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85-510: Tokyo Dome ( 東京ドーム , Tōkyō Dōmu ) is an indoor stadium in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan . It was designed as a baseball stadium following its predecessor, Korakuen Stadium (whose former site is now occupied by the Tokyo Dome Hotel and a plaza for this stadium). In Japan, it is often used as a unit of size; for example, "the new construction is five times the size of Tokyo Dome." Construction on

170-582: A professional wrestling event at Tokyo Dome, currently titled Wrestle Kingdom , on January 4 of each year, since 1992. The event expanded in 2020 to two nights, with the second night on January 5; the event went back to one night in 2024 . The event is the biggest in Japanese professional wrestling , and has been compared to WWE 's flagship U.S. event WrestleMania in terms of size and significance. Other companies such as All Japan Pro Wrestling , Pro Wrestling NOAH , and WWE had previously held major events in

255-547: A roller coaster named Thunder Dolphin and a hubless Ferris wheel . The grounds also have an onsen called Spa LaQua, various shops, restaurants, video game centers, the largest JRA WINS horse race betting complex in Tokyo, and Oft Korakuen , which caters to rural horse races. Tokyo Dome has been chosen as one of the baseball stadiums to hold international baseball tournaments since the 2000s. The Tokyo Dome has been selected to host all six World Baseball Classics through 2026. It

340-525: A tensegrity structure . But, in the context of sports stadiums, the term "dome" has become standard for all covered stadiums, particularly because the first such enclosed stadium, the Houston Astrodome , was built with an actual dome-shaped roof. Some stadiums have partial roofs, and a few have even been designed to have moveable fields as part of the infrastructure. The Caesars Superdome in New Orleans

425-405: A few municipally owned stadiums, which are often known by a name that is significant to their area (for example, Boston 's Fenway Park ). In recent years, some government-owned stadiums have also been subject to naming-rights agreements, with some or all of the revenue often going to the team(s) that play there. One consequence of corporate naming has been an increase in stadium name changes, when

510-484: A fireworks display. Upon its completion the stadium was the first joint purpose-built football stadium in the world. The architect Archibald Leitch brought his experience with the construction of industrial buildings to bear on the design of functional stadiums up and down the country. His work encompassed the first 40 years of the 20th century. One of his most notable designs was Old Trafford in Manchester. The ground

595-403: A football pitch with a running track , although certain compromises must be made. The major drawback is that the stands are necessarily set back a good distance from the pitch, especially at the ends of the pitch. In the case of some smaller stadiums, there are not stands at the ends. When there are stands all the way around, the stadium takes on an oval shape. When one end is open, the stadium has

680-452: A growing game. All of the 19th-century wooden parks were replaced, some after a few years, and none survive today. Goodison Park was the first purpose-built association football stadium in the world. Walton -based building firm Kelly brothers were instructed to erect two uncovered stands that could each accommodate 4,000 spectators. A third covered stand accommodating 3,000 spectators was also requested. Everton officials were impressed with

765-467: A horseshoe shape. All three configurations (open, oval and horseshoe) are common, especially in the case of American college football stadiums. Rectangular stadiums are more common in Europe, especially for football where many stadiums have four often distinct and very different stands on the four sides of the stadium. These are often all of different sizes and designs and have been erected at different periods in

850-510: A single sport while others can accommodate different events, particularly ones with retractable seating . Stadiums built specifically for association football are common in Europe; Gaelic games stadiums, such as Croke Park , are common in Ireland, while stadiums built specifically for baseball or American football are common in the United States. The most common multiple use design combines

935-439: Is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage completely surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event. Pausanias noted that for about half a century the only event at the ancient Greek Olympic festival was the race that comprised one length of the stadion at Olympia , where the word "stadium" originated. Most of

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1020-680: Is a true dome structure made of a lamellar multi-ringed frame and has a diameter of 680 feet (210 m). It is the largest fixed domed structure in the world. Even though enclosed, dome stadiums are called stadiums because they are large enough for, and designed for, what are generally considered to be outdoor sports such as athletics, American football , association football , rugby , and baseball . Those designed for what are usually indoor sports like basketball, ice hockey and volleyball are generally called arenas . Exceptions include: Different sports require different playing surfaces of various size and shape. Some stadiums are designed primarily for

