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Tianjin Provisional Government

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The Tianjin Provisional Government (also spelled Tientsin Provisional Government , Provisional Government of Tianjin , Provisional Government of Tientsin ) ( French : Gouvernement provisoire du district de Tientsin , Chinese : 天津都統衙門 ) was a government formed by the Eight-Nation Alliance during the Boxer Rebellion in China, which controlled the major city Tianjin and its surrounding areas from 1900 to 1902.

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24-1113: After the Boxers seized much of Tianjin in June 1900, the city was recaptured by the Eight-Nation Alliance in July 1900. Seven of the members of the Eight-Nation Alliance (Russia, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, France, the United States, and Italy) established the Tianjin Provisional Government on 30 July 1900. The government was first known as the Viceroy's Government and was renamed the Tianjin Provisional Government on 14 August. The Tianjin Provisional Government had military control over Tianjin, Chinghai, Ningho and some other regions, with 8 subordinate executive organizations. It had

48-565: A patrolling team of 900 allied forces gunmen directly under its control. The Norwegian railway engineer and former officer Benjamin Wegner Nørregaard , who had worked in China for the last few years, was employed as a sort of minister of labour, and also designed the monumental government headquarters. Most of the United States 15th Infantry Regiment arrived in Tianjin on 16 August 1900, as part of

72-491: Is an English publishing house. It was founded in 1889 by Sir Algernon Methuen (1856–1924) and began publishing in London in 1892. Initially Methuen mainly published non-fiction academic works, eventually diversifying to encourage female authors and later translated works. E. V. Lucas headed the firm from 1924 to 1938. In June 1889, as a sideline to teaching, Algernon Methuen began to publish and market his own textbooks under

96-607: Is especially known for his books The Great Siege , on the siege of Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War , and War , on the Boxer Rebellion . Nørregaard graduated as an officer in 1881 and became a captain in the field artillery in the Norwegian Army in 1894. Described as an adventurer , he left the country in 1895 without permission of his military superiors, effectively ending his military career, and in

120-620: The Adrian Mole franchise through Penguin Books , the company also distributed the titles of now-independent Methuen Books. Many of the publisher's academic titles are now published by Routledge . Methuen Books continues to publish new works of fiction and non-fiction, as well as reprinting older, classic works. Contemporary Methuen authors include Mark Dunn , Robert McKee , Michael Palin , 1986 Nobel Prize Winner Wole Soyinka , and 2012 Nobel Prize Winner Mo Yan . Classic Methuen authors include

144-621: The China Relief Expedition . The Tianjin Provisional Government existed until 15 August 1902, when it returned control of its territory to the Chinese Qing government. The Eight-Nation Alliance however maintained a military presence in the area to ensure open access to Beijing. The Tianjin Provisional Government Medal was presented to members of the Provisional Government. It was designed by J. Chevet and manufactured by

168-611: The Egmont Group . Egmont Group sold its UK book division to HarperCollins in 2020. In 2003, Methuen Drama purchased the company Politico's Publishing from its owner Iain Dale . In 2006, Methuen sold its notable drama lists to A & C Black for £2.35 million. Penguin Random House now owns the rights to many books that used to be published under the Methuen name through Random House and

192-421: The 1920s it had also a literary list that included Anthony Hope , G. K. Chesterton , Henry James , D. H. Lawrence , T. S. Eliot , Ruth Manning-Sanders and The Arden Shakespeare series. Following the publication of Lawrence's The Rainbow (1915), Methuen was prosecuted for obscenity. The firm offered no defence and agreed to destroy the remaining stock of 1,011 copies. It is thought that one reason for

216-723: The Japanese firm of Tenshodo . 12 gold, 60 silver, and 153 bronze medals were issued. The obverse shows the flags of the seven alliance members who formed the government along with its French name, and the reverse inscription is its Chinese name. Known recipients of this very rare medal include: A bronze medal was donated by Paul Bauer (Austrian consul general, Tianjin) bronze) to the British Museum in 1932 Benjamin Wegner N%C3%B8rregaard Benjamin Wegner Nørregaard (3 October 1861 – 24 April 1935)

240-651: The book War (1908) on the Boxer Rebellion, which were "written with great journalistic talent." From 1906 to 1908, he lived in St. Petersburg as a foreign correspondent of the Norwegian newspaper Morgenbladet and the Danish newspaper Vort Land , and gave a vivid portrayal of the revolutionary turmoil in Russia. In 1909, he relocated to Berlin as a correspondent for Morgenbladet . In

264-630: The company's list. In 1935 they published Daniele Varè 's novel The Maker of Heavenly Trousers . In 1930 the company published the popular humorous book 1066 and All That . Methuen was the English publisher of the book editions of The Adventures of Tintin , a series of classic Belgian comic -strip books, written and illustrated by Hergé . Methuen altered their editions of Tintin by insisting that books featuring British characters undergo major changes. The Black Island , first published in French in 1937,

