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63-594: Mir Jumla II (1660–1663) built a fort to protect the northern entry of Dhaka during his reign as a Mughal subadar (1660–1663). The subadar also built a bridge over the river Turag . Mir Jumla constructed a road, now a part of the Dhaka-Mymensingh highway, that connected Tongi with Bag-e-Badshahi . It served as an axis of urban growth in the 19th and 20th centuries as sites for establishment of new urban settlements - Gulshan (formed in 1961), Banani (in 1964), Baridhara (in 1972) and Uttara (in 1965) - were picked off

126-497: A Sheikh ul Islam and general misgovernance in his country. One version from James Talboys Wheeler when he entered India region, Mir Jumla at first entered the service of Mughal empire as soldier, where he risen through ranks to the high post. However, due to being insulted by Dara Shikoh , designated heir of emperor Shah Jahan , he left the service. Mir Jumla also started his own diamond business and got involved in maritime commercial endeavours which increased his wealth. At

189-408: A British named Thomas Pratt to construct boats and making ammunition for riverine warfare Francisco Bethencourt and Catia Antunes has noted how Mir Jumla shared traits of Asian princes or potentates for his fondness for cannon weaponries, and how he is willing to employ European gunners such as crews of Ter Schelling ship. Koch Behar was a vassal state, but Raja Pran Narayan took advantage of

252-634: A battle north of Thatta . Thatta is reported by some historians to have been the ancient seaport of Debal that was mentioned by the Arab conquerors, though others place the seaport at the site of modern Karachi . At the time of the Umayyad conquests, small semi-nomadic tribes were living in the Sindh region. The Umayyad conquest introduced the religion of Islam into the hitherto mostly Hindu and Buddhist region. Following Mahmud of Ghazna 's invasion of Sindh in

315-532: A dynasty of feudal lords in upper Sindh, where they ruled since the middle 16th century. They eventually brought Thatta under their control in 1736, and divided the Sind into two partitions, Upper Sind (capital Shikarpur ) and Lower Sind, after which they moved the Lower Sind capital to Thatta from Siwistan , before eventually moving it to Hyderabad in 1789. A British factory was established there in 1758, but only lasted

378-560: A few years. Thatta continued to decline in the mid 18th century in importance as a trading centre throughout the 18th century, as much of the city's trading classes shifted to Nerunkot in northern Sindh, or to Gujarat . In 1739, however, following the Battle of Karnal , the Mughal province of Sindh was fully ceded to Nadir Shah of the Persian Empire , after which Thatta fell into neglect, as

441-576: A high of 200,000 a century before. Talpur rule ended in 1843 on the battlefield of Miani when General Charles James Napier captured the Sindh for the British Empire, and moved the capital of the Sindh from Hyderabad to Karachi. In 1847, Thatta was administered as part of the Bombay Presidency . In 1920, the estimated population of the city was 10,800. After the independence of Pakistan most of

504-465: A network of forts, which were necessary for public welfare , strategic purposes, and speedy dispatch of troops, equipment and ammunition . A fort at Tangi-Jamalpur guarded one of the roads connecting Dhaka with the northern districts; it is now known as the Mymensingh Road . The other road led eastward, connecting the capital city with Fatulla (old Dhapa), where there were two forts, and by extension

567-552: A peace treaty. The terms of treaty implied that the Ahom king or Swargadeo would accept Mughal rule and both the Swargadeo and the Tipam king would offer their daughters to the Mughal harem (The Ahom princess was Ramani Gabharu , the sole daughter of the then Swargadeo, Jayadhwaj Singha . She later became the daughter-in-law of Emperor Aurangzeb as Rahmat Banu Begum ). The Ahoms also had to pay

630-466: A remarkably long grave and bears testimony to the tall height of Mir Jumla. There are two more unidentified graves beside the tomb of Mir Jumla said to be of two Pirs, i.e. Turko-Persian Islamic preachers. It is recorded by François Bernier that the death of Mir Jumla were greatly mourned by peoples of Assam Mir Jumla's construction activities in Dhaka and its suburbs resulted in two roads, two bridges and

