.
55-562: The Trenchcoat Robbers , Ray Lewis Bowman and William Arthur "Billy" Kirkpatrick, are a pair of bank robbers from the United States. Their biggest heist was the February 1997 robbery of a Seafirst Bank branch in Lakewood, Washington that netted $ 4.4 million. Their modus operandi involved picking the lock of closed banks, tying up the employees, and stealing from the vault. Their first robbery
110-459: A BBC documentary, once inquired on the effectiveness of an Uzi in a bank robbery, to which the firearms training instructor joked "that would be sixty-four pieces of evidence to convict you." The sawed-off shotgun , a common robbery weapon in the United Kingdom , Australia and New Zealand where handguns are difficult to obtain, is easily concealable but not particularly effective. While it
165-590: A crime spree during the Great Depression with their associates, the Barrow Gang . They captured the public imagination with their image as a wild young couple. Along with their gang, they were credited with only ten bank robberies, often making away with as little as $ 80. They were eventually ambushed and killed on the roadside outside Bienville Parish, Louisiana by a posse of Texas and Louisiana lawmen. John Dillinger (June 22, 1903 – July 22, 1934) robbed banks in
220-560: A further compensation scheme for those affected, and a wider debate on the Home Office hostile environment policy . Aderonke Apata , a Nigerian LGBT activist , made two asylum claims that were both rejected by the Home Office in 2014 and on 1 April 2015 respectively, due to her previously having been in a relationship with a man and having children with that man. In 2014, Apata said that she would send an explicit video of herself to
275-551: A gun to rob the Valley bank of Santa Clara of $ 7,000. They then used a hired automobile to escape and were chased by police and a posse of citizens also in automobiles, eventually leading to their capture. On December 21, 1911, two armed men of the Bonnot Gang intercepted a bank messenger outside a branch of Société Générale in Paris. They stole a satchel of money he was about to deliver to
330-622: A main plot in many heist films . Some of these films are based on the lives of historic bank robbers, such as Bonnie and Clyde (1967), Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), The Newton Boys (1998) and Public Enemies (2009) (based on the life of John Dillinger). Dog Day Afternoon (1975), Set It Off (1996), and The Bank Job (2008) are based on actual bank robberies. Other notable but fictional examples include Point Break (1991), Heat (1995), Henry's Crime (2010), and The Town (2010). In The Town , bank robbery
385-546: A movie theater in Chicago , Illinois , where he was shot and killed by multiple agents. George "Baby Face" Nelson (December 6, 1908 – November 27, 1934) was a bank robber and former associate of John Dillinger. He is notable for having killed more FBI agents in the line of duty than any other person. He was killed in a shootout known as The Battle of Barrington , outside Chicago. Edwin Alonzo Boyd (April 2, 1914 – May 17, 2002)
440-483: A series of bank robberies in Victoria and New South Wales. Herman Lamm (April 19, 1890 – December 16, 1930), The first "modern" bank robber, who developed techniques of surveillance and planning, such as casing and getaway maps, used by many latter stick-up men such as John Dillinger. Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow , better known as "Bonny and Clyde" (active February 1932 – May 1934), were an American couple who went on
495-413: Is "the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence or by putting the victim in fear." By contrast, burglary is "unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft ." Bank robbery occurs in cities and towns. This concentration is often attributed to there being more branches in urban areas, but
550-509: Is believed to have happened in September 1982. Their disguises included trenchcoats, wigs, fake mustaches, hats and glasses. They are believed to have robbed 28 banks in the United States. Kirkpatrick was arrested after a search of his car resulting from a speeding ticket showed that he had four guns, two bags of fake mustaches, a key-making machine, locksmith tools and nearly two million dollars in two padlocked footlockers. Kirkpatrick's girlfriend
605-594: Is described as an element of life for residents of Charlestown, a neighborhood in Boston. However, this is exaggerated and is disputed by residents of Charlestown, who describe it as outdated, as of when the film The Town was made. Up to the early 2000s, Charlestown was notorious for criminals whose specialty was robbery but also other lucrative crimes. Home Office The Home Office ( HO ), also known (especially in official papers and when referred to in Parliament) as