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288-508: The completed adventure eventually appeared in 1948–1950. It was set in the British Mandate of Palestine and featured the conflict between Jews, Arabs and British troops. When Methuen was translating the Adventures of Tintin into English, Israel had long since been in existence, and Methuen asked for it to be edited. Hergé took the opportunity to redraw the few problematic pages, as well as

312-540: The firm's failure to support Lawrence was that he had at the time written an unkind portrait of the chief editor's brother, who had recently been killed in France. In 1924 E. V. Lucas succeeded Algernon Methuen as chairman and led the company until his death in 1938. Besides his executive role he also received a separate salary as the chief reader of the company. His commercial judgment added authors Enid Blyton , P. G. Wodehouse , Pearl S. Buck and Maurice Maeterlinck to

336-714: The following years, he lived in East Asia during a period marked by upheavals and war. He worked as a railway engineer for the Imperial Chinese Railways from 1896 to 1900. During the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, he was employed by the Allies as head of the Ministry of Labour in the Tianjin Provisional Government , which governed the major city Tianjin and surrounding areas, a position he held from 1900 to 1902. He

360-613: The founder on the board of directors. The company published the 1920 English translation of Albert Einstein's Relativity, the Special and the General Theory: A Popular Exposition . With knowledge he had gained of children's literature at the publisher Grant Richards, E. V. Lucas built on the company's early success. Among the authors Lucas signed to the company were A. A. Milne , Kenneth Grahame , while he also supported illustrators W. Heath Robinson , H. M. Bateman and E. H. Shepard . By

384-496: The label Methuen & Co. The company's first success came in 1892 with the publication of Rudyard Kipling 's Barrack-Room Ballads . Rapid growth came with works by Marie Corelli , Hilaire Belloc , Robert Louis Stevenson , and Oscar Wilde ( De Profundis , 1905) as well as Edgar Rice Burroughs ' Tarzan of the Apes . In 1910 the business was converted into a limited liability company with E. V. Lucas and G.E. Webster joining

408-402: The pages before that: the freighter that appeared before that was based on Hergé's imagination, due to lack of resources at the time. The earlier version, published in 1950, was reprinted by Casterman as a facsimile edition, but internationally was completely replaced by the newer version. In 1958 Methuen was part of the conglomerate Associated Book Publishers (ABP), and for much of the 1970s

432-611: The same year, he was appointed a "secret press envoy" to Berlin and Paris for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs , a position he held until 1911. From 1911, he was permanently employed by Morgenbladet . He also wrote for the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter . During the First World War , he was among the leading commentators on the ongoing war in the neutral countries. In addition to writing on war and foreign policy, he

456-701: Was a food writer , and wrote humorous short stories. He was a son of the Norwegian colonel and aide-de-camp to king Charles Hans Jacob Nørregaard and Sophie Wegner. His mother was a daughter of the industrialist Benjamin Wegner and Henriette Seyler, of the Hamburg Berenberg-Gossler-Seyler banking dynasty . He was a brother of the noted lawyer Harald Nørregaard and of wine merchant and consul in Tarragona Ludvig Paul Rudolf Nørregaard. He married Wilhelmine Sissenère in 1898. She

480-530: Was a Norwegian military officer, railway engineer , adventurer , journalist, diplomat and internationally renowned war correspondent . He spent several years in China and served as Minister of Labour in the Tianjin Provisional Government during the Boxer Rebellion . He later worked as a war correspondent for the Daily Mail and for Scandinavian newspapers, and covered several conflicts in East Asia and Europe . He

504-505: Was also the architect of the new, monumental government building in Tianjin. He rose to journalistic prominence as a war correspondent of the Daily Mail during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05) and during the First Balkan War (1912–13). He witnessed the Siege of Port Arthur and published the book The Great Siege: The Investment and Fall of Port Arthur ( Methuen Publishing , 1906) and

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528-555: Was formerly married to the Norwegian cabinet minister and Director-General of the Norwegian State Railways Hans Nysom . He had no children. He is mentioned as a military and foreign policy commentator in Morgenbladet during the First World War in the novel Lillelord by Johan Borgen . Methuen Publishing Methuen Publishing Ltd ( / ˈ m ɛ θ j u ə n / ; also known as Methuen Books )

552-654: Was known as Eyre Methuen following its absorption of the Eyre & Spottiswoode firm. When ABP was acquired by the Thomson Organization in 1987, it sold off the trade publishing units, including Methuen, to Reed International 's Octopus. Reed sold off its trade publishing to Random House in February 1997. Methuen Drama bought itself out in 1998 while retaining the distribution and warehousing services with Random House. That same year, Reed sold Methuen's children's catalogue to

576-475: Was set in Great Britain, but, prior to publishing it themselves in 1966, Methuen decided that it did not reflect the U.K. accurately enough and sent a list of 131 "errors" to be corrected. It was thus redrawn and reset in the 1960s. Critics have attacked Methuen over the changes, claiming that The Black Island lost a lot of its charm as a result. Land of Black Gold had had a troubled publishing history, but

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