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18-535: Tofa may refer to: Tofa language , a Turkic language spoken in Russia's Irkutsk Oblast Bashir Tofa , a Nigerian politician. TOFA, Tall oil fatty acids Tofa, Nigeria , a Local Government Area of Kano State Tofa (Poetic Edda) , the wife of Angantyr and mother of Hervor in the Poetic Edda Tofa Fakunle , Canadian soccer player Topics referred to by

36-718: A labor camp in Lithuania . After the war, Rassadin's family moved throughout the Soviet Union with his father's military career. During these travels he learned some Tatar from a classmate and became interested in the similarities between the languages he had learned. He graduated high school in 1957 in Kholmsk , Sakhalin . In 1957 he entered Leningrad State University 's Oriental Faculty to study Mongolian philology . He received permission to attend lectures in Turkic philology and studied

54-642: A nomadic reindeer-herding people, living on or near the Eastern Sayan mountain range. However, reindeer herding has greatly declined since the 20th century, with only one Tofa family continuing the practice as of 2004 . Recognized by the former USSR in 1926 as one of the " Small Numbered Minorities of the North ," (Russian: коренные малочисленные народы Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока) the Tofa have special legal status and receive economic support from Russia. The Tofa population

72-440: Is around 750 people; around 5% of the population spoke Tofa as a first language in 2002, (although that number has likely declined since then, due to the age of the speakers). Although the population of Tofalaria appears to be growing, the number of ethnic Tofalar seems to be in decline. Language contact—mainly with Russian speakers—has been extensive since 1926, when the Tofa officially received their "Small Numbered Minorities of

90-479: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tofa language Tofa is most closely related to the Tuvan language and forms a dialect continuum with it. Tuha and Tsengel Tuvan may be dialects of either Tuvan or Tofa. Tofa shares a number of features with these languages, including the preservation of *d as /d/ (as in hodan "hare" - compare Uzbek quyon ) and

108-594: The Old Turkic language. He graduated in 1962. After graduating he worked as a Mongolian translator for the Soviet Ministry of Construction in the Mongolian city of Darkhan . Rassadin returned to higher education in 1963 at Novosibirsk State University where he studied Turkic languages. From 1964 to 1976 Rassadin went on a number of expeditions to study the Tofa people and their language. During this time he lived among

126-460: The North" status from the USSR (Russian: коренные малочисленные народы Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока) and underwent significant cultural, social, and economic changes. Most notably, this traditionally nomadic, reindeer-herding people have since become sedentary and reindeer herding has all but vanished among the Tofa. In addition to visiting tax collectors and tourists, many other Russians have come to

144-487: The Russian alphabet: Ғ ғ [ɣ] , Ә ә [æ] , Ii [ĭ] , Қ қ [q] , Ң ң [ŋ] , Ө ө [œ] , Ү ү [y] , Һ һ [h] , and Ҷ ҷ [d͡ʒ] . Additionally, the letter ъ is sometimes used after a vowel to mark pharyngealization [ˤ], as in эът [ʔɛˤt̪] "meat". Tofa is an agglutinative language with a few auxiliary verbs. The bare stem of a verb is only used in the singular imperative; other categories are marked by suffixation, including

162-690: The Sayan mountain range to live. Russian migration and intermarriage also has had an effect, according to a citation by Donahoe: "In 1931, of a total population in Tofalaria of 551, approximately 420 (76%) were Tofa, and the remaining 131 (24%) were non-Tofa, predominantly Russian (Mel'nikova 1994:36 and 231). By 1970, the population in Tofalaria had increased to 1368, of whom 498 (36%) were Tofa, and 809 (59%) were Russian (Sherkhunaev 1975:23)." (p. 159) There were approximately 40 speakers of various fluency levels by 2002, and this number has likely continued to decrease in

180-621: The Tofa and worked alongside them. There he studied the Tofa language , and in 1967 he defended his dissertation on the vocabulary of the Tofa language. Rassadin worked at the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1966 to 2006. From 1992 to 2006 he served part-time as the chair of the Department of Central Asian philology at Buryat State University . From 2006 onward he served as

