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19-556: It was constructed between 1505 and 1508 under the supervision of the Italian architect Aloisio the New on the spot of an older cathedral, built in 1333. Now it also serves as a part of Moscow Kremlin Museums . A precursor to the present cathedral was built in 1250, and was replaced with a stone church in 1333 by Grand Duke Ivan Kalita , who would later become the first Russian monarch to be buried in

38-703: Is enough evidence to assume that they were built in strikingly differing styles. The best preserved of these churches is the katholikon of the Vysokopetrovsky Monastery in Moscow (1514–17), considered the earliest rotunda in Russia. Iconostasis of the cathedral of the archangel The Iconostasis of Cathedral of the Archangel Michael is a traditional Russian iconostasis , which dates from 1678 to 1681. The iconostasis, which has been preserved to our day,

57-738: Is located in The Cathedral of the Archangel in the Kremlin of Moscow The large iconostasis, 13 meters high, dates from 1678-81. Ninety-two painters selected by Simon Ushakov , the famous icon painter of the 17th century, took part in painting the murals of Archangel Cathedral. The paintings in the Archangel Cathedral are monumental showing the obvious tendency of the masters to spaciousness and simultaneously to simple and clear composition unburdened by subject-matter detail. The faces are painted in

76-570: Is the tomb of Tsarevich Demetrius , the son of Ivan the Terrible , who was buried there in the early 17th century and was later canonized. During the 1917 Russian Revolution , the cathedral was damaged during the fighting. Afterwards, it was closed by the Bolshevik regime. During the 1950s, along with the other surviving churches in the Moscow Kremlin, it was preserved as a museum. A large portion of

95-550: The Four Evangelists . However, the exterior ornamentation its characteristic semi-circular niches with shell-shaped ornaments and gateways with arc-shaped frames made of white limestone, which are coated with paint and decorated with floral ornaments point to the Italian Renaissance influence. The interior of the cathedral, however, was largely constructed in a manner typical for Russian churches. The large iconostasis of

114-418: The 1560s. A fresco of Lazar of Serbia was painted in 1564. In addition, inside the cathedral are the depictions of Saint Sava , Stefan Nemanja (Saint Simeon) and Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos attesting to Ivan the Terrible 's connection to his Serbian roots. His mother Elena Glinskaya was a daughter of Prince Vasili Lvovich Glinsky of Lithuania and Serb Princess Ana Jakšić . The cathedral

133-707: The Child on her lap. The deisis row includes both the traditional, five-figured key (Saviour Almighty, Our Lady, John the Precursor, Archangel Michael, Archangel Gabriel) and icons of the twelve Apostles (six from each side). There are two images on the Local tier, on either side of King's Gatee: "Our Lady the Favoured Heaven" and "saviour the Great Pontiff". The festive row depicts the events from New Testament that are celebrated in

152-553: The Great , along with many empresses and princes of the blood, with the sole exception of Boris Godunov . After the royal necropolis was moved to Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg , only Tsar Peter II , who happened to die in Moscow, was interred here. There are 54 burials in the cathedral, with 46 ornamented whitestone tombstones (1636–1637) and glazed cases made of bronze (1903). Of note

171-543: The Kremlin since 1494. Aloisio's first and principal work in Moscow was the Archangel Cathedral , the burial place of Muscovite monarchs. The cathedral's elaborate Renaissance ornamentation was extensively copied throughout 16th-century Russia. Aloisio the New was last mentioned in 1514, when he was entrusted by Vasili III to build 11 churches in Moscow . Although only parts of these structures have been preserved, there

190-523: The New Aloisio the New ( Russian : Алевиз Новый , romanized :  Aleviz Novyy ) or Aleviz Fryazin ( Russian : Алевиз Фрязин ) was an Italian Renaissance architect invited by Ivan III of Russia to work in Moscow . Some Italian scholars have attempted to identify him with the Venetian sculptor Alvise Lamberti da Montagnana , but this is still widely disputed. On his way to Russia, Aloisio

209-512: The autumn of the same year, and was buried in the still unfinished building. Work on the cathedral was completed by the end of 1508, but it was not formally consecrated until 8 November 1509. The new building incorporated many elements of the Italian Renaissance , and numerous of these details (considered “exotic” by Moscow standards) disappeared during later repairs and restorations. The interior walls were not painted with frescoes until

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228-514: The cathedral of the archangel , 13 meters high, dates from 1678 to 1681. The icon of Archangel Michael, the oldest in the iconostasis, is believed to have been created for Princess Eudoxia , the wife of Dmitri Donskoi to the memory the victory in the Battle of Kulikovo . The wall frescoes date to the 16th and 17th centuries. Some were painted by Yakov of Kazan , Stepan of Ryazan , Joseph Vladimirov and others between 1652 and 1666. Aloisio

247-668: The church's treasures were either transferred to the Kremlin Armory Museum, or sold overseas. After 1992, the building was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church and occasional religious services resumed. Compared with the other two major Kremlin cathedrals, the Archangel Cathedral is substantially different in style, despite maintaining a traditional layout. It echoes the layout of the Assumption Cathedral in its use of five domes (representing Jesus Christ and

266-500: The church. In 1505, Grand Duke Ivan III , already in the midst of major renovation project for the Kremlin, turned his attention to the church, as in the case of the rebuilding of the Assumption Cathedral two decades earlier, turned to architects from Italy for assistance. An Italian, Lamberti Aloisio da Mantagnana ( Aloisio the New ) was invited to Moscow, and ground was broken for a new cathedral on 21 May 1505. Ivan died in

285-520: The church. they include Christmas, Candelas Day, Epiphany, the Resurrection of Lazarus, Enter into Jerusalem, and the Crucifixion The icon that the church draws its name from, "Archangel Michael" is the most ancient one. It was painted c. 1399 and adorned the iconostasis of the preceding Archangel’s Church. The icon, the oldest in the iconostasis, is believed to have been created for Princess Eudoxia,

304-457: The other icons, following the medieval Christian tradition were left unsigned. The wooden frame of the iconostasis was created in the reign of Theodore Alexeevich by a team of carvers. It is crafted in the Baroque style. All the prophets are depicted standing and holding open scrolls with prophetic scripture. The central image of the row is the monumental icon of "Our Lady" sitting on a throne with

323-466: The soft painting technique typical of 17th century icon painting. The color scheme is simple, including gold, yellow, green, light-blue, blue, pink, and red. The iconostasis of the Archangel's Cathedral consists of four tiers – local, festive, deisis and prophets. All the icons of the iconostasis, except two icons of the local row – "The Annunciation of Ustyug" and " Archangel Michael in deeds " – were created by royal painters ("isografs") in 1679-1681. All

342-475: Was captured by Meñli I Giray , the khan of Crimea . At the khan's court, Aloisio built some sections of the famous palace in Bakhchisaray . The Italianate carved portal of the palace is particularly noteworthy. In 1504, he finally arrived in Moscow , with a letter of recommendation from the khan. He became known to Russians as Aleviz the New, to distinguish him from his namesake , who had been working at

361-616: Was damaged in the 1737 Kremlin Fire, and was further threatened by the construction of the predecessor of the Grand Kremlin Palace, which led to soil subsidence, and caused a slight tilt in the orientation of the walls. Victories of the Russian military were celebrated in the Cathedral of the Archangel. All Russian tsars and grand princes were buried within the cathedral until the time of Peter

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