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113-724: Three Rivers Park District is a special park district serving the suburban areas of the Twin Cities including suburban Hennepin, Carver, Dakota, Scott, and Ramsey counties. Three Rivers's mission is "To promote environmental stewardship through recreation and education in a natural resources-based park system." Three Rivers operates twenty parks and ten regional trails, with at least two more regional trails planned. Nearly seven million people visit Three Rivers facilities each year. It has over 27,000 acres (11,000 ha) of parks and trails. A park system in Hennepin County outside of Minneapolis

226-581: A concentration camp at Fort Snelling . Minneapolitans reportedly threatened more than once to attack the camp. In 1863, the US "abrogated and annulled" all treaties with the Dakota. With Governor Alexander Ramsey calling for their extermination, most Dakota were exiled from Minnesota. While the Dakota were being expelled, Franklin Steele laid claim to the east bank of Saint Anthony Falls , and John H. Stevens built

339-636: A national historic district , and the upper St. Anthony lock and dam is permanently closed. Columnist Don Morrison says that after the milling era waned a "modern, major city" emerged. Around 1900, Minneapolis attracted skilled workers who leveraged expertise from the University of Minnesota. In 1923, Munsingwear was the world's largest manufacturer of underwear. Frederick McKinley Jones invented mobile refrigeration in Minneapolis, and with his associate founded Thermo King in 1938. In 1949, Medtronic

452-470: A 13-mile (21 km) mountain bike trail. It also has a championship level disc golf course and a popular chlorinated swimming pond and a creative play area. Elm Creek also has a large fully fenced off-leash dog area. A regional trail system connects Elm Creek Park Reserve to Fish Lake Regional Park and Mississippi Gateway Regional Park. In the winter, portions of the 11 miles (18 km) cross-country ski trail system are served by snowmaking. They also offer

565-495: A White Minneapolis police officer, knelt on his neck and back for more than nine minutes. Reporting on the local reaction , The New York Times said that "over three nights, a five-mile stretch of Minneapolis sustained extraordinary damage" —destruction included a police station that demonstrators overran and set on fire. Floyd's murder sparked international rebellions, mass protests, and locally, years of ongoing unrest over racial injustice. As of 2024, protest continued daily at

678-474: A barn-style pavilion overlooking the lake. Glen Lake Golf and Practice Center is located on the boundary of Minnetonka and Eden Prairie . It features a popular nine-hole golf course, along with a driving range and practice areas. It is built on the site of the former Glen Lake Sanatorium . The Landing – Minnesota River Heritage Park, formerly Historic Murphy's Landing, in Shakopee , is a regional park featuring

791-781: A center at the Northrup-King building, and it presents the Art-A-Whirl open studio tour every May. Minneapolis has hosted theatrical performances since the end of the American Civil War. Early theaters included Pence Opera House , the Academy of Music, Grand Opera House, Lyceum, and later the Metropolitan Opera House, which opened in 1894. Fifteen of the fifty-five Twin Cities theater companies counted in 2015 by Peg Guilfoyle had

904-459: A designated space below which they can stamp the corresponding ink stamp. The Park units featured on the stamp sets change each year. The stamp sets, dating back to their inception in 1986, are still readily available at most park gift shops for under $ 10, or on the internet through Eastern National. Originally, the featured stamps were only available in the region they represented, save for Colonial National Historical Park , where Eastern National

1017-517: A facility in economically depressed north Minneapolis, bringing jobs and good publicity. A University of Minnesota computing group released Gopher in 1991; three years later, the World Wide Web superseded Gopher traffic. In many ways, the 20th century in Minneapolis was a difficult time of bigotry and malfeasance, beginning with four decades of corruption. Known initially as a kindly physician, mayor Doc Ames made his brother police chief, ran

1130-521: A hilly cross-country ski trail system and a hilly 10-mile (16 km) singletrack mountain bike trail, maintained by Minnesota Off-Road Cyclists. The mountain bike trail is probably one of the most challenging trails in the Twin Cities due to its long climbs and rapid descents. The trail also includes natural and man-made obstacles such as rocks, wooden bridges, logs and stairsteps. The park reserve, at 2,786 acres (1,127 ha), also includes 14 miles (23 km) of horse trails, as well as bird watching. It

