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62-414: Tunstall or Tunstal may refer to: Place names [ edit ] Australia [ edit ] Tunstall, former name of Tuncester, New South Wales Canada [ edit ] Tunstall, Saskatchewan United Kingdom [ edit ] Tunstall, East Riding of Yorkshire Tunstall, Kent Tunstall, Lancashire Tunstall, Norfolk , in

124-523: A Christian convention at Cubawee, in which hundreds of people participated. This became an annual event. In June 1950, Lismore police and public health officials, who supported Pastor Roberts, criticised the Aboriginal Protection Board for allowing the reserve to fall into neglect. The Northern Star reported that the approximately 120 inhabitants of the reserve lived in 13 broken down " hutments ", sometimes three families under one roof, on

186-553: A coastal promontory . The coastal campsites (of the Bundjalung Nation Aboriginal's ancestors), that were used before the sea stabilized, around 6,000 years ago (4000 BC), now lie beneath the sea. In Bundjalung National Park at an Aboriginal midden on the banks of the Evans River, is a Western Kurrajong tree that is estimated to be more than 360 years old. The Marriage Tree as it is called by Bundjalung Aboriginals,

248-604: A factory. A railway line once passed through Tuncester, but it fell into disuse. The station was situated between Leycester and Lismore, on the Casino –Lismore– Murwillumbah railway line Line, which opened in 1894 and was last used in 2004. Tuncester station opened on 19 October 1903 as Tunstall, and was renamed a few years later on 1 April 1907 as Tuncester. It was closed on 31 March 1976. After devastating floods in 2022 , many roads around Lismore have been rebuilt or improved. The Walsh Bridge on Rosehill Road at Tuncester, formerly

310-449: A pair of small islands, naming the two main peaks Julian Rocks after his nephew and niece, Juan and Julia. Lieutenant James Cook FRS RN, was the first European to record in his diary of seeing "… a remarkable sharp peaked Mountain lying inland…" from a point of land he named Cape Byron. Just five hours later while sailing North, Cook was forced to change course to the East after encountering

372-431: A point under which is a small Island. There situation may always be found by the peaked mountain before mentioned which bears SWBW from them this and on this account I have named Mount Warning it lies 7 or 8 Leagues inland in the latitude of 28°..22" S° the land is high and hilly about it but it is conspicuous enough to be distinguished from everything else. The point off which these shoals lay I have named Point Danger to

434-638: A specimen to London before Leycester, so he was given no credit for the discovery. Leycester married widow Jemima Sophia Pritchard in Sydney in 1871, and died in England in 1892. In 1886 the Campbell brothers were running around 2000 head on Tunstall Station, with the homestead on Leycester Creek . One of the brothers was John Campbell. His son Malcolm Lamont Campbell was born in 1875, and had to walk through scrub to get to school. Malcolm later bought another property in

496-513: A wooden bridge, has been rebuilt in concrete, to better withstand flooding. After white townspeople objected to their presence in the town, in 1931 the government moved the Aboriginal people from the camps in North Lismore to a new reserve at Tuncester, around 7 km (4.3 mi) away. The new residents renamed the reserve "Cubawee", meaning "place of full and plenty" (or "plentiful food" ) in

558-628: Is a violent death in consequence of a collision with white men, an Inquest or Inquiry is to be held in the same way as if the Deceased had been of European origin". Squatters Henry Clay and George Stapleton cut a path through the bush from Glen Innes down to Tabulam , there they purchased cattle and drove their cattle herds over the Richmond Range and settled on the Richmond River. To their 30,720-acre (124.3 km ) grazing run they claimed, they gave

620-611: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tuncester, New South Wales Tuncester lies on the traditional lands of the Bundjalung people , who inhabited the Richmond River area before European settlers arrived in the 1840s. It was named Tunstall after Tunstall Station, a pastoral lease taken up by amateur naturalist Augustus Adolphus Leycester and his business partner Robert Shaw in 1843, where they grazed cattle. In 1907 Tunstall

682-403: Is soft, fine-grained, and takes a good polish, but is not durable. The Black Bean or Moreton Bay Chestnut ( Castanospermum australe) has proved valuable to Europeans as a timber species, its seeds have been utilised – following extensive preparation as a food by Aborigines and it contains alkaloids which have been shown to have anti-HIV and anti-cancer properties. On 11 August 1841 Oliver Fry

