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100-469: The riot, trials, and aftermath are said to be one of the most well-documented examples of the complex intersection of race, class, and criminal justice in the United States. In 2008, an NPR report on the centenary of the race riot said that the fact of its taking place in a Northern state, specifically in " The Land of Lincoln ", demonstrated that black people were mistreated across the country, not just in

200-504: A West Coast 25,000-square-foot (2,300 m ) production facility, NPR West , which opened in Culver City , Los Angeles County, California , in November 2002. With room for up to 90 employees, it was established to expand its production capabilities, improve its coverage of the western United States , and create a backup production facility capable of keeping NPR on the air in the event of

300-491: A primary entry point for the Emergency Alert System . Its content is also available on-demand online, on mobile networks, and in many cases, as podcasts . Several NPR stations also carry programs from British public broadcaster BBC World Service . The organization's legal name is National Public Radio and its trademarked brand is NPR ; it is known by both names. In June 2010, the organization announced that it

400-403: A religious broadcasting philosophy or be used for classroom distance learning programming. Each member station receives one vote at the annual NPR board meetings—exercised by its designated Authorized Station Representative ("A-Rep"). To oversee the day-to-day operations and prepare its budget, members elect a board of directors. The board was previously composed of ten A-Reps, five members of

500-456: A voluntary buyout plan to reduce staff by 10 percent and return NPR to a balanced budget by the 2015 fiscal year . In December 2018, The Washington Post reported that between 20 and 22 percent of NPR staff was classified as temps , while this compares to about five percent of a typical for-profit television station. Some of the temporary staff members told the newspaper the systems were "exploitative", but NPR's president of operations said

600-740: A " retrenchment " (cost-cutting) policy in December 1907. For example, men in nearby Clinton saw their work week drop from seven to four days a week by March 1908. That same month, the railroad also began streamlining positions to further cut expenses, which caused many to be "bumped down" to lower jobs, affecting younger workers. There was also uncertainty among Springfield's miners at the local and national level. In November 1907, 4,000 miners in Danville went on strike when coal operators stopped paying workers in cash and began issuing checks. Five months later, on April 1, 1908, Springfield's miners were nearly part of

700-410: A Springfield workforce where workers by and large had jobs, but the earning power of those jobs was being diminished, the security of those jobs was laced with uncertainty, and the respect paid to those who held those jobs was seemingly being diminished. In surrounding counties the job prospects were similar or worse and the workforce was less diverse. At the turn of the century, Springfield's population

800-543: A battle cry of Southern politicians decrying "negro domination", warning of the perils of racial equality. The idea of manhood was synonymous with the rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizenship . Whites began framing black manhood with sexual connotations, conflating the political and economic agency of black men with sexual agency (framed as "aggressive" and "transgressive" ), from which whites, particularly white women, needed to be protected. Politics and black manhood became increasingly intertwined, even being debated on

900-519: A catastrophe in Washington, D.C. In November 2003, NPR received $ 235 million from the estate of the late Joan B. Kroc , the widow of Ray Kroc , founder of McDonald's Corporation . This was the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution. In 2004, the Kroc gift increased NPR's budget by over 50% to $ 153 million. Of the money, $ 34 million was deposited in its endowment . The endowment fund before

1000-399: A choice — fight to become socially "white" or align with politically and economically disadvantaged black people. In an atmosphere where immigrants heard statements like "One white man is as good as two or three Italians", and where whites were bringing lawsuits against their own family members who they suspected of having "tainted" black blood, immigrants opted to strive to become "white": In

1100-468: A citizen and a voter that this charge has been made." "[This] charge was made to blast and ruin the Negro's character as a man and as a citizen." Vigilantism and lynching were deemed necessary evils to protect whites – politically, socially and economically – from the "lawlessness" of black people . During such attacks, black men were ritually castrated as an act of further emasculation, making them "examples" of

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1200-896: A country where the distinction between white man and black is intended as a distinction of value as well as ethnography it is no compliment to the Italian to deny him his whiteness... The pressure to become "white" led to many immigrants seeking ways to "prove" their whiteness. Protecting and expanding the notion of white supremacy was deemed convincing evidence. At the time, black people were expected to be subservient, agreeable and deferential to whites or be subject to verbal abuse, threats or physical violence. Whites who viewed black people as being " uppity " would often impose quick and harsh retribution against them. As immigrants observed how white Americans treated black people, they began not only mimicking such treatment, but also distancing themselves from black people geographically and socially. For example, in

1300-457: A fleeing glimpse" of the intruder, who reportedly ran, back through the girl's bedroom, and out the front door, "going around the south side of the house, toward the rear." NPR National Public Radio ( NPR , stylized as npr ) is an American public broadcasting organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. , with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California . It serves as

