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107-983: (Redirected from Tom Neville ) Thomas Neville or variant spellings may refer to: Thomas Neville (died 1460) (c. 1429 – 1460), Yorkist captain during the early years of the Wars of the Roses Thomas Neville (died 1471) (1429–1471), rebel during the Wars of the Roses Thomas Nevill (c. 1484 – 1542), English Speaker of the House of Commons in 1515 Thomas Nevile (died 1615), English clergyman and academic Thomas Nevill (priest) (1901–1980), English Anglican priest and school teacher Tom Neville (hurler) (1939–2018), Irish retired hurler Tom Neville (offensive tackle) (born 1943), American football offensive tackle Tom Neville (guard) (1961–1998), former guard in

214-484: A Yorkist seizure of power would bring a favourable resolution of major inheritance disputes involving Warwick, and of a sporadically violent struggle for preeminence in the north between Salisbury and the Percys. They were also connected to York by marriage, as he had married Salisbury's sister Cecily ; their children included the future kings Edward IV and Richard III . In addition to their own wealth and armed following,

321-458: A compromise agreement . In the meantime, Lancastrian forces were regrouping in Yorkshire and raiding York's and Salisbury's estates and tenants. Thomas accompanied them when they marched out of London on 2 December 1460 to restore a semblance of order to the region; they arrived at York's Sandal Castle on the 21st of the month. It is possible that a Christmas truce was arranged. In any case, it

428-630: A Percy loyalist, in Knaresborough as part of an aggressive Neville demonstration of power in January 1454. With his brothers, John and Richard, as well as Salisbury, they faced the Earl of Northumberland and his sons at Topcliffe, North Yorkshire on 20 October 1453, although a negotiated peace averted battle. The Crown tried to settle the feud, but Griffiths has described its response as "futile". Rather than take decisive action, it relied on writing letters to both

535-538: A few months later, the Earl of Shrewsbury was instructed to arrest around 30 men in Nottinghamshire until they could provide sureties that they would "do no hurt" to Thomas. In May 1458, he accompanied John and Warwick to Calais —of which the latter was now captain—as part of a diplomatic delegation to address infringements of the truce with Burgundy . By 1459 the domestic political situation—tense and partisan despite

642-579: A legal battle to be recognised as heiress to all the remaining Neville inheritance. Ultimately, however, these lands were split between her and her first cousin Edward Nevill , who inherited the baronial title. Her son Francis Fane inherited through her the very old title of Baron le Despencer ; to him, the Neville family's senior title of Earl of Westmorland was recreated, and remains with his male-line descendants. Edward Nevill 's descendants were raised to

749-509: A letter to Pope Pius II of 11 January 1461, Warwick informed him of "events in England and of the destruction of some of my kinsmen in the battle against our enemies"; his kinsmen being his father Salisbury, his brother Thomas, his cousin Edmund, and his uncle, York, as well as in-laws , such as William, Lord Harrington , who had married Warwick's sister. Although Wakefield was a decisive blow for

856-621: A marriage settlement from the Earl and Countess of Salisbury in Easter 1454, Thomas and Maud received two-thirds of the Yorkshire manors of Catterick , Danby Wiske and Aldborough . He and Maud shared similar literary interests. Friedrichs has suggested that his "political and military adventures had included his wife, even to the point of battle", and he is known to have owned an early copy of Chaucer 's Canterbury Tales . They both inscribed as marginalia , "T. Nevyll" and "Mawd Wyllwghby". The historian Ralph A. Griffiths has suggested that

963-464: A quarter" of Salisbury's and Warwick's official salary, more recently, Henry Summerson has argued that the wardenship was probably "a source of particular profit", at least in times of peace. A few months later, he stood as surety for his uncle William, Lord Fauconberg 's good behaviour (who Hicks speculates may have been involved in piracy at this time). The year following the Nevilles' defeat of

1070-598: A small army; they confronted and defeated the King at the Battle of St Albans in May. Although Thomas's feud with the Percy sons was not directly connected to the battle, it was considered part of the general disorder. So, as part of the king's attempt to reconcile his divided nobility three years later, Salisbury entered into a bond for Thomas's good behaviour on 23 March 1458. Conversely,

1177-411: A vast church estate some limited common land of 14,000 acres (5,700 ha). This locality remained the principal seat of the family until 1569, their chief residence being at Raby in the north of the parish of Staindrop, where in the 14th century they built the present Raby Castle . Dolfin was succeeded by his son Meldred. He in turn was succeeded by his son Robert Fitz Meldred. Already before

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1284-591: A very different story". In 1449, Sir William Tailboys violently assaulted Cromwell outside the Star Chamber in Westminster Palace in an attempted kidnapping , while three years later ("another and more powerful enemy") Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter disputed Cromwell's rights to Ampthill Manor and seized it by force. Exeter also engineered the dismissal of Cromwell from the royal council with accusations of treason . Cromwell saw connecting his family to

1391-493: A wealthy heiress. She was also the niece and joint-heiress of Ralph, Lord Cromwell , one of the richest men in the kingdom, Cromwell was involved in feuds with two powerful men at this time; Friedrichs suggests that, while a man such as Cromwell could always expect to attract his share of enemies, previously he had been able to confront them in courts of law, mostly successfully. She continues though that "the political enemies he acquired in his later years   ... proved to be

