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80-574: The Tsay Keh Dene First Nation is one of the Sekani bands of the Northern Interior of British Columbia . The territories, settlements, and reserves surround Williston Lake in the Omineca region of central British Columbia . The locations range from about 155 kilometres (96 mi) north of Prince George to 495 kilometres (308 mi) northwest of the city. Tsay Keh Nay (Tsek'ehne) means "People of

160-453: A "disinformation campaign." Between January 2019 and March 2020, the RCMP spent $ 13 million policing and periodically enforcing injunctions against Indigenous protesters blocking the construction of a pipeline across what the protesters asserted was unceded Wet'suwet'en territory. Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs Na'moks and Woos complained about the armed RCMP presence, as the police moved down

240-529: A $ 100 million fund to compensate these victims. Over 20,000 current and past female employees who were employed after 1974 are eligible. On March 10, 2020, Chief Allan Adam of the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation was arrested by two RCMP officers in Fort McMurray , Alberta. After several minutes of Chief Adam yelling and posturing at officers, the officers tackled him and punched him in

320-430: A 2021 documentary film by Luke Gleeson, profiled the effects on the community of the dam construction. Sekani Sekani people call their language [tsekʼene] or [tθekʼene] depending on dialect, which appended with Dene (meaning people), means "people on the rocks". Sekani is an anglicization of this term. Other forms occasionally found, especially in older sources, are Secunnie , Siccanie , Sikani , and

400-622: A de facto band known as the Mesilinka Band led by Ray, which existed until the early 1990s. In 1989, agreement was reached to create a new reserve in the vicinity. During the early 1910s, Indian Agent William McAllan recommended the creation of reserves within 10 kilometres (6 mi) of this location but was overruled by the McKenna–McBride Commission . The reserve announced in 1966 was projected to cover 35.6 hectares (88 acres). In March 1967, BC Hydro informed Indian Affairs that

480-592: A new unit called Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2). The JTF2 inherited some equipment and the SERT's former training base near Ottawa . In 1995 the Personal Protection Group (PPG) of the RCMP was created at the behest of Jean Chrétien after the break-in by André Dallaire at the Prime Minister's official Ottawa residence, 24 Sussex Drive . The PPG is a 180-member group responsible for VIP security details, chiefly

560-724: A relatively positive relationship with the Indigenous peoples of Canada , buoyed by their role in restoring order to the Canadian west , which had been disrupted by immigrant settlement, and the stark contrast between Canadian policy and the ongoing American Indian Wars in the late 19th century. After the signing of the Numbered Treaties between 1871 and 1899, however, the service generally failed to provide Indigenous communities with police services equal to those provided to non-Indigenous communities. American historian Andrew Graybill argued

640-594: A result of the RCMP's involvement in its installation. In 1995, the RCMP intervened in the Gustafsen Lake standoff between the armed Ts'peten Defenders, occupying what they claimed was unceded Indigenous land, and armed ranchers, who owned the land and had previously allowed Indigenous people to use part of it on the condition they not erect permanent structures. The RCMP's response included 400 tactical assault team members, five helicopters, two surveillance planes, and nine Bison armoured personnel carriers on loan from

720-569: A senior RCMP officer in the Criminal Intelligence Service (CISC) was on the payroll of a Montreal-based organized crime group, and in 1992, aired an episode identifying Inspector Claude Savoie , then the assistant director of the CISC, as the leak, citing evidence that connected him to Allan Ronald Ross , an Irish-Canadian drug lord , and Sidney Leithman , a prominent lawyer associated with Montreal's organized crime network. Shortly after

800-873: Is commonly known as the Mounties in English (and colloquially in French as la police montée ). The Royal Canadian Mounted Police was established in 1920 with the amalgamation of the Royal North-West Mounted Police and the Dominion Police . Sworn members of the RCMP have jurisdiction as a peace officer in all provinces and territories of Canada. Under its federal mandate, the RCMP is responsible for enforcing federal legislation; investigating inter-provincial and international crime; border integrity; overseeing Canadian peacekeeping missions involving police; managing

880-658: Is statutorily independent of the RCMP. In the late 1970s, revelations surfaced that the RCMP Security Service had in the course of their intelligence duties engaged in crimes such as burning a barn and stealing documents from the separatist Parti Québécois . This led to the Royal Commission of Inquiry into Certain Activities of the RCMP , better known as the "McDonald Commission", named for the presiding judge, Justice David Cargill McDonald. The commission recommended that

