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157-606: The facility was built around an older ice hockey facility, the historic Father Bauer Arena , which opened in October 1963. This was named after the late Father David Bauer , who, together with Bob Hindmarch , established Canada's first national hockey team at UBC in 1963 in preparation for the 1964 Winter Olympics . The UBC Thunderbird Arena replaced the Father Bauer Arena as the home of the UBC Thunderbirds ice hockey team. It

314-605: A Bachelor of Arts in philosophy in 1949. His influences as a student included philosopher Jacques Maritain and writer Christopher Dawson . Bauer earned his teaching certificate from the Ontario College of Education in 1951. In 1952, the Bauer family was a major contributor towards funding and establishing the Carmel of St. Joseph Monastery in St. Agatha near Waterloo. Bauer was ordained as

471-600: A Catholic priest on June 29, 1953, at St. Basil's Church in Toronto by Cardinal James McGuigan . Bauer conducted his first mass as a priest at St. Jerome's Roman Catholic Church in Waterloo in 1953. Bauer taught at St. Michael's College School from 1953 to 1961, and sought for the education system to produce more wise leaders. The school was operated by the Basilian fathers . Their motto, "Teach me goodness, discipline and knowledge"

628-676: A German team participated for the first time, finishing ninth. At the 1932 Winter Olympics , Canada won gold in a tournament that consisted of four teams that played each other twice. Germany won bronze, the nation's first medal in the sport. Two days before the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen , Germany, Canadian officials protested that two players on the British team — James Foster and Alex Archer —had played in Canada but transferred without permission to play for clubs in

785-499: A Canadian flag in their dressing room, although an investigation later proved the rumour false. The Swedish team won the bronze medal over Finland 2–1, the nation's first in women's ice hockey. In 2006 , Sweden defeated the US in a shootout in the semi-finals, marking the first time the US had lost to an opponent other than Canada. The upset drew comparisons to the Miracle on Ice from 1980. In

942-542: A financial failure without the inclusion of hockey. Hockey was ultimately included in the Olympics, and the gold medal was won by Canada's team for the second consecutive Games. It would be the last time that a Canadian team would win a gold medal in hockey for 50 years. The United States won silver and Sweden won bronze. A team from Finland competed for the first time. The Soviet Union competed in its first World Championship in 1954 , defeating Canada and winning

1099-517: A gold medal, before winning one in 2002 , and following it with back-to-back wins in 2010 and 2014 . Other nations to win gold include Great Britain in 1936 , the Unified Team in 1992 , Sweden in 1994 and 2006 , the Czech Republic in 1998 , Russia (as OAR ) in 2018 and Finland in 2022 . Other medal-winning nations include Switzerland , Germany and Slovakia . In July 1992,

1256-539: A last-minute decision to change the rules and take away a medal from Canada. Bauer was one of only three Canadians who attended the medal ceremony, where he was awarded a gold medal for his example of good sportsmanship in the stick-throwing incident. Later that night, the players gathered in Bauer's room where Marshall Johnston summarized the team's feeling that, "The shepherd and his flock have been fleeced". The national team played an exhibition tour in Europe after

1413-723: A league championship. Bobby Bauer won two Stanley Cups playing for the Boston Bruins . Bobby and Frank won the 1934 Memorial Cup playing for the Toronto St. Michael's Majors. Eugene won a league championship with the Kitchener Greenshirts in 1935. Jerry and Ray won a league championship with the Waterloo Siskins in 1940. Bauer aspired to play in the National Hockey League (NHL) and attended training camp for

1570-558: A mother figure to the players. Bauer searched for funding from Canadian businesses, and received donations from Max Bell , Charles Hay and James A. Richardson . The team was assisted by Canadian Pacific Railway president Ian Sinclair , who arranged for free or discounted transportation for the team. Bauer's mother and brothers contributed funds through the family business, and the Government of Canada's Fitness Council later contributed after Montreal journalist Andy O'Brien wrote about

1727-578: A new arena. The Thunderbird Sports Centre opened in September 1963. Bauer and his brother Ray attended the 1962 Ice Hockey World Championships in Colorado Springs, Colorado , which was the first time North America hosted the World Championships. The Bauer family had a history of international competition. Ray Bauer represented Canada at the 1949 Ice Hockey World Championships as a member of

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1884-450: A player who has previously played in an IIHF tournament wishes to change their national team, they must have played in their new country for four years. A player can only do this once. The original IOC rules stated that an athlete that had already played for one nation could not later change nations under any circumstances. Pierre de Coubertin , founder of the IOC, was influenced by the ethos of

2041-852: A portable altar, a chapel within the Embassy of France in Moscow , churches in Prague and houses of his friends. While in Austria he conducted mass on several occasions at the Mariatrost Basilica , a noted pilgrimage site in Graz . The CAHA merged the national team into the Winnipeg Maroons in 1965, and relocated the program to a new home base in Winnipeg . The Maroons were one of the best senior ice hockey teams in Canada at

2198-529: A preliminary round and a medal round. The medals were awarded based on win–loss records during the medal round. This format was used until 1988 , although the number of teams and games played varied slightly. The Toronto Granites , representing Canada, became one of the dominant hockey teams in Olympic history, outscoring opponents 110–3, led by Harry Watson , who scored 36 goals. The United States won silver and Great Britain won bronze. Watson's 36 goals remains

2355-487: A program to develop players for the Canada men's national ice hockey team . He was offered a playing contract by the Boston Bruins at age 15, but declined on the advice of his father to complete a proper education. The experience of not pursuing his dream of playing professional hockey was traumatic for Bauer, who then committed himself to look for more meaning in life and play a role in world peace. After he served as captain of

2512-479: A program which combined education and hockey. He felt that a core group of students could be reinforced with the best available Canadian senior players for international competition. He discussed the concept with CAHA president Jack Roxburgh and secretary Gordon Juckes who were also in attendance at the World Championships, and was invited make a presentation at the next CAHA annual meeting in May 1962. Bauer's proposal

2669-530: Is also the practice facility for Vancouver's NHL team, the Vancouver Canucks . The main ice rink has 7,500 seats and can expand to 8,000 for concerts. The other rinks are Father Bauer Arena and Protrans Arena with spectator capacities of 980 and 200, respectively. Construction began in April 2006 with the refurbishment of the Father Bauer Arena and the addition of a new practice arena. The new stadium arena

2826-662: Is counted as the World Championship. The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes , so the players of the National Hockey League (NHL) and other professional leagues were not allowed to play. The first Winter Olympic Games were held in 1924 in Chamonix , France. Chapter 1, article 6, of the 2007 edition of the Olympic Charter defines winter sports as "sports which are practised on snow or ice". Ice hockey and figure skating were permanently integrated in

2983-580: The 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics . The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes . However, the advent of the state-sponsored "full-time amateur athlete" of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put

