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53-524: Tsing Yi South Bridge , opened as the Tsing Yi Bridge on 28 February 1974, was the first bridge to Tsing Yi , Hong Kong. It spans the Rambler Channel , linking Tsing Yi Island to the former Pillar Island , Kwai Chung . The bridge spans 610 metres (about 2,000 feet) and is 26 metres (85 feet) high. It contributed significantly to the development of Tsing Yi, particularly in the 1970s and 1980s. It

106-457: A few hundred metres away from the ferry pier. It no longer takes residents to Tsuen Wan and Central . The pier is now open to the public, and continues to be used as a drop-off point for fishermen and tourists, and as a mooring site for government boats. In the early days, education on the Tsing Yi Island was mostly private. The first public school on the island is Tsing Yi Public School ,

159-482: A joint venture of six Hong Kong companies on the island, namely, China Light and Power , Hongkong Cement , International Containers , Mobil Oil , Gulf Oil , and Standard Oil . In 1970, they budgeted HK$ 18 million to build the bridge, while the Hong Kong Government contributed $ 7.5 million to the road connections. The government granted a licence for construction of the bridge on 18 May 1971. The contractor

212-609: A permit issued by the Commissioner of Transport were allowed to use the bridge. Private cars were allowed free access to the bridge from 1 May 1976. Until the 1987 opening of the Tsing Yi North Bridge , Tsing Yi Bridge was the only fixed link to mainland Hong Kong. It became notorious for traffic congestion, and when the Kwai Chung Port would close for typhoons the bridge would sometimes become blocked by lorries waiting for

265-434: A primary school founded by villagers and businessmen on the island. In the post-World War II era, Hong Kong Government provides 9-year free education to all children from primary one to secondary three. The public school is then mainly funded by the government. Another school for the children of fishermen, Tsing Yi Fishermen's Children's Primary School, was founded by Fish Marketing Organisation . In 1977, Cheung Ching Estate,

318-404: Is an example of how bottlenecks can be induced by psychological factors; for example, vehicles safely pulled to the shoulder by a police car often result in passing drivers to slow down to "get a better look" at the situation. Traffic flow theory can be used to model and represent bottlenecks. Consider a stretch of highway with two lanes in one direction. Suppose that the fundamental diagram

371-403: Is designed to withstand typhoons , strong waves and accidental collisions by ships . Ships operating in nearby water and passing through have collided with the bridge several times, and caused minor damage to the bridge. Protection islands are built on the channel to avoid further accidents. Warning signs have been erected reminding that only ships under 17 metres are allowed to sail through

424-410: Is modeled as shown here. The highway has a peak capacity of Q vehicles per hour, corresponding to a density of k c  vehicles per mile. The highway normally becomes jammed at k j vehicles per mile. Before capacity is reached, traffic may flow at A  vehicles per hour, or a higher B  vehicles per hour. In either case, the speed of vehicles is v f (or "free flow"), because

477-409: Is represented with a dotted arrow line. The diagram can readily represent vehicular delay and queue length. It is a simple matter of taking horizontal and vertical measurements within the region of state  D . For this example, consider three lanes of traffic in one direction. Assume that a truck starts traveling at speed  v , more slowly than at the free-flow speed  v f . As shown on

530-444: Is slower than speed  v f . But once drivers have navigated around the truck, they can again speed up and transition to downstream state  D . While this state travels at free flow, the vehicle density is less because fewer vehicles get around the bottleneck. [REDACTED] Suppose that, at time  t , the truck slows from the free-flow rate to v . A queue builds behind the truck, represented by state  U . Within

583-502: Is the only bridge across the channel which may be used by cycles (the other bridges are either expressways or have signs prohibiting them) and so is the only route connecting Tsing Yi and the Tsuen Wan/Kwai Chung area for cyclists. The name "Tsing Yi South Bridge" was adopted following the 1987 opening of the second bridge to Tsing Yi, the Tsing Yi North Bridge . The bridge was built by Tsing Yi Bridge Company Limited ( 青衣大橋有限公司 ),