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#1733105362617660-512: Is not certain that the first time someone robs a bank they will be caught, if they continue to rob banks, they will most likely be caught. Few criminals are able to make a successful living out of bank robbery over the long run. Bank robberies are still fairly common and are indeed successful, although eventually many bank robbers are found and arrested. A report by the Federal Bureau of Investigation states that, among Category I serious crimes,
715-506: Is prosecuted. United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines for bank robbery gives long prison terms, which are usually further enhanced by the use or carrying of loaded firearms, prior criminal convictions, and the absence of parole from the federal prison system. As with any type of robbery, the fact that bank robbery is also inherently a violent crime typically causes corrections administrators to place imprisoned bank robbers in harsher high-security institutions. Bank robberies are often
770-518: Is the criminal act of stealing from a bank , specifically while bank employees and customers are subjected to force, violence, or a threat of violence . This refers to robbery of a bank branch or teller , as opposed to other bank-owned property, such as a train , armored car , or (historically) stagecoach . It is a federal crime in the United States . According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation 's Uniform Crime Reporting Program, robbery
825-744: The Home Department , is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom . It is responsible for immigration , security , and law and order . As such, it is responsible for policing in England and Wales, fire and rescue services in England, Border Force , visas and immigration , and the Security Service (MI5) . It is also in charge of government policy on security-related issues such as drugs , counterterrorism , and immigration . It
880-546: The Midwestern United States . Some considered him a dangerous criminal, while others idolized him as a present-day Robin Hood . He gained this latter reputation (and the nickname "Jackrabbit") for his graceful movements during bank heists, such as leaping over the counter (a movement he supposedly copied from the movies) and many narrow getaways from police. On July 22, 1934, FBI agents cornered Dillinger in an alley outside
935-529: The Norrmalmstorg robbery in Stockholm , Sweden. After their release, the hostages defended their captors and refused to testify against them. This led to an academic interest in a phenomenon soon after referred to as Stockholm syndrome , wherein hostages, during captivity, paradoxically form a sympathetic bond with their captors as a survival strategy. Stockholm syndrome is a "contested illness" due to doubt about
990-593: The Permanent Under-Secretary of State of the Home Office . The expenditure, administration, and policy of the Home Office are scrutinised by the Home Affairs Select Committee . The Home Office is headed by the Home Secretary , a Cabinet minister, supported by the department's senior civil servant, the permanent secretary . The Home Office comprises eleven directorates that help fulfil
1045-549: The Times , the 20th according to the Post ). Two men, James Honeyman and William J. Murray, entered the City Bank of New York using forged keys. This allowed them to empty the vault of more than $ 245,000 in bank money. According to the Times , it cannot be confirmed if this was a robbery or a burglary. The Post later corrected this claim upon learning of a previous 1798 robbery of $ 162,821 from
1100-414: The arrest rate for bank robbery in 2001 was second only to that of murder . Today most organized crime groups tend to make their money by other means, such as extortion , drug trafficking , gambling , prostitution , loan sharking , identity theft , or online scamming and phishing . A further factor making bank robbery unattractive for criminals in the United States is the severity with which it
1155-544: The " expropriation " of 241,000 rubles (approximately 3.96 million 2018 US dollars) by Bolsheviks organized by (among others) Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin . The first bank robbery in Denmark occurred August 18, 1913 in the bank Sparekassen for København og Omegn at Østerbro in Copenhagen . Two men, Danish salesman Lindorff Larsen and a German machinist Güttig, armed with revolvers, got away with 9000 Danish kroner. Güttig
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#17331053626171210-511: The Bank of Pennsylvania at Carpenters' Hall. The Carpenters' Hall theft also may not have technically been a robbery as there were no signs of force and the thief may have had a key. On September 14, 1828, five men tunneled through a sewage drain in George Street, Sydney and stole approximately £14,000 in promissory notes and coins from the vault of the Bank of Australia . It has been described as
1265-568: The Home Office had its offices in what is now the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Main Building on King Charles Street, off Whitehall . From 1978 to 2004, the Home Office was then located at 50 Queen Anne's Gate , a Brutalist office block in Westminster designed by Sir Basil Spence , close to St James's Park tube station . Many functions, however, were devolved to offices in other parts of London, and
