71-460: The Turkey Cafe is a building with a flamboyant Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style) facade in Granby Street , Leicester , England. It was built in 1900 and is now a Grade II listed building , once again used as a café . The facade puns on two meanings of "turkey", with a vaguely Eastern exotic style of architecture and three large turkey birds on the facade, one sculpted on each side of
142-471: A county borough , independent from Leicestershire County Council . In 1919 Leicester was awarded city status , after which the corporation was formally called the "mayor, aldermen and citizens of the city of Leicester", also known as the city council. In 1928 the council was given the right to appoint a Lord Mayor . The corporation was replaced in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 , with
213-574: A directly elected mayor . The council also appoints a ceremonial Lord Mayor who chairs council meetings; the directly elected mayor is termed the City Mayor to distinguish the post from the Lord Mayor. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2007, and the City Mayor has been Sir Peter Soulsby since 2011. The council meets at Leicester Town Hall and has its main offices at City Hall on Charles Street. The council traces its roots to
284-632: A second store in Paris in 1890. In the 1890s, Liberty collaborated with many British designers and artists, mainly working in the Arts and Crafts style that was by then evolving into Art Nouveau. The store became synonymous with the new style, to the extent that Art Nouveau is sometimes called stile Liberty in Italy. The styles co-existed and numerous artists contributed to both styles and played roles in developing them. A good example of this blurring of lines and distinction
355-433: A Grade II building for its art nouveau style architecture, making it clear that the building is of architectural and historic special interest. To the people of Leicester, the building certainly is worth preserving and does have an interesting history. The building has served as a cafe, restaurant, meeting place, ice-cream parlour, and unexpectedly an office for opticians. While numerous buildings were destroyed during and after
426-637: A huge influence on the artists of the Vienna Secession and the Viennese art scene. Modern Style artists strongly influenced Koloman Moser and Josef Hoffmann , and inspired them to establish the Wiener Werkstätte . In 1901 the writer Jean Lahor stated that William Morris and John Ruskin were precursors to Art Nouveau. British design was enormously influential at that time, and this became unbearable for some: writer Charles Genuys declared in 1897 that it
497-635: A lecture to the Glasgow Architectural Association on the subject of Scottish Baronial: "How different is the study of Scottish Baronial architecture. Its original examples are at our doors... the monuments of our forefathers, the works of men bearing our own name". Along with his most famous work, Glasgow School of Art , almost all buildings he created are notable and important such as Scotland Street School Museum , Queen's Cross Church, Glasgow , and Hill House, Helensburgh . Along with built designs, there were several which were not built. He
568-459: A legislative and political standpoint, a significant moment for glass in Britain was the abolition in 1851 of a tax on windows according to their size. This in turn led to larger windows, and greater use of glass in architecture and house design in general. The 19th century made important innovations when it comes to glass manufacturing. In the 1820s the technique for moulding glass was discovered, and in
639-441: A new light and changing people's perception of home furnishings. Morris's most iconic forms were unique plant-based compositions, in wallpaper from 1864 and printed textiles from 1874. Plants native to England were the essence of his design. C. F. A. Voysey made a huge contribution to the field. Although an architect by profession he was persuaded by his friend Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo to try designing wallpapers. One of his aphorisms
710-695: A number of other cafes in Manchester and the Oriental Cafe in Leicester. The offices of Wakerley's architectural practice were above Winn's Oriental Cafe, making it easy to negotiate a deal regarding the construction and occupancy of a new cafe on Granby Street. Wakerley approached the Royal Doulton Company for help constructing his design for the new "Turkey Cafe". The style of the Turkey Cafe reflected what
781-401: A referendum, the position of directly elected mayor was created to provide political leadership for the council. The directly elected mayor is called the City Mayor to distinguish the post from the continuing position of Lord Mayor. The Lord Mayor acts as a ceremonial figurehead for the city and chairs council meetings, with the position usually being held by a different councillor each year. As
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#1732858338119852-400: A renaissance. He did away with luxurious jacquard weaved silk furnishings at one end of the luxury scale, and with cheap roller printed textiles and wallpapers at the other. The focus of his attention, in Arts and Crafts spirit, was on traditional craft-based hand block printing and hand weaving. He fully utilised these mediums with new patterns and unleashed creativity in pattern design, shining