1400-498: A highly contentious debate on prohibition, in 1907, the Illinois General Assembly approved the " local option " law, which allowed local residents to decide whether their towns would be "wet" (allowing liquor sales within the boundaries of individual counties and townships), or to otherwise be "dry." In April 1908, after a Sangamon County vote, only two of the county's 27 townships opted to be "wet" – New Berlin , which

1500-609: A hotbed for drinking, as the saloons serviced both local residents, and also became a destination for visitors – including many who were unemployed or underemployed – from neighboring "dry" townships and counties. For example, between May and June 1907, neighboring Decatur had nearly 70 arrests for drunkenness. However, one year later, after Decatur had become "dry," it had 80 percent fewer drinking arrests, and every man who had been arrested for drunkenness had obtained his liquor in Springfield. The drinking culture of Springfield fed into

1600-482: A large and long-tracked EF2 tornado hit north of Pawnee, Illinois destroying houses and businesses. On October 13, 1902, the Victor Mine exploded killing six workers. Press reports indicate an explosive charge ignited coal dust in the shaft. Pawnee is located at 39°35′31″N 89°34′55″W  /  39.59194°N 89.58194°W  / 39.59194; -89.58194 (39.592050, -89.582012). According to

1700-564: A lengthy economic contraction between May 1907 and June 1908. This contraction led to suspension of cash payments by banks, a halt in lending, and a fall in the stock market, all resulting in significant economic disruption. Industrial production dropped, and the period saw the second-highest volume of bankruptcies to that date, with the dollar volume increasing nearly 50 percent. Production fell over 10 percent, commodity prices dropped by more than 20 percent, imports fell by over 25 percent, and unemployment, which had been less than 3 percent prior to

1800-406: A memo that NPR needed to reduce spending by $ 10 million during the current fiscal year due to a drop in revenue from sponsors. The amount is approximately three percent of the organization's annual budget. In February 2023, Lansing announced in a memo that the network would be laying off approximately 10 percent of the workforce due to reduced advertising revenue. He said the annual operating budget

1900-897: A national syndicator to a network of more than 1,000 public radio stations in the United States. It differs from other non-profit membership media organizations, such as the Associated Press , in that it was established by an act of Congress. Funding for NPR comes from dues and fees paid by member stations, underwriting from corporate sponsors, and annual grants from the publicly funded Corporation for Public Broadcasting . Most of its member stations are owned by non-profit organizations , including public school districts , colleges , and universities . NPR operates independently of any government or corporation, and has full control of its content. NPR produces and distributes both news and cultural programming. The organization's flagship shows are two drive-time news broadcasts: Morning Edition and

2000-498: A product or "promote the goods and services" of for-profit entities. These restrictions apply only to radio broadcasts and not NPR's other digital platforms. When questioned on the subject of how corporate underwriting revenues and foundation grants were holding up during the recession, in a speech broadcast on C-SPAN before the National Press Club on March 2, 2009, then president and CEO Vivian Schiller stated: "underwriting

2100-462: A rapidly growing industrial center, was one of those places black people sought refuge and prosperity, with the city's black population growing by 4 percent per year. By the turn of the century, there were nearly 2,500 black people in the city, representing about 7 percent of the population, which was about 35,000. The same level of growth had not been true for Springfield's European immigrant population in this period. The annual growth rate of

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2200-435: A result of the rioting, numerous black people left Springfield, but it is unclear how many moved away permanently. Although in the following months over 100 riot-related indictments were issued and some pleaded guilty to minor violations, only one alleged rioter went to trial and convicted for lesser offenses. Of the two accused black men, who were the initial focus of the lynch mob, one was eventually tried, convicted and hanged,

2300-486: A strong dislike against them in among Springfield's white citizens, on par with the dislike of black people in the South. Much of Springfield's atmosphere, at the time, was a result of its relationship with prohibition . Prohibition represented a conflict between urban and rural values emerging in the United States. With the rising population of immigrants in urban centers, more immigrants began frequenting saloons. This spawned

2400-555: A threat to a social order in which they should always be superior, and white business owners often exploited this resentment for their own economic benefit. For example, some industries used black workers as strikebreakers during labor strikes , pitting black people and immigrants against each other in an effort to prevent unionization. Stories of black strikebreakers were carried by numerous newspapers in Illinois. The disproportionate coverage of these instances fueled white antagonism against

2500-412: A tiger or a bear and gather up her bones and bury them, conscious that she had died in the purity of her maidenhood, than have her crawl to me and tell me the horrid story that she had been robbed of the jewel of her womanhood by a black fiend. The wild beast would only obey the instinct of nature, and we would hunt him down and kill him just as soon as possible. What shall we do with a man who has outbruted