3140-607: The 2010 Winter Olympics was structured around the 2008 IIHF World Ranking . Twelve spots were made available for teams. The top nine teams in the World Ranking after the 2008 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships received automatic berths. Teams ranked 19th through 30th played in a first qualification round in November 2008. The top three teams from the round advanced to the second qualification round, joined by teams ranked 10th through 18th. The top three teams from this round advanced to

3297-626: The 99th IOC Session in July 1992, the IOC voted to approve women's hockey as an Olympic event beginning with the 1998 Winter Olympics as part of their effort to increase the number of female athletes at the Olympics. Women's ice hockey had not been in the programme when Nagano, Japan had won the right to host the Olympics in June 1991, and the decision required approval by the Nagano Winter Olympic Organizing Committee (NAOOC). The NAOOC

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3454-667: The Alberta Golden Bears for the Hamber Cup, which they had never won since the trophy was established in 1950. The Thunderbirds won their first Hamber cup in a two-game series including a 3–2 overtime loss and a 3–1 victory. Bauer led the Thunderbirds to eight wins, one loss and one tie in the regular season to win the Western Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Association title, and qualify for

3611-795: The Amateur Athletic Union of Canada in 1936, despite the possibility that its players may no longer be eligible for Olympic hockey. Tommy Lockhart founded the Amateur Hockey Association of the United States (AHAUS) in 1937, after disagreements with the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States over international amateurs. The CAHA and the AHAUS joined to form the International Ice Hockey Association in 1940. Its president W. G. Hardy sought for acceptance by

3768-466: The Bergvall System , in which three rounds were played. The first round was an elimination tournament that determined the gold medal winner. The second round consisted of the teams that were defeated by the gold medal winner; the winner of that round was awarded the silver medal. The final round was played between teams that had lost to the gold or silver medal winners; the winner of that round received

3925-674: The English National League . The IIHF agreed with Canada, but Great Britain threatened to withdraw the team if the two were barred from competing. To avoid a conflict, Canada withdrew the protest shortly before the Games began. The tournament consisted of four groups and fifteen teams. Great Britain became the first non-Canadian team to win gold; Canada won silver and the United States bronze. The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) revised its definition of amateur and broke away from

4082-884: The Hockey Hall of Fame , the IIHF Hall of Fame and the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame . He was made an officer of the Order of Canada , and is the namesake of the Father Bauer Arena and the Father David Bauer Olympic Arena , both of which are used by Canada for international hockey. David William Bauer was born on November 2, 1924, in Waterloo, Ontario . His great-grandparents had emigrated from Bavaria to Waterloo via Buffalo, New York . His father Sir Edgar J. Bauer

4239-542: The Sudbury Wolves , and Bobby Bauer coached the Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen at the 1956 Winter Olympics and the 1960 Winter Olympics . The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) annually chose an amateur senior team to represent the country at international competitions, which was usually the reigning Allan Cup champion team since it met the amateur eligibility requirements for the ice hockey at

4396-586: The Toronto St. Michael's Majors for two seasons and won the 1944 Memorial Cup , he became ordained as a Catholic priest in the Congregation of St. Basil and taught at St. Michael's College School . He coached multiple levels of hockey at St. Michael's, sat on the junior ice hockey council for the Ontario Hockey Association , lobbied for a shortened playing schedule for students athletes, and coached

4553-467: The Toronto St. Michael's Majors for two seasons from 1942 to 1944. He excelled as a student, played as a left winger , and was considered a gentlemanly player and a role model by his teammates. During the summer between grades 11 and 12, Bauer returned home and was a pitcher in a senior baseball league in Waterloo. "Dave Bauer was a class act all the way. He could've been a good one. He had more determination than Bobby [Bauer]. I played against Bobby, he

4710-589: The Unified Team . In the final, the Unified Team defeated Canada to win gold while Czechoslovakia won the bronze. Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in January 1993. The IIHF recognized the Czech Republic as the successor to Czechoslovakia, allowing the team to retain its position in the top World Championship division, while Slovakia started in the lowest division ( Pool C ) in 1994 and

4867-627: The "Miracle on Ice" as the best international ice hockey story of the past 100 years. At the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo , Yugoslavia , the Soviet Union won its sixth gold medal. Czechoslovakia and Sweden won the silver and bronze medals. The 1988 Winter Olympics were held in Calgary , Alberta , Canada, where the Soviet team captured its seventh and final gold medal. The Soviets' last Olympic game

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5024-472: The 1945–46 season after he began studies for priesthood. Regular season and playoffs statistics. Bauer went to Richmond Hill in 1946, and entered the novitiate for the Congregation of St. Basil to study for the priesthood, then took his religious vows on September 12, 1947. He returned to the University of St. Michael's College at the University of Toronto to complete undergraduate studies and earned

5181-738: The 1984 Winter Olympics, a dispute formed over what made a player a professional. The IOC had adopted a rule that made any player who had signed an NHL contract but played less than ten games in the league eligible. However, the United States Olympic Committee maintained that any player contracted with an NHL team was a professional and therefore not eligible to play. The IOC held an emergency meeting that ruled NHL-contracted players were eligible, as long as they had not played in any NHL games. This made five players on Olympic rosters—one Austrian, two Italians and two Canadians—ineligible. Players who had played in other professional leagues—such as

5338-583: The AHAUS in the upcoming Olympics. The LIHG passed a resolution that its teams would only play against teams approved by the CAHA and the AHAUS, which was accepted by the Swiss Olympic organizing committee. Brundage threatened that the USOC would boycott the Olympics if the AHAUS team was recognized. The Swiss Olympic organizing committee insisted on the AHAUS team being recognized, despite persistent charges by Brundage that

5495-510: The AHAUS team was "tainted with professionalism". Brundage and the AAU supported a National Collegiate Athletic Association team instead. After bitter negotiations which were not resolved until the night before the Olympics, the AHAUS team was allowed to play in the tournament, but the IOC declared those games would not count in the standings. Both Czechoslovakia and Canada won seven games and tied when they played each other. The gold medal winner

5652-615: The Boston Bruins held in Hershey, Pennsylvania in October 1941. The highest level of hockey he had played at the time was as a centreman for his school team. He was offered a contract to play for the Boston Olympics , a farm team for the Bruins. His father insisted his son was too young for professional hockey, and that he should first complete a proper education. Bauer later stated that it

5809-481: The CAHA and the NHL. Bauer stated that the foundation had its limits, since it was not granted tax-exempt status to accept donations. The CAHA hosted a Canadian Centennial tournament in 1967 and invited the national teams from the United States, Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. The event was also an attempt to show that Winnipeg would be a suitable host location for the World Championships. The national team Bauer assembled for

5966-412: The CAHA in January 1963 and reached a financial agreement for the new team. Bauer began the national team program in September 1963. He recruited Bob Hindmarch to be the team's general manager and assistant coach, and Dennis Selder took over coaching duties of the UBC Thunderbirds. Bauer sought players with athletic and academic morals committed to their studies and training. He prepared the players for