1105-650: Is also the location of the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame which chronicles the history of baseball in Japan . It has also hosted international baseball tournaments such as the World Baseball Classic and WBSC Premier12 , Major League Baseball , music concerts , basketball , American football , and association football games, as well as puroresu (pro-wrestling) matches, mixed martial arts events, kickboxing events, and monster truck races. It became

1190-514: Is an air-supported structure , a cable-reinforced 0.8 mm flexible fiberglass membrane supported by slightly pressurizing the inside of the stadium with 150,000 m/hour using independent blowers. It was developed by Nikken Sekkei and Takenaka Corporation , and modeled after the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome . It is the home field of the Yomiuri Giants baseball team. On March 18, 1988, the day after

1275-705: Is the Nippon Professional Baseball league of Japan, in which many of the teams are themselves named after their parent corporations. Also, many newer European football stadiums, such as the University of Bolton and Emirates Stadiums in England and Signal Iduna Park and Allianz Arena in Germany have been corporately named. This new trend in corporate naming (or renaming) is distinguishable from names of some older venues, such as Crosley Field , Wrigley Field , and

1360-600: The 1908 Summer Olympics in London is often cited as the first modern seater stadium, at least in the UK. Designed by the engineer J.J. Webster and completed in 10 months by George Wimpey , on the site of the Franco-British Exhibition , this stadium with a seating capacity of 68,000 was opened by King Edward VII on 27 April 1908. Upon completion, the stadium had a running track 24 ft wide (7.3 m) and three laps to

1445-535: The 2004 Summer Olympics . The excavation and refurbishment of the stadium was part of the legacy of the Greek national benefactor Evangelos Zappas , and it was the first ancient stadium to be used in modern times. Stadiums in ancient Greece and Rome were built for different purposes, and at first only the Greeks built structures called "stadium"; Romans built structures called " circus ". Greek stadia were for foot races, whereas

1530-752: The Allianz Arena in Munich was called the FIFA World Cup Stadium, Munich during the tournament. Likewise, the same stadium will be known as the "München Arena" during the European Competitions. Similar rules affect the Imtech Arena and Veltins-Arena . This rule applies even if the stadium sponsor is an official FIFA sponsor—the Johannesburg stadium then commercially known as "Coca-Cola Park", bearing

1615-557: The Confessions Tour . Mariah Carey performed there for the first time on her Daydream World Tour , on the 7, 10 and 14 of March in 1996, bringing in a total of 150,000 people with the 3 dates, she obtained the record for best-selling tickets in less than 1 hour. In 1998, the singer returned to Japan on her Butterfly World Tour , where she broke her old record, this time selling out 200,000 tickets in less than 1 hour, there were 4 shows, on January 11, 14, 17 and 20. She would return to

1700-608: The National Football League or the American Football League . (To a certain extent, this continues in lower football leagues as well, with the venue now known as Charles Schwab Field Omaha being used as the home stadium of the United Football League's Omaha Nighthawks .) Along with today's single use stadiums is the trend for retro-style ballparks closer to downtown areas. Oriole Park at Camden Yards

1785-613: The Summer Olympics and the FIFA World Cup (of association football), during which cities often pledge to build new stadiums in order to satisfy the International Olympic Committee (IOC) or FIFA . In recent decades, to help take the burden of the massive expense of building and maintaining a stadium, many American and European sports teams have sold the rights to the name of the facility. This trend, which began in

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1870-704: The Tampa Bay Devil Rays played two games in the stadium to start the 2004 season . The Boston Red Sox and the Oakland Athletics opened the 2008 MLB season in Japan, and also competed against Japanese teams. To open the 2012 season the Seattle Mariners and the Athletics, the former of which had Ichiro Suzuki , played a two-game series on March 28–29. In game one Seattle – led by Ichiro's 4 hits – won 3–1 in 11 innings. The Mariners and Athletics returned to