1320-411: The Home Office to prove her sexuality. This resulted in her asylum bid gaining widespread support, with multiple petitions created in response, which gained hundreds of thousands of signatures combined. On 8 August 2017, after a thirteen-year legal battle and after a new appeal from Apata was scheduled for late July, she was granted refugee status in the United Kingdom by the Home Office. Until 1978,
1375-563: The Home Office. The initial responsibilities were: Responsibilities were subsequently changed over the years that followed: The Home Office retains a variety of functions that have not found a home elsewhere and sit oddly with the main law-and-order focus of the department, such as regulation of British Summer Time . On 18 July 2012, the Public and Commercial Services Union announced that thousands of Home Office employees would go on strike over jobs, pay and other issues. The union called off
1430-586: The Trenchcoat robberies. The two robbery convictions were later overturned. Kirkpatrick was sentenced to fifteen years and eight months in prison on August 19, 1999; he was Federal inmate # 15294-047 and was released on 1 July 2011. Bowman was sentenced to twenty-four years and six months in prison. Bowman was Federal inmate # 10431-045 and died while in prison at age 67 on 6 May 2011 per the Federal Bureau of Prisons website. Bank robbers Bank robbery
1485-524: The bank containing roughly five thousand pounds and escaped in a stolen vehicle. This was the first successful use of a getaway car in a bank robbery. On February 16, 1984, more than $ 160,000 was stolen from the Merchants and Farmers Bank and Trust Co. in Leesville, Louisiana using a stolen getaway helicopter. The 1920s and 1930s saw a significant increase in bank robberies in the United States. This led to
1540-481: The bank manager , but that is not always a successful idea as banks have often removed the manager's ability to open the vault. The police have new measures at their disposal to catch bank robbers, such as well-armed SWAT teams. Forensic identification techniques have also improved greatly; should a bank robber fire a gun, the police can trace the bullet to the exact firearm using ballistic fingerprinting . Martin Kemp , in
1595-670: The country, notably the headquarters of the Immigration and Nationality Directorate in Croydon. In 2005, the Home Office moved to a new main office designed by Sir Terry Farrell at 2 Marsham Street , Westminster, on the site of the demolished Marsham Towers building of the Department of the Environment . For external shots of its fictional Home Office, the TV series Spooks uses an aerial shot of
1650-837: The department's responsibilities. As of April 2024, the Home Office works with the following agencies and public bodies: In the financial year 2022-2023, the Home Office had a total budget of £20.3 billion. The Home Office ministers are as follows, with cabinet ministers in bold. King Charles III [REDACTED] William, Prince of Wales [REDACTED] Charles III ( King-in-Council ) [REDACTED] Starmer ministry ( L ) Keir Starmer ( L ) Angela Rayner ( L ) ( King-in-Parliament ) [REDACTED] Charles III [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Lord Reed The Lord Hodge Andrew Bailey Monetary Policy Committee The Department outlined its aims for this Parliament in its Business Plan, which
1705-697: The first armed bank robbery murder in US history. The crime is detailed in the historical fiction novel, Abel Bodied: Murder at the Malden Bank written by Michael Cloherty. On October 27, 1878, the Manhattan Savings Institution was robbed . It was the largest bank robbery in U.S. history. The heist known as the 1907 Tiflis bank robbery in June 1907 in the Russian Empire resulted in 40 deaths, 50 injuries, and
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1760-646: The first bank robbery in Australia and also the largest in Australian history. On December 15, 1863, Postmaster Edward Green walked into the First National Bank on Pleasant Street in Malden, Massachusetts , shot the 17-year-old bookkeeper, Frank Converse, and stole $ 3,000 in large bills and $ 2,000 in small bills. The directors of the bank offered a $ 6,000 reward for the arrest of the murderer. This has been described as
1815-407: The first film footage used to apprehend and identify bank robbers. The robbery occurred on April 12, when a 24-year-old male pointed a gun at a teller while his accomplice, an 18-year-old female, stuffed over $ 2,000 into a bag. A third accomplice drove the getaway car. The three were captured shortly after video footage of the robbery aired on national news . In 1973, four hostages were taken during
1870-624: The formation of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the designation " Public Enemy " for significant wanted criminals. This era saw the rise of famous gangs such as the Dillinger Gang , the Barrow Gang (1932–1934), and the Barker–Karpis gang . Other famous public enemies included Pretty Boy Floyd (Public Enemy No, 1 in 1934) and Machine Gun Kelly . In 1957, security cameras installed at St. Clair Savings and Loan in Cleveland recorded