1498-577: A year, for the king appeared to have recovered by February 1455. He immediately undid York's appointments. York and Salisbury retired to their far-flung estates. They wrote to Henry regarding their fear of political enemies, emphasising their loyalty to him. This was in spite of what they called the "doubtes and ambiguitees [and] jealousie" spread by their enemies. Henry and the Royal household left London in April 1455, and meanwhile, York and Salisbury marched south with

1605-417: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Thomas Neville (died 1460) Sir Thomas Neville ( c. 1429 – 1460) was a medieval English politician and soldier. The second son of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury , a major nobleman and magnate in the north of England , Sir Thomas played an active role in the violent disorder that wracked

1712-536: Is known that nine days later, York, his son Edmund, Earl of Rutland , Salisbury, Thomas, and many of their closest retainers led a sortie in strength to attack a Lancastrian army gathered near the castle. Details of the Battle of Wakefield are sparse, but the Yorkists—possibly outnumbered three to one—are known to have gone down to a crushing defeat. York died on the field. Rutland was probably knifed by Lord Clifford on Wakefield Bridge . Salisbury escaped but

1819-524: Is supported by any direct evidence. Meanwhile, Horace Round (1895) suggests that Uhtred may have been identical with the man of that name who was a son of Ligulf, a great Northumbrian thegn killed at Durham in 1080. Dolfin, called in the records "son of Uhtred", is first attested in 1129, as holding the manor of Staindrop (formerly Stainthorp) in County Durham, from the Prior of Durham . It shared with

1926-526: Is unclear, since the ancestors of Robert FitzMaldred first appear in surviving records only decades after the Norman Conquest of England (1066) and Domesday Book (1086), which did not cover County Durham. In the 16th century, the Nevilles claimed that their ancestor Uhtred was descended from Crinan of Dunkeld , ancestor of the Scottish royal House of Dunkeld . As well as prestigious ancient connections with

2033-409: Is unknown where Thomas was at the time, but he attended Cromwell's funeral. The complexity of Cromwell's affairs led to many legal machinations, and as husband to one of his only heirs, Thomas was extensively involved in negotiations. Cromwell had already made a will in 1451, which was mostly concerned with bequests for servants and several charitable institutions. The main difference between that and

2140-589: Is unknown, but the historian A. J. Pollard has argued that Thomas was his father's "direct representative" in the struggle. Friedrichs has called Thomas "combatative [ sic ] and landless", while the historian Simon Payling believes him to have been "vigorous and youthful". Thomas's opponent Thomas Percy, Lord Egremont was similarly described by R. L. Storey as "quarrelsome, violent and contemptuous of all authority" and by Pollard as "wild and belligerent". With his younger brother Sir Richard Percy and their retainers , they launched an opening assault on

2247-564: The Battle of Neville's Cross outside Durham and captured King David II in 1346. In the mid-14th century, the Nevilles became involved in naval defence as well, holding the post of Admiral of the North. During this period they also began to be appointed to high office at court and in the Church: the victor of Neville's Cross served as Steward of the Royal Household , and on his death was succeeded in

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2354-577: The Neville family 's growing local rivalry with the House of Percy . In the armed feud between both houses , which broke out in 1453 and lasted two years, Thomas and his brother John launched a series of raids, ambushes and skirmishes across Yorkshire against the Percy family. Historians describe the feud as setting the stage for the Wars of the Roses, the dynastic struggle between the houses of Lancaster and York for

2461-594: The royal council for attacking her house in Danby , near Eskdale , along with Sir Thomas Lumley . Maud complained that they and their men had hunted and shot deer in her park, but she was unable to do anything herself because the Nevilles and Lumleys were both powerful local families. Six years later, he was appointed joint steward of the Lancastrian Honour of Pontefract with his father and John. His first independent mention in government records came in 1448 when he

2568-606: The tincture reversed . Many years later, the chronicler John Warkworth , attempting to establish the reasons for Sir Robert Welles support of Warwick and Clarence in their rebellion against Edward IV, suggested that it was due to familial ties. The connection, supposedly, was Thomas Neville, in his capacity as a "short-lived" stepfather to Welles's wife. Hicks considered this a wholly inadequate explanation. Maud married again, to Sir Gervase Clifton . An unhappy marriage, it brought Clifton into conflict with powerful Yorkists such as Anthony Woodville and Humphrey Bourchier ; he

2675-507: The 1459 Parliament of Devils . Being imprisoned, he did not share Salisbury's and Warwick's exile in Calais . On their return the following year, he was released when Warwick and the future Edward IV together won the Battle of Northampton . When the Duke of York also returned from his exile and claimed the throne from Henry VI , it appears that it was Thomas who was personally responsible for informing

2782-590: The Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots . The rebellion was a fiasco, and the Earl of Westmorland, Charles Neville , fled into exile abroad. He was attainted in his absence, losing his title and lands. When he died in 1601 he left no male heir, thus extinguishing the senior Neville line. The Latimer branch of the family had also died out in 1577, but the Bergavenny line endured. After the death of Henry Nevill, 6th Baron Bergavenny in 1587, his daughter Mary Nevill(e) fought