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960-482: The Accelerated Christian Education curriculum. When Harvey Sims planned to leave the community, he sold his supplies at cost to the band, which took over the store in mid-1984. The store soon experienced operational difficulties. In 1987, despite the squatter community status, the provincial and federal governments took steps to resolve housing, water, sewage, supply, education, and employment issues in

1040-556: The C8 rifle at their disposal, where in the past they had been limited to sidearms. One of the main conclusions from the fatality inquiry that led to this result was the fact that the officers who were involved in the events did not have the appropriate weapons to face someone with a semi-automatic rifle. In 2006, the United States Coast Guard 's Ninth District and the RCMP began a program called "Shiprider", in which 12 Mounties from

1120-590: The Canada convoy protest . On September 19, 2022, the RCMP led the procession through London, England, following the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II due to the long-standing special relationship with the Queen. In 2023, the Mass Casualty Commission recommended that the RCMP replace its Depot-based training regime with a more intensive university-style program and that the federal public safety minister review

1200-563: The Canadian Army and sparked international controversy over the RCMP's use of unusually broad press exclusion zones. One of the members of the Ts'peten Defenders was later granted political asylum in the United States after an Oregon judge found that the RCMP's reporting of the incident—marked by an RCMP member's off-hand comment to media that "smear campaigns are [the RCMP's] specialty"—amounted to

1280-618: The Canadian Firearms Program , which licenses and registers firearms and their owners; and the Canadian Police College, which provides police training to Canadian and international police services. Policing in Canada is considered to be a constitutional responsibility of provinces; however, the RCMP provides local police services under contract in all provinces and territories except Ontario and Quebec . Despite its name,

1360-661: The Canadian West , but by 1920 was becoming "rapidly obsolete;" and the Dominion Police , which was responsible for federal law enforcement, intelligence, and parliamentary security. The new police service inherited the paramilitary , frontline policing-oriented culture that had governed the RNWMP, which had been modelled after the Royal Irish Constabulary , but much of the RCMP's local policing role had been superseded by provincial and municipal police services. In 1928,

1440-507: The Chinese community , which was targeted because of disproportionate links to opium dens . Historians estimate that Canada deported two per cent of its Chinese community between 1923 and 1932, largely under the provisions of the Opium and Narcotics Drugs Act . The first Mountie to go undercover was Frank Zaneth who under the code name Operative Number 1 infiltrated various "radical" groups along with

1520-656: The Civilian Review and Complaints Commission . In the wake of the 2007 Robert Dziekański taser incident at the Vancouver International Airport , two officers were found guilty of perjury to the Braidwood Inquiry and sentenced to jail for their actions. They appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada but were unsuccessful. In July 2007, two RCMP officers were shot and succumbed to their injuries in

1600-712: The Commission of Inquiry into the Actions of Canadian Officials in Relation to Maher Arar . In the aftermath of the Arar affair, the commission of inquiry recommended that the RCMP be subject to greater oversight from a review board with investigative and information-sharing capacities. Following the commission of inquiry's recommendations, the Harper government tabled amendments to the RCMP Act to create

1680-712: The Criminal Investigation Branch to the new Special Branch, formed in 1950. The branch changed names twice: in 1962, to the Directorate of Security and Intelligence; and in 1970 to the Security Service. On April 1, 1949, Newfoundland and Labrador joined in Confederation with Canada, and the Newfoundland Ranger Force amalgamated with the RCMP. In June 1953, the RCMP became a full member of

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1760-681: The Germantown neighbourhood 's market square by kettling around 300 rally-goers, sparking the Regina Riot . One city police officer and one protester were killed. The trek, which had been organized to call attention to conditions in relief camps , consequently failed to reach Ottawa, but nevertheless had political reverberations. That same year, three RCMP members, acting under contract as provincial police officers, were killed in Saskatchewan and Alberta during an arrest and subsequent pursuit. During

1840-505: The International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol). In 1969, the RCMP hired its first Black police officer, Hartley Gosline. On July 4, 1973, during a visit to Regina, Saskatchewan , Queen Elizabeth II approved a new badge for the RCMP. The force subsequently presented the sovereign with a tapestry rendering of the new design. In 1978, the RCMP formed 31 part-time emergency response teams across