6123-583: The Czech Republic and then lost the bronze medal game to Finland. Led by goaltender Dominik Hašek , the Czech team defeated Russia, winning its first gold medal in the sport. Following the tournament, NHL commissioner Gary Bettman commented that it "was what we had predicted and hoped for from a pure hockey perspective, [it was] a wonderful tournament". The next tournament format was hosted in Salt Lake City , United States. Finnish centre Raimo Helminen became

6280-543: The Czechs, "One is cholera, the other the plague." The 2010 Winter Olympics were held in Vancouver , British Columbia, Canada, the first time since NHL players started competing that the Olympics were held in a city with an NHL team. Teemu Selänne of Finland scored his 37th point, breaking the record of 36 first set by Canadian Harry Watson in 1924 and later tied by Vlastimil Bubník of Czechoslovakia, and Valeri Kharlamov of

6437-412: The Government of Canada for the national team to travel to the 1969 Ice Hockey World Championships in Sweden. Bauer's team was inexperienced internationally, and lost twice each to the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and Sweden, and place fourth overall. Ice hockey at the Olympics Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at

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6594-504: The IIHF Congress in 1969, the IIHF decided to allow Canada to use nine non-NHL professional hockey players at the 1970 World Championships in Montreal and Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada. The decision was reversed in January 1970 after IOC President Brundage said that ice hockey's status as an Olympic sport would be in jeopardy if the change was made. In response, Canada withdrew from international ice hockey competition and officials stated that they would not return until "open competition"

6751-408: The IIHF introduced a playoff system. The new system was used at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville , France. Preliminary round-robin games were held and followed by an eight-team cup-system style medal round that culminated in a gold medal game. Before 1989, players who lived in the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and other nations behind the Iron Curtain were not allowed to leave and play in

6908-416: The IIHF, and recognized the AHAUS as the governing body of hockey in the United States instead of the AAU. The IIHF considered whether to have an ice hockey tournament at the Winter Olympics, or host a separate Ice Hockey World Championships elsewhere in Switzerland in 1948. Avery Brundage of the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) reportedly campaigned to IIHF delegates to vote against inclusion of

7065-417: The IOC held to the traditional rules regarding amateurism until 1988. Near the end of the 1960s, the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) felt their amateur players could no longer be competitive against the Soviet team's full-time athletes and the other constantly improving European teams. They pushed for the ability to use players from professional leagues but met opposition from the IIHF and IOC. At

7222-421: The IOC on terms acceptable to the CAHA. CAHA president George Dudley subsequently threatened to withdraw Canada from the Olympics over the definition of amateur. An IOC decision on the matter was postponed when the 1940 Winter Olympics and 1944 Winter Olympics were cancelled due to World War II . In 1947, the LIHG agreed to a merger with the International Ice Hockey Association, was subsequently renamed to

7379-404: The IOC voted to approve women's hockey as an Olympic event; it was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. The Nagano Organizing Committee was hesitant to include the event because of the additional costs of staging the tournament, but an agreement was reached that limited the field to six teams, and ensured that no additional facilities would be built. The Canadian teams have dominated

7536-471: The Ice Hockey World Championships as part of the Canadian Centennial celebrations in 1967, Bauer hoped that the rejection of the bid would inspire more support from the Government of Canada and the Canadian public to restore national pride in hockey. In April 1966, Bauer said, "Our biggest problem is the task of making Canadian out of all of us. We have to start someplace and we have to help our own Canadian athletes". Bauer recruited Jackie McLeod to become

7693-421: The Majors in 1960, and Bauer took over as head coach for the 1960–61 OHA season in addition to his role as general manager. He stressed fundamentals of defensive play without the puck and taught players how to absorb contact without getting hurt. He occasionally had his players switch positions with one another to learn an appreciation of their teammate's contributions. The Majors finished in second place during

7850-454: The NHL. Soviet officials agreed to allow players to leave following the 1989 World Championships . The Soviet Union dissolved in December 1991. Nine former Soviet states became part of the IIHF and started competing internationally, including the successor state Russia , as well as Belarus , Kazakhstan , Latvia and Ukraine . At the 1992 Olympics, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan competed as one entity, known as

8007-401: The NWOOC and IOC Coordination Committee reached an agreement to include a women's ice hockey tournament in the programme. Part of the agreement was that the tournament would be limited to six teams, and no additional facilities would be built. The CAHA also agreed to help build and train the Japanese team so that it could be more competitive. The IOC had agreed that if the NAOOC had not approved

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8164-421: The North American ice hockey rules , and intended to change Canada's reputation of being heavily penalized for rough play. Canada finished in fourth place based on goal differential at the 1964 Winter Olympics , amidst accusations that International Ice Hockey Federation president Bunny Ahearne made a last-minute change to the tie-breaking rules to take away a medal from Canada. Bauer transitioned into managing

8321-400: The Olympic Games and the Ice Hockey World Championships . When the Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen represented Canada, Ray Bauer funded expenses for the team through the family business, since the Government of Canada declined to provide funding and the CAHA did not cover all of the travel expenses. The Bauers felt it was unfair for one city to pay most of the expenses to send a team to represent

8478-425: The Olympic hockey tournament was also counted as the Ice Hockey World Championship for that year. The Soviet Union first participated in 1956 and overtook Canada as the dominant international team, winning seven of the nine tournaments in which they participated. The United States won gold medals in 1960 and in 1980 , which included their " Miracle on Ice " upset of the Soviet Union. Canada went 50 years without

8635-402: The Olympic tournament. The women's tournament uses a similar qualification format. The top six teams in the IIHF Women's World Ranking after the 2008 Women's World Ice Hockey Championships received automatic berths. Teams ranked 13th and below were divided into two groups for a first qualification round in September 2008. The two group winners advanced to the second qualification round, where

8792-445: The Olympics and at the Ice Hockey World Championships ; which was a radical change from the existing practice of the reigning Allan Cup champion team being selected. He established the Canada men's national ice hockey team program in September 1963, seeking players with athletic and academic morals committed to their studies and training. He prepared the players for the larger international ice hockey rink surface and differences from

8949-456: The Olympics since the event was not competitively balanced and was dominated by Canada and the United States. Team Canada captain Hayley Wickenheiser explained that the talent gap between the North American and European countries was due to the presence of women's professional leagues in North America, along with year-round training facilities. She stated the European players were talented, but their respective national team programs were not given

9106-420: The Olympics then had an audience with Pope Paul VI in the Vatican City on February 15, 1964. When Bauer returned to Canada, he met with the CAHA to discuss the negative academic impact of the national team. He felt that the players had been capable students who were aware of the academic sacrifices in advance, but that representing Canada had been more important to them than their studies. Despite that seven of

9263-491: The Olympics. Ice hockey at the 1964 Winter Olympics was played from January 27 to February 9 at Innsbruck , Austria. Canada won its qualification game by a 14–1 score over Yugoslavia to be seeded in Group A. Bauer's team followed with an 8–0 win over Switzerland , a 4–2 win over Germany , a 6–2 win over Finland , and an 8–6 win over the United States . During the game versus Sweden , opposing player Carl-Göran Öberg broke his stick and tossed it aside. The broken end of