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744-403: Is the birthplace of the 'TEA TREE INDUSTRY' and over a period of time world populations were introduced to this unique 'natural' antiseptic. Still to this day, modern science has failed to provide a safe effective medication for the treatment of topical infections and fungal diseases compared to ‘ Australian Native Tea Tree Oil '. Surveyor James Burnett named the new settlement at the mouth of

806-735: The Boyd River Region of Oxley Wild Rivers National Park , along the Old Glen Innes to Grafton Highway in North East NSW. It is said that the Clarence River Aboriginals in their primitive state were remarkably moral, and most rigid in the observance of their marriage and other laws. This initial establishment of European settlement and associated industries in this harsh environment was foreign to early European settlers. High rainfall and humid conditions, injuries and insect attack

868-571: The Bundjalung language . The land comprised around 5–6 acres (2.0–2.4 ha) of land with river access ( Leycester Creek ), carved out from land used by travelling stock , granted by the Pastures Protection Board under an arrangement with the Aborigines Protection Board . The official name was Tuncester Reserve. Tuncester Reserve, or Cubawee, was a self-managed Aboriginal settlement from 1932 until 1965, situated in

930-630: The pastoral lease over land which they called Tunstall, and created a cattle station . They had previously held a run called Maidenhead on the Severn River in New England , and herded their cattle overland to Tunstall via Woodenbong and Urbenville . The property was described in the New South Wales Government Gazette as covering an area of around 19,200 acres (7,800 ha), capable of grazing 1200 cattle. Its northern boundary

992-512: The 'Bundjalung Nation'. Certain deities and religious practices were specific to certain localities. Goanna Headland is also significant as the site where the ancestors of the Bundjalung people arrived by sea and populated the surrounding country. This event is related through the legend of " The Three Brothers (Bundjalung Nation) ". On 15 May 1770 the coast in the vicinity of Evans Head was first mapped and described by Lieutenant James Cook on

1054-407: The 18-acre (7.3 ha) reserve. They were forced to get their drinking water from a stream polluted by cattle, and there were fears that disease could break out. Men were working on nearby farms, of which many were owned by Italian immigrants, for a wage of 18 shillings a day, when the basic wage was at that time £1/7/6 (one pound, 7 shillings and sixpence ). Roberts criticised the board for giving

1116-571: The Bundjalung people for many miles around called the mountain ' Wulambiny Momoli ', and that it was an important sacred site, as their lives and religion were strongly linked to the land. Lieutenant James Cook FRS RN on the Endeavour recorded in his diary in the morning: "…We now saw the breakers [reefs] again within us which we past at the distance of 1 League, they lay in the Lat de of 38°..8' [later changed to 28°..8'] & stretch off East two Leagues from

1178-528: The Richmond River 'Deptford' (Now known as the town of Ballina). European History of Lismore begins in c.1843. The original sheep run in what is now the Lismore area was located on the north arm of the Richmond River, and the station covered 23,000 acres (93 km ), taken up by Captain Dumaresq around 1843. The sheep which were herded down from New England found the wetter sub-tropical climate not to their liking, and

1240-590: The Royal Navy Bark HMS ; Endeavour . This was during the First voyage of James Cook to what became known as New Zealand and Australia. Cook did not land. On the next day Cook saw and named Cape Byron and Mount Warning (known to the Bundjalung Nation as Wollumbin). He named Mount Warning after encountering nearby offshore reefs. Cook failed to notice the entrance to the Richmond River , but noted

1302-504: The Terrible), American professional wrestler and politician Other uses [ edit ] Tunstall coding , a computer encoding method that maps variable-length sequences of input symbols to constant-length code words Tunstall Healthcare , a healthcare company Tunstall Priory , a priory on Tunstall island near Redbourne Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

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1364-529: The area and their territory reached as far north as Toowoomba and included the modern-day towns of Tenterfield and Warwick. One of the annual rituals of the Bundjalung people was the movement to the coast during the winter months when the mullet were plentiful. The inland peoples from around Casino brought black bean seeds with them to trade for the fish. The seeds are poisonous, but become edible when carefully prepared by pounding into flour, leaching with water, and roasting. The timber, which somewhat resembles walnut,

