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29-605: All of them died unmarried with the exception of the daughters of Ivan V . Notably, his daughter Catherine married Karl Leopold of Mecklenburg-Schwerin . Both tsarevna and tsarevich were replaced with grand duchess and grand duke (with tsesarevich given to the heir apparent ). This Russian history –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ivan V of Russia Ivan V Alekseyevich ( Russian : Иван V Алексеевич ; 6 September [ O.S. 27 August] 1666 – 8 February [ O.S. 29 January] 1696)

58-515: A minor nobleman , by his wife, whose name is uncertain – it was either Yekaterina Fyodorovna or Anna Mikhailovna Tatishcheva . Ivan's marriage was arranged in the traditional style of Russian rulers: he selected a bride from a parade of potential candidates . Praskovia Saltykova, who came from a rather obscure Russian noble family , had been raised in a middle-class household and adhered to conventional values and moral standards. She bonded strongly with her gentle and simple-minded husband and became

87-564: A Western education and hosted entertainment receptions for Western visitors in her residence, thereby discontinuing the Terem system which had required her to live secluded. This was a contrast to many of Peter's other female relatives. Peter responded with gratitude and always treated her with respect and consideration, and often visited her and her daughters. She had a friendly relationship to her sister-in-law Natalya , and helped her set up an amateur theater. She also helped Tsarina Evdokia to set up

116-512: A compromise was found by declaring Ivan and Peter as co-rulers, with a regency government until the boys came of age. Sofia Alekseyevna, who had been influential at court during her brother Feodor's reign, was named regent. On 25 June 1682, less than two months after the death of Feodor III, Ivan and Peter were crowned in the Cathedral of the Dormition as co-Tsars. A special throne with two seats

145-545: A long affair with the boyar Vassili Yushkov  [ ru ] , who was the head of her household and entrusted with the affairs and economy of her court. Praskovia had great respect for her brother-in-law emperor Peter I , with whom she maintained a good relationship. Although she was raised in the old Russian Terem culture, she adjusted to the Westernized reforms of Peter out of respect for his authority as Tsar, an office she regarded to be holy. She gave her daughters

174-498: A time when female succession was possible in Russia allowed Peter to usurp full power from Ivan more easily than may otherwise have been the case. In 1696, Ivan V died. Praskovia Saltykova and her surviving three daughters retired from court and settled in the imperial country estate of Izmailovo outside Moscow. She was respectfully referred to in official documents as Her Majesty Tsarina Praskovia Feodorovna until her death. Praskovia had

203-443: Is blamed (perhaps unfairly, as a tactic of defamation) for the murders of Peter's uncles on his mother's side of the family. Due to this and other factors, tension arose between the factions of the two co-tsars. Ivan being both incapable and disinterested, Peter came into his own and functioned as though he were the sole tsar. The eventual result was that, over time, the outward signs of deference and power which Ivan had enjoyed during

232-512: The Neva . She was, however, allowed to visit Izmaylovo, which she often did. In contrast to many other female relations of Peter, Praskovia never refused to attend the Westernized entertainments, such as theater plays and masquerade balls, or to dress herself and her ladies-in-waiting in costumes on such occasions or to drink alcohol in gender-mixed parties, which was a part of Peter's reforms of upper class social and court life. During this period, after

261-485: The Patriarch John officiating as the ceremony. At the wedding, her father changed his name from Alexander Saltykov to Feodor in order to give Praskovia the patronymic Feodorovna, which was associated with the icon by Romanov and considered suitable for an empress. Praskovia Saltykova was at the time of her marriage described as a healthy Russian beauty, tall, with a full figure and long thick hair, fully corresponding to

290-550: The Tsar's office, she did not protest his right to arrange marriages for her daughters. When her daughter Anna left for Courland, Peter arranged for Praskovia to visit with her in Riga . During her last years, Praskovia was affected by a deteriorating health and often visited spas for health reasons. In 1719, she visited the waters of Konchezerskoye, and the Olonets in 1721. During this period, she

