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36-431: ThrustSSC , Thrust SSC or Thrust SuperSonic Car is a British jet car developed by Richard Noble , Glynne Bowsher, Ron Ayers , and Jeremy Bliss. Thrust SSC holds the world land speed record , set on 15 October 1997, and driven by Andy Green , when it achieved a speed of 1,228 km/h (763 mph) and it became the first and only land vehicle to officially break the sound barrier . Alongside Thrust2 , Thrust SSC

72-455: A Rolls-Royce Eurojet EJ200 engine, with an expectation of reaching 400–500 mph (640–800 km/h). The car achieved 501 mph (806 km/h) on 6 November 2019, and a final top speed of 628 mph (1,011 km/h) on 16 November, making it the eighth vehicle to attain a land speed of over 600 mph. Lack of funds prevented the fitting of the Nammo rocket in 2020, and combined with

108-588: A proper estimate would need to take this into account. The jet was driven by Royal Air Force fighter pilot Wing Commander Andy Green in the Black Rock Desert in the U.S. state of Nevada . It was powered by two afterburning Rolls-Royce Spey turbofan engines, as used in the British version of the F-4 Phantom II jet fighter. The twin engines developed a net thrust of 223 kN (50,000 lbf) at

144-494: A test range for high speed land vehicles. After the record was set, the World Motor Sport Council released the following message: The complete run history is available. In 1983 Richard Noble had broken the world land speed record with his earlier car Thrust2 , which reached a speed of 1,019 km/h (633 mph). The date of Andy Green's record came exactly a half century and one day after Chuck Yeager broke

180-417: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bloodhound LSR Bloodhound LSR , formerly Bloodhound SSC , is a British land vehicle designed to travel at supersonic speeds with the intention of setting a new world land speed record . The arrow-shaped car, under development since 2008, is powered by a jet engine and will be fitted with an additional rocket engine . The initial goal

216-637: Is approximately 630 MW which means the vehicle was operating at around 12% efficiency at its record speed, efficiency being the useful working power (76 MW) divided by the thermal power (630 MW). The record run in October 1997 was preceded by extensive test runs of the vehicle in autumn 1996 and spring 1997 in the Al-Jafr desert (located in Ma'an Governorate ) in Jordan , a location unknown before for its capabilities as

252-449: Is to exceed the current speed record of 763 mph (1,228 km/h), with the vehicle believed to be able to achieve up to 1,000 miles per hour (1,609 km/h). Driver Andy Green will attempt to break his own record, set in 1997. The previous business behind Project Bloodhound went into administration (bankruptcy) in late 2018. Entrepreneur Ian Warhurst bought the car to keep the project alive. A new company called Grafton LSR Ltd

288-594: The Bloodhound LSR project, launched in 2008, and previously the North American Eagle Project , from 2004 until the project's abandonment after a fatal crash in 2019. In June 2012, a television advertisement for the Orange San Diego mobile phone, containing an Intel processor, was broadcast on British television and featured a fast car in computer generated imagery . Richard Noble claimed that

324-605: The Bloodhound LSR project was "very much alive" and a new land speed record could be achieved very quickly if new investment could be secured. Edmundson also reported that the project had adopted a new environmental focus, with the aim of achieving a net zero carbon land speed record. On 8–14 November 2023, Edmonson led a roadshow to seek funding and a new driver for a potential record-setting campaign, estimated to cost between £8   million and £12   million. The vehicle resides at Coventry Transport Museum . The car

360-452: The advertisement and phone were not connected to Noble or Bloodhound LSR. Jet car Jet powered cars are commonly used for land speed record attempts, after an FIA rule change that permitted them in 1964. Some cars such as Green Monster and Vampire raced as dragsters (as well as also achieving or attempting land speed records). In 2006, while filming an episode for the series Top Gear , presenter and driver Richard Hammond

396-452: The aerodynamic shape of the vehicle from the start. Dr Ben Evans and his team used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology designed by Professor Oubay Hassan and Professor Ken Morgan to provide an understanding of the aerodynamic characteristics of the proposed shape, at all speeds, including predicting the likely vertical, lateral and drag forces on the vehicle and its pitch and yaw stability. This technology, originally developed for

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432-479: The aerospace industry, was validated for a land-going vehicle during the design of ThrustSSC. Three prototype Eurojet EJ200 jet engines developed for the Eurofighter and bound for a museum were loaned to the project. The car will use one EJ200 to provide around half the thrust and power the car to 650 mph (1,050 km/h). A custom monopropellant rocket designed by Nammo will be used to add extra thrust for