1426-507: The area in 1964, but the people later continued to try to get their land back. People later recalled having had happy times living in Cubawee, despite the very basic conditions and houses with dirt floors . Frank Roberts Snr went on to serve on the Anglican Board of Missions from 1968 until 1974, and advocated for the rights of Aboriginal people at a meeting in Sydney in 1970. In 2010,

1488-468: The cedar-getter to build a hut and cut cedar on unsettled land. Word rapidly spread about the wonderful red cedar timber which made small fortunes for the men of the Richmond River. Aboriginal ancestors of the people who make up the Bundjalung Nation first arrived on the North Coast of NSW thousands of years ago. The minimum time by which this migration had taken place is confirmed at 12,000 years ago, with

1550-502: The dangerous reefs that run 3 miles (4.8 km) to the East from Fingal Head , now named Danger Reefs (comprising Inner, South, and Outer reefs). Mount Warning (Wulambiny Momoli) was named by Lieutenant James Cook FRS RN as a warning to other seafarers, of the numerous treacherous reefs along the New South Wales north coast, after seeing the mountain from the sea while sailing past. Lieutenant James Cook FRS RN, did not know that

1612-759: The east the Tasman Sea (Pacific Ocean); to the south Gumbaynggirr (also known as Kumbainggar) Nation; and to the west it borders Ngarabal Nation. The languages of the Bundjalung people are dialects of the Lower-Richmond branch of the Yugambeh- Bundjalung language family. The names of the 15 tribal groups comprising the Bundjalung Nation are Arakwal , Banbai, Birbai, Galiabal, Gidabal, Gumbainggeri, Jigara, Jugambal, Jugumbir (Yugembeh), Jungai, Minjungbal, Ngacu, Ngamba, Nyangbal and Widjabal/Wiyabal . In pre-colonial times, Bundjalung Nation encompassed some of

1674-465: The frigate HMS  Rainbow dropped anchor at Byron Bay. His mission was to discover a navigable river and safe anchorage site. On 26 August 1828 Captain Rous discovered the entrance to the Richmond River (the longest navigable river on the coast of New South Wales) and explored 32 kilometers (20 mi) upstream with two lieutenants in a pinnace , as far as Tuckean Swamp. Captain Rous subsequently named

1736-438: The help of Aboriginal man Davy, claimed to have retrieved the first egg of a rare type of lyrebird , Menura alberti . He had previously (in 1844) shot one of the birds, but did not realise that it was a new species at that point. He also wrote a detailed description of Menura alberti and its habits, which was later reproduced by an English scientist in a book of birds. However, ornithologist John Gould somehow managed to get

1798-501: The land "at the centre of the world" when a massive catastrophe destroyed it. There are also mobs in Perth region that hold a spiritual belief they are descendants of 'star people' or people from stars & solar system. Bundjalung Nation Aboriginal people have lived on and visited Goanna Headland for at least 12,000 years. The Aboriginal tribes were not united anytime before the 18th century, with more than 20 main groups, known collectively as

1860-533: The land of the Bundjalung people . The residents experienced a lot of racism from the townspeople, including having to stand up on the school bus. Aboriginal people who did not want to be governed by white managers on stations and reserves found their way to Cubawee, and Pastor Frank Roberts later recruited some of these people to the Aborigines Progressive Association . Cubawee School was in existence in 1932. The first wedding took place in

1922-701: The land was returned to the Ngulingah Aboriginal Land Council (a LALC ). On 7 May 2010, Cubawee was pronounced an Aboriginal Place under the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 . Tuncester is about 5 km (3.1 mi) from the edge of the town of Lismore, separated from it by large paddocks . Lismore South Public School serves South Lismore , Tuncester, and several surrounding localities. Bundjalung people The Bundjalung people, also spelled Bunjalung, Badjalang and Bandjalang, are Aboriginal Australians who are

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1984-449: The location as "Tuncester (Tunstall)". Tunstall Public School was renamed Tuncester School. In 1907 it catered for 36 students, but there were many complaints that it was too hot for the children owing to poor ventilation. The Government of New South Wales created Aboriginal reserves and in 1908, and some of the people in camps were moved to Dunoon Aboriginal Reserve at Modanville , where they were able to live independently. After