2889-927: The Conqueror granted the Lordship of Middleham to his Breton cousin Alan Rufus , son of Odo, who built a wooden motte-and-bailey castle above the town. It has been dubbed the "Windsor of the North". By the time of the 1086 Domesday Book, Alan had passed the castle to his brother Ribald. The Middleham castle eventually passed to Ribald's descendant Geoffrey de Neville (died 1193), 2nd feudal baron of Ashby in Lincolnshire. At some time before 1176 he married Emma de Bulmer (d.1208), who brought to her husband several estates, including Brancepeth Castle in County Durham and Sheriff Hutton Castle near Bulmer, Raskelf and Sutton-in-the-Forest, all in Yorkshire. His second child and heiress

2996-526: The Duke of the Nevilles' collective disapproval of his plans. Thomas joined his father Salisbury's and York's army, and travelled to Yorkshire in December 1460 with the purpose of suppressing Lancastrian-inspired disorder. There he fought in the disastrous Battle of Wakefield , where the Yorkists went down to a crushing defeat. Thomas was killed in the fighting, and his head, alongside those of his father and uncle,

3103-621: The English throne, and Thomas played a large role in the Neville family's alliance with his uncle, Richard, Duke of York . Thomas took part in his father's battles, being present at the Battle of Blore Heath in September 1459, where he was captured with his younger brother John by the Lancastrians . As a result, he was imprisoned and later attainted along with his father, brothers, and the Yorkists at

3210-433: The King's two half-brothers, Edmund and Jasper Tudor , he was knighted by King Henry VI on 5 January 1453. With increasing tension between the Percys and Nevilles in the north, relations between the latter and the crown had come under strain, and his knighting may have been an attempt to ameliorate this. The king licensed Thomas Neville on 1 May 1453 to marry Maud Stanhope, the widow of Robert, Lord Willoughby and

3317-532: The Lancastrian cause, and following the death at Towton of Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland , and the final elimination of resistance in the north in 1464, the Nevilles secured their greatest triumph over their rivals, acquiring the earldom of Northumberland for John Neville in 1465. Warwick, now the richest man in England after the king, was the power behind the throne in Edward's regime during its early years, but

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3424-659: The National Football League Tom Neville (politician) (born 1975), Irish politician Tom Neville (musician) , British musician featured on With the Music I Die Thomas Neville of Brancepeth (born before 1439), father of Humphrey Neville of Brancepeth Fictional [ edit ] Tom Neville, a character in Revolution See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Thomas Neville [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

3531-498: The Neville heartlands of northern England—was probably based on a perceived political benefits to emphasising the Montagu connection. A "rich, pageant-filled affair", continued Saul, the ceremony was accompanied by the promulgation of an elaborate commemorative roll of arms , celebrating the Neville family's lineage. Neville is portrayed with his wife Maud, as well as his parents, brothers and their wives; he and Maud wear their Arms with

3638-494: The Neville marriage, the FitzMeldred family was a major power in the area: "In the extent of their landed possessions this family, holding on obdurately to native names for a full hundred years after 1066, was pre-eminent among the lay proprietors within the bishopric of Durham during the twelfth century". The Anglo-Norman Ancient House of de Nevilles traces back to Odo, Count of Penthièvre and his son Ribald. In 1069, William

3745-420: The Nevilles on 24 August 1453. They were returning to Yorkshire with Thomas's new bride after the wedding at Cromwell's Tattershall Castle, Lincolnshire . The Nevilles were ambushed at Heworth, York by a Percy force of possibly 5,000 men. This—effectively an assassination attempt —was the most violent incident between the families for many years. Although the respective sizes of the opposing forces are unknown,

3852-453: The Nevilles as a way of counterbalancing his enemies. The marriage cost him the massive sum of nearly £2,000 in loans to Salisbury: "the price the Nevilles could extract was a measure of Cromwell's desperation", argues the medievalist Rhoda Friedrichs. This money was divided between the earl, Thomas and his brothers. The marriage was designed by Salisbury to provide Thomas with an estate "of genuinely comital proportions", says Hicks. As

3959-417: The Nevilles of Raby, descended from Margaret Stafford, and the Nevilles of Middleham, descended from Joan Beaufort. In addition to his patrimonial inheritance, Ralph's eldest son by Joan, Richard Neville , acquired the earldom of Salisbury by marriage to its heiress. Salisbury's own eldest son Richard became Earl of Warwick by the same means. These marriages brought the family huge new estates. Those of

4066-411: The Nevilles would have had a substantial retinue with them. This encounter was the first in a series of skirmishes, assaults and numerous destructive episodes "of breaking and entering", which saw Thomas "in the thick of the fighting". In response, he and his brother John began actively seeking out Percy retainers and their property. They inflicted severe damage to the estates of Sir William Plumpton ,

4173-587: The Nevilles' heft in this and subsequent conflicts was enhanced by Warwick's position as Constable of Calais and commissioner for the keeping of the seas. These offices gave him command of England's only significant standing armed force and control of a war-fleet. They also enabled him to develop close ties with the London corporation of the Merchants of the Staple , a major source of financial support, and to gain popularity with