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636-674: The Kwai Tsing District in the New Territories . Although Tsing Yi Island is a de facto outlying island, it is not accordingly included in the Islands District . Historically, Tsing Yi Island, with Kwai Chung, were usually in the same administration unit as Tsuen Wan because of their proximity and close-knit neighbourhood. Unlike Kwai Chung, however, whose villages are part of Tsuen Wan Rural Committee , Tsing Yi Island has its own, Tsing Yi Rural Committee . The rural committee

689-577: The Tsing Yi Island . Other road bridges spanning the Rambler Channel: Tsing Yi Tsing Yi ( Chinese : 青衣 ), sometimes referred to as Tsing Yi Island , is an island in the New Territories of Hong Kong , to the northwest of Hong Kong Island and south of Tsuen Wan . With an area of 10.69 km (4.13 sq mi), the island has been extended drastically by reclamation along almost all its natural shore and

742-402: The fundamental diagram below, speed  q u represents the reduced capacity (two-thirds of Q , i.e., 2 out of 3 lanes available) around the truck. State  A represents normal approaching traffic flow, again at speed  v f . State  U , with flowrate  q u , corresponds to the queuing upstream of the truck. On the fundamental diagram, vehicle speed  v u

795-401: The seabed . The arms are made of pre-tensioned concrete . Their cross section is of hollow boxes . There are some power cables and two oil pipes inside the boxes. Both sides of hollow boxes have water pipes for the Tsing Yi Island. On the bridge, 7 metres (24 feet) width is provided for vehicles with a 1.5 metre (5 foot) wide pedestrian walkway on each side. The bridge

848-414: The waterfront near Greenfield Garden . Hovercraft service between Tsuen Wan, Tsing Yi and Central was provided by the former Hongkong and Yaumati Ferry . After the franchise of the company came to an end, Hong Kong and Kowloon Ferry took over the route and operated it. All ferry services ceased with rapid development of road and rail transport, especially MTR Tung Chung line with its station just

901-459: The 2001 Census calculating that the population of the island was 193,432 in 55,478 households . In an estimation in 2007, there are about 200,400 people. It is expected to grow to 203,300 in the near future. Most of the population live in Tsing Yi Town . Tsing Yi Island is a hilly island with Tsing Yi Peak in the south and Liu To Shan in the north east. Small plain can be found surrounding

954-498: The Hong Kong government commenced an extensive new town project on the island. Cheung Ching Estate , Cheung Hong Estate and Mayfair Gardens were consequently built in heaps. The vicinity of the Mobil oil storage depot to Mayfair Garden and Cheung Ching Estate once aroused enormous concern for the safety of the residents. Some social workers and residents urged the government to relocate

1007-586: The Tsing Yi end to spare space for building the Tsing Yi Doubling Bridge. Tsing Yi Bridge is connected to Tsing Yi Road and Tsing Yi Heung Sze Wui Road on Tsing Yi Island, and Kwai Tsing Road and Tsing Kwai Highway in Kwai Chung. Tsing Yi Bridge is formed by 5 levers , identical pairs of arms supported by stands, 18 metres (60 feet) above the water, in the middle, with round-shaped caissons on

1060-404: The annexation of Nga Ying Chau ( 牙鷹洲 ) and Chau Tsai . Three major bays or harbours, Tsing Yi Lagoon , Mun Tsai Tong , and Tsing Yi Bay ( 青衣灣 ) in the northeast, have been completely reclaimed for new towns . The island is generally zoned into four quarters : the northeast quarter is a residential area , the southeast quarter is Tsing Yi Town , the southwest holds heavy industry , and

1113-423: The channel. Ships are prohibited from staying or operating near the bridge. Tsing Yi Bridge once was the sole connection of the Tsing Yi island to the rest of Hong Kong. As residential population grew, the bridge loading was exceeded. The two lanes become a traffic bottleneck and serious traffic congestion ensued. Heavy overloading, with dramatic increases in heavy vehicle traffic, made the bridge age quickly and

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1166-572: The congestion, as well as to accommodate the local residential population boom. Tsing Yi was continually under further development and Greenfield Garden , Serene Garden , Broadview Garden , and Cheung Hang Estate were constructed. The final decision to relocate Hong Kong International Airport spurred a new series of development: Airport Railway , Ting Kau Bridge to Ting Kau and North New Territories , Tsing Ma Bridge to Ma Wan and Lantau Island , Rambler Channel Bridge to Kowloon and Hong Kong Island , Duplicate Tsing Yi South Bridge on

