Wöginger • Rendi-Wagner • Kickl • Maurer • Meinl-Reisinger •
67-548: Graz ( German: [ɡʁaːts] ) is the capital of the Austrian federal state of Styria and the second-largest city in Austria, after Vienna . As of 1 January 2024, Graz had a population of 303,270. In 2023, the population of the Graz larger urban zone (LUZ) stood at 660,238. Graz is known as a college and university city, with four colleges and four universities. Combined,
134-503: A City of Culinary Delights in 2008. The name of the city, Graz, formerly spelled Gratz and also formlerly known as Grätz , most likely stems from the Slavic gradec/gradac , which means "small castle". Some archaeological finds point to the erection of a small castle by Alpine Slavic people, who settled in the region after the Barbarian invasions drove out the original Celts, as well as
201-553: A cable-hauled lift being in use between 1528 and 1595 to move construction materials for the fortifications. The castle was never conquered, but it was largely demolished by Napoleonic forces under the Treaty of Schönbrunn of 1809. The clock tower (the Uhrturm ) and bell tower (the Glockenturm ) were spared after the people of Graz paid a ransom for their preservation. The remains of
268-480: A car. The city has a comprehensive bus network, complementing the Graz tram network , which has six lines. Four lines pass through the underground tram stop at the central train station (Hauptbahnhof) and on to the city centre before branching out. Furthermore, there are eight night-time bus routes, although these run only at weekends and on evenings preceding public holidays. The Castle Hill funicular (Schlossbergbahn) , and
335-406: A city council, the deputies can only deal with city affairs; when meeting as a federal state parliament, they can only deal with affairs of the state. Austrian federalism is largely theoretical, as the federal states are granted few legislative powers. Austria's constitution initially granted all legislative powers to the federal states, but many powers have been subsequently taken away, and only
402-522: A coalition with the Greens and SPÖ. The most recent city council election was held on 26 September 2021, and the results were as follows: During 2003 Graz held the title of " European Capital of Culture " and was one of the UNESCO "Cities of Design" in 2011. The most important museums in Graz are: The city centre and the adjacent districts are characterized by the historic residential buildings and churches. In
469-629: A defensive border, in which the peasantry is taught how to organize and fight in the case of an invasion. With a strategic location at the head of the open and fertile Mur valley, Graz was historically a target of invaders, such as the Hungarians under Matthias Corvinus in 1481, and the Ottoman Turks in 1529 and 1532. Apart from the Riegersburg Castle , the Schlossberg was the only fortification in
536-452: A few remain, such as planning and zoning codes, nature protection, hunting, fishing, farming, youth protection, certain issues of public health and welfare and the right to levy certain taxes. All other matters, including but not limited to criminal law, civil law, corporate law, most aspects of economic law, defense, most educational matters and academia, telecommunications, and much of the healthcare system are regulated by national law. There
603-493: A large indoor slide Sclossbergrutsche Graz was completed. The slide is constructed out of large tubular metal pieces and winds around the elevator. The slide rises 64 metres (210 ft) and is 170 metres (560 ft) long. A ride takes approximately 40 seconds and costs up to €7,80. At the top of the mountain is the Kasemattenbühne , a free-air concert venue. It is one of the most popular venue locations in Graz and has
670-459: A national level. The party placed third with 20.8% of votes in the 2003 local election, which has been attributed to the popularity of local leader Ernest Kaltenegger. It fell to 11.2% in 2008, and recovered under new leader Elke Kahr, becoming the second most popular party in Graz with 19.9% in 2012 and 20.3% in 2017. The KPÖ's popularity in Graz allowed them to enter the Styrian provincial parliament in
737-542: A short period beginning in 1594. He worked as district mathematician and taught at the Lutheran school, but still found time to study astronomy. He left Graz for Prague in 1600 when Protestants were banned from the city. Ludwig Boltzmann was Professor for Mathematical Physics from 1869 to 1890. During that time, Nikola Tesla studied electrical engineering at the Polytechnic in 1875. Nobel laureate Otto Loewi taught at
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#1732845683049804-551: Is Maribor ( Marburg ) in Slovenia, which is about 50 km (31 mi) to the south. Graz is the capital of Styria and the largest city in the federal state, a green and heavily forested region on the eastern edge of the Alps . It is located in the Graz Basin and surrounded by mountains and hills to the north, east and west. The city centre sits at an elevation of 353 m (1,158 ft),