4280-479: The Nevilles' power in the north was matched only by the Percy Earls of Northumberland , with whom they developed an acrimonious rivalry . These competing northern magnates enjoyed an exceptional degree of autonomy from royal authority, owing to the remoteness and insecurity of the region where they were established. The king, whose court was based in the south, had to rely on powerful lords from both houses to protect

4387-409: The Nevilles, the royal marriage led to a serious split in the family. Earl Ralph had previously been married to Margaret de Stafford , and the title of Earl of Westmorland descended through his son by this marriage. However, he favoured his sons by his second marriage, who received the bulk of the family lands on his death. This led to bitter disputes over the inheritance and lasting estrangement between

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4494-593: The Norman Conquest, most of the existing Anglo-Saxon aristocracy of England were dispossessed and replaced by a new Norman ruling elite, and although such survivals are very rare, continued landholding by native families was more common in the far north of England, including in County Durham , the area of their earliest recorded landholdings. The male-line of the family can be traced back to a certain Uhtred, whose identity

4601-525: The Percys saw national politics become increasingly divided and factional. The King had been incapacitated since August 1453, but in April the Chancellor , John Kemp died. This bought matters to a head. Only the king could appoint a new chancellor, so a new head of government was required until Henry's recovery. The lords chose Richard, Duke of York as Lord Protector , who in turn chose Salisbury as his new chancellor. However, these arrangements only lasted

4708-627: The Sonnes of the said Erl of Salisbury & brother to the said Erl of Warrewic on that oth[er]e partie bereth winesse th[a]t the said Thomas is bilast and witholden toward the said Erles their leutenant of the said citee castell & marches aswel in tyme of paix as of warr. Government offices kept coming Thomas's way, and in 1457, he was appointed Chamberlain of the Exchequer , along with his fellow Cromwell co-heir, Bourchier. Later that year, his father and brother assigned Thomas their deputy—"lieutenant of

4815-475: The Yorkists, the war was not yet over; even after news of the defeat reached Edward, now Duke of York, he continued recruiting a large army in the Welsh Marches . In early February, he inflicted a heavy defeat on the royalists under Jasper Tudor at the Battle of Mortimer's Cross . Edward made his way to London, where he met Warwick. Edward was proclaimed King Edward IV on 4 March. The Lancastrians had retreated to

4922-439: The announcement of Thomas's marriage was the immediate cause of the feud with the Percys. Not only, says Griffiths, was any further Neville aggrandisement an anathema to the Percys, but the new Cromwell connection gave the Nevilles access to the ex-Percy manors of Wressle and Burwell . These had been granted to Cromwell in 1440 but the Percys still hoped to reclaim then. The Nevilles were one of four major landowners in

5029-456: The barony of Latimer through the marriage of the first Earl of Westmorland's father , later passed on to one of the first earl's younger sons, and the baronies of Fauconberg and Bergavenny through the marriages of two more of those sons. Salisbury and Warwick became the most important supporters of Richard, Duke of York during the early stages of the Wars of the Roses . They probably hoped that

5136-459: The border from Scottish invasion, counterbalance each other's influence, and help with general governance. Although the family had previously been close to Richard II, Earl Ralph was quick to join Henry Bolingbroke when he landed in England to overthrow Richard in 1399. Shortly after Bolingbroke's successful usurpation, taking the throne as Henry IV , Westmorland was rewarded with marriage to

5243-414: The considerable portion of Warwick's inherited possessions which had been entailed to heirs male, giving Bedford precedence over Warwick's daughters. However, in practice Bedford was denied his inheritance, while his engagement to Elizabeth of York was cancelled. He would eventually be deprived of his title by Act of Parliament in 1478, ostensibly on the grounds that he lacked the wealth required to maintain

5350-417: The conveying of the body and bones of the said earl and his son, the earl of Warwick, son and heir of the said earl, rode after the chariot. Lord Montague on the right side afoot, Lord Latimer, his son, on the left hand with many knights and squires afoot on every side to the number of sixteen; the earl's banner and standard came next and immediately after the chariot; and before the earl of Warwick, meeting with

5457-554: The core group of Middleham Nevilles led by Salisbury and Warwick. The regional power of the northern magnates, already severely weakened by the losses suffered in the Wars of the Roses, was further diminished by the growing power of central government in the 16th century. In 1569 the Nevilles and Percys buried their traditional rivalry to undertake the Revolt of the Northern Earls , an attempt to overthrow Elizabeth I and replace her with

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5564-425: The core of his wealth, and would have brought them vast wealth under the 1451 will. Its later iteration, however, greatly reduced the amount of land available to his heirs. Although they legally challenged the second will, they were unsuccessful in breaking it, and seem to have been reduced to arguing over goods and chattels , such as drapes and bedding that Maud claimed she had been promised. Legal disputation over

5671-525: The corpses a mile without the town, came two heralds and two kings of arms, bearing the coats of arms of the said earl at every corner of the chariot at which place they received the bodies and the bones so coffered... A collection of ordinances and regulations for the government of the Royal household , 20th-century transcription by Joel T. Rosenthal , first published by the Society of Antiquaries in 1790. In