9420-491: The Soviet Union. Slovakia made the final four for the first time, but lost the bronze medal game to Finland 3–5. In the gold medal game, Canada and the United States ended regulation play with a 2–2 tie, making it only the second Olympic gold medal match to go into overtime. Canadian player Sidney Crosby scored the winning goal 7:40 into overtime play to give Canada its eighth gold medal in men's hockey. The 2014 Winter Olympics were held in Sochi , Russia, and retained

9577-426: The Soviet Union. Bauer talked the players into continuing after staying up all night, but Canada lost the final game and earned the bronze medal. The Canadian Hockey Foundation was established in 1966 to oversee the national team. Since the foundation was not directly connected to the CAHA, it allowed the national team more flexibility in choosing players since it could bypass the professional-amateur agreement between

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9734-477: The St. Michael's Majors to victory in the 1961 Memorial Cup . Bauer was reassigned to St. Mark's College at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in 1961, then coached the UBC Thunderbirds for two seasons and led them to the finals at the 1963 CIAU University Cup . The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association approved a proposal by Bauer to have a team of Canadian university students combined with senior ice hockey players to represent Canada in ice hockey at

9891-532: The Thunderbirds and made the financial and academic arrangements for the players to get to Vancouver. The university had no rink of its own at the time, and used Kerrisdale Arena or the North Shore Winter Club's curling rink for practice, with games played at the Vancouver Forum . Bauer taught a defence-first mentality to his team which was not the most skilled, and cancelled practices as needed to allow his players to catch up academically. The Thunderbirds won two exhibition games, but were winless in league games during

10048-415: The Thunderbirds wanted to get rid of coach Al Stuart and Bauer agreed to take over in January 1962, after persistent requests by the players and meetings with the UBC athletic director. After it was announced the Bauer was coaching, more players wanted to join the team in addition to Bauer beginning a recruitment program across Canada. UBC physical education teacher Bob Hindmarch became general manager of

10205-419: The United States 3–2, as Marie-Philip Poulin scored at 8:10 of overtime to win their fourth consecutive gold, rebounding from a two-nothing deficit late in the game. With the win, Canadians Hayley Wickenheiser , Jayna Hefford and Caroline Ouellette became the first athletes to win four ice hockey gold medals. They also joined Soviet biathlete Alexander Tikhonov and German speedskater Claudia Pechstein as

10362-412: The United States finished last at the World Championships and was relegated to Pool B . The team qualified for the 1972 Olympics and won silver, making it the first Pool B team to win an Olympic medal. Czechoslovakia won the bronze medal in 1972. In 1976, Czechoslovakia won the silver and West Germany won bronze. Along with Canada, the Swedish team did not participate in the 1976 tournament joining

10519-433: The United States' team—led by head coach Herb Brooks —consisted exclusively of amateur players with mostly college experience, and was the youngest team in the tournament and in U.S. national team history. In the group stage, both the Soviet and U.S. teams were unbeaten; the U.S. achieved several notable results, including a 2–2 draw against Sweden, and a 7–3 upset victory over second-place favorites Czechoslovakia . For

10676-422: The Winter Olympics programme. The IOC made the Winter Games a permanent fixture and they were held the same year as the Summer Games until 1992. Following that, further Winter Games have been held on the third year (i.e. 1994 , 1998 , etc.) of each Olympiad. The men's tournament held at the 1920 Summer Olympics was organized by a committee that included future LIHG president Paul Loicq . The tournament used

10833-441: The advances of professional teams that tried to sign junior-aged players to contracts, and felt that the players needed more time to develop. He and the Basilian fathers lobbied for a shortened schedule for the Toronto St. Michael's Majors in the OHA's top tier of junior hockey after the 1958–59 season, since they believed it was too long and detrimental to academic studies for their students. Bob Goldham resigned as head coach of

10990-431: The afternoon, and studied later in the evening. Most of the team lived on the Point Grey campus of the University of British Columbia in a house which had previously been a transmitter station during World War II. The close-knit atmosphere promoting team bonding, as did a group effort to fix and renovate the house. Bauer recruited a German housekeeper named Ma Byers from a local restaurant in Vancouver to cook and act as

11147-414: The aristocracy as exemplified in the English public schools . The public schools subscribed to the belief that sport formed an important part of education and there was a prevailing concept of fairness in which practicing or training was considered cheating. As class structure evolved through the 20th century, the definition of the amateur athlete as an aristocratic gentleman became outdated. The advent of

11304-556: The best game he had seen the Soviets play. Hockey Canada was incorporated in 1968, and the took over management of the national team from the Canadian Hockey Foundation in 1969. Bauer was appointed a member of the board of directors, which decided at its first meeting to make the eligibility of professionals at the World Championships its priority for improving the national team. Hockey Canada successfully secured funding from

11461-481: The boycott. The Winter Olympics returned to Lake Placid, New York in 1980 . Twelve teams participated in the tournament , including Canada for the first time since 1968. The Soviet Union had won the gold medal in five of the six previous Winter Olympic Games, and were the favorites to win once more in Lake Placid. The team consisted of full-time players with significant experience in international play. By contrast,

11618-405: The bronze medal based on the goal differential in the three games among the tied countries. When they attended the presentation of the Olympic medals, they were disappointed to learn they had finished in fourth place based on goal differential of all seven games played. The players and CAHA president Art Potter accused that International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) president Bunny Ahearne , made

11775-493: The bronze medal-winning Czech team only had to play three (winning one). Erik Bergvall , the creator of the system, stated that it was used incorrectly and that a tournament of all of the losing teams from the first round should have been played for the silver medal. Because of these criticisms, the Bergvall System was not used again for ice hockey. In 1924 , the tournament was played in a round-robin format , consisting of

11932-507: The bronze medal. For the 2002 Winter Olympics , the number of teams was increased to eight with Russia , Germany and Kazakhstan qualifying for the first time. The Canadian and American teams went undefeated in the first round and semi-finals, setting up a gold medal rematch that the Canadian team won 3–2. Following the game, members of the Canadian team accused the Americans of stomping on

12089-491: The bronze medal. The tournament was played from 23 to 29 April and seven teams participated: Canada , Czechoslovakia , the United States , Switzerland , Sweden , France and Belgium . Canada chose to send the Allan Cup -winning Winnipeg Falcons . The Swedish team consisted of mostly bandy players, many of whom had only started playing hockey in preparation for the tournament. Canadian team manager W. A. Hewitt refereed

12246-579: The college, and served as the dean of residence and the chaplain at St. Paul's Hospital . Prior to Bauer's arrival at St. Mark's, he received a letter from the university's athletics department asking him to coach the UBC Thunderbirds which played in the Western Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Association . He agreed to assist the coach for the 1961–62 season, but was initially reluctant to do more. Players on