871-483: Is Austria's only metropolitan area . Lower Austria ranks only fourth in population density even though it contains Vienna's suburbs; this is due to large areas of land being predominantly agricultural. The alpine federal state Tyrol, the less alpine but geographically more remote federal state Carinthia, and the non-alpine but near-exclusively agricultural federal state Burgenland are Austria's least densely populated federal states. The wealthy alpine federal state Vorarlberg
938-483: Is a community defined to be a city by Austrian law, and a town is a community not defined to be a city. Many of Austria's cities have population figures on the order of 10,000 inhabitants; some are even smaller. Schlossberg (Graz) The Schlossberg ( German : Schloßberg , lit. 'Castle Mountain') is a tree-clad hill and the site of a fortress in the centre of the city of Graz, Austria . The hill, at 473 metres (1,552 ft) above sea level,
1005-553: Is a leading tourist attraction and serves as a symbol for Graz, were spared after the citizens of Graz paid a ransom for their preservation. Archduke Karl II of Inner Austria had 20,000 Protestant books burned in the square of what is now a mental hospital, and succeeded in returning Styria to the authority of the Holy See . Archduke Franz Ferdinand was born in Graz in what is now the Stadtmuseum (city museum). On 2 April 1945, while
1072-451: Is also no judiciary of the federal states, since Austria's constitution defines the judiciary as an exclusively national matter. This centralisation follows a historic model where central power during the time of the empire was largely concentrated in Vienna. However, the federal state governor ( Landeshauptmann ) is in charge of the administration of much of federal administrative law within
1139-577: Is in Eggenberg and has 180 beds and a total of 444 employees. Federal states of Austria [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Austria is a federal republic consisting of nine federal states . The European Commission calls them provinces . Austrian federal states can pass laws that stay within
1206-528: Is located about 10 km (6 mi) south of the city centre and is accessible by bus, railway, taxi and car. Direct destinations include Berlin, Düsseldorf , Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, Vienna and Zurich. In 2021 a two-line metro system was proposed for Graz, which would make Graz the second Austrian city with a rapid transit system after Vienna. In Graz there are seven hospitals, several private hospitals and sanatoriums, as well as 44 pharmacies. The University Hospital Graz (LKH-Universitäts-Klinikum Graz)
1273-507: Is located in eastern Graz and has 1,556 beds and 7,190 employees. The Regional Hospital Graz II (LKH Graz II) has two sites in Graz. The western site (LKH Graz II Standort West) is located in Eggenberg and has 280 beds and about 500 employees, the southern site (LKH Graz II Standort Süd) specializes in neurology and psychiatry and is located in Straßgang with 880 beds and 1,100 employees. The AUVA Accident Hospital (Unfallkrankenhaus der AUVA)
1340-588: Is not unheard of for Austrians to consider themselves, for instance, Tyrolean first, Austrian second. In terms of boundaries, the present-day federal states arose from the crown lands of Austria-Hungary , an extensive multiethnic realm whose German-speaking nucleus emerged as the Republic of Austria after the dissolution of the Dual Monarchy in the end of World War I . The federal states of Upper Austria and Lower Austria are essentially equivalent to what were
1407-428: Is now a public park and affords extensive views of the city. It is the site of several entertainment venues , cafés, and restaurants, and is managed by Holding Graz , the city-owned utility company. The fortification of the Schlossberg goes back to at least the 10th century. In the mid-16th century, a 400 m (1,300 ft) long fortress was constructed by architects from the north of Italy. There are records of
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#17328456830491474-502: Is something of an anomaly due to its small size, isolated location and distinct Alemannic culture. Each Austrian federal state has an elected legislature , the federal state parliament , and a federal state government ( Landesregierung ) headed by a governor ( Landeshauptmann or Landeshauptfrau ). Elections are held every five years (six years in Upper Austria ). The federal state constitution, among other things, determines how
1541-498: The 2005 election , marking their first appearance in an Austrian provincial parliament in 35 years; they have retained their seats in the subsequent 2010, 2015, and 2019 elections. The 2021 municipal election saw a collapse in the ÖVP's popularity, allowing the KPÖ, once again led by Elke Kahr , to become the largest party with 29% of votes. She was subsequently elected mayor in November, leading