1243-615: A home on the west bank. In the Dakota language , the city's name is Bde Óta Othúŋwe ('Many Lakes Town'). Residents had divergent ideas on names for their community. Charles Hoag proposed combining the Dakota word for 'water' ( mni   ) with the Greek word for 'city' ( polis ), yielding Minneapolis . In 1851, after a meeting of the Minnesota Territorial Legislature , leaders of east bank St. Anthony lost their bid to move

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1356-478: A human-relations council that interceded on behalf of minorities. However, the lives of Black people had not been improved. In 1966 and 1967—years of significant turmoil across the US —suppressed anger among the Black population was released in two disturbances on Plymouth Avenue. Historian Iric Nathanson says young Blacks confronted police, arson caused property damage, and "random gunshots" caused minor injuries in what

1469-673: A large waterfall that eroded upriver past the confluence of the Mississippi River, where it left a 75-foot (23-meter) drop in the Mississippi. This site is located in what is now downtown Saint Paul. The new waterfall, later called Saint Anthony Falls, in turn, eroded up the Mississippi about eight miles (13 kilometers) to its present location, carving the Mississippi River gorge as it moved upstream. Minnehaha Falls also developed during this period via similar processes. Minneapolis

1582-456: A military fort and trading post there and the Dakota would retain their usufructuary rights. In 1819, the US Army built Fort Snelling to direct Native American trade away from British-Canadian traders and to deter war between the Dakota and Ojibwe in northern Minnesota. Under pressure from US officials in a series of treaties, the Dakota ceded their land first to the east and then to the west of

1695-433: A national trend, the metro area's next largest group after Christians is the 23-percent non-religious population. At the same time, more than 50 denominations and religions are present in Minneapolis, representing most of the world's religions. Temple Israel was built in 1928 by the city's first Jewish congregation, Shaarai Tov, which formed in 1878. By 1959, a Temple of Islam was located in north Minneapolis. In 1971,

1808-465: A nine-hole golf course, an off-leash pet exercise area, and four miles (6.4 km) of paved biking/hiking trails. Mississippi Gateway Regional Park, formerly Coon Rapids Dam Regional Park, is located in Brooklyn Park, Minnesota and Coon Rapids, Minnesota . The dam , for which the park was named, was built by Northern States Power Company in 1913 for electrical power generation. Power generation

1921-599: A number of restored buildings from the 19th century. Buildings from the 1840s to the 1880s illustrate what life was like for some of Minnesota's earliest settlers along the Minnesota River. The site is open to the public daily for walking, biking and self-guided activities. Special programs take visitors inside the buildings. School groups tours are also available along with summer camps, and seasonal program offerings. Hyland Lake Park Reserve, located in Bloomington , features

2034-404: A physical site in Minneapolis. About half the remainder performed in variable spaces throughout the metropolitan area. National Park Passport Stamps The ink stamps applied with a rubber stamp are similar in nature to passport stamps stamped in a traveler's national passport and serve as a record of each park visit. Eastern National has described the stamps as cancellations , but this

2147-418: A place for park visitors to collect National Park passport stamps. Over 1.3 million Passport books have been sold. The 3.25" × 5.5" passport book provides five pages for each of the nine regions where the passport user can place ink stamps and can affix one featured stamp per page. A featured stamp collector's passport would therefore be filled after five years of use as long as the featured stamps were added to

2260-739: A political landscape dominated by the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), with Jacob Frey serving as mayor since 2018. Two Indigenous nations inhabited the area now called Minneapolis. Archaeologists have evidence that since 1000 A.D., they were the Dakota (one half of the Sioux nation), and, after the 1700s, the Ojibwe (also known as Chippewa, members of the Anishinaabe nations). Dakota people have different stories to explain their creation. One widely accepted story says

2373-587: A rate one-third that of White families. Statewide by 2022, the gap between White and Black home ownership declined from 51.5 percent to 48 percent. Statewide, alongside this small improvement was a sharp increase in the Black-to-White comparative number of deaths of despair (e.g., alcohol, drugs, and suicide). The Minneapolis income gap in 2018 was one of the largest in the country, with Black families earning about 44 percent of what White families earned annually. Statewide in 2022 using inflation-adjusted dollars,

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2486-481: A reported 150 persons attended classes at a Hindu temple near the University of Minnesota. In 1972, the Twin Cities' first Shi'a Muslim family resettled from Uganda. Somalis who live in Minneapolis are primarily Sunni Muslim . In 2022, Minneapolis amended its noise ordinance to allow broadcasting the Muslim call to prayer five times per day. The city has about seven Buddhist centers and meditation centers. Early in