5778-602: The day after Cromwell died , told him that "Master Neville, the which hath wedded my Lady have power or interest to receive the Lord of Willoughby's debts, then he to be laboured unto. And my Lord of Salisbury will be a great helper in this cause." Resolving the legal issues was a slow process. The couple did not receive a substantial portion of her inheritance until the next year when they gained lands worth around £1,000 yearly and an option on others worth £200 at purchase. The bulk of her inheritance comprised Cromwell's entitled estate,

5885-414: The discontented populace of London and the south-east, especially Kent , whom Warwick and his allies repeatedly stirred into revolt. York and Salisbury were both killed at the Battle of Wakefield in 1460, but Warwick helped York's son Edward, Earl of March, to depose Henry VI and gain the throne as Edward IV in 1461. Among the family's rewards for their support was the elevation of Salisbury's brother,

5992-663: The earldom of Warwick, inherited from the Beauchamp family, were concentrated chiefly in Warwickshire and Worcestershire , but with lesser holdings in County Durham, Devon , Cornwall and the Welsh Marches . The main Salisbury lands, formerly held by the Montagus, were widely distributed across the south-west, with clusters in Devon, Dorset , Somerset and Wiltshire . The family also acquired

6099-411: The earls and their younger sons, regardless of how willing—or able—the former were to control the latter. In the event, the feud continued for much of the next year with further violent encounters and only came to a halt with another battle at Salisbury's manor of Stamford Bridge , near York on 31 October 1454. Thomas and John confronted and decisively beat Egremont and Richard Percy, Thomas capturing

6206-452: The environment of the period. Not only was it "seriously divided" politically, but "the area was remote, exposed to Scottish attack, and impossible to control, at least by the government of Henry VI". By 1453, tension had turned to violence. It was not the two earls, as heads of their families, who were the cause, but their younger sons, who were responsible for its escalation. To what extent Salisbury may have been directing affairs from afar

6313-557: The estrangement between the two branches of the family, the Nevilles of Raby, headed by Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmorland , had sided with the Lancastrians from the outset. Westmorland's brother John Neville, Lord of Raby was killed in the defeat at Towton. The line of the Earls of Westmorland survived the wars, but the loss of most of the ancestral estates through their inheritance by the Nevilles of Middleham and their subsequent downfall left

6420-411: The exiled Lancastrians, marrying Warwick's daughter Anne to Henry VI's only son Edward of Westminster . When Warwick and other leaders of this alliance landed in England to raise revolt once more, they were backed by leading nobles still in England, including Montagu, who turned the troops he had nominally raised for Edward IV against the king. Edward fled the country and Henry VI was briefly restored to

6527-454: The exiles had returned in May the following year and defeated a royal army at the Battle of Northampton that June. Released into the temporary protection of Thomas, Lord Stanley , he was soon appointed to several important offices. On 22 August, he joined his father as Keeper of the Royal Mews , responsible for the royal aviary. His indenture of service recorded his authority To purvey

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6634-558: The family a much diminished force. Junior lines of the Middleham Nevilles also survived, including the holders of the Latimer and Bergavenny baronies, based, respectively, at Snape and at Abergavenny Castle . Edward Neville, Lord Bergavenny had for many years been forcibly deprived of his inheritance by his nephew the Earl of Warwick. During the wars, each of these lines of the family had fought sometimes alongside and sometimes against

6741-401: The holdings in County Durham, in north-western Yorkshire, and in central Yorkshire. Towards the end of the 14th century, Middleham became a second habitual residence of the head of the family. The Nevilles' emergence into the highest echelon of the aristocracy received formal recognition in 1397, when the Lord of Raby Ralph Neville was created Earl of Westmorland by Richard II. By this time

6848-573: The king and sought to rule in his name, but the new regime was unable to impose its authority, and Edward was released. The king refrained from punishing the rebels, but sought to reestablish a northern counterweight to the Nevilles by restoring the earldom of Northumberland to the dispossessed heir, Henry Percy . This meant depriving John Neville, who had remained loyal to the king when his brothers rebelled, of his title, lands and offices. Edward sought to retain John's allegiance by compensating him with estates in

6955-488: The king's efforts at reconciliation—had descended into outright civil war . When Salisbury marched south from his castle at Middleham in September to join up with the Duke of York at Ludlow , Thomas and John marched with him in a 5,000-strong army. On 23 September 1459, they encountered a larger royal force at Blore Heath , which Salisbury defeated, killing its leader, James Tuchet, Baron Audley . Thomas and John were captured at Acton Bridge , near Tarporley, Cheshire ,

7062-409: The king's right prises of falcons , goshawks , sakers , sakerets, 'laners', lanerets and gyrfalcons for sale through the realm, paying 20 s for a falcon, 10s for a tercel gentle, 13s 1 d for a goshawk , and 6s 5d each for the tercel of a goshawk, saker, laners and laneret. This was part of the Nevilles' policy of filling the positions of political importance with their own sympathisers. Thomas