1608-611: The Castle Hill lift (Schlossberg lift) , a vertical lift, link the city centre to the Castle Hill (Schlossberg) . From the central train station ( Hauptbahnhof ), regional trains link to most of Styria. Direct trains run to most major cities nearby including Vienna , Salzburg , Innsbruck , Maribor and Ljubljana in Slovenia , Zagreb in Croatia , Budapest in Hungary , Prague and Brno in
1675-557: The Copper Age . However, no historical continuity exists of a settlement before the Middle Ages. The city was originally called "Bayrischgraz" or "Bavarian Graz" (i.e. German Graz) by the German founders to distinguish it from the elder "Windischgraz" or "Slovenian Graz". Bavarian Graz, however, soon eclipsed its Slovenian counterpart and henceforth Graz always referred to the German one. During
1742-630: The Czech Republic , Zürich in Switzerland , as well as Munich , Stuttgart , Heidelberg , and Frankfurt in Germany . Trains for Vienna leave every hour. In recent years many railway stations within the city limits and in the suburbs have been rebuilt or modernised and are now part of the Styria S-Bahn , a commuter train service connecting the city with its suburban area and towns nearby. Graz Airport
1809-529: The North Atlantic to northwestern and central Europe. The weather in Graz is thus influenced by the Mediterranean, and it has more hours of sunshine per year than Vienna or Salzburg and also less wind or rain. Graz lies in a basin that is only open to the south, causing the climate to be warmer than would be expected at that latitude. Plants are found in Graz that normally grow much further south. Graz, being
1876-675: The Princely County of Tyrol ; these three federal states had to cede territories to Czechoslovakia , Italy , and Yugoslavia when Austria emerged in its present form. The federal state of Vorarlberg is made up of territories acquired by the House of Habsburg in the 14th and 15th centuries, and was a semi-autonomous part of the County of Tyrol from 1861. The 1815 Congress of Vienna saw most of these areas lose their autonomy. Federal state charters were put in place in 1861, although power remained with
1943-719: The Stadthalle - a multifunctional space for e.g. conventions and concerts -, the Children's Museum ( Kindermuseum ), the Helmut-List-Halle , the Museum of Contemporary Art ( Kunsthaus ) and the Island in the Mur ( Murinsel ). Buildings in Graz which are at least 50m tall: SK Sturm Graz is the main football club of the city, with Four Austrian championships, 5 Austrian Cup wins and 4 participations in
2010-517: The 0 °C isotherm, the same occurs in a borderline humid continental climate ( Dfb ) according to the Köppen climate classification . Wladimir Köppen himself was in town and conducted studies to see how the climate of the past influenced the Continental Drift theory . Due to its position southeast of the Alps , Graz is shielded from the prevailing westerly winds that bring weather fronts in from
2077-716: The 12th century, dukes under Babenberg rule made the town into an important commercial center. Later, Graz came under the rule of the Habsburgs and, in 1281, gained special privileges from King Rudolph I . In the 14th century, Graz became the city of residence of the Inner Austrian line of the Habsburgs. The royalty lived in the Schlossberg castle and from there ruled Styria , Carinthia , most of today's Slovenia, and parts of Italy ( Carniola , Gorizia and Gradisca , Trieste ). In
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2144-484: The 16th century, the city's design and planning were primarily controlled by Italian Renaissance architects and artists. One of the most famous buildings representative of this style is the Landhaus , designed by Domenico dell'Allio , and used by the local rulers as a governmental headquarters. The University of Graz was founded by Archduke Karl II in 1585, it is the city's oldest university. For most of its existence, it
2211-591: The Champions League (where they were 1st in the first group stage in 2000/01 and therefore got promoted to the round of 16 as the first Austrian club ever). Grazer AK also won an Austrian championship, but went into administration in 2007 and was excluded from the professional league system. In ice hockey, ATSE Graz was the Austrian Hockey League champion in 1975 and 1978. EC Graz was runner-up in 1991–92, 1992–93 and 1993–94. Graz 99ers has played in
2278-481: The Romans. In literary Slovene , gradec still means "small castle", forming a hypocoristic derivative of Proto-West-South Slavic *gradьcъ, which descends via liquid metathesis from Common Slavic *gardьcъ and via the Slavic third palatalisation from Proto-Slavic *gardiku, originally denoting "small town, settlement". The name thus follows the common South Slavic pattern for naming settlements as grad . Despite