2046-633: The location known as Tunstall, and died in 1936. Another of the founding settler families in the location were the Bibo family. In 1873, Anton and Rosina Bibo and their three children arrived in Australia on the SS Great Britain , and settled in Tunstall (Tuncester), where they planted vineyards and made wine. The name change to Tuncester was announced by the deputy postmaster-general on 4 February 1907, with

2108-477: The losses caused by fluke, foot rot and other diseases led to the abandonment of the run. In January 1845, William and Jane Wilson took over the run, and named it Lismore, after a small island in a loch in the Scottish Highlands. They built a house at the far northern corner of the run within twelve months of arrival, and a second house by 1851 near the corner of the present Ballina and Molesworth Streets, which

2170-621: The mouth of the Richmond river as he sailed along the coast from Sydney Town to Moreton Bay. Captain Henry John Rous on the frigate HMS Rainbow discovers the entrance to the Richmond River (the longest navigable river on the coast of NSW) and explores 32  kilometres up the river with two lieutenants in a Pinnace , as far as Tuckean Swamp. Captain Henry John Rous subsequently named the river Richmond after his brother's best friend, Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond . "where there

2232-608: The name " Cassino " (Now known as the town of Casino ) which was named after the beautiful town of Monte Cassino in Italy. Prior to European settlement the Casino district was part of the lands inhabited by the Bundjalung Aborigines. It is unclear how many of the group lived around Casino although one report, dating from 1840, talks about a gathering of a 'mob of wild blacks numbering five hundred or upwards'. The Bundjalung spread across

2294-540: The neighbourhood of so remarkable an object as a ship must necessarily be to people who have never seen one.' This would seem to indicate that HMS Endeavour was not the first ship that they had seen (Richmond River Historical Society {RRHS}, 1997). Lieutenant James Cook FRS RN on the Endeavour names Cape Byron , in honour of Vice-Admiral The Hon. John 'Foulweather Jack' Byron RN (8 November 1723 – 10 April 1786), another British navigator, and grandfather of Lord Byron (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824). Cook also noted

2356-513: The new church at Cubawee in July 1935, when Grace Roberts married Clem Ritchie. From 1937 (or earlier? it was run by Frank Roberts (1899–1968), who had become an evangelical Christian under the United Aborigines Mission before moving from Cabbage Tree Island to Cubawee. Frank Snr's son, Frank Roberts Jnr, was also a pastor, and his daughter is Rhoda Roberts . In March 1939 it

2418-588: The north of the Clarence river. Red cedar getters, as obsessed by 'red gold' as those who later suffered 'gold fever', brooked no interference in their quest for the magnificent old trees. To legally cut red cedar, cutters were required to obtain a cedar cutter's license from Grafton (& later Casino ), issued by Commissioner Oliver Fry for the North Creek and Emigrant Creek scrubs in 1851, for 6 pounds. The license did not provide ownership to land, but did allow

2480-465: The northward of it the land which is low trends NWBN but we soon found that it did not keep that direction long before it turned again to the northward." Captain Henry John Rous , also known as Admiral Henry John Rous (23 January 1795 – 19 June 1877), on the frigate HMS  Rainbow dropped anchor at Byron Bay . His mission was to discover a navigable river and safe anchorage site. Rous identified

2542-491: The original custodians of a region from around Grafton in northern coastal New South Wales to Beaudesert in south-east Queensland . The region is located approximately 550 kilometres (340 mi) northeast of Sydney and 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Brisbane that now includes the Bundjalung National Park . In the north, Bundjalung Nation shares a border with Yuggera Nation and Barrunggam Nation; to