1920-738: The Mayerthorpe tragedy in Alberta in March 2005. It was the single largest multiple killing of RCMP officers since the killing of three officers in Kamloops, British Columbia, by a mentally ill assailant in June 1962. Before that, the RCMP had not incurred such a loss since the North-West Rebellion . One result was that on 21 October 2011 Commissioner William J. S. Elliott announced that RCMP officers would have

2000-629: The Moncton shooting . A review from retired assistant commissioner Alphonse MacNeil in May 2015 issued 64 recommendations, while the RCMP was charged with violating the Canada Labour Code (CLC) for the slow roll-out of the C8 carbine, which had been recommended by the 2011 Elliott inquiry. The RCMP issued the first carbines in 2013, and with 12,000 members across the country had, as of May 2015, only purchased 2,200. At

2080-622: The Spiritwood Incident near Mildred, Saskatchewan . By the end of 2007, the RCMP was named Newsmaker of the Year by The Canadian Press . The RCMP mounted the Queen's Life Guard in May 2012 during celebrations of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee . On June 3, 2013, the RCMP's A Division was renamed the "National Division" and tasked with handling corruption cases "at home and abroad". In June 2014, three RCMP officers were murdered during

2160-687: The Wortman killing spree that left 23 dead in Nova Scotia in April 2020. The political furor that followed engulfed Commissioner Brenda Lucki and her minister, Public Safety Minister Bill Blair . The RCMP was strongly criticized for its response to the attacks, the deadliest rampage in Canadian history, as well as their lack of transparency in the criminal investigation. CBC News ' television program The Fifth Estate and online newspaper Halifax Examiner analyzed

2240-474: The 1990s, worn down by workplace culture lawsuits, several high-profile scandals, staffing shortages, and the service's handling of incidents like the 2020 Nova Scotia attacks . The treatment of First Nations people by the RCMP has also been criticized. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police was formed in 1920 by the amalgamation of two separate federal police services: the Royal North-West Mounted Police (RNWMP), which had been responsible for colonial policing in

2320-594: The CLC trial the Crown argued that the then newly-retired head of the RCMP Bob Paulson had "played the odds" with officer safety and it proved fatal. One result of the CLC trial was the conviction of the organization that had been led by Paulson for close to seven years. In October 2016, the RCMP issued an apology for harassment, discrimination, and sexual abuse of female officers and civilian members. Additionally, they set aside

2400-644: The Customs Preventive Service (CPS), a branch of the Department of National Revenue, was folded into the RCMP at the request of RCMP leadership. In 1935, the RCMP, acting as the provincial police service for Saskatchewan (but against the wishes of the Saskatchewan government) and in collaboration with the Regina Police Service , attempted to arrest organizers of the On-to-Ottawa Trek in

2480-570: The French Sékanais . The traditional Sekani way of life was based on hunting and gathering. Although fish formed part of the diet, the Sekani relied more heavily on game, in contrast to their Carrier and Babine neighbors. Plant food consisted largely of berries, especially of blueberries. The Sekani traditionally cremated their deceased. After cremation was discontinued, the Sekani revived an old custom, probably never entirely abandoned, of covering

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2560-522: The HBC established the Fort Grahame fur trading post on the east bank 105 kilometres (65 mi) north of Finlay Forks . The nearby Tsek'ehne community may have predated the fort. In 1915, three houses existed, which were only occupied when residents were not out on the land. Factor Ross, on the west bank opposite, was the more important settlement site, but the Fort Grahame area name often applied to both sides of

2640-585: The Ingenika Band, which was renamed the Tsay Keh Dene Band around 1993. By 1978, Ingenika Point, Ingenika Mine/Grassy Bluff, and Tucha Lake were the three main off-reserve communities. However, individuals were also living at 8 Mile Creek, Davis Creek, Eagle Rock, Horn Creek, Mesilinka, and Tobin Lake. Ingenika Mine/Grassy Bluff, which was inhabited prior to the reservoir, had about 50 residents by 1980. In 1989,

2720-500: The Mafia. In 1932, RCMP members killed Albert Johnson, the Mad Trapper of Rat River , after a shoot-out. Johnson had been the subject of a dispute with local Indigenous trappers—he had reportedly destroyed their traps, harassed them verbally, and on one occasion, pointed a firearm at them—and, when confronted with a search warrant, opened fire on RCMP officers, wounding one. Also in 1932,