2345-623: The Schlossberg against eight attacks, but they were forced to give up after the Grande Armée occupied Vienna and the Emperor ordered to surrender. Following the defeat of Austria by Napoleonic forces at the Battle of Wagram in 1809, the fortifications were demolished using explosives, as stipulated in the Peace of Schönbrunn of the same year. The belltower (Glockenturm) and the civic clock tower ( Uhrturm ), which
2412-457: The Schlossberg hill is an extensive system of tunnels, which were created during the Second World War to protect the civilian population of Graz from aerial bombing . Some of these tunnels, including a passage from Schlossbergplatz to Karmeliterplatz, are still accessible, but many are closed to the public. The Schlossberg lies in the center of Graz, northeast of the main square and east of
2479-467: The Slavic root of the name, however, the city of Graz was founded by Bavarian settlers who arrived shortly after the Slavs, with which they intermixed. The city's name first appears in records in 1128, a record of 'Grez' from 1091 is disputed. Graz is situated on both sides of the river Mur in southeast Austria. It is about 150 km (93 mi) southwest of Vienna ( Wien ). The nearest larger urban centre
2546-513: The University of Graz from 1909 until 1938. Ivo Andrić , the 1961 Nobel Prize for Literature laureate obtained his doctorate at the University of Graz. Erwin Schrödinger was briefly chancellor of the University of Graz in 1936. Graz is centrally located within today's Bundesland (state) of Styria , or Steiermark in German. Mark is an old German word indicating a large area of land used as
2613-480: The capital of Austria, plays a double role as a city and a federal state. The mayor has the rank of a federal state governor, while the city council also functions as a federal state parliament. Under the municipal constitution, however, city and federal state business must be kept separate. Hence, while the city council and the federal state parliament have identical memberships, they hold separate meetings, and each body has separate presiding officers. When meeting as
2680-463: The capital of the then multiethnic Duchy of Styria, was also a centre of Slovene culture, especially from the establishment of the University of Graz in 1586 until the establishment of the University of Ljubljana in 1919. In 1574, the first Slovene Catholic book [ sl ] was published in Graz, and in 1592, Hieronymus Megiser published in Graz the book Dictionarium quatuor linguarum ,
2747-515: The case of the Semmering Base Tunnel , a railway tunnel being built under the Semmering . Austrian federal states are formally and practically endowed with a much smaller degree of autonomy than American states or German lands . Even so, Austrians tend to identify passionately with their respective federal state and often defend what little independent governance their federal state has. It
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2814-492: The castle were turned into a public park by Ludwig von Welden in 1839. The park contains the Uhrturm , the Glockenturm , a cistern (the Türkenbrunnen ) and two bastions from the old castle. The Uhrturm is a recognisable icon for the city, and is unusual in that the clock's hands have opposite roles to the common notion, with the larger one marking hours while the smaller is for minutes. The Glockenturm contains Liesl ,
2881-522: The central government. Following the First World War , the federal state governments declared themselves part of the Republic of German-Austria . Negotiations at this time between the federal state governments and the national governments resulted in the agreement to form a federation, with a nationally elected lower house and an upper house representing the provinces . The city-federal state of Vienna
2948-562: The city is home to more than 60,000 students. Its historic centre ( Altstadt ) is one of the best-preserved city centres in Central Europe. In 1999, the city's historic centre was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites and in 2010 the designation was expanded to include Eggenberg Palace ( German : Schloss Eggenberg ) on the western edge of the city. Graz was designated the Cultural Capital of Europe in 2003 and became
3015-608: The first division since 2000. UBSC Raiffeisen Graz plays in the Austrian Basketball League . Graz Giants play in the Austrian Football League (American Football). The city bid for the 2002 Winter Olympics in 1995, but lost the election to Salt Lake City . Graz hosts the annual festival of classical music Styriarte , founded in 1985 to tie conductor Nikolaus Harnoncourt closer to his hometown. Events have been held at different venues in Graz and in