198-503: The development of low tones on historically short vowels (as in * et > èt "meat, flesh"). Alexander Vovin (2017) notes that Tofa and other Siberian Turkic languages, especially Sayan Turkic, have Yeniseian loanwords. The Tofa, who are also known as the Tofalar or Karagas, are an indigenous people living in southwestern Irkutsk Oblast , in Russia. The region they inhabit is informally known as Tofalariya . They are traditionally

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216-574: The director of the Scientific Center for Mongolian and Altaic Studies at Kalmyk State University , while also teaching in the departments of Kalmyk language and Mongolian studies. Rassadin died on August 15, 2017. The Head of the Republic of Buryatia and the People's Khural expressed their condolences. Rassadin's research focused primarily on the Tofa and Soyot languages, but he wrote extensively on

234-429: The intervening time. The following table lists the vowels of Tofa. The data was taken from Ilgın and Rassadin . Rassadin also indicates that Tofa has a short [ ĭ ]. All vowels except [ æ ] can be pharyngealized [ ◌ˤ ]. According to Rassadin pharyngealization is realized as creaky voice [ ◌̰ ]; Harrison and Anderson represent this feature as low tone. The following table lists the consonants of Tofa. The data

252-404: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tofa . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tofa&oldid=964212772 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

270-1379: The singular imperative negative. The Tofa suffix / --sig / is an especially unusual derivational suffix in that it attaches to any noun to add the meaning 'smelling of + [NOUN]' or 'smelling like + [NOUN]'. Grammatical number in Tofa includes singular, plural, dual inclusive ('you and me'), and plural inclusive, tense includes the present and past, and aspect includes the perfective and imperfective. Historically suffixes conformed to Tofa vowel harmony rules, but that appears to be changing. Some example sentences are included below to illustrate suffixation: Plural Perfective orus[t]e-y Russian[ize]- CVB ber-gen ASP - PST orus[t]e-y ber-gen Russian[ize]-CVB ASP-PST 'They have become Russian[ized]' Singular Imperative nersa-ɣa Nerxa- DAT bar go nersa-ɣa bar Nerxa-DAT go 'go to Nerxa' Singular Imperative Negative al-gan take- PST men 1 di-ve say- NEG al-gan men di-ve take-PST 1 say-NEG 'don't say "I took"!' Tofa has six personal pronouns: мен men мен men I биъс bìs биъс bìs we сен Valentin Ivanovich Rassadin Valentin Ivanovich Rassadin ( Russian : Валенти́н Ива́нович Расса́дин ; November 12, 1939 – August 15, 2017)

288-448: The younger generation. The complications surrounding Tofa vowel harmony may also be due to fluctuations from language endangerment. In general, Russian loanwords do not appear to conform to vowel harmony. Given the increasing quantity of these loanwords, leveling may also be a factor in the inconsistent application of vowel harmony. Tofa, although not often written, employs a Cyrillic alphabet: Tofa has letters that are not present in

306-563: Was a Soviet and Russian linguist. He is best known for his documentation and studies of the Tofa language and Soyot-Tsaatan language . Rassadin was born in Pskov , Soviet Union on November 12, 1939, into an Izhorian family. He spent much of his childhood with his Izhorian grandmother, from whom he learned Izhorian songs and some of the Izhorian language . The Nazi German army occupied Pskov in 1941, and in 1943 Rassadin and his mother were sent to

324-565: Was taken from Ilgın and Rassadin. Many dialects of Tofa exhibit vowel harmony, although this harmony seems to be linked to fluency: as one decreases, so does the other. Tofa vowel harmony is progressive and based on two features: backness and rounding, and this occurs both root-internal and in affixes. Enclitics do not appear to trigger backness harmony, and rounding harmony in Tofa has been undergoing changes, and may apply inconsistently. In some cases this may be due to opaque rules resulting in an apparent "disharmony", especially among speakers of

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