693-458: A settlement that has gone through various civilizations. Ḳāni , an 18th century scholar, gave two theories regarding the etymology of Thatta. The first theory suggests that Thatta is a distortion of ‘Teh Teh’ which refers to the migration of people from northern cities to Thatta. The second theory suggests that the name originates from thatt , the Sindhi term for a place of gathering. Thatta may be

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756-489: A war indemnity and an annual tribute of 20 elephants. They also had to cede the western half of their kingdom from Guwahati to Manas river. Mir Jumla died on his way back from the Assamese territory on 30 March 1663. His tomb located on a small hillock at Mankachar, Assam has been maintained over the centuries. It is near Garo Hills in the northeastern Indian state of  Assam bordering Meghalaya. The tomb reflects

819-796: A wazir of a powerless master to a position of unchecked power and wealth. Naturally many officers in the Qutub Shahi court felt jealous of him and they naturally positioned the mind of the sultan against the Wazir. So the sultan demanded a portion of loot obtained by Mir Jumla in the karnatak which Mir Jumla flatly refused as he thought that the conquest was solely his work and the sultan had no part in to take it. At some point, The Sultan of Golconda conspired with other courtiers to capture and blind Mir Jumla, which Mir Jumla immediately aware of, thus prompting him to began to look for other options of service. Prince Aurangzeb , which has passionate ambition of conquering

882-729: Is a part of the Dhaka Division . Geologically, the Tongi area comprises the southern extension of the Madhupur tract , a long narrow tract of tectonically elevated area of older sediments only a few metres above the surrounding rivers the Turag. Locally, the Tract is subdivided into the Bhawal Garh terrace which is a part of an inlier, an elevated area surrounded by lowlands by very young riverine sediments occupying

945-518: Is characterized by mangrove forests in the coastal region, with tropical-thorny shrubs elsewhere. Thatta is believed to be the birthplace of Ishta dev of Sindhi Hindus " Jhulelal ". Thatta has a hot semi-arid climate . The average annual rainfall is 325 mm (12.8 in), The average annual temperature in Thatta is 26.8 °C (80.2 °F). Last 10 years monsoon rains in Thatta were recorded as: An association football club, Jeay Laal ,

1008-457: Is reported that this is due to his effort of returning Babur's diamond to the Mughal possession. He also granted the command of 6000 Mughal cavalry, residence near Agra Fort , precious stones, 200 horses, 10 elephants, as well as 500000 rupees payment in cash. As a bonus, he also granted a fiefdom in Karnataka for seven years, without obligation to pay any tribute. Mir Jumla met and befriended

1071-532: Is richly embellished with decorative tiles, and is considered to have the most elaborate display of tile work in the South Asia . Thatta refers to riverside settlements. Villagers in the rural areas of lower Sindh often refer to the city as Thatta Nagar , or simply Nagar . The name of Thatta, one of the oldest towns, was derived from the Persian term Tah-Tah which literally means "layer over layer", signifying

1134-732: The Qutub Shahi court, and by the 23 June, The sultan conferred the title of Sar-i-Khail (Lord of the Horses) on him . The furthest extent of the kingdom during was Cumbam near Kadapa district, where Mir Jumla occupied a forts in Gandikota . In 1639, Mir Jumla was appointed as Nawab , thus increasing his importance in the eyes of the British company, as they further presented him with gifts, lending men, and traded on his behalf to keep him satisfied. The president of Bantam Presidency saw this as necessity as

1197-601: The site of ancient Patala , the main port on the Indus in the time of Alexander the Great , though the site of Patala has been subject to much debate. Before it, Hindus called it Sarnee Nagar , but in 332 BC, Greeks first time called it Pattala or Patala then it became Nagar Tatta in Mughal Period . Muhammad bin Qasim captured the region in 711 CE after the defeating the local Raja in