2800-774: The Mountain". While navigating the Parsnip River in 1793, Alexander MacKenzie of the North West Company (NWC) made the first European contact with the Tsek'ehne. In 1824, Samuel Black of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), who made the first European exploration of the Finlay River headwaters, encountered three Tse Keh Nay groups. During the early fur trade, the Tse Keh Nay went from being

2880-449: The Parsnip River reserve, which did not occur until that October, dissuaded others. The benefits of access to clean water, the electrical grid, the Hart Highway, and services, were only partially available. The houses lacked proper insulation and venting and running water was not installed until 1973. When the Finlay Forks school closed in December 1971, education became another issue. In 1972, Chief Isaac relocated to Parsnip 5. By mid-1973,

2960-400: The RCMP at the time. During the federal government's imposition of municipal-style elected councils on First Nations, the RCMP raided the government buildings of particularly resistant traditional hereditary chiefs' councils and oversaw the subsequent council elections – the Six Nations of the Grand River Elected Council was originally referred to as the "Mounties Council" as

3040-408: The RCMP detachment at Windsor and 16 U.S. Coast Guard boarding officers from stations in Michigan ride in each other's vessels. The intent was to allow for seamless enforcement of the international border. On December 6, 2006, RCMP Commissioner Giuliano Zaccardelli resigned after admitting that his earlier testimony about the Maher Arar case was inaccurate. The RCMP's actions were scrutinized by

3120-416: The RCMP historically resembled the Texas Rangers in many ways: each protected the established order by confining and removing Indigenous peoples; tightly controlling the mixed-blood peoples (the African Americans in Texas and the Métis in Canada); assisting the large-scale ranchers against the small-scale ranchers and farmers who fenced the land; and breaking the power of labour unions that tried to organize

3200-404: The RCMP in their investigations. She helped establish the first RCMP forensic laboratory in 1937, and later was its director for several years. In addition to her forensic work, McGill also provided training to new RCMP and police recruits in forensic detection methods. Upon her retirement in 1946, McGill was appointed honorary surgeon to the RCMP and continued to act as a dedicated consultant for

3280-427: The RCMP infiltrated ethnic or political groups considered to be dangerous to Canada. These included the Communist Party of Canada (founded in 1921) and a variety of Indigenous, minority cultural, and nationalist groups. The service was also deeply involved in immigration matters, and was responsible for deporting suspected radicals. The RCMP paid particular attention to nationalist and socialist Ukrainian groups and

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3360-435: The RCMP was learning how to better manage transitions to local policing from contract policing. Similar transitions have been proposed, debated, or approved in some Alberta First Nations, rural Manitoba , and rural New Brunswick . As the federal police service, the RCMP has had an expansive and controversial role in colonization. One of the RCMP's two preceding agencies—the Royal Northwest Mounted Police (RNWMP)—had enjoyed

3440-487: The RCMP's contract policing program. Public Safety Minister Marco Mendicino was mandated to conduct a review of RCMP contract policing when he took office in 2022. In June 2021, Privacy Commissioner of Canada Daniel Therrien found that the RCMP had broken Canadian privacy law through hundreds of illegal searches using Clearview AI . In February 2022, four men were arrested near Coutts, Alberta , for their roles in an alleged conspiracy to kill RCMP officers during

3520-406: The RCMP's involvement in contract policing. Later that year, the force established a new direct-entry program for federal policing candidates. Those recruited for the program will be required to complete a shorter, more focussed 14-week training curriculum in Ottawa before being posted to a federal policing position. As of 2024, the implementation is suspended due to concerns raised by unions. In

3600-506: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police are no longer an actual mounted police service, and horses are used only at ceremonial events and certain other occasions. The Government of Canada considers the RCMP to be an unofficial national symbol, and in 2013, 87 per cent of Canadians interviewed by Statistics Canada said that the RCMP was important to their national identity. However, the service has faced criticism for its broad mandate, and its public perception in Canada has gradually soured since

3680-409: The Sekani language. Royal Canadian Mounted Police The Royal Canadian Mounted Police ( RCMP ; French : Gendarmerie royale du Canada ; GRC ) is the national police service of Canada. The RCMP is an agency of the Government of Canada ; it also provides police services under contract to 11 provinces and territories , over 150 municipalities, and 600 Indigenous communities. The RCMP