12403-404: The correct decision was made despite the accusations. At the same meeting, Bauer was given approval to continue the national team program and transitioned from coaching into a managing and advisory role. Bauer travelled with the team regularly on international tours during the late 1960s. He attracted a following as a priest in Europe, and conducted mass at various locations including motels with

12560-533: The country competing in eleven sports, ten of which were also qualifiers for the 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games in Los Angeles , California , United States. David Bauer (ice hockey) David William Bauer CSB OC (November 2, 1924 – November 9, 1988) was a Canadian ice hockey player and coach, educator and Catholic priest. He was a member of the Basilians , and established

12717-501: The culture of Japan. He also coached the Austria men's national ice hockey team during the 1973 Ice Hockey World Championships . Throughout his career, he felt that hockey was a means to teach the game of life and way for boys to become men. He advocated for players receiving an education and was opposed to the growing professionalism in the amateur game. Bauer received many honours, which included induction into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame ,

12874-486: The event won all three games played and defeated the Soviet Union by a 5–4 score in the final game. At the 1967 Ice Hockey World Championships , Bauer's team won four of seven games played, but lost to the Soviet Union by a 2–1 score and finished with the bronze medal. The CAHA established a second national team to increase the available pool of players at the next Olympics in 1968. Bauer recruited Jack Bownass to coach

13031-484: The event, it would be held at the 2002 Winter Olympics . The format of the first tournament was similar to the men's: preliminary round-robin games followed by a medal round playoff. Before 1998, women's hockey had been dominated by Canada . Canadian teams had won every World Championship up to that point; however, by 1997, the American team had improved and was evenly matched with Canada. In thirteen games played between

13188-450: The event. The United States won the first tournament in 1998 and in 2018. Canada has won all of the other tournaments (2002–2014, 2022). The first Olympic ice hockey tournament took place at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp , Belgium . At the time, organized international ice hockey was still relatively new. The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), the sport's governing body ,

13345-499: The fact that one day I would have to account to God for the talents He had given me, and that there was a priority in terms of the development of our talents that included not just my own self-fulfillment but also the playing of a role in the development of world peace". Bauer returned to Waterloo for another year at St. Jerome's, then followed in the footsteps of his brothers Frank and Bobby when he enrolled at St. Michael's College School to play hockey. Bauer served as team captain of

13502-452: The final two games of the Olympics by a 3–1 score to Czechoslovakia, and by a 3–2 to the Soviet Union after Canada held a 2–1 advantage in the second period. Based on his understanding of the tie-breaking procedure, Bauer's philosophy was to simply win the games against the weaker countries instead of running up the score. Canada, Czechoslovakia and Sweden finished with identical records of five wins and two losses. Canada thought they had won

13659-460: The first game in the medal round, the United States played the Soviets. The first period finished tied at 2–2, and the Soviets led 3–2 following the second. The U.S. team scored two more goals to take their first lead during the third and final period, winning the game 4–3. Following the game, the U.S. went on to clinch the gold medal by beating Finland in the final. The Soviet Union took the silver medal by beating Sweden . The victory became one of

13816-550: The first game played, an 8–0 win by Sweden versus Belgium. Canada won all three of the team's games in the first round and won the gold medal, defeating Sweden in the final and outscoring opponents 27–1. In the two subsequent rounds, the United States and Czechoslovakia won the silver and bronze medals respectively. The Bergvall System was criticized, especially in Sweden, because the Swedish team had to play six games (winning three) while

13973-414: The first ice hockey player to compete in six tournaments. In the quarter-finals, Belarus defeated Sweden in one of the biggest upsets since the Miracle on Ice. The team lost to Canada 7–1 in the semi-final and Russia 7–2 in the bronze medal game, respectively. The Canadian team rebounded from a disappointing first round and defeated the American team (who eliminated Russia 3–2 in the semi-final) in

14130-464: The first team to win the Olympic and World Championship gold in the same year. Allegations have surfaced of Sweden throwing a game against Slovakia so the Swedes would face Switzerland in the quarterfinals instead of Canada or the Czech Republic. Shortly before the game, Sweden coach Bengt-Åke Gustafsson was reported to have publicly contemplated tanking in order to avoid those teams, saying about Canada and

14287-410: The first time, where they were narrowly defeated by Canada 2–1. Host nation Russia , considered a pre-tournament favourite, lost 3–1 in the quarterfinals to Finland and finished fifth. Entering the semi-finals undefeated after outscoring opponents 20–6, the United States lost to Canada 0–1, then lost the bronze medal game against Finland 0–5. Teemu Selänne scored six more points in the tournament,

14444-654: The for St. Michael's football team. The school had an undefeated football season in his senior year. Bauer played one final game for the Majors in the 1944–45 season, shortly before he enlisted in the Canadian Army on November 24, 1944, and assigned to Basic Training Unit 12 in Chatham, Ontario . All of his brothers completed military service during World War II ; Bobby and Ray were in the Royal Canadian Air Force , Jerry

14601-546: The full use of NHL players. The games of the tournament follow the rules of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), which differ slightly from the rules used in the NHL . In the men's tournament, Canada was the most successful team of the first three decades, winning six of seven gold medals from 1920 to 1952. Czechoslovakia , Sweden and the United States were also competitive during this period and won multiple medals. Between 1920 and 1968,

14758-512: The gold medal after Kirill Kaprizov scored the winning goal in overtime. The Russian players sang the banned anthem during the medal ceremony, but the IOC decided not to pursue any action. Canada won the bronze medal over the Czech Republic 6–4. Although NHL players were originally planned to participate in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, the league and the NHL Players' Association announced on 21 December 2021, that they would be pulling out of

14915-483: The gold medal game between Sweden and Canada , both teams finished regulation and overtime play with a 2–2 tie. In the resulting shootout , the first in Olympic competition, both nations scored two goals, which resulted in a sudden death shootout. Peter Forsberg of Sweden scored one of the most famous goals in Olympic history by faking a forehand shot, then sliding a one-handed backhand shot past goaltender Corey Hirsch . Canada's final shooter Paul Kariya 's shot

15072-411: The gold medal game, winning their first gold medal in 50 years and seventh in men's hockey overall. The tournament format was adjusted for 2006 . In the semi-finals, Sweden defeated the Czech Republic 7–3, and Finland beat Russia 4–0. Sweden won the gold medal defeating Finland 3–2 and the Czech Republic won the bronze medal. Three months later, Sweden won the 2006 World Championships and became

15229-554: The gold medal. At the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo , Italy, the Soviet team went undefeated and won its first gold medal. Canada's team lost to the Soviets and the United States in the medal round, winning the bronze. The 1960 Winter Olympics , in Squaw Valley , United States, saw the first, and to date only, team from Australia compete in the tournament. Canada , the Soviet Union , Czechoslovakia and Sweden were