1260-734: The 13th century, though Thatta and the Indus Delta remained their last bastions of power until the mid 14th century. In 1351, the Samma Dynasty , of Rajput descent from Sehwan , seized the city and made it their capital as well. It was during this time that the Makli Necropolis rose to prominence as a funerary site. Muhammad bin Tughluq died in 1351 during a campaign to capture Thatta. Firuz Shah Tughlaq unsuccessfully attempted to subjugate Thatta twice; once in 1361 and again in 1365. In 1520,

1323-709: The 1600s, shifting its course further east and leading to the abandonment of the city as a seaport. Despite the abandonment of the city's port functions, its Hindu merchants continued to play an important role in trade, and began using their own ships rather than relying on European ships for trade. Traders were particularly active in the region around Masqat , in modern Oman , and members of Thatta's Bhatia caste established Masqat's first Hindu temple during this period. Sindh remained an important economic centre during this period as well, and Thatta remained Sindh's largest economic centre, and its largest centre for textile production. The Kalhora dynasty began to gain influence as

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1386-467: The 1970s under the rule of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto , Thatta's monuments were restored and some industry was relocated to Thatta. Thatta's geology is characterized by volcanic and sedimentary rocks that are similar to those in the Indus plain, and Thar Desert . Soil types in the region are silty, with some clay as well. Much of the soil is exposed to salinization from the Arabian Sea . Vegetation in Thatta

1449-560: The 6 Hindu idols that belonged to the temple of Gondikota. Later in his letter to Khalifa I Sultan, The Wazir of the Safavid sultan Shah Abbas II he said: By God's grace and the Padshah's luck, The Banner of Islam has been flown over the Infidel Karnatak and that of Hinduism has been brought down. The entire body of rebels and rajas have been brought under my fold. The Voice of Islam and

1512-778: The British interest. Mir Jumla continues to impose the extraction moneys from the British company officials by using the Firman mandate from the Sultanate of Golconda. This caused the Sultan to appoint Mir Jumla as chief minister, thus further causing him to become more influential in Golconda region that even the British officers and companies began to deal with Mir Jumla disregarding request from British President and council in Surat to confiscate properties belonging to Mir Jumla. Narayan Sarkar even noted that

1575-456: The East Coasts of India, as recorded by British journals to have employed european sailors to build ships. On 29 January 1647, British representatives Thomas Winter and Richard Hudson at Machilipatnam wrote to Surat that Mir Jumla has sent two of his ships which, where one of them is Junk ship made by British sailors, named Darya Dawla or River of wealth, . On 21 June 1637, He was summoned to

1638-573: The French traveller Jean-Baptiste Tavernier after his defection into Mughal side. who testify that Mir Jumla were a prominent governor of Mughal empire under Aurangzeb. Tavernier advised Mir Jumla that there is little market of diamonds in europe at that time, thus prompting Mir Jumla to command his diamond miners back for agricultural works. For naval operations such as during Assam campaign he employs Portuguese, English, and Dutch sailors to operate his 323 warships. Furthermore, Mir Jumla also employing

1701-583: The Golconda sultanates, he finally accept Mughal hegemony and wrote to the prince agreeing to join the Mughal service. On his accession to the throne, Aurangzeb entrusted Mir Jumla with the task of dealing with Shah Shuja , where the rebellious prince was defeated in the Battle of Khajwa and took to flight. Mir Jumla also manage to convince the Zamindar of Birbhum to join defect from Shuja force. Thus Mir Jumla continues to pursue Shah Shuja until his force reached Tanda . From Tanda to Dhaka (capital of

1764-553: The Indus river also began to silt. The city then came under the rule of the Talpur dynasty , who divided the Sind into three units Khairpur , Haiderabad , Mirpurkhas and seized Thatta from the Kalhoras . A second British comptoir was established during the Kalhora period in 1758, which operated until 1775. In the early 19th century Thatta had declined to a population of about 20,000, from