3760-404: The band reached an agreement with the provincial and federal governments to create the 810-hectare (2,000-acre) Tsay Keh Dene reserve at the northern tip of the lake, the 400-hectare (1,000-acre) Mesilinka reserve on the Mesilinka River near Blackpine Lake, and a non-residential plot at Ingenika Point. In exchange, the band would surrender Tutu Creek 4 and Parsnip 5. Subsequent amendments resulted in

3840-444: The community uses the reserve as a farm and they have even reintroduced bison into their traditional territory. The reserve is about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Mackenzie. Announced in 1966, the projected footprint was 32.4 hectares (80 acres). On surveying, the size increased to 37.4 hectares (92.3 acres). Most of the shortcomings of Parson 5 equally applied to TuTu Creek 4, such as the multiple delays in availability. In fact,

3920-472: The country to respond to serious incidents requiring a tactical police response. In 1986, in the wake of the 1985 Turkish embassy attack in Ottawa and the bombing of Air India Flight 182 , the Canadian government directed the RCMP to form the Special Emergency Response Team (SERT), a full-time counter-terrorism unit. In the early 1990s, journalists at the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 's The Fifth Estate opened an investigation into rumours that

4000-522: The dead man with the brush hut that had sheltered him during his last days and then deserting the locality for a period. Persons of influence were buried in coffins raised on platforms or trees. They were said to have practiced polyandry before large scale conversion to Catholicism . Three bands identify as Sekani: Kwadacha, McLeod Lake, and Tsay-Keh Dene. In addition, the Takla Lake First Nation, which identifies as Carrier, includes many people of Sekani descent and until recently many of its members spoke

4080-432: The early 2020s, the cities of Surrey, British Columbia , and Grande Prairie , Alberta, both established independent municipal police forces to replace the RCMP. In the wake of these decisions, and similar moves by the governments of Alberta and Saskatchewan to establish supplementary provincial police services to support (and, according to some critics, eventually replace) the RCMP, Commissioner Mike Duheme indicated that

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4160-413: The episode aired, and minutes before being interviewed by detectives with the RCMP's professional standards unit, Savoie committed suicide in his Ottawa office. One of Savoie's subordinates, Portuguese-Canadian constable Jorge Leite , was found guilty of corruption and breach of trust by a Portuguese court about his work with Savoie. In 1993, the SERT was transferred to the Canadian Forces , creating

4240-509: The federal government authorized the RCMP to enter into heavily subsidized contracts with provinces and municipalities, enabling the service to return to its roots in local policing. The federal government paid 60 per cent of the policing costs, while provinces and municipalities paid the remaining 40 per cent. By 1950, eight of the ten Canadian provinces had disbanded their provincial police services in favour of subsidized RCMP policing. As part of its national security and intelligence functions,

4320-404: The forestry camps to the locality to pursue a traditional lifestyle by squatting on Crown land . By September, 52 people had arrived. By December, Indian Affairs had erected 11 cabins, despite the non-reserve status. Trapper and guide Harvey Sims, who stayed at the Point as the water rose, opened a store and also hired local Tsek'ehne to work for his guiding outfit. By mid-1973, the population

4400-590: The head whilst struggling with him on the ground. Chief Adam was later charged with resisting arrest and assaulting a peace officer, but the charges were subsequently dropped. After watching the video of the arrest, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said, "[w]e have all now seen the shocking video of Chief Adam's arrest and we must get to the bottom of this". Following the revelation of Chief Adam's arrest—as well as several other recent instances in which RCMP officers had assaulted or killed Indigenous people —RCMP Commissioner Brenda Lucki stated, after initially demurring on

4480-460: The hopes that they could be definitively refused entry to the service as "their colour would raise the question of policy." Both men ultimately passed the requisite tests, but neither was given an offer of employment. In the wake of the 1945 defection of Soviet cipher clerk Igor Gouzenko , who revealed that the Soviet Union was spying on Western nations, the RCMP separated its units responsible for domestic intelligence and counter-espionage from

4560-450: The interwar period, the RCMP employed special constables to assist with strikebreaking . For a brief period in the late 1930s, a volunteer militia group, the Legion of Frontiersmen , was affiliated with the RCMP. Many members of the RCMP belonged to this organization, which was prepared to serve as an auxiliary police service. In 1940, the RCMP schooner St. Roch facilitated the first effective patrol of Canada's Arctic territory. It