15386-402: The history of hockey". Journalist Scott Young wrote that it was the best hockey news in Canada in years and should be given a chance. Journalist Jim Coleman reported that consensus at the time was "for Canada to embark on a radical new course", even if it included establishing a team of university students to represent Canada at international hockey events. Bauer and UBC officials met with

15543-401: The idea in a letter to the newspapers, and felt that the CAHA was letting Bauer assemble an all-star team at "a university that does not own a rink, located in an area that has never produced a hockey player, with a team that has never beaten anyone". When the CAHA approved the plan with only 20 minutes of discussion, journalist Trent Frayne stated that "Father Bauer is the greatest lobbyist in

15700-482: The larger international ice hockey rink surface, and differences from the North American ice hockey rules where body checking was limited to a team's defensive zone. He intended to change Canada's reputation in Europe of being heavily penalized for rough play and frequently criticized for hooliganism on ice. Bauer kept a regular schedule for the team which attended classes in the day time, practiced late in

15857-460: The medal games, Canada defeated Sweden 4–1 to claim its second consecutive gold medal, while the Americans beat Finland 4–0 to win the bronze. In 2010 , eight teams participated, including Slovakia for the first time. In the gold medal game, Canada defeated the United States 2–0 to win their third consecutive gold. The Finnish team won the bronze medal over Sweden 3–2 OT, their first since 1998. The future of international women's ice hockey

16014-460: The men's tournament, except in 1998 and 2002, when the number was raised to 14. The number of teams has ranged from 4 (in 1932) to 16 (in 1964). After the NHL allowed its players to compete at the 1998 Winter Olympics, the " Big Six " teams (Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States) were given automatic qualification and byes to the final round. The number of teams

16171-425: The most iconic moments of the Games and in U.S. sports. Equally well-known was the television call of the final seconds of the game by Al Michaels for ABC , in which he declared: "Do you believe in miracles?! YES!" In 1999, Sports Illustrated named the " Miracle on Ice " the top sports moment of the 20th century. As part of its centennial celebration in 2008, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) named

16328-769: The national championship. The Thunderbirds reached the final game of the Canadian Interuniversity Athletic Union men's ice hockey championship tournament in Kingston, Ontario . They lost the championship game for the CIAU University Cup by a 3–2 score to the McMaster Marauders , who scored the winning goal scored on a power play resulting from a too-many-men-on-the-ice penalty. During the season, Bauer worked with Vancouver alderman Frank Fredrickson, to secure C$ 500,000 in funding necessary to build

16485-537: The national team when the program relocated to Winnipeg in 1965, and assembled teams that won the bronze medal at the 1966 and 1967 World Championships, and the 1968 Winter Olympics . He later managed the national team which finished in sixth place at the 1980 Winter Olympics . When Canada withdrew from international play during the 1970s, Bauer instructed at hockey schools in Japan for two six-week periods each year, where his teachings on personal growth and discipline fit into

16642-405: The next coach of the national team since they had a similar style of being good listeners to players. At the 1966 Ice Hockey World Championships , Bauer expressed his frustrations about officiating at international events after a loss to Czechoslovakia by a 2–1 score, which saw two Canadian goals disallowed. The players wanted to withdraw from the World Championships prior to the final game versus

16799-504: The only athletes to win gold medals in four straight Winter Olympics. In the bronze medal game Switzerland beat Sweden 4–3 to win their first women's medal. In 2018 , the United States defeated Canada for the gold medal in a shootout, winning 3–2. The Americans' winning the gold medal game marks the first time in 20 years that the United States took home a gold medal in women's hockey. They previously won in 1998 in Nagano, Japan , which

16956-476: The players being starving scholar athletes. Bauer also arranged for the national team players to give back to the community in exchange for better funding from politicians. Bauer's national team played its first game wearing Canadian jerseys on November 12, 1963, in an exhibition win versus the Melville Millionaires . The national team went on to play 33 exhibition games across Canada in preparation for

17113-522: The players had dropped out of their courses and nine others completed less than half of their courses, Bauer felt it possible to find other methods to prevent academic impacts for the students on the national team. At the CAHA general meeting in May 1964, Ahearne clarified that the decision to place Canada fourth in the standings was supported by the IIHF statutes and that no rules were changed. Former CAHA president and past IIHF president Robert Lebel agreed that

17270-498: The playoffs were introduced for the first time since 1920 . In 1998, the format of the tournament was adjusted to accommodate the NHL schedule; a preliminary round was played without NHL players or the top six teams—Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States—followed by a final round which included them. The tournament format was changed again in 2006; every team played five preliminary games with

17427-516: The playoffs. Bauer played for the Generals team which won the Eastern Canada championship and then won the 1944 Memorial Cup to become Canadian junior champions. Bauer scored four goals and five assists during the championship series for the Generals. Bauer received two varsity letters for athletics at St. Michael's College School. He also played golf, tennis, baseball and was the quarterback on

17584-651: The regular season and playoffs for the Memorial Cup. St. Michael's could no longer justify participation in the top tier of the OHA and chose to withdraw from the Ontario Hockey Association Junior A series . Bauer stated in a 1987 interview that, "We regretted very much leaving because we knew that this [school] is a major recreational institution in this country". After the official announcement on June 6, 1961, Bauer placed his protégé Jim Gregory in charge of

17741-460: The same game format used in Vancouver 2010, while returning to the larger international-sized ice rinks. Slovenia participated for the first time, upsetting Slovakia in the round-robin before losing to Sweden in the quarterfinals 0–5, for its best finish in any international tournament. Latvia upset Switzerland 3–1 in the qualification playoffs, also making it to the Olympic quarterfinals for

17898-454: The same level of support as the European men's national teams, or the North American women's national teams. She stressed the need for women to have their own professional league which would be for the benefit of international hockey. IIHF vice-president Murray Costello promised to invest $ 2-million towards developing international women's hockey. At the 2014 Winter Olympics , Canada defeated

18055-822: The season, then defeated the Guelph Royals in the playoffs for the OHA championship. The Majors won the Eastern Canada final defeating the Moncton Beavers then travelled to Edmonton to play in the 1961 Memorial Cup . The Majors defeated the Edmonton Oil Kings in six games and won the school's fourth Memorial Cup. The Basilian fathers again discussed the length of the season and the amount of travel having an effect on academics. They were also concerned with increasing physical play and growing similarities with professional leagues. The Majors had played 98 games including

18212-561: The season. In the 1962–63 season, 120 players came to training camp for the Thunderbirds. Bauer selected the best skaters for the team, and arranged for exhibition games versus senior ice hockey teams in British Columbia. The Thunderbirds combined with players from the Toronto Marlboros to play an exhibition game versus the Soviet Union national ice hockey team , but lost by a 6–0 score. The Thunderbirds had an annual rivalry with

18369-575: The second team which was based in Ottawa . Bauer considered both teams equal and disliked attempts by the media to label them as an "A-team" in Winnipeg and a "B-team" in Ottawa. In ice hockey at the 1968 Winter Olympics , Canada won five of seven games played and earned the bronze medal. Canada went into the final game versus the Soviet Union with a chance to win gold, but lost by a 5–0 score and Bauer described it as