1827-522: The Nalahs (drains) swelled up to become big rivers. Many armies would have disintegrated under these circumstances but under Mir Jumla's magnificent leadership, the Mughal army held firm and remained on the offensive. But, the Mughals lost two thirds of the army due to lack of food and relentless attacks by Assamese shart shooters at night. After the rains were over, both Mir Jumla and the king of Assam agreed to sign

1890-674: The Samma ruler Jam Feroz was defeated by Shah Beg of the Arghun -Tarkhun dynasty, which in turn had been displaced from Afghanistan by the expanding Timurid Empire in Central Asia. The Tarkhuns fell into disarray in the mid-1500s, prompting Muhammad Isa Tarkhun (Mirza Isa Khan I) to seek aid from the Portuguese in 1555. 700 Portuguese soldiers arrived in 28 ships to determine, at the time of their arrival, that Isa Tarkhun had already emerged victorious from

1953-675: The Vijayanagara Empire, he was unable to conquer the fort of Gingee from the nayaks and in 1648, Gingee fell to the Adil Shahis. As a skilled financier, Mir Jumla employed Telugu Niyogi Brāhmaṇas to collect revenue, where he was able to collect 43 lakhs of Rupees from his domains which were rich in Diamonds , Iron , Saltpetre and Steel . By his enormous wealth, he was able to recruit Pathans , Rajputs , Afghans and Mughals in his campaign to Bijapur in 1652. During this year, Mir Jumla

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2016-555: The administration, which had become slack in the absence of Shuja during the war of succession, and disobedience and refractoriness had become prevalent. Reversing the action of Shuja who had transferred the capital to Rajmahal , he restored Dhaka to its former glory. He then paid attention to the administration of justice, dismissed dishonest Qazis (clerics and judges) and Mir Adils and replaced them with honest persons . Finally Mir Jumla manage to pacify Hijli. Later, Mir Jumla further promoted as Diwan al-Kul , or Grand vizier .' It

2079-612: The campaign and the life during the times was presented by the Venetian adventurer Niccolao Manucci in his memoirs Storia do Mogor , referencing French historian François Catrou . Manucci also got acquainted with a Mughal Navy officer of British descent during the same period named Thomas Pratte . Pratte was appointed by Mir Jumla as an officer in the Mughal navy and used to collect war boats and procure gunpowder necessary for naval warfare. In less than six weeks' time, since his starting from Guwahati , Mir Jumla conquered up to Garhgaon ,

2142-515: The capital of Assam, in March 17 1662. from this campaign, Mir Jumla captured 100 elephants, 300000 coins, 8000 shields, 1000 ships, and 173 massive rice stores. Beyond the Assam region, there was full of high hills and mountains, inaccessible for horses and troops, where the Ahom king took shelter. During the rains, the Mughals were locked in a few raised grounds, the roads were submerged, the streams and even

2205-553: The city's Hindu population, though like much of Sindh, migrated to India, Thatta did not experience the widespread rioting that occurred in Punjab and Bengal . In all, less than 500 Hindu were killed in all of Sindh between 1947 and 1948 as Sindhi Muslims largely resisted calls to turn against their Hindu neighbours. Hindus did not flee Thatta en masse until riots erupted in Karachi on 6 January 1948, which sowed fear in Sindh's Hindus. In

2268-504: The conflict. After the Tarkhuns refused to pay the Portuguese soldiers, the Portuguese plundered the town, robbing its enormous gold treasury, and killing many inhabitants. Despite the 1557 Sack of Thatta , the 16th century Portuguese historian Diogo do Couto described Thatta as one of the richest cities of the Orient. Nevertheless, some Portuguese presence was early in the 16th century with