468-734: The car cannot run twice on the same strip of desert. Low speed runway testing of over 200 mph (320 km/h) occurred on 26, 28 and 30 October 2017 at Cornwall Airport Newquay. High speed testing at Hakskeen Pan began in October 2019. The car achieved 628 mph (1,011 km/h) on its final run on 16 November 2019. The Bloodhound Project had an education component designed to inspire future generations to take up careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics ( STEM ) by showcasing these subjects and interacting with young people and students, in partnership with engineering companies including Rolls-Royce . Bloodhound-related education activities are provided by Bloodhound Education Ltd,

504-446: The car in the first quarter of 2011 and that a deal for the manufacture of the front of the car was due. The car was largely completed by October 2017 when full reheat static testing was undertaken with the jet engine at Cornwall Airport Newquay followed by low speed test runs. Further construction was carried out before the project went into administration and the car was then completed at Berkeley before high speed testing. Early in

540-626: The car was a representation of Thrust SSC and thus these companies had used his intellectual property without permission, putting the future of the Bloodhound LSR project in doubt. The Advertising Standards Authority rejected the Bloodhound team's complaint, claiming that intellectual property disputes were not in its remit. According to BBC News technology correspondent Rory Cellan-Jones , Intel and Orange responded that their production team had researched different styles of "superfast vehicles" and developed their own Orange-branded land speed car, and that

576-563: The car will use a monopropellant rocket for the land speed record runs. For the car to achieve 800 mph (1,300 km/h), the monopropellant rocket would need to produce around 40 kN (8992 lbf) of thrust and the EJ200 jet engine 90 kN (20,232 lbf) in reheat. For low-speed testing at Cornwall Airport Newquay in 2017, the car was fitted with four runway wheels based on those of an English Electric Lightning fighter jet with refurbished original tyres. These were replaced for

612-459: The car's mass increased to 7,500 kg (16,500 lb), Timken recalculated bearing life to be 50 hours, or a 5000% safety factor given the less than 1 hour run time. The car was built at sites in Bristol and Avonmouth. A full-scale model was unveiled at the 2010 Farnborough International Airshow , when it was announced that Hampson Industries would begin to build the rear chassis section of

648-404: The driver during acceleration would be 2.5 g (two-and-a-half times their body weight) and up to 3 g during deceleration. The aerodynamics of Bloodhound have been carefully calculated to make sure the car is safe and stable, particularly because it will create a shockwave when it reaches the speed of sound. The College of Engineering at Swansea University has been heavily involved in

684-605: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic , this meant the opportunity to run the vehicle in 2021 was lost. In January 2021, Warhurst said the vehicle was up for sale and it was reported that the team had moved on to other projects. Warhurst stepped aside as CEO in August 2021 and Stuart Edmondson, the project's Engineering Operations Manager for the previous five years, took over the role. When interviewed in July 2022 Edmundson stated that, while on hold,

720-502: The high-speed test runs in the desert in South Africa in 2019 by four 90-centimetre (35 in) diameter wheels weighing 95 kg (209 lb), forged from an aircraft-grade aluminium zinc alloy. These were designed to spin at up to 10,200 rpm and resist centrifugal forces of up to 50 000   g at the rim. Three Timken high-speed ( DN around 1,000,000 at full speed) tapered roller bearings support each wheel. When

756-404: The measured record speed of 341 metres per second, burning around 18 litres/second (4.0 Imperial gallons /s or 4.8 US gallons /s) of fuel. Transformed into the usual terms for car mileages based on this speed, the fuel consumption was about 4,850 L/100 km (0.06 mpg ‑imp ; 0.05 mpg ‑US ). The thermal power released by burning 18 litres/second of aviation fuel

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792-496: The project in 2006 to land speed record holders Richard Noble and Andy Green , a pilot and Wing Commander serving in the RAF . The two men, between them, have held the land speed record since 1983. In 1983, Noble, a self-described engineer and adventurer reached 633 mph (1,019 km/h) driving a turbojet-powered car named Thrust2 across the Nevada desert. In 1997, he headed

828-520: The project to build ThrustSSC , which was driven by Green at 763 mph (1,228 km/h), thereby breaking the sound barrier , a first for a land vehicle (in compliance with Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile rules). Green is also Bloodhound LSR's driver. The Bloodhound project was named for the Bristol Bloodhound surface-to-air missile, a project that Bloodhound Chief Aerodynamicist Ron Ayers had previously worked on. The project

864-782: The project, Swansea University's School of the Environment and Society was enlisted to help determine a new test site for the record runs because the test site for the ThrustSSC record attempt had become unsuitable. The venue chosen for high speed testing and for the land speed record runs was Hakskeen Pan in the Mier area of the Northern Cape, South Africa, on a track measuring 12 miles (19 km) long. The local community cleared 16,500 tonnes of stones by hand from an area measuring 22 million square metres to create space for 20 tracks each 10 metres wide, as