18526-621: The self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage. The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time basis. In 1986, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted to allow professional athletes to compete in the Olympic Games starting in 1988. The National Hockey League (NHL)

18683-440: The sport's inclusion in the programme. Five European nations had committed to participating in the tournament and the managers of Antwerp's Palais de Glace stadium refused to allow the building to be used for figure skating unless ice hockey was included. The IIHF considers the 1920 tournament to be the first Ice Hockey World Championship . From then on, the two events occurred concurrently, and every Olympic tournament until 1968

18840-668: The start of NHL participation in 1998, as well as the first team to go undefeated since 1984. The Olympic ice hockey tournament in PyeongChang in 2018 was held without participation of NHL players for the first time since the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer. The favorites to win the gold medal were the Russians due to their domestic league, the KHL , taking an Olympic break and allowing such stars as Pavel Datsyuk and Ilya Kovalchuk to play on

18997-418: The state-sponsored "full-time amateur athlete" of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage. The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train on a full-time basis. Nevertheless,

19154-447: The stick went towards the Canadian players' bench, where it struck Bauer in the face and opened a bleeding wound. Bauer demanded for his players to remain on the bench and not retaliate, since he did not want to take penalties late in the game. Canada went on to win by a 3–1 score, and Bauer forgave Öberg for the incident. On the next day, Bauer invited Öberg to sit with him while watching the Soviet Union play Czechoslovakia . Canada lost

19311-525: The team in a three-way tie for second place with Sweden and Czechoslovakia . Before 1964, the tie-breaking procedure was based on goal difference in games against teams in the medal round; under that system, Canada would have placed third ahead of the Czechoslovakian team. During the tournament the procedure was changed to take all games into consideration, which meant that the Canadians finished fourth. At

19468-558: The team. As a consequence of a doping scandal , the IOC banned the Russian federation, but allowed Russian athletes to compete under the Olympic flag after passing anti-doping tests. The final was played between the Germans, who unexpectedly eliminated the Canadians in the semi-final, and the Olympic Athletes from Russia . In the final, the Russians prevailed, defeating Germany 4–3, and won

19625-542: The team. The Majors operated for one more season and played a shortened 33-game schedule in the Metro Junior A League for the 1961–62 OHA season . The team was transferred to Neil McNeil High School and became known as the Toronto Neil McNeil Maroons in 1962. The Basilian fathers reassigned Bauer to St. Mark's College at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in 1961. He taught ethics to nurses at

19782-404: The teams ranked seventh through twelfth joined them. The IIHF lists the following requirements for a player to be eligible to play in international tournaments: If a player who has never played in an IIHF competition changes their citizenship, they must participate in national competitions in their new country for at least two consecutive years and have an international transfer card (ITC). If

19939-496: The time, and their coach Gord Simpson continued in the same role for the national team. Players on the team attending UBC were transferred to the University of Manitoba , and Bauer continued his recruitments efforts. He saw the merger as the beginning of a truly national team based in the geographic centre of the country. Bauer assembled a mix of veteran and student players for the 1965 Ice Hockey World Championships . Canada finished in fourth place with four wins in seven games. He

20096-472: The time, the Olympics counted as the World Championships; under their (unchanged) rules, Canada should have received bronze for the World Championships. The Soviet Union won its third gold medal with a 7–1 record in the 1968 Grenoble Olympics . Czechoslovakia and Canada won the silver and bronze medals. It was the last time that the Olympics were counted as the World Championships. In 1970, Canada withdrew from international ice hockey competition protesting

20253-472: The top four teams heading into the Games, but were all defeated by the American team , which won all seven games en route to its first Olympic gold medal. Canada won the silver medal and the Soviet Union won the bronze. At the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck , Austria, the Soviet team won all seven of its games, earning the gold medal. Canada finished the tournament with five wins and two losses, putting

20410-443: The tournament record for career goals. He also set the record for career points with 36 (assists were not counted at the time), which stood until 2010. Eleven teams participated in the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz , Switzerland. The Canadian team was given a bye to the medal round and won all of its games by a combined score of 38–0. The Swedish and Swiss teams won their first medals—silver and bronze respectively—and

20567-512: The tournament, citing the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Finland won their first ever ice hockey gold medal after going undefeated and beating the Russian Olympic Committee in the final. Slovakia claimed their first ever bronze medal after defeating Sweden 4–0. For the first time in history, the Czech Republic did not qualify for the quarter-finals and finished in ninth place, their lowest placement in history. At

20724-481: The two teams in 1997, Canada won seven and the United States won six. The 1998 Olympic tournament also included teams from Finland , Sweden , China and host Japan . Canada and the United States dominated the round-robin portion. In their head-to-head match, the United States overcame a 4–1 deficit to win 7–4. The two teams met in the final, which the United States won 3–1 to become the third American ice hockey team to win Olympic gold. Finland defeated China 4–1 to win

20881-560: The use of full-time "amateurs" by the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia, and the team did not participate in the 1972 and 1976 Winter Olympics . Led by goaltender Vladislav Tretiak and forwards Valeri Kharlamov , Alexander Yakushev , Vladimir Petrov and Boris Mikhailov , the Soviet team won gold at both the 1972 Games in Sapporo , Japan and 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria. In 1971,

21038-444: The whole country. Bauer spoke with American coaches during the World Championships, and learned of their detailed preparation plans for the 1964 Winter Olympics, whereas Canada did not yet know which team would represent the country. Bauer suggested it might be time for Canadian universities and colleges to represent the country since they met amateur eligibility requirements, and he felt there were young men who would be interested in

21195-399: Was a loss to Finland . The Finnish team was not considered a serious medal contender—it had competed in the World Championships since 1939 and had not won a single medal. However, Finland upset the Soviets 2–1 and won silver. The IIHF decided to change the tournament format because in several cases, the gold medal winner had been decided before the final day of play. During a congress in 1990,

21352-417: Was a traumatic experience for him not to pursue his dream of playing professional hockey, which had resulted in him looking for something more in life. "In a sense the founding of the national team dates back to when I was 15 years of age. It was then that my father told me that I would be a professional hockey player before I got an education — over his dead body. During those years he also impressed upon me

21509-416: Was accepted by the IIHF, and also wanted to exclude IIHF president Fritz Kraatz from negotiations. George Dudley and W. G. Hardy agreed there would be no negotiations on those terms, nor would they repudiate Kraatz. Dudley referred to the IOC as dictatorial and undemocratic, and expected the IIHF to discuss having its own 1952 Ice Hockey World Championships instead. He further stated that the Olympics would be

21666-476: Was also against Canada. Canada's loss effectively ended their winning streak of four consecutive winter games, having won since 2002 . The 2022 edition was played with ten teams for the first time. Canada won their fifth gold medal, defeating the United States in the final 3–2. Finland defeated Switzerland 4–0 for the bronze medal. The final standings were a repeat of the 2021 IIHF Women's World Championship . Since 1976, 12 teams have participated in