1955-631: The World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC), featuring the 12 highest-ranked national baseball teams in the world. The first tournament was held by Taiwan and Japan in November 2015. The second tournament, 2019 WBSC Premier12 , was held in November 2019, and served as a qualifier for two teams for baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics . From 1938 to 2011, the International Baseball Federation (IBAF), then

2040-521: The governing body of baseball, considered the Baseball World Cup to be the sport's major world championship. Following the 2011 version of the event, the IBAF chose to discontinue the tournament in favor of the World Baseball Classic . In 2005 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that baseball and softball would be removed from the Summer Olympics beginning in 2012. Thereafter,

2125-637: The 1960s stadiums began to be used as live venues for popular music, giving rise to the term " stadium rock ", particularly for forms of hard rock and progressive rock . The origins of stadium rock are sometimes dated to when the Beatles played Shea Stadium in New York in 1965. Also important was the use of large stadiums for American tours by bands in the later 1960s, such as the Rolling Stones , Grand Funk Railroad and Led Zeppelin . The tendency developed in

2210-591: The 1970s, but accelerated greatly in the 1990s, has led to sponsors' names being affixed to both established stadiums and new ones. In some cases, the corporate name replaces (with varying degrees of success) the name by which the venue has been known for many years. But many of the more recently built stadiums, like the Volkswagen Arena in Wolfsburg , Germany, have never been known by a non-corporate name. The sponsorship phenomenon has since spread worldwide. There remain

2295-532: The 1990s. In several cases, an American football stadium has been constructed adjacent to a baseball park , to allow for the sharing of mutual parking lots and other amenities. With the rise of MLS, the construction of soccer-specific stadiums has also increased since the late 1990s to better fit the needs of that sport. In many cases, earlier baseball stadiums were constructed to fit into a particular land area or city block. This resulted in asymmetrical dimensions for many baseball fields. Yankee Stadium , for example,

2380-616: The 1996 game between the San Diego Chargers and Pittsburgh Steelers , three Japanese linebackers – Takuro Abe, Shigemasa Ito, and Takahiro Ikenoue of the World League of American Football – became the first Japanese players to participate in an NFL game; Abe and Ito sporadically appeared on special teams for the Chargers, while Ikenoue was part of the Steelers' defense. College football

2465-528: The Badgers' seniors would get their opportunity to enjoy a bowl game atmosphere. The Tokyo Dome is also the regular home for championship matches for Japan's domestic American football leagues, including the professional X-League 's Japan X Bowl and Rice Bowl . In 1993, Aston Villa played Verdy Kawasaki in a friendly match. In 1989, the United States Hot Rod Association hosted one of

2550-648: The Games consisted of a single event, a sprint along the length of the stadium. Greek and Roman stadiums have been found in numerous ancient cities, perhaps the most famous being the Stadium of Domitian , in Rome. The excavated and refurbished ancient Panathenaic Stadium hosted attempted revivals of the Olympic Games in 1870 and 1875 before hosting the first modern Olympics in 1896 , the 1906 Intercalated Games , and some events of

2635-652: The IOC also officially reclassified baseball and softball as two different disciplines of the same sport. In 2013, the IBAF merged with the International Softball Federation to create the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC). On 27 November 2014, the WBSC announced the creation of the Premier12 tournament, calling it "the new flagship pro baseball nations championship," which would be held every four years. It

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2720-470: The Roman circus was for horse races. Both had similar shapes and bowl-like areas around them for spectators. The Greeks also developed the theatre, with its seating arrangements foreshadowing those of modern stadiums. The Romans copied the theatre, then expanded it to accommodate larger crowds and more elaborate settings. The Romans also developed the double-sized round theatre called amphitheatre , seating crowds in

2805-648: The Spheres World Tour . Taylor Swift opened her 1989 World Tour at the venue with two concerts on 5 and 6 May, 2015, and she played 2 more shows on 20 and 21 November 2018 as part of the Reputation Stadium Tour . She also played 4 consecutive concerts on 7-10 February 2024 for The Eras Tour . Bruno Mars performed three concerts in October 2022 and returned for seven more concerts in January 2024, becoming