7169-962: The late 14th century, the family had acquired an extensive array of estates across northern England. Besides their original powerbase in County Durham, they possessed a large block of lands in northern and central Yorkshire and significant holdings in Cumberland and Northumberland . They also held scattered estates in Lancashire and further south in Lincolnshire , Norfolk , Northamptonshire , Bedfordshire and Essex . In addition to Raby, they acquired or built important castles at Brancepeth near Durham and at Middleham , Sheriff Hutton and Snape in Yorkshire. Although geographically concentrated, their main estates were organised into three different administrative units (receiverships), based at Raby, Middleham and Sheriff Hutton. These were respectively responsible for

7276-504: The latter as they attempted to escape. Maud's mother, Margaret had died in September 1454. Thomas's uncle-in-law, Lord Cromwell, had written his first will in 1451, but, probably unknown to his nieces or their husbands, he had re-written it three years later. The first will was extremely favourable to Maud; the second not nearly so, leaving them only 500 marks each and limited manors. Cromwell died on 4 January 1457, "richer than Fastolf and with even more claims against his estate". It

7383-532: The lords that York had evicted the King from his lodgings. York responded merely that he was intent on being crowned three days later. The lords slept on this, and then sent Thomas back that morning, where he found York preparing for his coronation. Thomas informed the duke that his position was untenable "to both lords and people". Although what was said between Thomas and the duke remains unknown, argues Johnson, his "mandate must have been both blunt and bluntly delivered", as—whatever Thomas had said—York acquiesced to

7490-406: The money given to any charity the executors chose. Of all his holdings only the entailed lands were to go to the heirs. She also argues that husband and wife "expected more and clearly felt justly entitled to more". She suggests that Thomas−following the "assumption that possession was nine-tenths of the law " —deliberately filed the 1451 will for probate . While the later will was known about, it

7597-487: The most important politicians in the kingdom, earned himself the soubriquet " Kingmaker "; John became Marquess of Montagu and defender of the North ; George, the youngest, had a career in the Church, becoming Archbishop of York . The historian Michael Hicks suggests that seeing how closely the brothers cooperated as adults, they were probably close as children. In 1439, Maud, Countess of Cambridge, reported Thomas to

7704-461: The new king's half-sister Joan Beaufort , daughter of prince John of Gaunt , Duke of Lancaster. Henry extended Richard II's policy of bolstering the strength of the Nevilles as a check to the troublesome Percys. The family gained from the weakening of Percy power as a result of the Crown's suppression of a series of rebellions involving that family in the 1400s. While increasing the political standing of

7811-548: The next day. Hicks has suggested that this was due to his being wounded in battle and sent home; it is also possible that they ventured too far from the main army in pursuit of fleeing Lancastrians. In any case, they were imprisoned in Chester Castle for the next nine months. Their capture endangered Salisbury's strategy: not only did he lose valuable support, but he was forced to linger longer at Market Drayton than he would otherwise have done. Due to his imprisonment, he

7918-407: The north during the 1450s. He also took his father's side in the early years of the Wars of the Roses . Thomas was a younger brother of the more famous Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick , the ' Kingmaker '. Thomas worked closely with them both in administering the region for the Crown and became a leading player in the turbulent regional politics of northern England in the early 1450s, especially in

8025-485: The north, along with Richard, 3rd Duke of York , the Crown (as Duke of Lancaster ), and the Percy family , who were the earls of Northumberland . York and the King, however, were effectively absentee landlords ; the two main families were the Nevilles and Percys. Although the families had cooperated in defence of the border with Scotland for 30 years, relations were often tense. The medievalist Bertie Wilkinson has described

8132-406: The north, establishing his claim by marrying Anne Neville, who had been widowed by Prince Edward's death in the final Lancastrian defeat at the Battle of Tewkesbury in 1471. The northern lands and clientage inherited from the Nevilles became Gloucester's main powerbase, and he adopted Middleham Castle as his principal residence until his usurpation of the throne as Richard III in 1483. Reflecting

8239-435: The north, however, and still posed a threat to the new regime. Accordingly, Edward raised a large army and followed them. On 29 March 1461, the two forces clashed at Towton in what the armourist Christopher Gravett has called "probably the largest and bloodiest battle on English soil". The result was a decisive victory for the Yorkists. Edward entered York in triumph the following day. The remains of Thomas Neville and

8346-407: The office by his eldest son John . John's brother Alexander Neville became Archbishop of York and was a close advisor of Richard II . As such, he was prosecuted, along with Richard's other leading adherents, when the disgruntled Lords Appellant seized power in 1386–9. He suffered the confiscation of his property but, as a clergyman, he escaped the death sentences imposed on his colleagues. By

8453-803: The other dead of Wakefield were removed from the Micklegate Bar and buried at the Dominican Priory in York. Thomas Neville's "bod[y] and bones" were reinterred in the Montagu mausoleum of Bisham Priory , Buckinghamshire with his father on 15 February 1463, a date occasioned by the death and burial there of his mother Alice in December the previous year. In a chariot drawn by six horses, accompanied by Warwick and John, Thomas and their father's bodies were conveyed south from Pontefract. They were met by another Neville brother, George, Bishop of Exeter , who conducted