2600-735: Is almost exactly average in terms of the sex of listeners (49% male, 51% female). NPR listeners have higher incomes than average (the 2012 Pew study showed that 43% earn over $ 75,000, 27% earn between $ 30,000 and $ 75,000). A 2012 Pew Research Center survey found that the NPR audience leans Democratic (17% Republican , 37% independent , 43% Democratic) and politically moderate (21% conservative, 39% moderate, 36% liberal). A late 2019 survey, also by Pew, found that NPR's audience overwhelmingly leaned Democratic. 87% of those surveyed identified as Democrats, or leaning Democratic, and 12% were Republicans. A Harris telephone survey conducted in 2005 found that NPR

2700-478: Is approximately $ 300 million, and the gap will likely be between $ 30 and $ 32 million. In January 2024, NPR's board named former Wikimedia Foundation CEO Katherine Maher its new CEO, effective late March. NPR is a membership organization. Member stations are required to be non-commercial or non-commercial educational radio stations; have at least five full-time professional employees; operate for at least 18 hours per day; and not be designed solely to further

2800-455: Is concerned, the word is a misnomer. When stern and sad-faced white men put to death a creature in human form who has deflowered a white woman, there is...the feeling of participating as mourner at a funeral. They have avenged the greatest wrong, the blackest crime in all the category of crimes, and they have done it, not so much as an act of retribution in behalf of the victim as a duty and as a warning as to what any man may expect who shall repeat

2900-441: Is down from its 2017 high of 37.7 million, but still well above its total of 20.9 million in 2008. According to 2015 figures, 87% of the NPR terrestrial public radio audience and 67% of the NPR podcast audience is white. According to the 2012 Pew Research Center 2012 News Consumption Survey, NPR listeners tend to be highly educated, with 54% of regular listeners being college graduates and 21% having some college. NPR's audience

3000-541: Is down, it's down for everybody; this is the area that is most down for us, in sponsorship, underwriting, advertising, call it whatever you want; just like it is for all of media." Hosts of the NPR program Planet Money stated the audience is indeed a product being sold to advertisers in the same way as commercial stations, saying: "they are not advertisers exactly but, they have a lot of the same characteristics; let's just say that." According to NPR's 2022 data, 30.7 million listeners tuned into its programs each week. This

3100-483: Is measured by Nielsen in both Diary and PPM (people meter) markets. NPR stations are frequently not included in "summary level" diary data used by most advertising agencies for media planning. Data on NPR listening can be accessed using "respondent level" diary data. Additionally, all radio stations (public and commercial) are treated equally within the PPM data sets making NPR station listenership data much more widely available to

Springfield race riot of 1908 - Misplaced Pages Continue

3200-417: Is not the Negro of the South," in that a black man in Springfield had an "aggressive attitude," which he would use to readily argue that he was "just as good as a white man." Corrupt white politicians were said to have contributed to this "arrogant attitude" by giving them city jobs, despite "the majority being lazy, dishonest, vicious, worthless, and genuinely bad." It was reportedly this "attitude" that created

3300-550: The Association of Public Radio Stations . Morning Edition premiered on November 5, 1979, first hosted by Bob Edwards . NPR suffered an almost fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly $ 7 million (equivalent to $ 19 million in 2022 dollars). After a Congressional investigation and the resignation of NPR's then-president Frank Mankiewicz , the Corporation for Public Broadcasting agreed to lend

3400-531: The Fourth of July , a fact that would later play into the ensuing attacks. For example, in 1907, in Decatur, there were over 200 arrests for drunkenness on Fourth of July. The holiday resulted in so many issues that The Inter Ocean newspaper , of Chicago, published an "Annual List of Injured, Arrest and Fires Resulting From Celebration of Fourth of July." In 1907, there were over 70 recorded injuries and nearly 20 arrests on

3500-602: The Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 . This act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson , and established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , which also created the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) for television in addition to NPR. A CPB organizing committee under John Witherspoon first created a board of directors chaired by Bernard Mayes . The board then hired Donald Quayle to be

3600-630: The TED Radio Hour routinely made the iTunes Top Podcasts list. Ken Stern became chief executive in September 2006, reportedly as the "hand-picked successor" of CEO Kevin Klose, who gave up the job but remained as NPR's president; Stern had worked with Klose at Radio Free Europe . On December 10, 2008, NPR announced that it would reduce its workforce by 7% and cancel the news programs Day to Day and News & Notes . The organization indicated this

3700-412: The "form" in bed with her, thinking it was her 22-year-old brother, Charles, arriving home after her and seeking "repose" in her bed rather than his own. She asked, "Is that you, Charlie?" When she received no answer, she asked if it was Charles again, then grabbed the "form's" hand and felt "hard substances" in it. Allegedly frightened, she recoiled, and "the form jumped away, mumbled something and ran into