2890-539: The Tokyo Dome as well. On June 30, 2024, it was announced that All Elite Wrestling , New Japan Pro Wrestling , Ring of Honor , Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre , and STARDOM would all be part of a cross promotional pay-per-view event called Wrestle Dynasty which is scheduled to take place on January 5, 2025, one day after Wrestle Kingdom 19 . The final round of the K-1 World Grand Prix kickboxing tournament

2975-683: The Tokyo Dome for a two-game series to begin the 2019 Major League Baseball season , with Ichiro retiring from professional baseball after the second game. On July 18, 2024, Major League Baseball announced that the 2025 MLB season will open with a two game series March 18-19 at Tokyo Dome between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Chicago Cubs . The Tokyo Dome Corporation publishes a list of singers and music groups that have performed since its opening in 1988. The Alfee held its first concert at Tokyo Dome on March 19, 1988, and March 20, two days after

3060-597: The Tokyo Dome opened, the Yomiuri Giants held a game which was the first event in the Tokyo Dome. The Yomiuri Giants host about 70 games a year at their home stadium, Tokyo Dome, and other Nippon Professional Baseball teams sometimes host several games a year at the Tokyo Dome. If the Yomiuri Giants advance to the Climax Series or the Japan Series , additional games will be held at Tokyo Dome. Interleague play , in which

3145-481: The U.S. The Baker Bowl , a baseball park in Philadelphia that opened in its original form in 1887 but was completely rebuilt in 1895, broke new ground in stadium construction in two major ways. The stadium's second incarnation featured the world's first cantilevered second deck (tier) in a sports venue, and was the first baseball park to use steel and brick for the majority of its construction. Another influential venue

3230-824: The UK include the Stamford Bridge stadium (opened in 1877 for the London Athletic Club ) and Anfield stadium (1884 as a venue for Everton F.C. ). In the U.S., many professional baseball teams built large stadiums mainly out of wood , with the first such venue being the South End Grounds in Boston , opened in 1871 for the team then known as the Boston Beaneaters (now the Atlanta Braves ). Many of these parks caught fire, and those that did not proved inadequate for

3315-450: The US is bleachers , which is mostly used for seating areas with bench seats as opposed to individual seats, and which often are uncovered; the name refers to the bleaching effect direct, unshaded sunlight has on the benches and patrons in those sections. Many stadiums make luxury suites or boxes available to patrons at high prices. These suites can accommodate ten to thirty people, depending on

3400-524: The United Kingdom and baseball in the United States, the first such structures were built. One such early stadium was the Lansdowne Road Stadium , the brainchild of Henry Dunlop , who organised the first All Ireland Athletics Championships. Banned from locating sporting events at Trinity College, Dunlop built the stadium in 1872. "I laid down a cinder running path of a quarter-mile, laid down

3485-571: The Yomiuri Giants participate, will also be held at the Tokyo Dome. In 2021, the Tokyo Yakult Swallows advanced to the Japan Series, but they held the Japan Series at Tokyo Dome instead of their home stadium, Meiji Jingu Stadium . This was because the Japan Series had to be rescheduled due to the spread of COVID-19 infectious disease, and the dates overlapped with the game days of amateur baseball tournaments at Meiji Jingu Stadium. Tokyo Dome

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3570-573: The biggest shows in Japan by an international act in the 21st century. Be:First are set to perform 2 shows on 2 and 3 March, 2024. Be:First Live in Dome 2024 "Mainstream - Masterplan" is Be:First’s first live dome tour along with 2 shows at the Kyocera Dome in April 2024. Oasis are set to perform 2 shows on 25 & 26 October 2025, as part of their Live '25 reunion tour. New Japan Pro-Wrestling has held

3655-462: The builder's workmanship and agreed two further contracts: exterior hoardings were constructed at a cost of £150 and 12 turnstiles were installed at a cost of £7 each. The stadium was officially opened on 24 August 1892 by Lord Kinnaird and Frederick Wall of the Football Association. No football was played; instead the 12,000 crowd watched a short track and field event followed by music and

3740-453: The construction of new facilities. In Europe and Latin America, where there are multiple association football clubs in any given city, and several leagues in each country, no such monopoly power exists, and stadiums are built primarily with private money. Outside professional sports, governments are also involved through the intense competition for the right to host major sporting events, primarily