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2604-1576: The parish of Halvergate Tunstall, North Yorkshire Tunstall, Stafford , near to Eccleshall Tunstall, Staffordshire , one of the six towns of Stoke-on-Trent Tunstall, Suffolk Tunstall, Sunderland Tunstall, Devon, near Dartmouth, see Townstal United States [ edit ] Tunstall, Virginia People [ edit ] Arthur Tunstall (born 1922), Australian and international sport administrator Cuthbert Tunstall (1474–1559), English bishop and scholar Dori Tunstall (born 1972), American anthropologist Fred Tunstall (1897–1971), English footballer (Sheffield United, England national team) John Tunstall (usher) , 17th-century English courtier John Tunstall (1853–1878), New Mexico (USA) rancher of Lincoln County War fame Kate Tunstall , British scholar of French literature and interim Provost at Worcester College, Oxford KT Tunstall (Kate Victoria Tunstall, born 1975), Scottish singer-songwriter Loraine Bedsole Bush Tunstall (1879-1953), American child welfare advocate Marmaduke Tunstall (1743–1790), English ornithologist Martha Goodwin Tunstall (1838-1911), American Unionist, abolitionist and suffragist Pete Tunstall (1918-2013), English pilot and World War II German prisoner Thomas Tunstall (died 1616), English Roman Catholic priest William Tunstall , footballer Whitmell P. Tunstall (1810–1854), Virginia (USA) politician Tunstall Quarles (1781–1856), United States lawyer and politician Douglas Allen Tunstall Jr. (born 1967) (Tiny

2666-443: The people on the reserve the minimum assistance, and not providing sufficiently for the education of children. In 1955, Roberts wrote to The Northern Star to protest a planned proposal of Cubawee residents to Modanville. In his letter, he stated that the current residents were former residents of North Lismore and Wyrallah , not Modanville. Their original campsite was now the location of a sawmill. His grandfather, John Bob Roberts,

2728-437: The presence of about 20 Bundjalung Nation Aboriginal people on what is now Seven Mile Beach , just to the south of Broken Head. Sir Joseph Banks also noted these people and remarked that they completely ignored the presence of HMS Endeavour . This would seem to indicate that HMS Endeavour was not the first ship that they had seen (Richmond River Historical Society {RRHS}, 1997). On 20 August 1828 Captain Henry John Rous on

2790-439: The presence of about 20 Bundjalung Nation Arakwal Aboriginal people on what is now known as 'Seven Mile Beach', north of Lennox Head and just to the south of Broken Head. Sir Joseph Banks also noted the same 20 Bundjalung Nation Arakwal Aboriginal people as Lieutenant James Cook FRS RN, and he noted that: '... not one was once observed to stop and look toward the ship; they pursued their way in all appearance entirely unmoved by

2852-539: The railway station and the post office taking on the new names soon afterwards. The Winsome Hotel is mentioned as being in existence at this time, with talk of a blacksmith and a store. It was reported that the Hon. Thomas Thomson Ewing had said that the name was derived by combining Tunstall and Leycester, both of which were already in use in the Commonwealth. The Northern Star regretted that it could not be called Leycester

2914-470: The reserve was converted into an agricultural station run by white people in the 1920s, many residents began returning to the town camps, and Dunoon closed in 1929. In 1973, the "Tuncester School for Specific Purposes" was established in 1973 for children with special needs . It was closed in 1979. A Tooth's brewery was built in Tuncester around 1979. It closed around 1987 and was later converted into

2976-772: The richest hunting and fishing grounds anywhere on the Australian continent. According to the oral traditions of the Bundjalung People, these areas were first settled by the Three Brothers and their descendants. To the best of knowledge the Bundjalung Nation Aboriginal people from the East Coast of Australia, the Far North Coast of New South Wales and South East Queensland area, are the only ones whose dream time stories talk about arriving in Australia from elsewhere. They came from

3038-401: The river Richmond after his brother's best friend, Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond . The beginning of European settlement into the Richmond River area was the result of early explorations into the region by red cedar cutters and farmers, who arrived in approximately 1842, after hearing stories from 'stray natives' of the great Wudgie-Wudgie (Red Cedar) in the Richmond river area to

3100-469: The title Tunstall . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tunstall&oldid=1246125270 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description

3162-514: The upper bound (or earliest period) remaining a matter of some unresolved contention. This Bundjalung historical event, is verbally told by Aborigines, in their culture in the dreamtime legend of "The Three Brothers (Bundjalung Nation)." As the ice caps melted at the end of the Pleistocene Epoch about 12,000 years ago (10,000 BC), sea levels rose and covered a strip of land off the east coast of Australia, leaving high relief terrain exposed as

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3224-549: Was Duck Creek (now Leycester Creek ), and it was surrounded by other stations. There was a boundary dispute in 1847 with neighbour Alfred Ward Stephens, who lived on a property called Runnymede, with both men claiming "a large, fertile plain" between the two. Shaw left, and Leycester eventually sold the property to Henry Garrard in 1849. Leycester remained as manager of Tunstall until 1850, before heading to California . He returned to New South Wales at some point, and in April 1859, with