2599-454: A secret military Japanese-language school that trained interpreters and translators. Following World War II, some Japanese and Japanese Americans remained in Minneapolis, and by 1970, they numbered nearly 2,000, forming part of the state's largest Asian American community. In the 1950s, the US government relocated Native Americans to cities like Minneapolis, attempting to dismantle Indian reservations . Around 1970, Koreans arrived, and

2712-467: A snowtubing hill and a small downhill ski/snowboard area featuring a small terrain park. The Eastman Nature Center provides interpretive programs. This park also has more bike trails than all other parks in the park district, at 29.1 miles (46.8 km). Fish Lake Regional Park is located in Maple Grove and offers boat access to Fish Lake, as well as a swimming beach and four-season pavilion. Also, there

2825-692: A wide variety of slides and other playground equipment. This playground is called "Chutes & Ladders" by Minnesotans because just the like the popular games its massive playground is mostly ladders leading to chutes "slides". Located in Minnetrista , Lake Minnetonka Regional Park is a relatively new park in the Three Rivers system. It offers a chlorinated sand-bottom swimming pond and a creative play area. It also provides boat access to Lake Minnetonka . Lake Rebecca Park Reserve, in Greenfield and Independence ,

2938-577: Is 108 °F (42 °C) in July 1936 while the lowest is −41 °F (−41 °C) in January 1888. The snowiest winter on record was 1983–1984, when 98.6 in (250 cm) of snow fell. The least-snowy winter was 1930–1931, when 14.2 inches (36 cm) fell. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , the annual average for sunshine duration is 58 percent. The Minneapolis area

3051-586: Is a mountain biking trail available by special-use permit in the winter. Bryant Lake Regional Park is located in Eden Prairie, Minnesota and has an area of 170 acres (69 ha). It features a swimming beach on Bryant Lake, a disc golf course, and a mix of paved and unpaved trails. With an area of 3,719 acres (1,505 ha), Carver Park Reserve is the second-largest park reserve in the system. Located near Victoria, Minnesota , in Carver County , it features

3164-466: Is a fully fenced, off-leash dog area. Located on Medicine Lake in Plymouth , Clifton E. French Regional Park (referred to locally as French Park) contains a popular creative play area and a large Nature Exploration Area, where patrons do not have to stay on paths and may do activities that are forbidden elsewhere in the park, such as digging or building forts. It also includes boat access to Medicine Lake. In

3277-516: Is a large park reserve with 2,577 acres (1,043 ha). It offers seven miles (11 km) of biking/hiking trails, 13 miles (21 km) of unpaved hiking trails, and a 14-mile (23 km) mountain bike trail. It also has a non-motorized lake for canoeing, rowing, and fishing. In the winter, there are 10 miles (16 km) of cross-country ski trails. Murphy-Hanrehan Park Reserve, in Burnsville, Lakeville, Savage , and Credit River Township , features

3390-613: Is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail . Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs nine miles (14 km) from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail

3503-551: Is a paved trail that runs from Rush Creek Regional Trail in Brooklyn Center down into Brooklyn Park, where it connects to local trails. Basset Creek Regional Trail is a paved trail that connects Clifton E. French Regional Park to Theodore Wirth Park. Crystal Lake Regional Trail is a 8.6-mile paved trail from the Minneapolis Grand Rounds at Victory Memorial Parkway to Elm Creek Park Reserve. It largely runs parallel to

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3616-506: Is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park. A short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along

3729-506: Is incorrect as a cancellation is a mark that cancels the validity of a postage stamp, while these mark a record of visitation like a passport stamp and denote a place and date like a postmark and do not cancel anything. Collectors of the stamps have formed a non-profit social club, the National Park Travelers Club , a group which holds annual conventions. Passport books, sold at Eastern National park stores and online, provide

3842-404: Is located in Plymouth, Minnesota and Maple Grove, Minnesota and features a nine-hole golf course with a lighted driving range. Elm Creek Park Reserve, at 5,315 acres (2,151 ha), is the largest park reserve in the system and occupies portions of Maple Grove , Champlin and Dayton . It features 19 miles (31 km) of paved biking/hiking trails, 21 miles (34 km) of horse trails, and

3955-473: Is located in south-central Minneapolis on the 10-acre (4 ha) former homestead of the Morrison family. McKim, Mead & White designed a vast complex meeting the ambitions of the founders for a cultural center with spaces for sculpture, an art school, and orchestra. One-seventh of their design was built and opened in 1915. Additions by other firms from 1928 to 2006 achieved much of the original scheme. Today