1219-465: The earliest known industry on the island. The lime industry continued to flourish during the 1950s, and a tanning factory was also founded at the same period. After World War II , other heavy industries moved in as well. In the 1960s, several oil companies moved their oil storage depots onto the island and a Green Island Cement cement plant. CLP later commissioned its 1520 MW oil-fired Tsing Yi Power Station in 1969 at Nam Wan due to its proximity to

1272-412: The east of Tsing Yi Island, facing the marvellous view of Rambler Channel and the container terminals. They are: Tsing Yi Island is a transportation hub in Hong Kong. Eight bridges connect to the island. Within the island: Tsing Yi station , at the northeastern part of Tsing Yi Island, in Tsing Yi Town , is served by MTR Tung Chung line and Airport Express . It is also the only rail station on

1325-411: The first public housing estates on the island, marked the beginning of the new town on the island. To accommodate new schooling children, three primary schools and Buddhist Yip Kei Nam Memorial College , the first secondary school on the island, were built with the estate. More schools were erected when new estates were completed. In 1999, a post-secondary college, Hong Kong Technical College (Tsing Yi) ,

1378-434: The former Tsing Yi Lagoon in island northeast. The rocks on the island are mainly granite and were exposed due to extensive housing, industrial and infrastructure construction. Although the island is not fallen in the administration of country park , most of the hilly area remains green. The Tsing Yi Peak climbs to 334 m (1,096 ft)and is a barrier separating industrial west and residential east. The hilly area of

1431-425: The fundamental diagram. Downstream of the bottleneck, vehicles transition to state  D' , where they again travel at free-flow speed  v f . Once vehicles arrive at rate  A starting at time  t 1 , the queue will begin to clear and eventually dissipate. State  A has a flowrate below the one-lane capacity of states  D and D' . On the time-space diagram, a sample vehicle trajectory

1484-484: The gap edge bent downward. Though later Tsing Yi North Bridge was built thus alleviating the congestion a bit, and the bridge was closed once in 1989 (after the opening of the North bridge) for renovation, the safety of the bridge was still a major concern. Finally, a rescue plan was implemented. A new bridge, Duplicate Tsing Yi Bridge , was built alongside to at first to replace Tsing Yi Bridge temporarily while Tsing Yi Bridge

1537-413: The island after the fish. Tsing Yi Tam ( 青衣潭 , Tsing Yi Deep Pool) or Tsing Yi Tam Shan ( 青衣潭山 , Tsing Yi Deep Pool Hill) also appeared on some early Chinese maps. The island was also known as Chun Fa Lok ( 春花落 ) once upon a time, which means the fall of spring flowers , or Chun Fa Island , on some Western maps. Now, Chun Fa Lok is still a place name or a former village on the southeast corner of

1590-470: The island for more than ten years. Several industrial buildings for light industries were constructed beside the bridge afterward. Several dockyards moved to the west shore of the island at the end of the 1970s. During the 1950s, Wok Tai Wan on Tsing Yi Island was a paradise for nudists , and hence Tsing Yi was once synonymous with nudism in Hong Kong. After the establishment of the Tsing Yi Bridge,

1643-487: The island in Tsing Yi Town . The first one is Tsing Yi Cheung Hong Clinic in Cheung Hong Estate and another is Tsing Yi Town Clinic near Tsing Yi Garden. There is also one maternal and child health centre , Tsing Yi Maternal and Child Health Centre , on the island. It is just next to Tsing Yi Cheung Hong Clinic . There is at least one private clinic in each housing estate. In town planning, Tsing Yi Hospital

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1696-480: The island largely remains intact and is designated as a green belt . In 1997 a once lost endemic plant, Hong Kong croton , was found in the woodland beneath the highest peak, Tsing Yi Peak , on the island. In the early days, the inhabitants on the island were mostly farmers and fishermen. The major population concentrated in the northeast portion of the island. Farmers grew rice , vegetables and pineapples , while fishermen lived in huts connected by plank walkways in