4640-542: The latter was even less popular than the former. In 1970, only two families expressed any interest in relocating to the reserve, whereas Indian Affairs claimed families wanted to move there. The reserve infringed upon another band's traditional territory, namely the McLeod Lake Tsek'ehne and was the location of a McLeod Lake camp. No candidates appear to have ever moved to the reserve. Over the passage of time, Tutu Creek 4 became overgrown and bears no evidence of its former existence. The Scattering of Man (Dəne Yi'Injetl) ,

4720-458: The population was 48. In 1974, only two families remained, who also left the next year. The reserve was too small, had poor soil and was too close to Mackenzie . Since then, Parsnip 5 has become a ghost town , which comprises a cemetery, building foundations, and a dump for domestic waste . Around 1905, a NWMP presence resulted in the naming of a meadow north of Fort Grahame as Police Meadows. The 130-hectare (320-acre) Police Meadows 2 reserve

4800-410: The present configuration. Served by a central office in Prince George, the present reserves and settlements under the jurisdiction of the Tsay Keh Dene First Nation are as follows: In April 1990, construction began on the new community, reducing the band unemployment rate. That winter, the Ingenika Point residents began relocating to the partially completed village. The climate created by the reservoir

4880-399: The prime minister and the governor general. The RCMP Security Service (RCMPSS) was a specialized political intelligence and counterintelligence branch with national security responsibilities following revelations of illegal covert operations relating to the Quebec separatist movement . As a result, the RCMPSS was replaced by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) in 1984, and

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4960-404: The question, that systemic racism exists in the RCMP: "I do know that systemic racism is part of every institution, the RCMP included", she said. One day earlier, Trudeau had also stated that "[s]ystemic racism is an issue right across the country, in all our institutions, including in all our police services, including in the RCMP." RCMP Constable Heidi Stevenson was killed while responding to

5040-441: The relocation of the school. In 1995, a satellite RCMP station opened. The school (K–12), comprising about 60 students, and RCMP post, operate currently. When the HBC closed Fort Grahame in 1949, Frank (Shorty) Webber already ran a trading post at Old Ingenika. On Webber's death in 1952, Ben Corke took over, operating the store on regular visits. River freighters Art and Jim Van Somer replaced him in 1963. A Roman Catholic church

5120-423: The reserve overlapped with provincial reserves for town site purposes, but the province lifted those encumbrances in May. The province transferred ownership of the land to the federal government in June 1969, which created the new reserves in October. Indian Affairs assumed the new reserves would provide the best of both worlds, allowing residents to remain isolated from wider Euro-Canadian society but have access to

5200-407: The river. The First Nations became known by this name. The 68-hectare (168-acre) Fort Grahame reserve (called Finlay Forks 1) was allotted in 1916, surveyed in 1926, and transferred to the federal government in 1938. In 1949, the HBC closed the trading post. By the early 1960s, few people lived on the reserve. The reservoir, which began filling in 1968, reached optimum level in 1973. Seymour Isaac

5280-433: The road, kilometre-by-kilometre, over days, dismantling fortified checkpoints and making arrests. The RCMP's enforcement of a court injunction against the occupiers in 2020 sparked international controversy and protests and, as of 2022, sporadic occupations and protests—some violent—have continued at the site. In the 1920s, Saskatchewan provincial pathologist Frances Gertrude McGill began providing forensic assistance to

5360-403: The schools, sometimes by force, as per the Indian Act and as was common for truant non-Indigenous children through the same period. Marcel-Eugène LeBeuf stated in his report for the RCMP that records and oral histories indicate the force "was responding, in its most traditional police role, to a request to protect children" and that abuses within the school system were largely unreported to

5440-456: The service's intelligence duties be removed in favour of the creation of a separate intelligence agency, the CSIS. The RCMP and the CSIS nonetheless continue to share responsibility for some law enforcement activities in the contemporary era, particularly in the anti-terrorism context. Due to 9/11 , the RCMP Sky Marshals , which is charged with security on passenger aircraft, was inaugurated in 2002. Four RCMP officers were fatally shot during