900-404: The remaining assets. Later that month, Yorkshire entrepreneur Ian Warhurst stepped in to rescue the project by buying the assets and intellectual property, including the car, for an undisclosed sum. In March 2019, it was announced that Warhurst had formed a new company called Grafton LSR Ltd. to manage the project, which became the car's legal owner. The company said in a statement that Warhurst

936-622: The sound barrier in Earth's atmosphere, with the Bell X-1 research rocket plane on 14 October 1947. Both Thrust SSC and Thrust2 are displayed at the Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry , England. Visitors can ride a 4D motion simulator depicting a computer-generated animation of the record-breaking run from the perspective of Green. Several teams are competing to break the record, including

972-526: The team announced plans for high speed testing at 500–600 mph (800–970 km/h) in May 2019, and then a 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h) run in 2020. However, the company backing the project, Bloodhound Programme Ltd, went into administration (bankruptcy) in late 2018 leaving a funding gap of £25 million, which put the venture's future into question. The project was "axed" in December 2018, with plans to sell off

1008-454: The world land speed record runs. For the 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h) runs, the monopropellant rocket will be replaced with a hybrid rocket from Nammo. A third engine, a Jaguar supercharged V-8 is used as an auxiliary power unit to drive the oxidiser pump for the rocket, although this will be replaced by an electric motor. Initially Bloodhound SSC was going to use a custom hybrid rocket motor being designed by Daniel Jubb . The rocket

1044-524: Was at first based in the former Maritime Heritage Centre on the Bristol harbourside, next to Brunel's SS  Great Britain . In 2013 the project relocated to a larger site in Avonmouth . The head offices of the project moved to Didcot , Oxfordshire in late 2015. Runway testing of up to 200 miles per hour (320 km/h) took place on 26, 28 and 30 October 2017 at Newquay Airport , Cornwall. In May 2018,

1080-514: Was critically injured in a crash with the jet dragster, Vampire, that he was piloting. More modern jet dragsters such as Robert Albertson's "Blazing Angel" are capable of reaching over 300 miles per hour (480 km/h) in a quarter of a mile. Most of these modern cars are powered by the Pratt & Whitney J60 or the General Electric J85 jet engine. This motorsport-related article

1116-450: Was designed by Bloodhound's Chief Aerodynamicist Ron Ayers and Chief Engineer Mark Chapman, along with aerodynamicists from Swansea University . Bloodhound LSR is designed to accelerate from 0 to 800 mph (1,300 km/h) in 38 seconds and decelerate using airbrakes at around 800 mph, a parachute at a maximum deployment speed of around 650 mph (1,050 km/h) and disc brakes below 200 mph (320 km/h). The force on

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1152-678: Was displayed in the "Spirit of Speed Gallery" of the Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry, England. As part of the Museum's redevelopment project both cars were relocated by specialist haulier to the new Biffa Award Land Speed Record Gallery which opened in 2015. The car is 16.50 m (54.1 ft) long and 3.7 m (12 ft) wide and has a curb weight of 10.6 tons. It had a reported thrust of 223 kN (approximately 50,000 pounds force) at some operating condition. Jet engines are not designed to operate at peak airspeed while still in ground effect ;

1188-672: Was formed to manage the project, which was renamed Bloodhound LSR and moved to SGS Berkeley Green University Technical College . Lack of funds and the COVID-19 pandemic stalled progress in 2020, and in 2021 the vehicle was offered for sale. The venue for high speed testing and future world land speed record attempts is the Hakskeen Pan in the Mier area of the Northern Cape , South Africa. An area 12 miles (19 km) long and 3 miles (4.8 km) wide

1224-623: Was identified as suitable, with the first runs in October 2019. Further runs in November 2019 achieved a top speed of 628 miles per hour (1,011 km/h), the eighth vehicle to attain a land speed of over 600 miles per hour (970 km/h). The Bloodhound project was announced on 23 October 2008 at the London Science Museum by Lord Drayson – then Minister of Science in the UK's Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills – who first suggested

1260-415: Was successfully tested at Newquay Airport in 2012. However, constraints on cost, time and test facilities led to a decision to instead use a rocket designed by Norwegian company Nammo. At first the plan was that the car would use a Nammo hybrid rocket or cluster of rockets, to be fuelled by solid hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene and liquid high-test peroxide oxidiser. This plan was revised in 2017 and

1296-546: Was trying to save the project with new sponsors and partners. The name of the new team became 'Bloodhound LSR' (for Land Speed Record ). The car and the project's headquarters moved to SGS Berkeley Green University Technical College in Berkeley, Gloucestershire near Gloucester . High speed testing of the car took place at the Hakskeen Pan in October and November 2019. Test runs driven by Green began on 25 October, using only

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