3082-596: The first multilingual dictionary of Slovene. In the 19th century the student associations in Graz were a crucible of Slovene nationalism and some Slovene students there were more nationally aware than other Slovenes. This led to fierce anti-Slovene efforts by the German supermajority in Graz before and during World War II. Slovenes only ever constituted a tiny minority in the city. This is also why Peter Kozler did not include it in his map . Nowadays, some Slovenian Styrians study and some have found employment there, whiles being formerly unemployed in Slovenia. A symposium on
3149-593: The heaviest Allied bomb raid of Graz occurred, the Gestapo and Waffen-SS committed a massacre against resistance fighters, Hungarian-Jewish forced laborers, and POWs at the SS barracks at Graz-Wetzelsdorf. These figures only include those with primary residence status (" Hauptwohnsitz "). As of 1 January 2024, the city had a total population of 339,810, of which 36,196 (10.7 %) held secondary residence status and 344 had no residence. Graz has an oceanic climate ( Cfb ), but due to
3216-529: The heaviest bell in Graz. Near the Uhrturm is a café with views over the old town. Additionally, on the western side of the Schlossberg, there are two small cafés, one with table service and another with self-service. Next to the terminus of the funicular railway there is a hilltop restaurant with views of western Graz. In what was once the cellar of one of the ruined bastions is the Kasemattenbühne , an open-air stage for concerts and performances. Below
3283-467: The highest point is Plabutsch mountain with 754 m (2,474 ft) at the western border. The mountain Schöckl is just a few kilometres to the north and surmounts the city by 1,100 m (3,600 ft). These towns and villages border Graz: Graz is divided into 17 municipal districts ( Stadtbezirke ): [REDACTED] The oldest settlement on the ground of the modern city of Graz dates back to
3350-722: The historic centre are: For much of its post-war history Graz was a stronghold of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ), but since the late 1990s the party has lost most of its support on a local level. It was overtaken by the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) in 2003, which remained the largest party in the city council ( Gemeinderat ) until 2021. With the decline of the SPÖ, the Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) has become highly popular in Graz, despite its negligible presence on
3417-453: The limits of the constitution, and each federal state has representatives in the main Austrian parliament. The majority of the land area in the federal states of Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Vienna, and Burgenland is situated in the Danube valley and thus consists almost completely of accessible and easily arable terrain. Austria's most densely populated federal state is Vienna, the heart of what
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#17328456830493484-653: The monument for Friedrich Ludwig Jahn in the Stadtpark. Each year, the Elevate Festival , a festival for contemporary music, art, and political discourse, is held in various venues in and around the Schlossberg. In the large tunnel connecting the elevator to the Schlossbergplatz, the Fairytale Express Graz can be found. This is a popular grotto railway ride for children. In February 2017, construction on
3551-506: The numerous dialects of Graz and Styria in general and to cultivate the pride many Styrians hold for their local culture. Two reasons for a melding of these dialects with Standard German : the influence of television and radio bringing Standard German into the home and the industrialization causing the disappearance of the single farmer since the farming communities are seen as the true keepers of dialect speaking. An extensive public transport network makes Graz an easy city to navigate without
3618-530: The outer districts buildings are predominantly of the architectural styles from the second half of the 20th century. In 1965 the Graz School ( Grazer Schule ) was founded. Several buildings around the universities are of this style, e.g. the green houses by Volker Giencke and the RESOWI Centre by Günther Domenig. Before Graz became European Capital of Culture in 2003, several new projects were realized, such as
3685-476: The person of Emperor Ferdinand II , who moved the capital to Vienna. New fortifications were built on the Schlossberg at the end of the 16th century. Napoleon 's army occupied Graz in 1797 and, in 1809 the city withstood another assault by the French army. During this attack, the commanding officer in the fortress was ordered to defend it with about 900 men against Napoleon's army of about 3,000. He successfully defended
3752-472: The region that never fell to the Ottoman Turks. Graz is home to the region's provincial armory , which is the world's largest historical collection of late medieval and Renaissance weaponry. It has been preserved since 1551, and displays over 30,000 items. From the earlier part of the 15th century, Graz was the residence of the younger branch of the Habsburgs, which succeeded to the imperial throne in 1619 in