2331-409: The conquest of Hormuz by Afonso de Albuquerque in 1507, which started the relationship with Sindi. Later in the first decade of the 16th century, traders created a factory ( feitoria ), and at the end of the 16th century a religious Order (Carmelitas Descalços) Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites a convent. The city was destroyed by Mirza Jani Beg in the 16th century. Beginning in 1592 during

2394-494: The country and fled towards the hills. Koch Behar was occupied in about one month and a half and making administrative arrangements there, Mir Jumla came to join the advance party towards Kamrup. The king of Assam was prudent enough to evacuate Kamrup, but Mir Jumla decided to conquer Assam also. Mir Jumla took 12,000 cavalry, 30,000 infantry, and a fleet of 323 ships and boats up river towards Assam—the naval contingent comprised Portuguese, English, and Dutch sailors. An account of

2457-457: The dutch settlement at Pulicat until the Dutch offered submission to him. He further advanced and laid siege to the fort of Vellore . By April 1647, the king offered submission to him and promised to pay him tribute. In 1650, Mir Jumla conquered the nearly inaccessible Gandikota fort from Timma Nayadu with the help of European Gunners . Although there was success in conquering former lands of

2520-633: The early 11th century, the Ghaznavids installed Abdul Razzaq as Governor of Thatta in 1026. Under the rule of the Ghaznavids the local chieftain Ibn Sumar, then ruler of Multan , seized power in Sindh and founded the Sumra dynasty , which ruled from Thatta from 1051 for the next 300 years. Under Sumra rule, Thatta's Ismaili Shia population was granted special protection. The Sumra dynasty began to decline in power by

2583-528: The government in order to stimulate industry. Tongi has a bordering river called the Turag River , it is very actively used by the local commuters and traders. The annual Bishwa Ijtema is also held in Tongi beside the banks of Turag River. There are two thanas in Tongi – Tongi East and Tongi West Thana. The newly constructed Tongi Diversion Road forms another important artery of the road network leading to Dhaka. The Narayanganj–Dhaka–Mymensingh State railway

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2646-550: The highlands along that axis road. In 1786, Tongi-Jamalpur was designated as the northern boundary of Dhaka by the East India Company , reaffirmed by John Taylor, the first English Commercial Resident of Dhaka in 1800. Tongi, a thana (police station) within the Gazipur Sadar Upazila along with Joydebpur since 1983, is located immediately north of Dhaka. It lies within the jurisdiction Gazipur District , which

2709-540: The lower Sindh. Thatta regained some of its prosperity with the arrival of European merchants. Between 1652 and 1660, the Dutch East India Company had a small trading post ( comptoir or factory) in Thatta. This competed with the English one, which was established in 1635 and closed in 1662. Thatta in the 1650s was noted to have 2,000 looms that produced cloth that was exported abroad to Asia and Portugal. Thatta

2772-484: The part of desecration of temples during Islamic rule . from 1653 to 1654, in one of prince Aurengzeb letters to Shah Jahan , he cites a report of his agent Mohammad Amin where Mir Jumla is said to have maintained a force of 9000 Cavalry, and 20000 infantry and his army were equipped with breeds of Iraqi and Arabian horse . With the governorship over the Karnataka domains, Mir Jumla exponentially transformed from

2835-645: The personal commercial enterprise of Mir Jumla has gradually became competitor of the East India Company. Mir Jumla had his own ships and organised merchant fleets in the 1640s that sailed throughout Surat , Thatta , Arakan , Ayuthya , Balasore , Aceh , Melaka , Johore , Bantam , Makassar , Ceylon , Bandar Abbas , Mecca , Jeddah , Basra , Aden , Masqat , Mocha and the Maldives . He effectively monopolized almost all trading activities to Iran. Mir Jumla also noted for his activities to construct ships in