3800-399: The 1,028 households 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.3% were non-families. 23.4% of households were one person and 12.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.06. The age distribution was 28.1% under

3900-505: The 1970s and early 1980s, the majority of NPR funding came from the federal government. Steps were taken during the Reagan administration in the 1980s to completely wean NPR from government support, but the 1983 funding crisis forced the network to make immediate changes. According to CPB , in 2009 11.3% of the aggregate revenues of all public radio broadcasting stations were funded from federal sources, principally through CPB; in 2012 10.9% of

4000-576: The 2010 census, Pawnee has a total area of 1.26 square miles (3.26 km ), all land. At the 2000 census there were 2,647 people, 1,028 households, and 747 families in the village. The population density was 2,221.0 inhabitants per square mile (857.5/km ). There were 1,086 housing units at an average density of 911.2 per square mile (351.8/km ). The racial makeup of the village was 98.83% White, 0.15% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.04% from other races, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.30%. Of

4100-502: The 250,000 miners across the country who went on strike after their contracts expired and coal operators showed "no inclination" to make new contracts with the union. Illinois' 60,000 miners subsequently "declared war" against coal operators. The unrest led to the shut down of Illinois' mines for a month, which had a significant negative impact on the freight business for the railroads as coal cars sat idle during that time. The lack of coal movement also impacted road workers, who could not pave

Springfield race riot of 1908 - Misplaced Pages Continue

4200-594: The 43 years from the end of the Civil War until the attacks in Springfield, instances of labeling black men as some variation of "brute", "menace", "beast", "nigger", "rapist", "fiend", or otherwise "inferior" had been printed in newspapers across the country over 200,000 times, approximately 13 instances per day. In the 12 months before the events began in Springfield, such labeling appeared in newspapers across Illinois over 500 times, more than once per day. The frequency of black men being labeled in such negative terms accentuated

4300-650: The Arbitron service and distributes the data to NPR and other non-commercial stations and on its website. Pawnee, Illinois Pawnee is a village in Sangamon County , Illinois , United States . Its population was 2,739 at the 2010 census, and 2,651 at a 2018 estimate. It is part of the Springfield, Illinois , Metropolitan Statistical Area . The community is named after the Pawnee Tribe . On August 6, 2023 ,

4400-637: The Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis railroad for 16 years, has been employed at the Jones & Allen mine for the last two years, and was well-liked among the mining community. That evening, Ballard's 16-year-old daughter, Blanche, spent the Fourth of July celebrating at the White City Amusement Park, along the eastern suburbs of Springfield, with some friends and neighbors. The event had attracted 5,000 people during

4500-469: The Civil War there had been some degree of tolerance for sexual relationships between black men and white women. However, after the war, keeping the races separate became essential in maintaining the racial hierarchy of white supremacy, because black men gained suffrage after the War, granting them political power to be social and economic competitors with white men. During Reconstruction , black male sexuality became

4600-563: The NPR Foundation Chair, and the NPR President & CEO. Terms are for three years and are staggered such that some stand for election every year. As of January 2024 , the board of directors of NPR included the following members: The original purposes of NPR, as ratified by the board of directors, are the following: The Public Editor responds to significant listener queries, comments and criticisms. The position reports to

4700-758: The South, and described the event as a proxy for the story of race in America. At least 17 people died as a result of the riot: nine black residents, and eight white residents who were associated with the mob, six of whom were killed by crossfire or state militias and two who died by suicide . It was misreported for decades that only militia were responsible for white deaths and that more whites than black people had died. Personal and property damages, suffered overwhelmingly by black people, amounted to more than $ 150,000 (approximately $ 4 million in 2018), as dozens of black homes and businesses were destroyed, as well as three white-owned businesses of suspected black sympathizers. As

4800-744: The Spotify Audience Network platform within NPR programming, when NPR has empty slots available they otherwise were unable to sell to other advertisers directly. In contrast with commercial broadcasting , NPR's radio broadcasts do not carry traditional commercials, but has advertising in the form of brief statements from major sponsors which may include corporate slogans , descriptions of products and services, and contact information such as website addresses and telephone numbers . These statements are called underwriting spots and, unlike commercials, are governed by specific FCC restrictions in addition to truth in advertising laws; they cannot advocate

4900-564: The afternoon All Things Considered , both carried by most NPR member stations, and among the most popular radio programs in the country. As of March 2018, the drive-time programs attract an audience of 14.9 million and 14.7 million per week, respectively. NPR manages the Public Radio Satellite System , which distributes its programs and other programming from independent producers and networks such as American Public Media and Public Radio Exchange , and which also acts as

5000-412: The age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males. The median household income was $ 50,787 and the median family income was $ 54,736. Males had a median income of $ 37,171 versus $ 26,304 for females. The per capita income for