5520-422: The timeline of events, and both observed a myriad of failures and shortcomings in the RCMP response. A criminologist criticized the RCMP's response as "a mess" and called for an overhaul in how the agency responds to active shooter situations, after they had failed to properly respond to other such incidents in the past. In the early 2020s, several governments, politicians, and scholars recommended terminating

5600-403: The treaty process independent of the others. However, while seeking to save the Amazay Lake from Northgate Minerals, the three northern communities (Kwadacha, Tsay Keh Dene, and Takla Lake) presented themselves as a single Tse Keh Nay First Nation. Inhabiting the Rocky Mountain Trench , the Tse Keh Nay faced periodic attacks from the east by the Dane-zaa and Rocky Mountain Indians. In 1870,

5680-408: The unnamed Indians of MacKenzie's journal to the Sicannies and Thecannies of Harmon 's, Black's and Stuart 's journals. Now known as the Sekani, the Tse Keh Nay are currently subdivided into the four First Nations and corresponding communities of Kwadacha /Fort Ware, McLeod Lake , Takla Lake and Tsay Keh Dene. The respective traditional territories overlap. Tsay Keh Dene have chosen to pursue

5760-463: The village. Until 1988 there was no road northward to Ingenika and the only way to easily enter into the area was by air or barge during the summer. The cemetery at the Point remains in use. Ray Izony, who became band chief in 1975, lived at Grassy Bluff by 1977. When Gordon Pierre was elected chief in 1986, Ray Izony and about 40 band members relocated to Blackpine Lake. This group eventually formed into

5840-419: The waterways for transportation, while benefitting from social services and job opportunities. However, band members were concerned the new reserves were outside their traditional territory. On surveying, the size changed to 34.1 hectares (84.3 acres). During summer and fall 1971, five prefabricated houses were erected. However, the series of delays in relocating the first five families from the forestry camps to

5920-459: The workers of industrial corporations. From 1920 (1933, with respect to the Indian Act ) to 1996, RCMP officers served as truant officers for Indian residential schools , including through the transition of students from federal residential to provincial day schools after 1948, assisting principals, staff, Indian agents , relatives, and members of the communities in bringing truant children to

6000-460: Was 56. That year, the band built a school, which opened in October. In 1975, a new band office was built, and the band rejected the offer of a 200-hectare (500-acre) onsite reserve as inadequate. When all the school teachers resigned in fall 1978, owing to safety concerns, Indian Affairs, which had previously provided limited funding to the school, resolved the matter. In 1980, the school transitioned to

6080-458: Was allotted in 1916, surveyed in 1926, and transferred to the federal government in 1938. The lowering of the dam height from an earlier proposal meant the reservoir did not submerge the reserve, which was uninhabited and purely a meadow in a mountain valley. During the 1970s, no interest emerged to populate this reserve, beyond a recommendation by Chief Isaac. In 1974, the band resolved that Police Meadows should remain for agriculture. Currently

6160-490: Was built in 1959. The population was about 25 in 1961. The store closed in 1968. After the dam reservoir had consumed the Old Ingenika settlement, all that remained was a BC Forest Service runway on the bluff above. The location was preferred to the new reserves, because the hunting was better, their ancestors were buried there, and child protective services were less likely to visit. In 1971, band members began returning from

6240-483: Was elected band chief in 1971. Williston Lake, created as part of the W. A. C. Bennett Dam project, flooded a large part of the band territory with devastating effects on the people and their way of life. The ultimate destination of all the remains in the three flooded Fort Grahame cemeteries is unclear. Those in the Factor Ross cemetery across the river sloughed into the reservoir in 1983. The people became known as

6320-534: Was the first vessel to navigate the Northwest Passage from west to east, taking two years, the first to navigate the passage in one season (from Halifax to Vancouver in 1944), the first to sail either way through the passage in one season, and the first to circumnavigate North America (1950). In 1941, two African-Canadian men from Nova Scotia applied to join the RCMP. The commissioner at the time, Stuart Wood , allegedly allowed them to sit for entrance tests in

6400-408: Was the main reason for the move. Strong winds and sandstorms occur at Ingenika. The calmest areas of the lake are at the ends of Parsnip and Finlay reaches, whereas in the deeper parts, waves can reach 12 metres (40 ft). Partially and completely submerged logs are hazardous even in good weather. Over the following years, the population gradually moved from Ingenika Point, which would have involved

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