923-433: A significant contribution to the style in the medium. One of the founding members and first instructor in metalwork was John Pearson . Pearson is most famous for his work in copper, and his innovation of beating the copper out against a block of lead. Guild designs of belt buckles, jewellery, cutlery, and tableware were notable in influencing German and Austrian Art Nouveau artists. Thanks to William Morris, this medium had
994-531: A spirit of innovation which was the essence of Arts and Crafts. Art Nouveau is a natural evolution of the Arts and Crafts movement. Fertile ground for this new style was in Scotland, and Glasgow in particular. The city already had significant artistic activity, with the Glasgow Art Institute founded in 1879. As with most other European style variations, it was influenced by Japonisme which was in vogue with
1065-473: A tiled mural of a turkey was added, and smaller windows were inserted. The Turkey Cafe underwent yet another renovation process after Rayner Opticians Ltd purchased the property in 1982. The interior was altered greatly to accommodate the new business that it would house, and curved windows were added to the above stories. However, the etched glass windows on the ground floor and the front arch were kept and restored to their original condition. Rayners tracked down
1136-471: A unitary authority, Leicester City Council provides both county-level and district-level services. Some services are provided via joint committees with other councils, notably the Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service and Leicestershire Constabulary , which are run by joint boards of the city council with Leicestershire County Council and Rutland County Council . There are no civil parishes in
1207-778: Is Red House, Bexleyheath (1860), with architectural work by Philip Webb and interiors by William Morris. The work of Arthur Mackmurdo is the earliest fully realised form of Art Nouveau; his Mahogany chair from 1883 and design for a cover for the essay Wren's City Churches are recognised by art historians as the very first works in the new style. Mackmurdo's work shows the influence of another British illustrator William Blake , whose designs for Songs of Innocence and of Experience from 1789 point to an even earlier origin of Art Nouveau. Unlike in Europe, in Great Britain there had been no radical revolution, and artists and architects continued
1278-531: Is Charles Rennie Mackintosh, whose architecture work was very much in the Glasgow style, but parts of the interior in those same buildings could lean more in the Arts and Crafts direction, particularly the furniture. In 1900, "The Four" and some English artists including Charles Robert Ashbee with his Guild and School of Handicraft were invited to participate in the Vienna Secession 's 8th exhibition. They were
1349-595: Is a style of architecture, art, and design that first emerged in the United Kingdom in the mid-1880s. It was the first Art Nouveau style worldwide, and it represents the evolution of the Arts and Crafts movement which was native to Great Britain . The Modern Style provided the base and intellectual background for the Art Nouveau movement and was adapted by other countries, giving birth to local variants such as Jugendstil and
1420-487: Is decorated with tiles in designs by W. J. Neatby. James Salmon , who was a native of Glasgow and attended Glasgow School of Art from 1888 until 1895, completing his apprenticeship in the office of William Leiper (1839–1916), also developed a remarkable style. "The Hatrack" (1899–1902) in St Vincent Street is his most famous work, with much glass, a highly detailed Modern Style facade and a distinctive cupola that gave
1491-491: Is hard to overstate. William James Neatby started his foray into the ceramics at Burmantofts Potteries working as the architectural ceramics designer; he was previously working as an architect. He spent six years working for the company, from 1894 to 1890, and was its leading designer during that period. Neatby worked closely with the architects and designed numerous interiors and exteriors for hotels, hospitals, banks, restaurants and houses. The architects would only give Neatby
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#17328583381191562-551: Is the Royal Arcade, Norwich which has 24 wooden bow-fronted shops with faience details designed by W. J. Neatby . Writer and poet John Betjeman said of Skipper: "He is altogether remarkable and original. He was to Norwich what Gaudi was to Barcelona." Everard's Printing Works in Bristol is another icon of Modern Style. Architectural work by Henry Williams celebrates the history of printing from Gutenberg to William Morris. The facade
1633-455: Is the local authority for the city of Leicester , in the ceremonial county of Leicestershire , England. Leicester has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1997 the council has been a unitary authority , being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council ; it is independent from Leicestershire County Council . The council consists of 54 councillors, overseen by
1704-692: The Aldermen of the corporation, and the 48 other Burgesses as the Common Council . The members of the Corporation chose the burgesses to send to the House of Commons . Leicester was reformed to become a municipal borough in 1836 under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , which standardised how most boroughs across the country were governed. The borough was then led by a corporate body formally called