8560-470: The reign of Henry III , whom Robert supported against the barons under Simon de Montfort . The Nevilles also held administrative office under the prince-bishops of Durham . Robert's grandson Ralph Neville was one of the founding members of the Peerage of England , being summoned to sit in the House of Lords at its establishment in 1295, and thus initiating the line of Barons Neville de Raby . Service in

8667-425: The remaining heir, Bourchier, to the barony a month later. House of Neville The great Neville family traces its origins to Geoffrey "de Neville" (d.circa 1242), the son of Robert FitzMaldred and Isabel de Neville, who adopted the family name of his mother. The male line of the Nevilles was of native origin, and the family may well have been part of the pre-Conquest aristocracy of Northumbria . Following

8774-553: The rest of their adversaryes"—where they were displayed above the gates. The interment of the Earl of Salisbury at Breshall [Bisham], in the shire of Buckingham the fifteenth day of February in the second year of King Edward the Fourth, and of Sir Thomas his son, in two coffins, in one chariot with six horses in trappings, the first in St George's arms, the other covered in black, a banner of St George before him, and two behind. First, before

8881-462: The royal families of both England and Scotland , this claim entailed a line of descent from the Bamburgh dynasty of Earls of Northumbria , attaching the Nevilles' later power in the north to a pedigree of pre-eminence in the region stretching back at least as far as the early 10th century. Modern genealogists have speculated about theories to connect Uhtred with his purported forebears, but none of these

8988-460: The said city, castle and marches, as well in time of peace as of war" —on the West March towards Scotland, where they were joint Wardens . For this, he received a salary of 500 marks or £333 6s 8d, to be collected from the revenues of Penrith Castle ; Salisbury, though was to have a third of all ransoms taken in the event that war broke out. Although R. L. Storey suggests that this was "less than

9095-408: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Neville&oldid=1057775359 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

9202-433: The service. The historian Nigel Saul has described the occasion as a "dramatic act of family piety", involving flourishes such as the presentment of Baldachin cloth and other heraldic flourishes to the newly interred. It probably acted as the blueprint upon which Edward IV's reinternment of his father and brother in 1476 was based. Warwick's choice of Bisham for his father's and brother's final resting place—rather than

9309-464: The south-west, the new title of Marquess of Montagu , and the betrothal of his young son George Neville to the king's eldest daughter and current heir, Elizabeth of York . George was made Duke of Bedford in recognition of his future prospects. All this, however, evidently failed to mollify Montagu. Warwick and Clarence again rebelled in 1470, apparently aiming to put Clarence on the throne. Defeated, they fled abroad, where they made common cause with

9416-450: The standing of a duke. The legacy of the Middleham Nevilles instead became the object of dispute between King Edward's brothers: Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and Clarence, who had returned to the family fold before the Battle of Barnet. Clarence, whose claim was founded on his marriage to Isabel Neville, gained the earldoms of Warwick and Salisbury. Gloucester acquired the old Neville estates in

9523-501: The status of Earls and then Marquesses of Abergavenny . This line continues; the present head of the family is Christopher Nevill, the 6th Marquess . His family lands have been eroded through the passage of time (whether by subdivision or inheritance tax ), but the main home, at Eridge Park in East Sussex, has been in the family since 1448. John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby See also House of Neville , Template:Wars of

9630-418: The superseding will in 1454 was that—while they appeared superficially similar—the second will directed that the executors have discretion as to what institutions precisely benefitted. Friedrichs sums up the main provisions of the second will: Instead of vestments to a few churches and alms to poor tenants, Cromwell commanded that all his lands which were not entailed were to be sold to the highest bidder and

9737-538: The surprise of all, he immediately claimed the throne. The Nevilles were as set against his claim as every other member of the nobility. According to P. A. Johnson, both Edward of March and the Archbishop of Canterbury , Thomas Bourchier , refused to confront the Duke of York, so on two occasions, "Thomas Neville was sent instead". He evidently backed his father in his resistance to York's claims, and first met with York at Westminster Palace on 11 October, when word reached

9844-447: The throne, but Edward soon counter-attacked successfully, and Warwick and Montagu were killed at the Battle of Barnet in 1471. Warwick and Montagu were never formally attainted , which would have meant the forfeiture of their property. Nonetheless, the victorious Yorkists did not allow the process of inheritance to follow its normal legal course. Montagu's estates should have passed to his son George Neville, Duke of Bedford, along with

9951-807: The two men later fell out. Their estrangement was due in large part to the king's secret marriage in 1464 to Elizabeth Woodville . This humiliated Warwick, who had negotiated an agreement with Louis XI of France for Edward to marry the French king's sister-in-law. Relations were further aggravated by the subsequent influence of the Woodvilles, who successfully opposed Warwick over foreign policy. In 1469 Warwick seized control of government, in conjunction with his brother George Neville, Archbishop of York , and Edward's own brother George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence . Their alliance had been sealed by Clarence's marriage to Warwick's daughter Isabel . Warwick and Clarence imprisoned