3825-648: The dome opened. On March 22, 1988, and March 23, Mick Jagger became the first non-Japanese artist to perform at the Tokyo Dome. Concerts have been held at the Tokyo Dome for several dozen days each year since its opening, mainly by Japanese singers and music groups. According to official statistics from its opening in 1988 to February 2024, KinKi Kids held the most solo concerts at Tokyo Dome for 66 days, followed by Arashi for 58 days and Kanjani Eight for 41 days. All of them were male idol groups from Johnny & Associates . Among non-Japanese, TVXQ who held most performances in Tokyo Dome as foreign artist ( 30 days ) in

3910-403: The first Japanese venue with an American football attendance above 50,000. Tokyo Dome is part of a greater entertainment complex known as Tokyo Dome City , built of the grounds of the former Tokyo Koishikawa Arsenal . Tokyo Dome City includes an amusement park and Tokyo Dome City Attractions (formerly Kōrakuen Grounds). This amusement park occupies the former Korakuen Stadium site and includes

3995-408: The first and second Busch Stadiums , in that the parks were named by and for the club's owner, which also happened to be the name of the company owned by those clubowners. (The current Busch Stadium received its name via a modern naming rights agreement.) During the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, some stadiums were temporarily renamed because FIFA prohibits sponsorship of stadiums. For example,

4080-873: The first leg, on December 12, 14, 17, 19, 22, 24, 30 and 31, 1992. On his final tour HIStory World Tour , he performed on multiple dates at the stadium last time, on December 13, 15, 17 and 20, 1996. Janet Jackson played 4 shows on May 17 and 18, November 6 and 7, 1990 during her Rhythm Nation World Tour . She returned for the Janet World Tour on March 29 and 30, 1994 and her All for You Tour on January 17 and 18, 2002. Guns N' Roses performed there on February 19, 20 and 22 1992 and January 12, 14 and 15 1993 during their Use Your Illusion Tour , then again on December 19, 2009 during their Chinese Democracy tour. Madonna played 5 shows on 13, 14, 16, 17 and 19 December 1993 which concluded her tour The Girlie Show . She also held 2 concerts on 20 and 21 September 2006 as part of

4165-405: The first monster truck rallies outside North America at the Tokyo Dome. On February 26, 2023, Japanese figure skater and two-time Olympic champion, Yuzuru Hanyu , held a solo ice show titled Gift at Tokyo Dome. His show marked the first time that an ice rink was set up at the multipurpose venue, matching the size of an Olympic ice rink with 60   m   × 30   m. The show

4250-522: The history in Japan, followed by The Rolling Stones for 28 days and followed by Michael Jackson and Paul McCartney for 21 days. Michael Jackson performed there on his three tours. As part of the second leg of his Bad World Tour , he performed at the Tokyo Big Egg on December 9-11, 17-19, and 24-26, 1988. In Jackson’s next tour, the Dangerous World Tour , he performed on the stadium during

4335-476: The largest among them, are megaprojects that can only be afforded by the largest corporations, wealthiest individuals, or government. Sports fans have a deep emotional attachment to their teams. In North America, with its closed-league " franchise " system, there are fewer teams than cities which would like them. This creates tremendous bargaining power for the owners of teams, whereby owners can threaten to relocate teams to other cities unless governments subsidize

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4420-463: The lead of Aerosmith and including Mötley Crüe , Quiet Riot , W.A.S.P. and Ratt . Since the 1980s, rock, pop and folk stars, including the Grateful Dead , Madonna , Michael Jackson , Beyoncé , Lady Gaga and Taylor Swift , have undertaken large-scale stadium based concert tours . WBSC Premier 12 The WBSC Premier12 is the international baseball tournament organized by

4505-466: The length of 600 human feet. As feet are of variable length the exact length of a stadion depends on the exact length adopted for 1 foot at a given place and time. Although in modern terms 1 stadion = 600 ft (180 m), in a given historical context it may actually signify a length up to 15% larger or smaller. The equivalent Roman measure, the stadium , had a similar length – about 185 m (607 ft) – but instead of being defined in feet