5100-645: The annual black migration rate in Springfield decreased from 4 percent to 3 percent. Meanwhile, for European immigrants, the trend was the reverse. By July 1908, Springfield's population was over 45,000 (of which about 40 percent were under the age of 21). Of those 45,000, nearly 6,500 were European immigrants, who together with their first generation American offspring accounted for 40 percent of Springfield's population, while native white Americans made up just under 55 percent and black people about 6 percent. These population shifts had economic, political and social implications, particularly as

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5200-479: The black workers. In 1898, labor violence broke out in what was called the Battle of Virden , resulting in 11 deaths. Springfield's immigrants were anxious about competing with the city's black minority, and the city's native whites worried about growing political power among the city's black people. Black people had no allies among the whites, and were caught between the suspicions of native-born and immigrants. Prior to

5300-514: The brute and committed an act which is more cruel than death? Try him? Drag the victim into court, for she alone can furnish legal evidence, and make her testify to the fearful ordeal through which she has passed, undergoing a second crucifixion? Our rule is to make the woman witness, prosecutor, judge, and jury...I am satisfied to get out of the world such creatures. In the period after the end of Reconstruction, approximately 1897–1917, lynchings coincided with mass disenfranchisement efforts throughout

5400-574: The city), but some worked for the city as firemen and policemen.) Black people generally lived in the racially segregated neighborhoods of "The Levee" and "The Badlands". Realtors used restrictive covenants that prevented black people from purchasing property elsewhere. Social tensions rose due to the swelling immigrant population, the decrease in job stability, and the movement of a few upper middle class black people into white neighborhoods. Resentment among white immigrants ran high against black people. Whites resented upward mobility among black people as

5500-485: The corner of North Capitol Street NE and L Street NW—is in the burgeoning NoMa neighborhood of Washington. The first show scheduled to be broadcast from the new studios was Weekend Edition Saturday . Morning Edition was the last show to move to the new location. In June 2013 NPR canceled the weekday call-in show Talk of the Nation . In September 2013, certain of NPR's 840 full- and part-time employees were offered

5600-420: The country. During this time, wealthy white men sought to keep political power from black people and poor white men sought to keep economic power from black people, while European immigrants sought to obtain political and economic power for themselves. 1908 was an election year in Springfield. The city had been plagued with rampant political corruption, for 20 years, when Indiana's " Blocks of Five " voting system

5700-461: The current system was in place because the station is a "media company that strives to be innovative and nimble." In December 2018, NPR launched a new podcast analytics technology called Remote Audio Data (RAD), which developer Stacey Goers described as a "method for sharing listening metrics from podcast applications straight back to publishers, with extreme care and respect for user privacy." In late November 2022, CEO John Lansing told staffers in

5800-477: The day, and the night attendance was "more than double that number." Blanche returned home shortly after midnight. Blanche alleged to have just fallen asleep (though it would also be reported that she awoke from "a heavy sleep"), in her east-facing front bedroom, when she was awakened by the presence of "a strange form" lying at the foot of her bed, a bed that she also shared with her 10-year-old sister, Marie. Blanche alleged that she stretched her hand out and touched

5900-784: The debt. Delano Lewis , the president of C&P Telephone , left that position to become NPR's CEO and president in January 1994. Lewis resigned in August 1998. In November 1998, NPR's board of directors hired Kevin Klose , the director of the International Broadcasting Bureau , as its president and chief executive officer. September 11th attacks made it apparent in a very urgent way that we need another facility that could keep NPR going if something devastating happens in Washington. Jay Kernis, NPR's senior VP for programming NPR spent nearly $ 13 million to acquire and equip

6000-493: The direction of the organization", including issues NPR's member station managers had had with NPR's expansion into new media "at the expense of serving" the stations that financially support NPR. As of 2009, corporate sponsorship comprised 26% of the NPR budget. In October 2010, NPR accepted a $ 1.8 million grant from the Open Society Institute . The grant is meant to begin a project called Impact of Government that

6100-527: The fate of black man who dared to "step out of their place". Simply being accused of any offense against whites, regardless of evidence or the motives of the accuser, would result in the conviction, or lynching, of black people. White women, as social and economic beneficiaries of a white-dominant racial hierarchy, were not only purveyors of this treatment of black people, but in many cases, actively sought such treatment against black people. Such notions commenced an era of terrorism and lynching of black men. In

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6200-530: The federally funded Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). In 2009, member stations derived 6% of their revenue from federal, state and local government funding, 10% of their revenue from CPB grants, and 14% of their revenue from universities. NPR receives a small number of competitive grants from CPB and federal agencies like the Department of Education and the Department of Commerce. This funding amounts to less than 1% of revenues. In 2011, NPR announced