1775-798: The Corporation of Leicester , and before then to the Merchant Gild and the Portmanmoot . The Portmanmoot consisted of 24 Jurats , elected from the burgesses (members of the Gild Merchant, or freemen ), along with two bailiffs, and a clerk. It appears to have existed before the Norman Conquest in 1066. In 1209, the lead member of the Portmanmoot, the Alderman, became known as a mayor. The Gild Merchant and
1846-526: The Glasgow School , so that the style was also known as the "Glasgow Style". Pieces designed by William Morris, Archibald Knox, and Christopher Dresser were on sale in a newly opened department store called Liberty , in London's Regent Street, in 1875. Arthur Lasenby Liberty with his great business skills fused the Arts and Crafts and Celtic Britain aesthetics with popular demand for oriental design. He opened
1917-483: The Vienna Secession . It was cultivated and disseminated through the Liberty department store and The Studio magazine. The most important person in the field of design in general, and architecture in particular, was Charles Rennie Mackintosh . He created one of the key motifs of the movement, now known as the "Mackintosh rose" or "Glasgow rose". The Glasgow School circle was also of tremendous importance, particularly
1988-599: The Wiener Werkstätte . They continued to be popular in the Viennese art scene, with both exhibiting at the Viennese International Art Exhibit in 1909. In 1902, the couple received a major Viennese commission: Fritz Waerndorfer , the initial financer of the Wiener Werkstätte, was building a new villa outside Vienna showcasing the work of many local architects. Josef Hoffmann and Koloman Moser were already designing two of its rooms. Waerndorfer invited
2059-450: The "mayor, aldermen and burgesses of the borough of Leicester", which was generally known as the corporation or town council. The previous system of co-option for members of the council was replaced with elections by rate-payers. This led to a prolonged spell of Liberal control of the council. When elected county councils were established in 1889, Leicester was considered large enough to provide its own county-level services, and so it became
2130-459: The 1870s for blown glass. Besides new techniques, new types of glass were also being explored. One of these was Clutha glass, trademarked by James Couper & Sons in 1888. This glass, unlike the previous type of glass, had air bubbes purposely left, as it imitated ancient Roman glass which was in vogue at the time. Clutha line was designed by Dresser from 1888 until 1896 and was retailed by the ever-present Liberty department store. Dresser focused on
2201-601: The Brucciani family, the Turkey cafe became a coffee and ice-cream shop. The reputation of the cafe as a location for woman to gather continued, and in 1966, the cafe had a "Ladies Only" room. After the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 came into law, they could no longer prohibit men from entering. In 1968, the cafe was once again renovated. The result was a mixture of old and new. The original interior tiled walls were panelled over,
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2272-506: The Hathernware Ceramics Ltd of Loughborough who was the only firm experienced in using the terra cotta material needed for restoration. The opticians were also fortunate enough to have the original architectural drawings and a 1910 photograph, which architects Sawday and Moffat had in their archives. Rayners then commissioned Deardon Briggs Designs Ltd to follow these plans for the restoration process and creation of reproductions. In
2343-454: The Liberty department store, for which several designs were produced. Many talented designers worked for the studio, including John Illingworth Kay, Harry Napper, and Archibald Knox. In 1897 The Studio reported that le style Anglais was invading France, and that "the majority of designers and manufacturers are content to copy and disfigure English patterns." The huge popularity of these designs
2414-688: The Mackintoshes to design the music room. That room was decorated with panels of MacDonald Mackintosh's art: the Opera of the Winds , the Opera of the Seas , and the Seven Princesses , a new wall-sized triptych considered by some to be her finest work. This collaboration was described by contemporary critic Amelia Levetus as "perhaps their greatest work, for they were allowed perfectly free scope". The first appearance of
2485-583: The Moot overlapped in membership and had probably become effectively merged in the 14th century. Membership of the Twenty-Four appears to have been by co-option , chosen by themselves. Traditionally, the general populace attended some meetings of the Moot and Guild, but this was restricted to burgesses in 1467. Later, in 1489, this changed to a system where the Mayor and the Twenty-Four chose Forty-Eight burgesses to represent
2556-511: The World Wars, including all of Winn's other cafes, the Turkey Cafe has remained. Now, the building has come full circle, standing restored in its original appearance and serving as a cafe. [REDACTED] Media related to The Turkey Cafe, Leicester at Wikimedia Commons 52°38′03″N 1°07′51″W / 52.63403°N 1.13075°W / 52.63403; -1.13075 Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style) The Modern Style