1925-430: The hold-up was recorded, 55% were committed by lone offenders, 25% by pairs, and 20% by three or more robbers. Unarmed offenders accounted for 28% of robberies, caused the fewest injuries to victims (one percent of all victims' injuries), were the type of robber who most often used a note to threaten bank staff (46% of all their robberies), and failed most often in their robbery attempts (33% failure). Unarmed gangs inflicted
1980-571: The legitimacy of the condition. George Leonidas Leslie (1842 – June 4, 1878) was involved in 80% of the bank robberies in the U.S. from 1869 to his death in 1878. He was involved in the Manhattan Savings Institution robbery. Jesse James (September 5, 1847 – April 3, 1882) was one of the most notorious bank robbers in American history. Ned Kelly (December 1854 – 11 November 1880), Australian bushranger and folk hero, pulled off
2035-444: The media are rare. The majority of bank robberies taking place today are so-called "note jobs." These are usually accomplished by simply passing a written note to the teller demanding money. The idea is to attract as little attention as possible. In most cases, other customers present in the bank during a robbery are unaware of what is occurring. Standard bank policy is to avoid violence as much as possible, so they will normally hand over
2090-452: The money and try to obey the robber's demands. The robber usually makes away with cash, but in small amounts. According to British Bankers' Association data, in 2007 there were 106 attempted or successful robberies in Britain in which an average of 1.6 persons were involved. One third of attempts came up empty while the average haul for a successful attempt was equivalent to US$ 46,600. Yet 20% of
2145-738: The money is." This is, in fact, a quote invented by the interviewer to make the story more interesting. However, when asked, Sutton did write this statement and autograph it for his physician, so in a sense it is accurate. In the 1920s, American banks added the security of alarm systems and concrete-reinforced, blast-proof vaults. Modern banks have implemented modern security measures, like motion-sensing and high resolution color security cameras , time-locked heavy vault doors, silent alarms, exploding dye packs , bait money , and GPS tracking devices. Some banks supplement this protection with armed or unarmed security guards . Today's biometric technology makes non-violent methods of gaining access, even by
2200-485: The most experienced safe hackers and code crackers, nearly impossible. Modern vaults and safes are also reinforced to the point that the amount of explosives needed to blow them open would likely create unwanted attention and run the risk of harming the building to the point of collapse. By their very nature, even the most impregnable vault or safe eventually needs to be able to be opened and closed by someone. To circumvent vault and safe security features, robbers often kidnap
2255-505: The most injuries to victims (51%) and failed the least in their robbery attempts (6% failure). Armed robbers used a disguise more often compared to unarmed robbers, with armed pairs employing disguises most often (59%). According to the Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics injuries occur in about two percent and a death occurs in less than one percent of all U.S. bank robberies. Violent takeover bank robberies that are often portrayed in
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2310-493: The number of bank robberies is higher than the number of branches. This has advantages both for bank robbers and for law enforcement . In urban areas the transportation infrastructure is more highly developed, especially where banks tend to cluster near retail shopping areas and commercial districts . Such banks are highly profitable targets for robbers, who are then afforded a number of potential escape routes. Law enforcement benefit by being able to respond more quickly, and
2365-437: The odds of catching a bank robber on or near the scene is higher than other types of crime. This is because most bank robberies are reported very quickly while the crime is in progress; most bank robberies occur during daylight hours, have multiple witnesses and with modern technology often produce photographic images that can be distributed and used immediately to canvass the local area. Consequently, many bank robbers are caught
2420-440: The same day. The clearance rate for bank robbery is among the highest of all crimes, at nearly 60%. The urban location of the crime also contributes to its repeat victimization profile, a measure of how quickly a crime victim will suffer a repeat of the original crime. One study carried out by the Home Office found that in England, one third of banks at which a robbery has occurred will be robbed again within three months, while