4590-418: The mid-1970s as the increased power of amplification and sound systems allowed the use of larger and larger venues. Smoke, fireworks and sophisticated lighting shows became staples of arena rock performances. Key acts from this era included Journey , REO Speedwagon , Boston , Foreigner , Styx , Kiss , Peter Frampton and Queen . In the 1980s arena rock became dominated by glam metal bands, following

4675-451: The mile (536 m); outside there was a 35-foot-wide (11 m), 660-yard (600 m) cycle track. The infield included a swimming and diving pool. The London Highbury Stadium , built in 1913, was the first stadium in the UK to feature a two-tiered seating arrangement when it was redesigned in the Art Deco style in 1936. During these decades, parallel stadium developments were taking place in

4760-476: The name of one of FIFA's major sponsors , was known by its historic name of Ellis Park Stadium during the 2010 FIFA World Cup . Corporate names are also temporarily replaced during the Olympics. Modern stadiums bring several negative environmental issues with their construction. They require thousands of tons of materials to build, they greatly increase traffic in the area around the stadium, as well as maintaining

4845-401: The namesake corporation changes its name, or if it is the naming agreement simply expires. Phoenix's Chase Field , for example, was previously known as Bank One Ballpark, but was renamed to reflect the takeover of the latter corporation. San Francisco's historic Candlestick Park was renamed as 3Com Park for several years, but the name was dropped when the sponsorship agreement expired, and it

4930-475: The old stadiums they replace. In North America, where baseball and American football are the two most popular outdoor spectator sports, a number of football/baseball multi-use stadiums were built, especially during the 1960s, and some of them were successful. Since the requirements for baseball and football are significantly different, the trend has been toward the construction of single-purpose stadiums, beginning with Kansas City in 1972–1973 and accelerating in

5015-444: The present Lansdowne Tennis Club ground with my own theodolite, started a Lansdowne archery club, a Lansdowne cricket club, and last, but not least, the Lansdowne Rugby Football Club – colours red, black and yellow." Some 300 cartloads of soil from a trench beneath the railway were used to raise the ground, allowing Dunlop to use his engineering expertise to create a pitch envied around Ireland. Other early stadiums from this period in

5100-705: The public. An "all-seater" stadium has seats for all spectators. Other stadiums are designed so that all or some spectators stand to view the event. The term "all-seater" is not common in the U.S., as very few American stadiums have sizeable standing-only sections. Poor stadium design has contributed to disasters, such as the Hillsborough disaster and the Heysel Stadium disaster . Since these, all Premier League , UEFA European Championship and FIFA World Cup qualifying matches require all spectators to be seated. Seating areas may be known as terraces , tiers , or decks . Originally set out for standing room only, they are now usually equipped with seating. Another term used in

5185-407: The stadium began on May 16, 1985, and it opened on March 17, 1988. It was built on the site of the Velodrome, adjacent to Korakuen Stadium and the Koishikawa-Kōrakuen garden. It has a maximum total capacity of 57,000 depending on configuration, with an all-seating configuration of 42,000. Tokyo Dome's original nickname was "The Big Egg", with some calling it the "Tokyo Big Egg". Its dome-shaped roof

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5270-429: The stadium for two shows in 2000 with her Rainbow World Tour . Whitney Houston played two shows on May 13 and 14, 1997 during her Pacific Rim Tour . Celine Dion has performed five shows at the Dome. She performed on January 31 and February 1, 1999 as part of her Let's Talk About Love World Tour ; March 8 and 9, 2008 as part of her Taking Chances World Tour ; and June 26, 2018 as part of her Live 2018 tour. Dion

5355-401: The stadium's history. The vastly differing character of European football stadiums has led to the growing hobby of ground hopping where spectators make a journey to visit the stadium for itself rather than for the event held there. In recent years the trend of building completely new oval stadiums in Europe has led to traditionalists criticising the designs as bland and lacking in the character of

5440-460: The stadium. The increased traffic around modern stadiums has led to create exposure zones says the Health Effect Institute, exposing 30–40% of people living around the stadium to potential health issues. Many stadiums are attempting to counteract these issues by implementing solar panels, and high efficiency lighting, to reduce their own carbon footprint. Although concerts, such as classical music, had been presented in them for decades, beginning in