2627-914: The addition of the Celtic Revival trend and its nationalistic tone. Archibald Knox was a prominent figure in the formation of a new style, which built on the foundation of Arts and Crafts with the conscious addition of Celtic elements, as he was from the Isle of Man and interested in his Celtic roots. Christopher Dresser and his interest in Japanese design added an important ingredient to the Modern Style. The Style existed in England as well, but artists there gravitated slightly more towards Arts and Crafts. The most prominent figures would be Charles Rennie Mackintosh and people closely associated with him also known as "The Four", and
2698-560: The biggest impact in the field of painting and the style in general. This group consisted of Charles Rennie Mackintosh, his friend Herbert MacNair , and sisters Frances MacDonald and Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh . "The Four" met at painting classes at the Glasgow School of Art in 1891. Frances MacDonald and Herbert MacNair married in 1899, and Margaret MacDonald and Charles Rennie Mackintosh married in 1900. Although all were great artists in their own right, MacDonald Mackintosh stood out in
2769-505: The buildings its nickname. Charles Harrison Townsend made a significant contribution to the style; some claim he was the only English architect to have worked in the new style. Like all architects and artists working in the new style he displayed an affinity for nature motifs but his motif of choice was the tree. Leslie Green was a Londoner who designed a significant number of iconic London Underground stations in his home city. His use of oxblood glazed architectural terra-cotta on
2840-470: The cafe was not designed with only women in mind. Located in the back of the cafe was the Smoke Room. This room with its dark interior provided a place for men to gather and converse as well. The popularity of the cafe rose so high that in 1911 Winn expanded into the building next door, which used to be William Wheeler Kendall's " Umbrella Manufacturer and Can Stick Merchant. " This change allowed Winn to expand
2911-444: The city. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2007. Political control of the council since the 1974 reforms took effect has been as follows: Non-metropolitan district Unitary authority Political leadership is provided by the directly elected Mayor of Leicester . The separate post of Lord Mayor is the council's ceremonial figurehead and chairs full council meetings. Prior to 2011 political leadership
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2982-422: The curving, sinuous forms that came to be called Art Nouveau is traditionally attributed to Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo in 1883. They were soon adopted in the 1890s by Pre-Raphaelite painter Edward Burne-Jones and by Aesthetic movement illustrator Aubrey Beardsley , following the advice of the art historian and critic John Ruskin , who urged artists to "go to nature" for their inspiration. In Britain, one of
3053-426: The daily production of British industry... The powerful efforts of Mr. Dresser to raise the national design standard to which end he did not create costly individual objects, but instead turned to products for the middle class, indeed objects which would benefit the general public and which deserve every recognition". The Studio wrote in 1899, a magazine that had a great influence on shaping Art Nouveau. From
3124-460: The decorations etched into the front window, as well as the red and green art nouveau designs of the rear tea room windows. The Turkey Cafe was opened in September 1901 and was later renumbered 24 Granby Street. As a tea room, the cafe was popular with women. Not only was it a respectable venue for gathering, but it provided a convenient meeting place to discuss the progress of women's rights. However,
3195-470: The end, the restoration of the exterior cost over £30,000, with Leicester City Council contributing £5,000. For two decades the building served as an optician's office, but in 2014 the building was returned to its original purpose as a cafe during the day and a cocktail bar at night. Now called 1901 - The Turkey Cafe representing the year the building was constructed and many original features have been exposed and restored. The building has also been listed as
3266-473: The exterior of stations gave them a distinct and somewhat flamboyant appearance. For the interiors he used a pleasant bottle-green terra-cotta. Cymric was the name given to a range of original silver and jewellery that A. L. Liberty sponsored in 1898, and which was first exhibited at his shop in the spring of the following year. Although the mark registered at the Goldsmiths' Company was entered in his name,
3337-425: The field of painting; she greatly influenced Mackintosh and he praised her as a genius. Both sisters were influenced by the work of William Blake and Aubrey Beardsley and this is reflected in their use of elongated figures and linear elements. MacDonald Mackintosh exhibited with her husband at the 1900 Vienna Secession, where they were an influence on Gustav Klimt , Josef Hoffmann , and artists who would later form
3408-512: The first leading graphic artists in what became Art Nouveau style was Aubrey Beardsley. He began with engraved book illustrations for Le Morte d'Arthur , then black and white illustrations for Salome by Oscar Wilde in 1893, which brought him fame. In the same year, he began engraving illustrations and posters for the art magazine The Studio , which helped publicise European artists such as Fernand Khnopff in Britain. The curving lines and intricate floral patterns attracted as much attention as