6300-527: The first president of NPR with 30 employees and 90 charter member local stations, and studios in Washington, D.C. NPR aired its first broadcast on April 20, 1971, covering United States Senate hearings on the ongoing Vietnam War in Southeast Asia . The afternoon drive-time newscast All Things Considered premiered on May 3, 1971, first hosted by Robert Conley . NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with

6400-694: The floor of the United States Congress. In the lead up to the passage of the Ku Klux Klan Act in 1872, whites who testified before Congress exhibited "extreme anxiety" about sexual relations between black men and white women, with testimony linking to fears of black men's political and economic independence. Rape of white women, it was argued, was the natural proclivity of black men without slavery to restrain them; free black men were commonly equated to unchained animals ("black brutes") who lacked human intelligence and could, therefore, not be entrusted with

6500-540: The general public, and the chair of the NPR Foundation. On November 2, 2015, NPR Members approved a change in the NPR Bylaws to expand the board of directors to 23 directors, consisting of 12 Member Directors who are managers of NPR Member stations and are elected to the board by their fellow Member stations, 9 Public Directors who are prominent members of the public selected by the board and confirmed by NPR Member stations,

6600-523: The gift totaled $ 35 million. NPR will use the interest from the bequest to expand its news staff and reduce some member stations' fees. The 2005 budget was about $ 120 million. In August 2005, NPR entered podcasting with a directory of over 170 programs created by NPR and member stations. Users downloaded NPR and other public radio podcasts 5 million times by November of that year. Ten years later, by March 2015, users downloaded podcasts produced only by NPR 94 million times, and NPR podcasts like Fresh Air and

6700-493: The immigrant population was 0.15 percent, not growing beyond roughly 4,500 people. But after the turn of the century, immigrant settlement in Springfield increased rapidly. Around 1890, the migration of black people to Springfield began to slow. In the early 20th century, black people from the rural South began the Great Migration , and many began moving to larger cities, such as New York and Chicago. Between 1900 and 1908,

6800-441: The immigrants, who they deemed to be biologically inferior, culturally and religiously odd, and generally substandard with a proclivity to filth, laziness and violence. Within the country's racial hierarchy, European immigrants were perched below whites, but above black people, fending off degrading ethnic slurs such as " Hunky " (Hungarians), " Guinea " (Italians), and " Polack " (Polish). Such attitudes presented new immigrants with

6900-473: The list. On Saturday, July 5, 1908, at approximately 12:45 a.m., shortly after the saloons closed for the night, an intruder allegedly entered the home of a 45-year-old white hoisting engineer at a mine, Clergy "Posey" Ballard, located at 1135 North Ninth Street. Ballard was a long-time resident, and one of the "best beloved men" of the North End – a primarily white, mixed-income neighborhood. He had worked on

7000-423: The media planning community. NPR's signature morning news program, Morning Edition , is the network's most popular program, drawing 14.63 million listeners a week, with its afternoon newsmagazine, All Things Considered , a close second, with 14.6 million listeners a week according to 2017 Nielsen ratings data. Arbitron data is also provided by Radio Research Consortium , a non-profit corporation which subscribes to

7100-523: The network money in order to stave off bankruptcy. In exchange, NPR agreed to a new arrangement whereby the annual CPB stipend that it had previously received directly would be divided among local stations instead; in turn, those stations would support NPR productions on a subscription basis. NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture (the Public Radio Satellite System ), making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR approximately three years to pay off

7200-410: The notion that saloons were breeding grounds for moral and political corruption , due to the perception that immigrants traded their votes for favors i.e. jobs, housing, food, etc. In a backlash to the changing demographics, many prohibitionists embraced nativism , fostering further resentment toward immigrants who, typically due to cultural differences about drinking, were against prohibition. After

7300-531: The offense. They are looking to the protection of their own loved ones...the white women of the South are in a state of siege...Some lurking demon who has watched for the opportunity seizes her: she is choked or beaten into insensibility and ravished, her body prostituted, her purity destroyed, her chastity taken from her, and a memory branded on her brain as with a red-hot iron to haunt her night and day as long as she lives... ...I have three daughters, but, so help me God, I had rather find either one of them killed by

7400-614: The other was set free. The riot was a catalyst for the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which was organized to work on civil rights for African Americans. Near the 100th anniversary in 2008, the City of Springfield erected historical markers and a memorial statue. Part of the site of the riots was established as the Springfield 1908 Race Riot National Monument in 2024. In 1908, Springfield

7500-439: The overall sentiment of the county becoming "dry" was favored by just two fewer votes than those who favored it remaining "wet." This caused the Springfield mayor, Roy Reece, a politician known to curry political favors through vice , to implement a minimal regulation to keep voters, on either side of the issue, happy, by prohibiting any saloon to operate between 12:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m. Despite this, Springfield remained