10058-404: The veteran soldier William Neville, Lord Fauconberg , as Earl of Kent . He, Warwick, and Salisbury's younger son John Neville , now ennobled as Baron Montagu , directed the suppression of lingering Lancastrian resistance in the north, where the ousted dynasty clung on for three years after their decisive defeat at the Battle of Towton in 1461. The Percys were among the principal supporters of

10165-551: The wars of the late 13th and 14th centuries against Scotland, and later in the Hundred Years' War in France was of key importance in further enhancing the family's standing. In 1334 Ralph Neville, Lord of Raby was appointed one of the wardens of the marches , the chief officers for frontier defence, and the Nevilles were habitually appointed to these posts thereafter. Ralph commanded the force that crushed an invading Scottish army at

10272-446: The will continued until the 1470s. Ultimately, commented Friedrichs, Thomas was never able to create a major political powerbase from Cromwell's wealth. This indenture made bitwen Richard Earl of Salisbury & Richard Erl of Warrewic wardens of the cite & castell of Carlisle & of the West m[ar]ches of England foruenst Scotland on that oon p[ar]tie And Thom[a]s Neville knyght oon of

10379-556: Was Robert de Neville , Sheriff of Yorkshire and Sheriff of Northumberland (1258). Other children include Geoffrey—who was to start a cadet branch of the family in Hornby, Lancashire —John, and Hugh. The identity of the mother, however, is disputed among scholars. A. F. Pollard , for example, writing in the Dictionary of National Biography in 1894 suggested that she was Margaret, daughter of Sir John de Longvillers. However, this Margaret

10486-470: Was Isabel de Neville (d.1248/54), who married Robert FitzMaldred (1170/4-1242/8). Geoffrey "de Neville" (d. c. 1242) inherited the estates of his mother's family as well as his father's, and adopted his mother's surname, but retained his paternal arms of Gules, a saltire argent . In Norman-ruled England, a Norman surname was more prestigious and socially advantageous than his original English surname FitzRobert. Geoffrey de Neville's eldest son and heir

10593-530: Was also commissioned to arrest and imprison any who disturbed the peace, and received grants of Duchy of Lancaster estates at the same time, particularly in the Midlands , where he began to establish his own authority. When the Duke of York returned from Dublin in late September 1460, he slowly made his way to Westminster to meet the king and his peers—gathered for a forthcoming parliament—and arrived in October. To

10700-418: Was beheaded after the Battle of Tewkesbury , also in rebellion against King Edward. She lived until 30 August 1497, —a "wealthy and formidab;e widow" —but her connection with the Nevilles seems to have ended with the death of Thomas. The Barony of Cromwell, which was entailed in the male line , could not be split between two female heirs, but Thomas's death at Wakefield effectively freed the crown to elevate

10807-449: Was captured and later executed at Pontefract Castle . Contemporaries report that Thomas died in battle. He was, says the Croyland chronicler , "without mercy or respect, relentlessly slain", while William Worcester wrote that he was "slain in the field" after around half an hour's fighting. Their heads were put upon stakes and taken to York—"for a spectacle to the people and a terror to

10914-418: Was impaled above one of the gates of the city of York . Thomas Neville was the second son of Richard Neville (1400–1460) and his wife Alice Montagu, 5th Countess of Salisbury (c. 1406–1462). He was probably born soon after his elder brother Richard in 1428, and certainly before 1432, by when his parents had had two more sons, John and George . Richard was to become Earl of Warwick , and, as one of

11021-578: Was made steward of the Bishopric of Durham by his uncle, Robert, the Bishop . For this, he received wages of £ 20 per annum from diocesan revenues. His father appointed him his Steward of Bolton in 1450, and he became Sheriff of Glamorgan the same year, in which capacity he witnessed a charter of Warwick's on 12 March 1451. Warwick also appointed him to assist in the management of his Warwickshire estates , for which Thomas received an annuity . Alongside

11128-510: Was married until 1285, and there is evidence from a Lincolnshire fine of 1247 which refers to one Robert de Neville, knight, and his mother, Joan. The family's wealth and power grew steadily over the following centuries. Their regional power benefited greatly from frequent appointment to such royal offices as sheriff , castellan , justice of the forest, and justice of the peace in various parts of northern England. This prominent office-holding began with Geoffrey de Neville's son Robert, in

11235-598: Was not present when the Yorkist army was routed at Ludford Bridge less than three weeks after Blore Heath. Following the rout, York went into exile in Dublin , while Thomas's father, brother Warwick and York's eldest son, Edward of March , took refuge in Calais. Thomas was attainted in the Parliament of Devils in October 1459 along with the rest of his family. He was not released until

11342-498: Was possible that if the earlier will could be proved first, it would be harder for the manors gained from it to be legally repossessed, regardless of the later will. He also took paralegal action and took physical possession, backed by arms, of all he could. He and his fellow heir jure uxoris , Bourchier, illegally expelled Cromwell's feoffees from several manors in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire in December 1457, and Thomas

11449-403: Was still holding 35 manors—taken "by strong hand"—in September 1459. Cromwell's executors later claimed that over £2,000 worth of goods, cash and food had been stolen from Tattershall on the day of the funeral. There seems to have been an expectation by contemporaries that Thomas would receive the support of his father in pursuing his case. John Fastolf , for example, writing to John Paston

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