2898-519: The practices of our saints have been spread here . In 1653, Rustam Beg a Havildar under Mir Jumla demolished the upper part of the temple at Poonamallee and erected a mosque over it. Based on this, Sita Ram Goel has listed the Poonamallee mosque along with other mosques built from materials of Hindu temples in his Hindu Temples What Happened to them? . Even Islamic scholar Richard M. Eaton , in his thesis on temple desecration also lists this temple as

2961-664: The present day Bangladesh ), where he arrived on 9 May 1660. The latter, however, had already left Dhaka, crossed the eastern border and ultimately found shelter with the king of Arakan (modern day Myanmar). Later, at the battle of Giria, Mir Jumla once again leading Aurangzeb army against the Elephant artillery of Shah Shuja. Soon after his arrival at Dhaka, Mir Jumla received the imperial farman (decree) appointing him subahdar (governor) of Bengal in recognition of his services and further honoured Mir Jumla with titles, rewards and increment of mansab (rank). He at once began reorganising

3024-478: The prospect of advancing his career, He brought presents to the Qutb Shahi Sultan of Golconda and bribed his way into the Sultan's court. Mir Jumla has presented numerous tributes from his trades to the sultan, such as rarities from Europe, cabinets from China, and elephants from Ceylon . Thus he managed to rise into the position of Vizier (Prime Minister) of the sultanate. As Mir Jumla raised through

3087-566: The ranks, sometime between February 1634 and December 1636, Mir Jumla was appointed as Sar-i-Khāil , or treasurer of the Golconda state, which he performed strictly to impose the golden Firman of the sultanate. His proficiency in service and administration were generally proved when he administered trade at the Port of Masulipatnam . His strictness drew ire from the English company factories in Machilipatnam as they saw Mir Jumla were detrimental to

3150-567: The reign of Emperor Akbar , Thatta was governed by the Mughal Empire based in Agra, which lead to a decline in the city's prosperity as some trade was shifted towards other Mughal ports. Shah Jahan , while still a prince, sought refuge in the city from his father Emperor Jahangir . In his reign, Thatta Subah was carved out of Subah of Multan , with provincial capital in Thatta. It consisted of modern Sindh. In 1626, Shah Jahan's 13th son, Lutfallah,

3213-549: The rich State of Golconda, was eager to opened a secret correspondence with Mir Jumla. He also sent an agent, Muhammad Mumin, and then sent a secret petition for appointment under the Emperor. At the recommendation of prince Aurangzeb, emperor Shah Jahan offered to Mir Jumla his protection. However, Mir Jumla feigned consent, and urged the Mughal Court to keep this agreement secret. As Aurangzeb assisted Mir Jumla from being captured by

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3276-515: The rival companies from Dutch, Portuguese, and Denmark, also showering Mir Jumla with gifts to gain his favor. In 1646, Mir Jumla decided to invade the Kingdom of Chandragiri . Mir Jumla conquered the forts of Udayagiri , advanced southwards along the coast, and conquering Chengleput in the process. Then Mir Jumla continued his conquest to capture the whole of Kadapa district and expanded as far as Tirupati and Sri Kalahasti . He also laid siege to

3339-470: The road could lead up to Khizrpur where two other forts were situated. The Pagla bridge lies on this road off Fatulla. Some parts of the roads and forts built by Mir Jumla are still extant. Thatta Thatta ( Sindhi : ٺٽو ‎ , IPA : [ʈ əʈːoː] ; Urdu : ٹھٹہ , IPA : [ʈ əʈːɑː] ) is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh . Thatta was the medieval capital of Sindh, and served as

3402-539: The seat of power for three successive dynasties. Its construction was ordered by Jam Nizamuddin II in 1495. Thatta's historic significance has yielded several monuments in and around the city. Thatta's Makli Necropolis , a UNESCO World Heritage Site , is site of one of the world's largest cemeteries and has numerous monumental tombs built between the 14th and 18th centuries designed in a syncretic funerary style characteristic of lower Sindh. The city's 17th century Shah Jahan Mosque