3819-559: The relation of Graz and the Slovenes was held in Graz in 2010, at the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the establishment of the first and oldest chair of Slovene. It was established at the Lyzeum of Graz in July 1811 on the initiative of Janez Nepomuk Primic [ sl ] . A collection of lectures on the topic was published. The Slovenian Post commemorated the anniversary with a stamp. For
3886-401: The respective province, which makes this post an important political position. Furthermore, federal state competences include zoning laws, planning issues and public procurement on the regional level, which adds considerable weight to federal state politics. As a practical matter, there have been cases where federal states have been able to delay projects endorsed by the national government, as in
3953-459: The river Mur. From all four sides, steep paths with a few interconnections (one being a sloped tunnel) lead up to the top plateau. Delivery vehicle traffic is possible from Wickenburggasse (in the north) and Karmeliterplatz (south via Sporgasse) but is restricted to mornings and controlled by barriers and cameras. Cyclists only very seldom ascend, as this is formally forbidden. The Schlossberg funicular ( Schloßbergbahn ) carries passengers from
4020-414: The seats in the federal state government are assigned to political parties, with most federal states having a system of proportional representation based on the number of delegates in the federal state parliament in place. The governor is elected by the federal state parliament , though in practice the governor is the leader of the majority party or coalition in the federal state parliament. Vienna ,
4087-401: The surrounding region. Referred to as Steirisch by locals, Graz belongs to the Austro-Bavarian region of dialects, more specifically a mix of Central Bavarian in the western part of Styria and Southern Bavarian in the eastern part. The Grazer ORF , the Graz subsidiary of Austrian Broadcasting Corporation, launched an initiative in 2008 called Scho wieda Steirisch g'redt to highlight
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#17328456830494154-405: The two halves of the Archduchy of Austria , a principality which formed the empire's historic heartland. Salzburg is coterminous with the former Austro-Hungarian Duchy of Salzburg (the former Archbishopric ). Similarly, the federal state of Carinthia descends from the Duchy of Carinthia , the federal state of Styria descends from the Duchy of Styria , and the federal state of Tyrol descends from
4221-441: The western foot of the hill up to the restaurant near the top, while a pair of elevators lead up to another restaurant overlooking the clocktower. At ground level, the lift is reached via a short tunnel from Schloßbergplatz on the western side of the hill. Two paths from Wickenburggasse provide access through the tree-covered northern side. Another path provides access from the east, between Paulustor and Landessportzentrum and at
4288-424: The year that Graz was Cultural Capital of Europe , new structures were erected. The Graz Museum of Contemporary Art (German: Kunsthaus) was designed by Peter Cook and Colin Fournier and is situated next to the Mur river. The Island in the Mur is a floating platform made of steel. It was designed by American architect Vito Acconci and contains a café, an open-air theatre and a playground. The historic centre
4355-399: Was a part of Lower Austria up until 1921. The federal state of Burgenland is made up of the predominantly German-speaking area that the Kingdom of Hungary ceded to the First Austrian Republic after World War I as a result of the Treaties of Trianon and Saint-Germain-en-Laye . The nine federal states ( Bundesländer ) of Austria are: For the purpose of the above list, a city
4422-503: Was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999 due to the harmonious co-existence of typical buildings from different epochs and in different architectural styles. Situated in a cultural borderland between Central Europe, Italy and the Balkan States, Graz absorbed various influences from the neighbouring regions and thus received its exceptional townscape. Today the historic centre consists of over 1,000 buildings, their age ranging from Gothic to contemporary. The most important sights in
4489-513: Was controlled by the Catholic Church , and was closed in 1782 by Joseph II in an attempt to gain state control over educational institutions. Joseph II transformed it into a lyceum where civil servants and medical personnel were trained. In 1827 it was re-established as a university by Emperor Franz I , and was named 'Karl-Franzens Universität' or 'Charles-Francis University' in English. More than 30,000 students are currently enrolled at this university. Astronomer Johannes Kepler lived in Graz for
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