2475-457: The same study found that in Tallahassee, Florida , one quarter of robbed banks will suffer repeat robbery within a week, and over half of robbed banks will be robbed again within a month. The Australian Institute of Criminology analyzed trends in bank robbery over a four-year period. Of the 808 bank robbery incidents between January 1998 and May 2002 in which the number of offenders involved in
2530-547: The strike; it claimed the department had, consequent to the threat of actions, announced 1,100 new border jobs. The first allegations about the targeting of pre-1973 Caribbean migrants started in 2013. In 2018, the allegations were put to the Home Secretary in the House of Commons , and resulted in the resignation of the then Home Secretary. The Windrush scandal resulted in some British citizens being wrongly deported, along with
2585-521: The successes would later prove less than successful by virtue of the robbers being arrested. Under federal law, bank robbery in the United States is defined, and made illegal, primarily by the bank robbery statute in 18 U.S.C. § 2113 states. According to The New York Times and the Saturday Evening Post , the first bank robbery in the United States occurred in March 1831 (the 19th according to
2640-570: Was a Canadian bank robber and leader of the Boyd Gang , which pulled off a string of heists, including the largest in Toronto history. Clarence Anglin , and brother John Anglin , the infamous Alcatraz escapees, robbed a bank in Alabama. In the early 20th century, Willie Sutton (June 30, 1901 – November 2, 1980) was asked why he robbed banks, and he was famously reported as answering: "Because that's where
2695-602: Was arrested August 30 and Lindorff Larsen committed suicide after having fled the police. Bank robbery is commonly associated with the American Old West due to a few infamous examples and portrayal in fiction. The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE) in their research, found the scene of the Western bank-robbery to be generally a myth, identifying less than 10 definite bank robberies between 1859 and 1900 across 15 frontier states. Grunge.com pointed out that FEE's research
2750-441: Was arrested and charged with aiding and abetting after trying to post Kirkpatrick's bail. She then told police that his partner was a man named Ray. Ray Bowman was arrested after a search of his house turned up guns, money and other evidence. The statute of limitations had expired for many of their robberies by the time they were arrested. Two men had earlier been arrested for allegedly robbing an armored car and charged with two of
2805-788: Was conducted before many states and the Library of Congress began publishing historical newspapers online, and while bank robberies in the Old West were still uncommon, there were many more than previously assessed. On February 13, 1866, several men believed to be members of the James-Younger Gang robbed the Clay County Savings Association in Liberty, Missouri , shooting to death an innocent street bystander, 17-year-old student George Clifford "Jolly" Wymore, and escaping with $ 60,000. This
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#17331053626172860-586: Was formerly responsible for His Majesty's Prison Service and the National Probation Service , but these have been transferred to the Ministry of Justice . The Cabinet minister responsible for the department is the Home Secretary , a post considered one of the Great Offices of State ; it has been held by Yvette Cooper since July 2024. The Home Office is managed from day to day by a civil servant ,
2915-530: Was published in May 2011, and superseded its Structural Reform Plan. The plan said the department will: The Home Office publishes progress against the plan on the 10 Downing Street website. On 27 March 1782 ; 242 years ago ( 1782-03-27 ) , the Home Office was formed by renaming the existing Southern Department , with all existing staff transferring. On the same day, the Northern Department
2970-722: Was renamed the Foreign Office . To match the new names, there was a transferring of responsibilities between the two Departments of State. All domestic responsibilities (including colonies, previously administered under the Board of Trade ) were moved to the Home Office, and all foreign matters (including the administration of British protectorates ) became the concern of the Foreign Office. Most subsequently created domestic departments (excluding, for instance, those dealing with education) have been formed by splitting responsibilities away from
3025-555: Was the first successful daylight bank robbery during peacetime in the US. Previous robberies such as from the banks in St. Albans, Vermont more than a year earlier were perpetrated by Confederate soldiers , which some historians consider to be not robberies proper but acts of war . The August 29, 1909 edition of The Rich Hill Tribune contained a front-page news story entitled "Bank Robbers in Motor Car" and according to which two robbers used
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