21823-660: Was an automotive supplies manufacturer and a Knight Commander of the Order of St. Sylvester . Edgar Bauer also served as president of Globe Furniture and the Waterloo Fire Insurance Company, and sat on the Waterloo City Council and the public utilities commission. His mother Alice Bertha Hayes was active in the Catholic Women's League of Canada and a member of the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Guild. Bauer

21980-512: Was created on 15 May 1908, and was known as the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LIHG) until 1947. At the 1914 Olympic Congress in Paris, ice hockey was added to the list of optional sports that Olympics organizers could include. The decision to include ice hockey for the 1920 Summer Olympics was made in January, three months before the start of the Games. Several occurrences led to

22137-408: Was derived from Psalm 119 . Bauer taught ethics, religion, theology and history, while coaching the hockey and football programs. In January 1957, he was named assistant principal of St. Michael's. Bauer sat on the junior ice hockey council for the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA), and coached and managed teams at all levels of hockey offered by St. Michael's. He protected his players against

22294-573: Was determined by goal difference : Canada won the gold because it had an average of 13.8 goals per game compared to Czechoslovakia's average of 4.3. Czechoslovakia's team was quickly improving; it won the 1947 and 1949 World Championships . The AHAUS team finished fourth in the standings in 1948. Discussions began in 1950, whether or not ice hockey would be included in the 1952 Winter Olympics hosted in Oslo . The IOC sought assurance that participating teams would adhere to its amateur code rather than what

22451-519: Was discussed at the World Hockey Summit in 2010, and dealt with how IIHF member associations could work together to grow the game and increase registration numbers, and the relative strength of the women's game in North America compared to the rest of the world. International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge raised concerns that the women's hockey tournament might be eliminated from

22608-467: Was finesse. Dave was more grinding, He had all kinds of talent, and when it came to determination, no one was better. He would've made it to the NHL easily if he had wanted to". Bauer and the Majors were finalists for the J. Ross Robertson Cup in 1943–44 season, but lost to the Oshawa Generals . Wartime replacement rules allowed the Generals to add up to four players from the Majors in the remainder of

22765-407: Was forced to work its way up. Both nations competed in the tournament at the 1994 Winter Olympics , as did Russia . Slovakia and Finland both finished the preliminary round undefeated. Slovakia lost their medal round quarter-final game to Russia 2–3 OT, who later lost to Sweden 3–4 in the semi-final and Finland (who was defeated by Canada in another semi-final) 0–4 in the bronze medal game. In

22922-942: Was in the Royal Canadian Navy , and Frank, Eugene and Dave were in the Canadian Army. While serving with the army, Bauer played hockey for the Royal Canadian Postal Corps in the Ottawa National Defence Hockey League and then briefly with the Windsor Spitfires in the Windsor City Hockey League. He enrolled at the University of Toronto upon release from the Army. His playing career ended with the University of Toronto Varsity Blues during

23079-400: Was increased to 14 so that a preliminary round-robin tournament consisting of eight teams could be held. The top two teams from the preliminary round ( Belarus and Kazakhstan ) joined the "Big Six" in the finals. A similar system was used in 2002. For the following tournament, the number of teams was lowered to 12 so that all teams played fewer games. Qualification for the men's tournament at

23236-651: Was initially hesitant to include the event because of the additional costs of staging the tournament and because they felt their team, which had failed to qualify for that year's World Championships , could not be competitive. According to Glynis Peters, the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association 's (CAHA) head of female hockey, "the Japanese would have to finance an entirely new sports operation to bring their team up to Olympic standards in six years, which they were also really reluctant to do." In November 1992,

23393-440: Was initially reluctant to allow its players to compete because the Olympics are held in the middle of the NHL season, and the league would have to halt play if many of its players participated. Eventually, NHL players were admitted starting in 1998. From 1924 to 1988, the tournament started with a round-robin series of games and ended with the medal round. Medals were awarded based on points accumulated during that round. In 1992,

23550-404: Was instituted. Günther Sabetzki became president of the IIHF in 1975 and helped to resolve the dispute with the CAHA. In 1976, the IIHF agreed to allow "open competition" between all players in the World Championships. However, NHL players were still not allowed to play in the Olympics, because of the unwillingness of the NHL to take a break mid-season and the IOC's amateur-only policy. Before

23707-429: Was named tournament MVP and boosted his modern-era Olympic career record for points to 43 (24 goals, 19 assists). At the age of 43, he also set records as both the oldest Olympic goal-scorer and oldest Olympic ice hockey medal winner. Canada defeated Sweden 3–0 to win its ninth Olympic gold medal. The team did not trail at any point over the course of the tournament, and became the first back-to-back gold medal winner since

23864-467: Was opened on July 7, 2008. On August 21, 2009, the Thunderbird Sports Centre was renamed Doug Mitchell Thunderbird Sports Centre in honour of Doug Mitchell, an UBC alumnus , lawyer , and amateur and professional sports leader. The venue was used for several men's and women's ice hockey at the 2010 Winter Olympics , and was used for sledge hockey in the 2010 Winter Paralympics . The venue

24021-423: Was satisfied with the result since the team had only been together for three weeks, but he felt it would be difficult for Canada to win the World Championships within the next five years. Bauer conferred with CAHA president Lionel Fleury , and discussed the merits of skipping the next World Championships to regroup and give the players more time to develop as a team. After the CAHA made an unsuccessful bid to host

24178-416: Was saved by Tommy Salo and Sweden won the game and its first gold medal. In 1995, an agreement to allow NHL players to participate in Olympics was reached between the IOC, IIHF, NHL, and National Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA). The format of the 1998 tournament was adjusted to accommodate the NHL's schedule. Canada, considered a pre-tournament favourite, was upset in the semi-final round by

24335-532: Was the youngest of 11 children and had five brothers and five sisters. He attended St. Louis Separate School as a youth followed by three years at St. Jerome's College School . As a youth, Bauer played pond hockey in Victoria Park with friends who included Howie Meeker and George Hainsworth Jr. The Bauers later had an ice rink constructed at their house, including side boards, painted lines and floodlights. All of Bauer's brothers played ice hockey and won

24492-525: Was unanimously endorsed in principle at the general meeting, then given final approval at the CAHA executive meeting in August 1962, with partial funding provided towards board and tuition. The Canadian Olympic Association gave its approval to the proposal in October 1962. The proposal was opposed by professional leagues including the NHL who would be competing for the same players. University of Alberta physical education director Maury Van Vliet , criticized

24649-519: Was used in Canada's first round draw against France in the Davis Cup in February 2012, and it was used again in February and April 2013 when Canada faced Spain and then Italy. The 2014 Special Olympics Canada Summer Games were held in Vancouver and the university was the host venue for the competition being held from July 7 to 13, 2014. The Games featured athletes with an intellectual disability from across

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