3286-512: Was a gift from the Wahlubal tribe at Tabulam, when a wedding took place at Gummigurrah between a man and a woman. Gummigurrah was the winter campsite for Bundjalung people. The midden site is close to a camping ground. The coast in the vicinity of Evans Head was first mapped and described by Lieutenant James Cook FRS RN of the United Kingdom on HMS Endeavour. Lieutenant James Cook FRS RN noted

3348-479: Was a major health hazard causing serious infection that may result in death. Supplies of mild European antiseptics were scarce and had limited effect on serious infections and fungal diseases. The indigenous native Bundjalung Nation Aboriginals of eastern Australia exposed to the same harsh conditions with little or no protection were observed crushing tea tree leaf and binding it over wounds and infections with paper bark strapping. The results were staggering, infection

3410-604: Was appointed the first commissioner of Crown Lands for the Clarence Squatting District, incorporating the Clarence, Richmond and Tweed Valleys. It was his decision not to officially record Aboriginal culture of the region. Fry was instructed to 'gain confidence and goodwill' of the Bundjalung Nation Aboriginals in the 'pursuit of civilised life', and he was involved in at least one known massacre of Dangaddi or Gumbainggari aboriginal people in 1845, in

3472-576: Was believed by Native Mounted Police that some Aborigines from north of the Tweed River had murdered some Europeans and that the murderers had fled south towards the Richmond River . On the night prior to the raid, the Mounted Police stayed at James Ainsworth's father's Public House, 'The Sailor's Home'. That is, the European troopers stayed in the hotel while the native Aboriginal trackers stayed outside

3534-684: Was chief of the local Bundjalung tribe, and his father, Lyle Roberts, had never lived in Modanville. He also wrote that the recent grant of an additional three acres was not given by the Welfare Board, but through the residents appealing to the Minister for Lands, and mentions a railway siding at the reserve. Two families were prominent at Cubawee: the Torrens and Roberts families. The residents at Cubawee were eventually forced from their homes owing to flooding of

3596-488: Was controlled and wounds healed rapidly. Botanists soon identified this unique medicinal tree and created the botanical species Melaleuca alternifolia . In addition, the indigenous native Bundjalung Nation Aboriginal people used " tea trees " as a traditional medicine by inhaling the oils from the crushed leaves to treat coughs and colds. Furthermore, tea tree leaves are soaked to make an infusion to treat sore throats or skin ailments. Historically ‘ Bungawalbyn Valley Basin'

3658-512: Was known as Lismore House. Unfortunately, neither house survives. The Wilsons, however, were commemorated in 1976 by the renaming of the north arm of the Richmond River as Wilson River. The village of Coraki was founded by William Yabsley . In 1853–4, at an area close to the present day East Ballina Golf Course, the Native Police slaughtered at least 30 – 40 Bundjalung Nation Nyangbal Aboriginal men, women and children while they slept. It

3720-496: Was not available, as it would have perpetuated the name of A. A. Leycester, a "fine type of colonist". The newspaper said that it would otherwise have preferred to adopt the Aboriginal name of a nearby location. The Tuncester Progress Association (formerly Tunstall Progress Association) was in existence by 1907, and celebrated the third anniversary of the Tuncester Methodist Church. In 1909 the mail service referred to

3782-433: Was officially renamed Tuncester, a combination of Tunstall and Leycester. Leycester Creek runs through Tuncester. European settlement reached the Richmond River area in the 1840s, and from the 1860s, they cleared and fenced lands surrounding the town that the settlers created, and Aboriginal people in the area were forced to live in camps on the edge of town. In 1843 Augustus Adolphus Leycester and Robert Shaw took up

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3844-528: Was reported that George Gollan , then Chief Secretary of New South Wales , wanted to close down the reserve owing to "rampant vice". He said that a new Aborigines Protection Board would soon be reconstituted under special legislation to be introduced into parliament, as there was no manager in charge of the reserve. In November 1939, the Aborigines Protection Board announced that it would not be building more homes at Tuncester Reserve owing to shortage of funds. In 1940 Pastor Roberts and his eldest son organised

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