1749-419: The island. Tsing Yi is served by an extensive bus network, with routes terminating at different parts of Hong Kong. There are 9 bus termini on the island: Before the completion of Tsing Yi Bridge, ferry was the only public transport to mainland Hong Kong. Tsing Yi Pier was built near Tsing Yi Town before the reclamation. The pier followed the change of shoreline owing after reclamation, and moved to

1802-480: The island. A government document in the Ming Dynasty named the water near Chun Fa Lok, Chun Fa Yeung ( 春花洋 ), which is the ocean of spring flowers . The Ming navy once defeated pirate fleets there. In some historical sources, Tsing-I Island is used instead of Tsing Yi Island , and Chung-Hue Island instead of Chun Fa Island . Tsing Yi Town , together with Kwai Chung Town, is part of Tsuen Wan New Town in

1855-426: The lighter flowrate  A . Before the first vehicles reach location  x 0 , the traffic flow is unimpeded. However, downstream of x 0 , the roadway narrows, reducing the capacity by half—and to below that of state  B . Due to this, vehicles will begin queuing upstream of x 0 . This is represented by high-density state  D . The vehicle speed in this state is the slower v d , as taken from

1908-494: The most vulnerable points in a network and are very often the subject of offensive or defensive military actions. Capacity bottlenecks of strategic importance - such as the Panama Canal where traffic is limited by the infrastructure - are normally referred to as choke points ; capacity bottlenecks of tactical value are referred to as mobility corridors . Traffic bottlenecks are caused by a wide variety of things: Rubbernecking

1961-542: The northwest includes a recreation trail, a transportation interchange and some dockyards and ship building industry. The island is in the northwest of Victoria Harbour and part of its coastline is subject to the Protection of the Harbour Ordinance . Tsing Yi ( 青衣 ) literally means "green/ blue/ black clothes", but is also a kind of fish, most likely blackspot tuskfish , once abundant in nearby waters. People named

2014-401: The oil tank farms. Meanwhile, some small shipbuilding companies opened on Tsing Yi, and remain on the north side of the island. In the 1970s, six large-scale companies on the island collectively built the Tsing Yi Bridge to connect Tsing Yi Town and Kwai Chung Town over the Rambler Channel . The bridge was soon transferred to the Hong Kong Government , remaining the sole road connection to

2067-533: The port to reopen. Residents became accustomed to having to walk across the bridge when such incidents occurred. There are two lanes on the bridge. Before the rebuilding, the bridge was two-way; afterwards, two lanes are outward bound, and the Duplicate Tsing Yi Bridge serves inward traffic. A stone was erected on the Pillar Island end of the bridge in memory of the completion. The stone was moved to

2120-536: The roadway is under capacity. Now, suppose that at a certain location  x 0 , the highway narrows to one lane. The maximum capacity is now limited to D ’, or half of Q , since only one lane of the two is available. State  D shares the same flow rate as state  D' , but its vehicular density is higher. Using a time-space diagram, we may model the bottleneck event. Suppose that at time  t 0 , traffic begins to flow at rate  B and speed  v f . After time  t 1 , vehicles arrive at

2173-547: The sea. A Tin Hau Temple was built on the shore of Tsing Yi Tong. At the birthday of Tin Hau, fishermen of all nearby waters would come to the Temple for celebrations. The temple was white in color and thus people call it Pak Miu ( 白廟 , lit.   ' White Temple ' ). From the 1920s onwards, a Chinese company built lime factories on the present site of Greenfield Garden . It is

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2226-640: The shopping focus of the island. Tsing Yi is home to Hong Kong United Dockyard , located on the west side since 1980. People practise tai chi in Tsing Yi Promenade near Maritime Square in Tsing Yi Town in the early morning hours. Some gather and practise dancing in the playground near Tsing Yung House of Cheung Ching Estate . 22°20′44″N 114°06′00″E  /  22.34556°N 114.10000°E  / 22.34556; 114.10000 Bottleneck (traffic) Bottlenecks can also occur in other methods of transportation. Capacity bottlenecks are