3479-460: The form and practicality of his designs, and had a great understanding of manufacturing technique: "Glass has a molten state in which it can be blown into the most beautiful of shapes. This process is the work of but a few seconds. If material is worked in its most simple and befitting manner, the results are more beautiful than those which are arrived at by any roundabout method of production." Leicester City Council Leicester City Council
3550-480: The ground floor shopfront and another forming a large coloured panel of Royal Doulton tiles right at the top. The site of the Turkey Cafe was owned by James Wesley, a grocer and confectioner, from 1877 to 1899. Wesley sold the site to architect Arthur Wakerley , a well-known Leicester architect who was also a prominent supporter of the Temperance Movement . Upon completion he leased it to John Winn, who owned
3621-480: The group closely associated with Mackintosh known as " The Four ". The Liberty store's nurturing of style gave birth to two metalware lines, Cymric and Tudric , designed by Archibald Knox . In the field of ceramic and glass Christopher Dresser is a standout figure: not only did he work with the most prominent ceramic manufacturers but became a crucial person behind James Couper & Sons' trademarking of Clutha glass, inspired by ancient Rome, in 1888. Aubrey Beardsley
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#17328583381193692-520: The majority of the silver and jewellery was made by W. H. Haseler of Birmingham, who became a joint partner in the project, after designs supplied by Oliver Baker and the Silver Studio . Archibald Knox, a Manxman who had worked for Christopher Dresser, was one of the most gifted designers employed by the Silver Studio; he supplied the majority of Liberty metalwork designs between 1899 and 1912. Tudric
3763-430: The medium were John W. Wadsworth and Léon-Victor Solon . In 1901 Wadsworth, under the directorship of Solon, created a range called "Secessionist Ware". Named after the Vienna Secession which was very much in vogue post-1900, its stylised floral designs and strong use of line contributed significantly to the international movement. Even though Mackintosh did not create ceramics his design influence, both direct and indirect,
3834-421: The modern Leicester City Council, a non-metropolitan district council. This was a lower tier district-level authority, with county-level services being provided to the city by Leicestershire County Council for the first time. In 1997, Leicester City Council regained responsibility for county-level services from Leicestershire County Council as part of the 1990s UK local government reforms . The way this change
3905-552: The others, and the Twenty-Four and the Forty-Eight would govern jointly. After doubts as to the ability of the Moot and Gild to hold property arose in the 16th century, the corporation was formed, replacing the Gild and Portmanmoot, in 1589. A second charter was granted in 1599, reconfirming this, to The Mayor, Bailiffs and Burgesses of the Borough of Leicester . The 24 Jurats became known as
3976-446: The restaurant and storage space, and add a billiard room. Further renovations were made in 1927 when Winn decided to modernise the entrance, making the front appear more art deco than art nouveau. Wakerley allowed the changes, as long as Winn restored the shop to its original appearance once the lease was done. Unfortunately, when Winn's family sold the Turkey Cafe to Brucciani Bakers Ltd in 1963, no restoration actually occurred. Under
4047-588: The rough outline, and he was able to interpret the spirit of the undertaking and continue from there, due to both his artistic sensibility and his training as an architect. He moved to London in 1890 and worked for Doulton and Co. where he was in charge of Doulton's architectural department for the design and production of mural ceramics. He spent eleven years with the company, and it was during this period that he designed his most famous work, Meat Hall at Harrods department store. "The most meaningful industrial designer, who turned his imagination and gift of discovery to
4118-485: The shapes and curves of the building's designs. The facade was constructed using tiles, hollow blocks, and a type of white architectural terracotta called carraraware. The Doultons actually developed carraraware in 1888, which is a matt-glazed stoneware . The carraware tiles of this frontage were handmade by William Neatby, a ceramic artist who worked for the Doultons. In addition to these features, art nouveau can be found in
4189-433: The text. The most prominent architect of the Modern Style was Charles Rennie Mackintosh. He was based in Glasgow and took inspiration from Scottish Baronial architecture fusing it with organic forms of plants and the simplicity of Japanese design. This unique blend gave birth to the modern and distinct style for which he is known. He considered Scottish Baronial to be the national style of Scotland, and in 1890 he delivered
4260-668: The work of William Morris and the Arts and Crafts movement which was founded by Morris and his followers. Through Morris, a formative and essential influence was the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood , which was championed and sometimes financially supported by John Ruskin . Ruskin's influence on the formation of Arts and Crafts and the Modern Style is hard to overstate. The Arts and Crafts movement called for better treatment of decorative arts, believed all objects should be made beautiful, and took inspiration from folklore, medieval craftsmanship and design, and nature. An early prototype
