San Jose , Santa Cruz , as well as in dairy farming areas in the Central Valley , the Los Angeles Basin , and San Diego , in connection to Portuguese fishermen and settlers emigrating to California from

3808-511: The majority being between Portuguese and Chinese people. These unions between Chinese men and Portuguese women resulted in children of mixed parentage, called Chinese-Portuguese. For two years to June 30, 1933, 38 of these children were born; they were classified as pure Chinese because their fathers were Chinese. Curiously, these marriages are in marked contrast to the situation in Macau, where very few Han Chinese married Portuguese settlers; instead,

3876-519: The means or the desire to migrate in stages. This led to families having to work off debt before they could move off of the island. Often times Portuguese migrants decided just to remain in Hawaii despite there being little opportunity for improving their lives. After World War II , there was another wave of Portuguese immigration to the country, mainly in the northeastern United States (New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Maryland), and also in California . Many were fleeing

3944-526: The neighborhood adjacent to the Oakland Estuary is called Jingletown, also called "JT" by East Oakland natives. The name originated from long ago when there was a Portuguese community in the area and men would gather around on the street corners chatting amongst each other with their hands in their pockets jingling coins. Lynn was an early settlement, located northeast of Brooklyn. In 1870, Lynn and Brooklyn incorporated as Brooklyn In 1872, voters approved

4012-469: The nickname Little Saigon , which he local Vietnamese Chamber of Commerce is working to elevate into a formal designation by the city and to promote through a Business Improvement District . There is a Vietnamese American Community Center located at International Boulevard. There are also sizable populations of Cambodian Americans and Laotian Americans . Highland Park is the area immediately surrounding Highland Hospital , loosely bounded by 14th Avenue on

4080-472: The number of parliamentary constituencies (545). This number went up to a total of 723 districts in 2019. In Western New Guinea , one of the seven regions of Indonesia , a distrik is a subdivision of a regency or a city. Formerly it was called a kecamatan . In translations of most official documents, kecamatan itself is translated into English as "district", but some other documents (especially from older era) translated it to "subdistrict", which

4148-622: The oversight of Assistant Commissioners , Sub-collectors or Sub-divisional magistrate . Each district includes one or two cities (or large towns), a few smaller towns and dozens of villages. Most of the Indian districts have the same name as their main town or city. As of April 2016, the National Informatics Centre of the Government of India , lists a total of 664 districts in India, more than

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4216-686: The project area represented the western extension of a neighborhood known as the "Badlands." The Badlands was included in the widespread destruction and violence of the Springfield Race Riot in August 1908, an event that led to the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The Carpenter Street archaeological site possesses local and national significance for its potential to contribute to an understanding of

4284-414: The province of British Columbia , there are several kinds of administrative districts by that name. The usual usage is a reference to district municipalities , which are a class of municipality in the same hierarchy as city, town, or village. Most are styled, e.g., " District of Mission " or "District of Wells" , though some are styled, e.g., "Corporation of Delta" or " Township of Langley ". Within

4352-468: The south, 10th Avenue to the north, East 31st Street to the east and Foothill Boulevard to the west. It is known as Funktown to Oakland residents. The name Funktown derives from the name of a local gang Funktown USA that once occupied the area. The gang was a notorious rival of Felix Mitchell's 6-9 Mob as the two struggled for control over the East Oakland drug trade. As Funktown USA's membership dwindled in

4420-466: The unicameral (single-assembly) parliament. Each consists of a number of localities (although there is no requirement that electoral boundaries follow the boundaries of localities). Portuguese Americans Portuguese Americans ( Portuguese : portugueses americanos ), also known as Luso-Americans ( luso-americanos ), are citizens and residents of the United States who are connected to

4488-534: Was a key location for Portuguese immigrants due to the availability of low skill jobs. Many migrants came to the United States with little knowledge of the English Language, and textile jobs were frequently available in these areas. Portuguese migrants had to seek out low skill jobs because of education in Portugal and the lack of job availability in the nineteenth century. A number of Portuguese immigrants settled in

4556-557: Was the District of Keewatin in 1876 followed by four more districts in 1882. Gradually, these districts became separate territories (such as Yukon ), separate provinces (such as Alberta and Saskatchewan ) or were absorbed into other provinces. In Ontario , a district is a statutory subdivision of the province, but, unlike a county, a district is not incorporated. Most districts are composed of unincorporated lands, mostly Crown land . Originally present-day Southern Ontario (then part of

4624-549: Was west of Clinton . Larue built a store and wharf and the community grew up around them. The San Francisco and Oakland Railroad built a station at San Antonio. When the Central Pacific Railroad took over the line in 1870, the name was changed to Brooklyn. When the Southern Pacific Railroad took over the line in 1883, the name was changed to East Oakland. Clinton and San Antonio joined in 1856 to form

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