7600-472: The panic, increased to 8 percent, resulting in fierce job competition. As of April 1908, there were 200,000 unemployed men in Illinois, with 55 percent of those residing outside of Chicago. Comparatively, neighboring Iowa and Missouri, which had populations that were 40 percent and 60 percent of Illinois' (5.5 million), had 2,000 and 43,000 unemployed men, respectively. Due to its dependence on mines, railroad, and vice industries, such as saloons, Springfield

7700-434: The parlor," on the north side of the house, where he proceeded to go from room to room. Blanche allegedly called out to her 43-year-old mother, Gertrude (who went by her middle name "Emma"), which was said to have awakened her father. Ballard went to Blanche's room and, "perceiving a negro in the house," tried to approach the man. However, "before Ballard could close in on the man," the man fled. Ballard had seen nothing "but

7800-469: The particularly distressed economy of 1908, many European immigrants opted for unemployment over taking jobs that perpetuated stereotypes of them, or taking "nigger jobs" that would associate them with black people. In Springfield, such attitudes were inflamed by white Americans who had immigrated from Kentucky (across the Ohio River), from the border area of southern Illinois, and also from other areas across

7900-656: The pending attacks in two ways. First, though Springfield was somewhat sheltered from the sluggish economy, the Panic did leave more men unemployed or underemployed. Second, many of these men would frequent the saloons, where they would drink daily, binge drink, and abuse alcohol due to mental strain, financial pressure, shame and a feeling of helplessness that they were unable to protect, and provide, for their families. Socially, unemployed white men felt aggrieved against black men who either had jobs or owned property and, otherwise, lived well. " Drunkenness " arrests were particularly high on

8000-424: The perception among whites of their very presence as a threat, a perception in which blackness, vice , and crime were conflated. In 1907, the year before the attacks in Springfield, this perceived threat was addressed on the floor of the U.S. Senate when Senator Ben Tillman delivered a rousing speech advocating the economic and political protection of white men from black men by nullifying the 14th Amendment , and

8100-525: The president and CEO John Lansing. In April 2020, Kelly McBride became the Public Editor for NPR. In 2020, NPR released a budget for FY21 anticipating revenue of $ 250 million, a slight decrease from the prior year due to impacts of COVID-19. The budget anticipated $ 240 million in operating expenses, plus additional debt service and capital costs that lead to a cash deficit of approximately $ 4 million. The budget included $ 25 million in budget cuts. During

8200-562: The revenues for Public Radio came from federal sources. In 2010, NPR revenues totaled $ 180 million, with the bulk of revenues coming from programming fees, grants from foundations or business entities, contributions and sponsorships . According to the 2009 financial statement, about 50% of NPR revenues come from the fees it charges member stations for programming and distribution charges. Typically, NPR member stations receive funds through on-air pledge drives , corporate underwriting, state and local governments, educational institutions, and

8300-408: The right to vote. Conversely, black women, who were routinely raped by white men, resulting in a population of over 1 million mulattos , were deemed as lacking sexual morals, casting the entire race as void of morality and intelligence, so that they should not be allowed to vote. Frederick Douglass noted the political link of black men being accused of rape: "It is only since the Negro has become

8400-479: The roads without the coal. In early May, while over 35,000 of Illinois' miners voted to return to work, miners in two districts voted to move forward with the strike – Peoria and Springfield. Around the same time, miners in neighboring Decatur voted to go on strike and, on June 8, 1908, roughly 500 miners called off two separate strikes, at the Pawnee and Pana mines, over work conditions. Ultimately, these events created

8500-413: The roll-out of their own online advertising network , which allows member stations to run geographically targeted advertisement spots from national sponsors that may otherwise be unavailable to their local area, opening additional advertising-related revenue streams to the broadcaster. Center Stage , a mix of native advertising and banner ad featured prominently on the NPR homepage, above-the-fold,

8600-404: The same corruption from whites, despite black people owning less than 3 percent of the city's saloons. Any offense, committed by black people, was deemed "the fault" of black corruption, black saloons, black suffrage, and black upward mobility. In Springfield, much like across the country, "problems" arose when black people were not "kept in their place." It was noted that "the Negro of Springfield

8700-445: The social protection of white women from black men by means of lynching: I never have called them baboons; I believe they are men, but some of them are so near akin to the monkey that scientists are yet looking for the missing link. We saw the evil of giving the ballot to creatures of this kind, and saying that one vote shall count regardless of the man behind the vote and whether that vote would kill mine... As far as lynching for rape