5525-400: The stadiums with a capacity of at least 10,000 are used for association football . Other popular stadium sports include gridiron football , baseball , cricket , the various codes of rugby , field lacrosse , bandy , and bullfighting . Many large sports venues are also used for concerts. "Stadium" is the Latin form of the Greek word " stadion " ( στάδιον ), a measure of length equalling

5610-491: The start of the "jewel box" era of park construction. The largest stadium crowd ever was 199,854 people watching the final match of the 1950 World Cup at Rio de Janeiro 's Maracanã on 16 July 1950. Domed stadiums are distinguished from conventional stadiums by their enclosing roofs. Many of these are not actually domes in the pure architectural sense, some being better described as vaults , some having truss -supported roofs and others having more exotic designs such as

5695-452: The tens of thousands for gladiatorial combats and beast shows. The Greek stadium and theatre and the Roman circus and amphitheatre are all ancestral to the modern stadium. The first stadiums to be built in the modern era were basic facilities, designed for the single purpose of fitting as many spectators in as possible. With tremendous growth in the popularity of organised sport in the late Victorian era , especially association football in

5780-440: The third staging of the tournament for 2024, to be hosted in Japan, Taiwan and a venue in the Americas, later chosen to be Mexico. The field of the tournament consists of the 12 best national teams in the world according to the most recent WBSC World Rankings . Across three stagings of the tournament a total of 14 teams have qualified for at least one edition, with 10 of those teams having qualified for all three events. Of all

5865-448: The venue. Luxury suites at events such as the Super Bowl can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Due to the number of people congregating in stadiums and the frequency of events, many notable accidents have occurred in the past, some causing injury and death. For example, the Hillsborough disaster was a human crush at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield , England on 15 April 1989. The resulting 97 deaths and 765 injuries makes this

5950-406: The worst disaster in British sporting history. Much effort has been spent to avoid the recurrence of such events, both in design and legislation. Especially where there is a perceived risk of terrorism or violence attention remains high to prevent human death and keep stadiums as places where families can enjoy a public event together. In Europe and South America, during the twentieth century, it

6035-466: Was Boston 's Harvard Stadium , built in 1903 by Harvard University for its American football team and track and field program. It was the world's first stadium to use concrete-and-steel construction. In 1909, concrete-and-steel construction came to baseball with the opening of Shibe Park in Philadelphia and, a few months later, Forbes Field in Pittsburgh . The latter was the world's first three-tiered sporting venue. The opening of these parks marked

6120-638: Was also selected to host the finals of the WBSC Premier 12 , which was held twice. The Tokyo Dome has held various Major League Baseball games to open the seasons, with the first series—a two-game slate between the Chicago Cubs and New York Mets in 2000 —being the first time American MLB teams have played regular season games in Asia. Four years later, the New York Yankees , featuring former Yomiuri Giants slugger/outfielder Hideki Matsui in their lineup, and

6205-593: Was another two years before the new name of Monster Cable Products ' Monster Park was applied. Local opposition to the corporate naming of that particular stadium led San Francisco's city council to permanently restore the Candlestick Park name once the Monster contract expired. More recently, in Ireland, there has been huge opposition to the renaming of Dublin 's historic Lansdowne Road as the Aviva Stadium . Lansdowne

6290-574: Was built on a triangular city block in The Bronx , New York City. This resulted in a large left field dimension but a small right field dimension. Before more modern football stadiums were built in the United States, many baseball parks, including Fenway Park , the Polo Grounds , Wrigley Field , Comiskey Park , Tiger Stadium , Griffith Stadium , Milwaukee County Stadium , Shibe Park , Forbes Field , Yankee Stadium , and Sportsman's Park were used by

6375-686: Was common for violent bands of supporters to fight inside or close to association football stadiums. In the United Kingdom they are known as hooligans . Structural features that increase safety include separate entry and exit accesses for each spectator area, especially separating accesses for home and visitor supporters, dividing walls, glass parapets, vibration attenuation and sprinkler systems. Security features that have been adopted include armed surveillance, Identity document checks, video surveillance , metal detectors and security searches to enforce rules that forbid spectators to carry dangerous or potentially dangerous items. Modern stadiums, especially