319-497: The age of 27, Ivan was described by foreign ambassadors as senile , paralytic and almost blind . He died two years later, on 8 February 1696, and was interred in the Archangel Cathedral . It was fortuitous to Peter's faction that Ivan produced several daughters but no sons, as there was no confusion regarding the succession of the crown upon his death. His co-ruler was left to become supreme ruler of Russia; with Ivan's death,

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348-455: The celebrations of Tsar Peter's birthday and name day in her palace of Izmaylovo. In 1698, it is described how she arranged entertainment with music for the court. Despite her willingness to adjust to the Petrine reforms, however, her outwardly Westernized court was described as full of old superstition. One of her most influential courtiers was Timothy Arkhipovich, who acted as her holy fool in

377-629: The contemporary Russian ideal of beauty. As a person, she was described as religious, superstitious and not very well educated. Praskovia Saltykova was reportedly particularly devoted to the Virgin icon of Yaroslavl, and the Virgin Mother Icon of Kazan. The marriage remained childless for five years. After five years, Praskovia started to have children, which was the reason why a marriage was arranged for Tsar Peter by his mother. Ivan V and Praskovia eventually had five daughters. Their lack of sons before

406-452: The divorce of Peter from his first wife and before his marriage to his next, Praskovia as well as Peter's sister ceremoniously acted as the first ladies of his court, as his new Western court needed a hostess for him to receive ambassadors and similar events in accordance with his desired Western standard. In 1712, she and her daughters attended the wedding of Peter I and the future Catherine I of Russia . In accordance with her reverence for

435-634: The mainstay of his life. She proved to be an exemplary wife to a mentally challenged man. Her moral character, simple lifestyle, charity, piety and non-involvement in politics were admired by all. She earned the lifelong respect of her powerful brother-in-law, Peter the Great , who entrusted the care and education of his own two daughters to her, imploring her to bring them up to be just like herself. Ivan's purported debility did not prevent him from producing robust offspring, and Praskovia bore him five daughters, three of whom lived to adulthood. Their children were: At

464-538: The move. Rumors spread around Moscow that Feodor III had been poisoned and Ivan strangled by boyars so that the 10-year-old Peter could become Tsar. These rumours fomented the Moscow Uprising of 1682 , and the streltsy stormed the Kremlin . These disturbances subsided only after Ivan appeared in person in the city, and proved to everyone that he was alive and well. The streltsy demanded that Ivan be named tsar, and

493-502: The old Russian tradition. At the fall and following execution of Tsarevich Alexei, Praskovia Saltykova was in fact implicated as a sympathizer of the Tsarevich and his conservative views, but Peter refused to act upon this because of his regard for her. In 1708, Praskovia Saltykova moved with her daughters and her entire household to the new capital of Saint Petersburg on the Tsar's orders, where their own palace had been allotted to them by

522-454: The regency slowly withered away, and he became a non-entity in the Russian court. For the last decade of his life, Ivan was completely overshadowed by the more energetic Peter I. He spent his days with his wife, Praskovia Saltykova , caring about little but "fasting and praying, day and night". In late 1683 or early 1684, Ivan married Praskovia Saltykova , daughter of Fyodor Petrovich Saltykov ,

551-415: The struggle for power within the family had finally ended. In 1730, more than 30 years after Ivan's death, his second surviving daughter, Anna, Duchess of Courland , was invited to the throne of Russia by the country's privy council. She ruled for more than 10 years, and was succeeded by Ivan's infant great-grandson Ivan VI ; however, a palace coup engineered in 1741 by Ivan's niece Elizabeth resulted in