4331-612: Was "To be simple is the end, not the beginning, of design". He was admired on the Continent by figures like Victor Horta and Henry van de Velde . In 1900 the Journal of Decorative Art called him "fountainhead" and "the prophet" of Art Nouveau. Silver Studio, founded by Arthur Silver in 1880 and later inherited by his son Rex Silver, had its heyday roughly from 1890 to 1910 at the peak of Modern Style. The studio started with Japanese-inspired designs and established an important relationship with
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#17328583381194402-425: Was a botanist) but strongly rejected outright copying, instead arguing for a stylised approach: "If plants are employed as ornaments they must not be treated imitatively, but must be conventionally treated, or rendered into ornaments – a monkey can imitate, man can create." In contrast to those designs, he also made bold, bright coloured creations full of virility. In addition to Dressler, important designers working in
4473-681: Was a defining person in graphic design and drawing, and influenced painting and style in general. In textiles William Morris and C. F. A. Voysey are of huge importance, influencing them all to an extent, although most artists were versatile and worked in many mediums and fields. Because of the evolution of Arts and Crafts to Modern Style, lines can be blurred and many designers, artists, and craftspeople worked in both styles simultaneously. Important figures include Charles Robert Ashbee , Walter Crane , Léon-Victor Solon , George Skipper , Charles Harrison Townsend , Arthur Mackmurdo , William James Neatby . Art Nouveau had its origins in Britain, mainly in
4544-604: Was built in 1938, previously being called Municipal Buildings and Attenborough House until it was renamed City Hall in 2014. Council meetings are held at Leicester Town Hall on Town Hall Square, which was completed in 1876. Between 1975 and 2014 the council had its main offices at the New Walk Centre , which has since been demolished. Since the last boundary changes in 2015 the council has comprised 54 councillors representing 21 wards with each ward electing two or three councillors. Elections are held every four years, with
4615-410: Was implemented was to create a new non-metropolitan county of Leicester covering the same area as the existing district, but with no separate county council; instead the existing city council took on county functions, making it a unitary authority. This therefore had the effect of restoring the city council to the powers it had held when Leicester was a county borough prior to 1974. In 2011, following
4686-480: Was moderately successful as an architect but his significance was only fully understood after his death and he was brought to fame. One of his designs built posthumously is the House for an Art Lover . A recurring motif in his designs is what became known as the Mackintosh Rose or Glasgow Rose . Another important architect was George Skipper , who had a great impact on the city of Norwich . His stand out work
4757-442: Was popular at that time, which was the new trend of art nouveau. The building created a sense of stability by visually implying a pyramid structure. This was done by having seven arches on the ground floor and then decreasing the number of arches on each level. The pyramid is completed with a single turkey located at the top of the building. The building was coloured blue, green, and buff, which allowed any onlooker to fully appreciate
4828-400: Was provided by the leader of the council . The leaders from 1974 to 2011 were: Since 2011, the directly elected mayor has been: Following the 2023 election , and subsequent changes of allegiance up to July 2024, the composition of the council, excluding the City Mayor's seat, was: The next election is due in 2027. The council has its main offices at City Hall on Charles Street, which
4899-430: Was reflected in that by 1906 the number of designs sold to European manufacturers was 40%. Christopher Dresser was the most important ceramicist in England at the time. His interest in ceramics started in the 1860s and he worked for firms such as Linthorpe Art Pottery , Mintons , Wedgwood , Royal Worcester , Watcombe , Linthorpe, Old Hall at Hanley and Ault . He was inspired by nature (not surprising considering he
4970-517: Was the range name for pewterware made by W.H. Haseler of Birmingham. The chief designer was Archibald Knox , together with David Veazey , Oliver Baker , and Rex Silver . Liberty & Co began producing Tudric in 1901 and continued to the 1930s. Tudric pewter was differentiated from other pewters by its better quality, it having a higher content of silver. Pewter is traditionally known as "the poor man's silver". The Guild and School of Handicraft , established in 1888 by Charles Robert Ashbee , made
5041-411: Was time to shake it off. An important influence on painting, and one of the formative influences on the Modern Style in general was Pre-Raphaelitism , which affected the Arts and Crafts movement, Symbolism , Aestheticism and the Modern Style. Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Edward Burne-Jones were among the most important figures associated with Pre-Raphaelitism. The group known as "The Four" made
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