6460-473: Was defined using the Roman standard passus to be a distance of 125 passūs (double-paces). The English use of stadium comes from the tiered infrastructure surrounding a Roman track of such length. Most dictionaries provide for both stadiums and stadia as valid English plurals. The oldest known stadium is the Stadium at Olympia in Greece, where the ancient Olympic Games were held from 776 BC. Initially

6545-634: Was directed by Hanyu himself in collaboration with Japanese choreographer Mikiko and performed live with the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra among others, having set a new audience record for ice shows with 35,000 spectators. On July 14, 2023, the event was distributed by the American subscription channel Disney+ worldwide. 35°42′20″N 139°45′7″E  /  35.70556°N 139.75194°E  / 35.70556; 139.75194 Stadium A stadium ( pl. : stadiums or stadia )

6630-486: Was held at the Tokyo Dome from 1997 to 2006. The Tokyo Dome hosted seven Pride FC mixed martial arts fights: Pride 1 , Pride 4, Pride Grand Prix 2000 Opening Round , Pride Grand Prix 2000 Finals , Pride 17 , Pride 23 , and Pride Final Conflict 2003 . The last event had an attendance of 67,451. As part of the American Bowl , the Tokyo Dome held 13 National Football League preseason games between 1989 and 2005. In

6715-525: Was originally designed with a capacity of 100,000 spectators and featured seating in the south stand under cover, while the remaining three stands were left as terraces and uncovered. It was the first stadium to feature continuous seating along the contours of the stadium. These early venues, originally designed to host football matches, were adopted for use by the Olympic Games, the first one being held in 1896 in Athens , Greece. The White City Stadium , built for

6800-729: Was played 17 straight years in Tokyo, including six years at the Tokyo Dome, through the Coca-Cola Classic . In December 1993, the Wisconsin Badgers clinched the Big Ten college football championship and a berth to their first Rose Bowl in 31 years by defeating the Michigan State Spartans 41-20 in the last Coca-Cola Classic, before nearly 52,000 at the Tokyo Dome. Ironically, the game was moved from Camp Randall Stadium in Madison so

6885-522: Was redeveloped as the Aviva, opening in May 2010. On the other hand, Los Angeles' Great Western Forum , one of the earliest examples of corporate renaming, retained its name for many years, even after the namesake bank no longer existed, the corporate name being dropped only after the building later changed ownership. This practice has typically been less common in countries outside the United States. A notable exception

6970-563: Was reportedly the first floodlit stadium. Floodlighting in association football dates as far back as 1878, when there were floodlit experimental matches at Bramall Lane, Sheffield during the dark winter afternoons. With no national grid , lights were powered by batteries and dynamoes , and were unreliable. Since the development of electrical grids, lighting has been an important element in stadium design, allowing games to be played after sundown, and in covered, or partly covered stadiums that allow less natural light, but provide more shelter for

7055-411: Was scheduled to perform two shows on November 18 and 19, 2014 as part of her Asia Tour , but the shows were cancelled. Beyoncé kicked off the first show on her third concert tour The Beyoncé Experience on 10 April 2007. Coldplay have played the venue three times; first on April 19 2017 during their A Head Full of Dreams Tour , and further two times on 6 and 7 November 2023 during their Music of

7140-521: Was the first such ballpark for Major League Baseball to be built, using early-20th-century styling with 21st-century amenities. There is a solar-powered stadium in Taiwan that produces as much energy as it needs to function. Stadium designers often study acoustics to increase noise caused by fans' voices, aiming to create a lively atmosphere. Until the advent of floodlights , most games played on large areas had to rely on natural lighting. Bramall Lane

7225-525: Was viewed as an event to fill in the calendar in place of the Baseball World Cup, since the World Baseball Classic took its place and an attempt to boost baseball's bid for inclusion in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo . The WBSC proposed that, if baseball did return to the Olympics for 2020, the 2019 WBSC Premier12 be used as a qualifying tournament. On 11 September 2023, the WBSC officially announced

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