3465-659: The surrounding valleys. The older sediment sequence consists of sandstone of the Dupi Tila Formation overlain by Madhupur Clay , which in turn is overlain by alluvium. The elevation of the Tract varies from 2 to 14 m above mean sea level and it has shallow bedrock which forms a firm substrate for supporting large structures. Many of the people who live in Tongi commute to Dhaka each day, mainly by bus. Many people are also employed at factories in Export Processing Zones , areas given special tax and tariff exemptions by

3528-460: The vast merchant fleets enterprise which sailed throughout Surat , Thatta , Arakan , Ayuthya , Balasore , Aceh , Melaka , Johore , Bantam , Makassar , Ceylon , Bandar Abbas , Mecca , Jeddah , Basra , Aden , Masqat , Mocha and the Maldives . The most important aspect of Mir Jumla's rule in Bengal was his northeastern frontier military campaign, by which he conquered the frontier kingdoms of Kamrup (Kamarupa) and Assam . Mir Jumla

3591-399: The war of succession and shook off his allegiance. The Ahom king of Assam, Jayadhwaj Singha , occupied a part of Kamrup, which had earlier been integrated with the Bengal subah. Mir Jumla advanced with a large army and navy against the enemy; he sent the main body of the troops and the navy towards Kamrup, while he himself proceeded against Koch Behar. On his approach, Pran Narayan evacuated

3654-543: Was a military general, wealthy diamond trader, a Vizier of Golconda sultanate, and later a prominent subahdar of Bengal under the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb . Mir Jumla is a powerful politician that played important role in northern and Peninsular region of India during the reign of Shah Jahan to Aurangzeb , where he encountered multiple european nation companies interest in India, such as Danish East India Company , East India Company , Dutch East India Company , and Portuguese East India Company . He commanded

3717-406: Was also home to a thriving silk weaving industry, as well as leather products that were exported throughout South Asia. The city was considered by visiting Augustinian friars in the 1650s to be a wealthy city, though the presence of transgender hijras were taken as a sign of the city's supposed moral depravity. Thatta'a revival was short lived as the Indus River silted in the second half of

3780-557: Was born as Mir Mohammad Sayyid Ardistani in Safavid Iran in 1591 to a poor oil merchant of Isfahan , named Mirza Hazaru. Although his parents were extremely poor, he had the opportunity to learn letters which probably lead him to find a job as a clerk under a diamond merchant who had connections with the Golconda Sultanate (present day Hyderabad , India), a region that was famous for its diamond mines. He may have arrived in Golconda in 1630 (although some scholars have suggested alternative dates of 1615 or 1620), due to financial debts to

3843-447: Was born in Thatta. The city was almost destroyed by a devastating storm in 1637. As a token of gratitude for the hospitality he had received in the city while still a prince, Shah Jahan bestowed the Shah Jahan Mosque to the city in 1647 as part of the city's rebuilding efforts, although it was not completed until 1659 under the reign of his son Aurangzeb . Emperor Aurangzeb himself had also lived in Thatta for some time as governor of

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3906-527: Was opened in 1885–86. Tongi has a break of gauge junction station in the same name where the new cross country line across the Jamuna Bridge from the western section joins the eastern section. Tongi is situated on the bank of the river Turag, transport boats and cargo boats are also available here. Educational institutions in this area include: Shilmon Abdul Hakim Master High School Mir Jumla II Mir Jumla II (12 February 1591 – 30 March 1663), or Amir Jumla, also known as Ardistānī Mir Muhammad,

3969-410: Was tasked to govern Golconda the Hyderabad Karnatak kingdom nearly 40,000 square kilometers with annual revenues equivalent to four million rupees a year, while his military role also contribute greatly to his wealth. For the purpose of making 20 artillery pieces , he melted Hindu idols captured from temples with the help of his French Surgeon, Gunner and Gun founder M Claude Maille but was unable to melt

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