2279-409: The small harbour of Tsing Yi Tong which stretched far back into the island. Many fishermen also lived on their junks and boats all the time, fishing in the nearby waters. Even as late as the 1970s, Tsing Yi Tong resembled Tai O with its characteristic stilt houses and water vehicles. Like many other fishing villages in Hong Kong, the Tsing Yi dwellers worshipped Tin Hau , the goddess of mercy and

2332-499: The south side of Tsing Yi Bridge. On the island, new residential projects, Tivoli Garden , Grand Horizon, Mount Haven, Villa Esplanada , Tierra Verde , and Cheung Wang Estate were completed. The final part of reclaimed land near the shore had been laid waste for almost a decade until Tsing Yi Promenade was built in 2004. Local Hong Kong cultural pursuits of Chinese music and dancing, walking and Chinese exercise are in evidence in most evenings. From 2000 to 2004, Container Terminal 9

2385-494: The storage facilities. The government decided to halt the last phase of the Mayfair Garden development scheme. The storage facility remained at the same location until Container Terminal 9 was on the government's agenda. Later on, the tenor of town development shifted northward. Two fisherman harbours, Tsing Yi Tong and Mun Tsai Tong were reclaimed for residential use. Many fishermen were relocated from their boats parked in

2438-503: The typhoon shelter to the Ching Tao House, a new residential block on land, of Chueng Ching Estate. The land inhabitants were put together into several designated areas so as to re-build their villages. The primary sectors had all died out owing to the drastic town development. Tsing Yi Estate , Cheung On Estate , Cheung Fat Estate , Ching Tai Court and Tsing Yi Garden were built after all reclamations were accomplished. Ching Wah Court

2491-506: Was Gammon Construction and the engineers were W.V. Zinn and Associates. Completed in February 1974, the bridge finally cost HK$ 21 million. It was opened on 28 February 1974 by Sir Murray MacLehose , the Governor of Hong Kong . Upon completion, the bridge was given to Hong Kong Government and the government built roads to link up various areas on the island. Originally, only vehicles displaying

2544-416: Was built adjoining to Cheung Hong Estate. At the same time, Tsing Yi Bridge was seriously overburdened and its structure was unable to cope with increasing traffic. There was only a one-way road in each direction on the bridge. Traffic congestion became the burning problem in the community, and subsequently fueled protest. Finally, Tsing Yi North Bridge , a connection to Tsuen Wan town was built to ease off

2597-544: Was built on the reclaimed southwest shore of the island, together with resident blocks, Rambler Crest . Nearby, and well within sight of Central. Victoria , a controversial new dioxin burning plant was also put into operation during 2004, arousing much concern for the residents of Tsing Yi and Hong Kong island. Since 2018, Tsing Yi hosts its very own local craft beer brewery - H.K. Lovecraft, making craft lager instead of craft ale. There are three hotels in Tsing Yi Town, at

2650-400: Was closed for fixing in 2000. Some tensioned steel cables replaced the aging cables inside the bridge to straighten out the bent parts. After the project completed, the Tsing Yi Bridge, together with its 'new' brother, served the island again. On the 10th birthday of the bridge, a carnival was held on the football field, near Chan Lai So Chun Memorial School , of Cheung Ching Estate on

2703-600: Was completed and provides vocational training for all adults in Hong Kong. In the 2000s, the number of schooling children began to drop and the several schools are facing the fatal fate. All of Tsing Yi is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 66. Within the school net are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money); no government schools are in this net. Numerous schools are founded on Tsing Yi Island, namely: The Department of Health operates two general out-patient clinics on

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2756-514: Was politically significant until the establishment of a District Council and Regional Council (now-abolished), and even less significant since the urban population grew much larger than the rural population. There were about 4,000 people on the island when the British took the New Territories around 1898. In the following one hundred years, the population has grown to nearly 50 times this size;

2809-403: Was supposed to be built near Cheung Hang Estate but the plan was put off owing to financial difficulty of Hospital Authority . All public and private housing estates on the island have their own shopping centres or markets . Cheung Fat Shopping Centre , by Hong Kong Housing Authority was once the largest shopping centre and was later supplanted by MTR Corporation 's Maritime Square , as

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