8800-464: The south, seeking work in the mines and railroads. These southern immigrants brought the heightened racial animus with them that was associated with the segregated racial culture of the region. Following the Civil War , black people began migrating north for work and also in search of areas less socially oppressive than the south. In the post-Reconstruction years of the late 19th century, Springfield, as

8900-406: The unemployment rate increased from under 3 percent to 8 percent between May 1907 and June 1908, during the Panic. In 1908, there were slightly more than 1,000 black men in Springfield's workforce. About 50 percent were porters and laborers; only 150 were employed as miners. Most of the rest were restricted to lower-class and unskilled jobs (for example, there were no white janitors in

9000-421: The village was $ 21,599. About 5.9% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 7.6% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over. Pawnee is loosely represented in the video game Watch Dogs , though the geographic position is quite different. Due to contiguous map size constraints in the open-world game, Pawnee is shown to be relatively close to Chicago ; however, it

9100-508: Was "making a conscious effort to consistently refer to ourselves as NPR on-air and online" because NPR is the common name for the organization and its radio hosts have used the tag line "This ... is NPR" for many years. National Public Radio remains the legal name of the group, however, as it has been since 1970. NPR replaced the National Educational Radio Network on February 26, 1970, following Congressional passage of

9200-500: Was a transportation hub, connected by railroad to other major cities such as Indianapolis, Louisville, and Kansas City, etc. Illinois is often considered a microcosm of the U.S. and Springfield, with about 45,000 people at the time, most of whom were working class, was described as an "average American community". In July 1908, the US was pulling itself out of the Panic of 1907 , which occurred during

9300-711: Was about 35,000 people and growing. In 1900, the immigrant population, which prior to 1890 had only grown at a rate of 0.15 percent per year and remained stagnant at roughly 4,500, began to grow at a rate of 4 percent per year – a 300,000 percent increase. According to the United States Census Bureau , in 1908, nearly 35 percent of these immigrants were unable to speak English, and nearly 15 percent were illiterate. This created tension between white immigrants and white Americans, who feared their growing political presence. White Americans were increasingly more negative, fearful, and xenophobic toward

9400-505: Was in response to a rapid drop in corporate underwriting in the wake of the economic crisis of 2008 . In the fall of 2008, NPR programming reached a record 27.5 million people weekly, according to Arbitron ratings figures. NPR stations reach 32.7 million listeners overall. In March 2008, the NPR Board announced that Stern would be stepping down from his role as chief executive officer, following conflict with NPR's board of directors "over

9500-456: Was intended to add at least 100 journalists at NPR member radio stations in all 50 states by 2013. The OSI has made previous donations but does not take on-air credit for its gifts. In April 2013, NPR moved from its home of 19 years (635 Massachusetts Avenue NW) to new offices and production facilities at 1111 North Capitol Street NE in a building adapted from the former C&P Telephone Warehouse and Repair Facility . The new headquarters—at

9600-443: Was introduced to the community, enabling a vice ring to dominate local affairs. White politicians, looking to secure votes, began "buying" votes from black men in exchange for legal immunity, allowing vice in the black saloon district to thrive. The politicians also "bought" votes in the white saloon districts, but negative labeling of black men had framed their corruption as being "more" harmful, "more" dangerous, and "more" lawless than

9700-481: Was largely insulated from much of the contraction. However, the city still could not escape the economic downturn of the region, including new alcohol policies passed in 1908 that suddenly put the employees at nearly 2,000 bars across the state out of work, including 20 percent of the saloons across Sangamon County . There was growing unrest among railroad workers after the Illinois Central Railroad began

9800-530: Was launched in 2013. The launch partner for Center Stage was Squarespace . In 2014, NPR CEO Jarl Mohn said the network would begin to increase revenue by having brands NPR views as more relevant to the audience underwrite NPR programs and requesting higher rates from them. For the year ended September 30, 2018, total operating revenues were $ 235 million, increasing to almost $ 259 million by September 2019. In 2023, Current reported that NPR partnered with Spotify to run targeted advertisements sold through

9900-533: Was the home of four saloons, and Capital Township , which included Springfield and accounted for over 80 percent of the county's nearly 250 saloons. At the time of the vote, approximately $ 2.2 million (over $ 55 million in 2018) was spent on alcohol in Springfield's more than 200 saloons, six of which were black-owned, generating tax revenue that accounted for one-third of the city's $ 300,000 (about $ 7.5 million in 2018) annual budget. While there were nearly 18,000 [all male] ballots cast in that county vote,

10000-450: Was the most trusted news source in the United States. In 2014, Pew reported that, of adults who had heard of NPR, 55% of those polled trusted it; this was a similar level of listener trust as CNN , NBC , and ABC . NPR stations generally subscribe to the Nielsen rating service , but are not included in published ratings and rankings such as Radio & Records . NPR station listenership

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