580-450: The throne passing finally to the progeny of Peter the Great. Praskovia Saltykova Praskovia Fyodorovna Saltykova ( Russian : Прасковья Фёдоровна Салтыкова ; 12 October 1664 – 13 October 1723) was the tsaritsa of Russia as the only wife of joint-Tsar Ivan V of Russia . She was the mother of Empress Anna of Russia . She played an important part as the most senior woman of the Russian court in 1698–1712. Praskovia Fyodorovna

609-420: The youngest son of Tsar Alexis and Maria Miloslavskaya. Only two of his older brothers survived childhood; his eldest brother, Alexei , died aged 15 in 1670, therefore his second brother, Feodor , became tsar upon the death of their father. When Feodor died in 1682 without issue, the court was faced with a crisis of succession, because Ivan, the next-oldest brother, was thought to be "infirm in body and mind." It

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638-452: Was Tsar of all Russia between 1682 and 1696, jointly ruling with his younger half-brother Peter I . Ivan was the youngest son of Alexis I of Russia by his first wife, Maria Miloslavskaya , while Peter was the only son of Alexis by his second wife, Natalya Naryshkina . Ivan's reign was solely titular because he had serious physical and mental challenges. Ivan V was born in 1666 in Moscow ,

667-431: Was also reported to drink very much. She received her eldest daughter Catherine when she escaped home to Russia from an abusive marriage in 1722. In 1722, the courtier Vasily Derevnina stole her letters to her lover Vasily Yushkov, and she had him illegally arrested and interrogated, during which he was severely abused. When Tsar Peter investigated the case, her servants who had acted on her orders were arrested and Yushkov

696-454: Was anxious that every outward sign of respect and deference be paid to Ivan, which was a subtle way of undermining the influence of Peter's faction in court. Thus, every wish or opinion expressed by Ivan was deferred to, and his general prestige in court remained intact during the years of Sophia's regency. As Peter grew up, he and his faction, led by his mother's Naryshkin family, contended with Regent Sophia for influence and power. Indeed, Sophia

725-406: Was at the time the ruler of Russia in place of the two Tsars: the underage Peter and the mentally challenged Ivan. Reportedly, Prince Vasily Golitsyn advised Sophia that when Ivan V had a son, she could appoint Ivan's son to be his co-regent and place Peter in a monastery, thus securing her regency for a much longer period. Ivan V himself reportedly showed no inclination toward marriage, but did as he

754-498: Was by birth member of an old Saltykov family . Born as an elder daughter of Fyodor Petrovich Saltykov  [ ru ] and of a certain Yekaterina Fyodorovna or of Anna Mikhailovna Tatischeva The marriage of Ivan V was arranged by his sister, the regent Sophia , who wished to ensure the next heir to the throne through Ivan and his faction of the family rather than from his half brother and co-Tsar, Peter . Sophia

783-495: Was commissioned for the occasion (now on display in the Kremlin Armoury ). While Ivan was 16 years old at this time, his co-ruler Peter I was only 10. Ivan was considered the "senior tsar", but actual power was wielded by Sophia Alekseyevna , Ivan's full sister and Peter's half-sister, for the next seven years. Sophia was always considerate of Ivan, although she is never known to have consulted him on any important matter. She

812-590: Was proposed that he be passed over in favor of his younger half-brother, Peter, who was only 10 years old at this time, but was healthy in mind and body, and could be expected to provide adequate leadership in adulthood. The church and the Naryshkins (family of Peter's mother, Natalya Naryshkina ) supported Peter's proposed ascension to the throne. However, the family of Ivan V's mother (the Miloslavski) and Ivan's older sister, Sofia Alekseyevna , in particular, disputed

841-466: Was told, and Sophia in fact chose his bride. According to the Swedish diplomat Hildebrandt Horn, Praskovia was not willing to marry Ivan, but was forced to consent. She was selected as the bride of Tsar Ivan V in a traditional parade of potential candidates before him. This was the last use of this method to choose a tsaritsa in Russia. The wedding took place in the cathedral church on 9 January 1684, with

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