4068-609: Is located on the west bank of the Mississippi River on the border of Minneapolis and Brooklyn Center . It has a scenic view of the river and surrounding woods, along with a paved biking/hiking trail that connects to the Minneapolis trail system and to the Anoka County Park trails that go north to the Coon Rapids Dam. Silverwood is the park district's newest acquisition. Located on the northwest shore of Silver Lake in St. Anthony , it

4181-405: Is near the confluence of Minnehaha Creek with the Mississippi River. Sources disagree on the exact location and elevation of the city's highest point, which is cited as being between 967 and 985 feet (295 and 300 m) above sea level. Minneapolis has 83 neighborhoods and 70 neighborhood organizations. In some cases, two or more neighborhoods act together under one organization. Around 1990,

4294-636: Is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs 13.5 miles (21.7 km) from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail

4407-418: Is provided by Metro Transit , and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits. Residents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its well-regarded quality of life, Minneapolis has stark disparities among its residents—arguably the most critical issue confronting the city in the 21st century. Governed by a mayor-council system, Minneapolis has

4520-605: Is sited above an artesian aquifer and on flat terrain. Its total area is 59 square miles (152.8 square kilometers) of which six percent is covered by water. The city has a 12-mile (19 km) segment of the Mississippi River, four streams, and 17 waterbodies—13 of them lakes, with 24 miles (39 km) of lake shoreline. A 1959 report by the US Soil Conservation Service listed Minneapolis's elevation above mean sea level as 830 feet (250 meters). The city's lowest elevation of 687 feet (209 m) above sea level

4633-692: Is the only known nesting site of the hooded warbler in Minnesota. Also includes a hiking trail that is 3.1 miles (5.0 km) at the longest and 2.3 miles (3.7 km) at the shortest Noerenberg Memorial Gardens, located in Orono , is considered one of Minnesota's finest formal public gardens. It was donated to the park reserve by the estate of Frederick Noerenberg, founder of the Grain Belt brewery. The gardens are open May through October for tours, programs, informal viewing, and weddings. North Mississippi Regional Park

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4746-564: The Minneapolis Spokesman led a year-long consumer boycott of four area breweries that refused to hire Blacks. Employment improved during World War II, but housing discrimination persisted. Between 1950 and 1970, the Black population in Minneapolis increased by 436 percent. After the Rust Belt economy declined in the 1980s, Black migrants were attracted to Minneapolis for its job opportunities, good schools, and safe neighborhoods. In

4859-684: The American Indian Movement (AIM) in Minneapolis. Begun as an alternative to public and Bureau of Indian Affairs schools , AIM's Heart of the Earth Survival School taught Native American traditions to children for nearly twenty years. A same-sex Minneapolis couple appealed all the way to the US Supreme Court but their marriage license was denied. They managed to get a license and marry in 1971, forty years before Minnesota legalized same-sex marriage . Immigration helped to curb

4972-678: The Gilded Age , the Walker Art Center began as a private art collection in the home of lumberman T. B. Walker , who extended free admission to the public. Around 1940, the center's focus shifted to modern and contemporary art. In partnership with the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board , the Walker operates the adjacent Minneapolis Sculpture Garden , which has about forty sculptures on view year-round. The Minneapolis Institute of Art (Mia)

5085-1279: The Human Rights Campaign gave Minneapolis 94 points out of 100 on the Municipal Equality Index of support for the LGBTQ+ population. Twin Cities Pride is held in May. Minneapolis is the largest city in Minnesota and the 46th-largest city in the United States by population as of 2023. According to the 2020 US Census , Minneapolis had a population of 429,954. Of this population, 44,513 (10.4 percent) identified as Hispanic or Latinos . Of those not Hispanic or Latino, 249,581 persons (58.0 percent) were White alone (62.7 percent White alone or in combination), 81,088 (18.9 percent) were Black or African American alone (21.3 percent Black alone or in combination), 24,929 (5.8 percent) were Asian alone, 7,433 (1.2 percent) were American Indian and Alaska Native alone, 25,387 (0.6 percent) some other race alone, and 34,463 (5.2 percent) were multiracial . The most common ancestries in Minneapolis according to

5198-471: The Hyland Hills Ski Area , a downhill ski area with two terrain parks. The park is home to a massive creative play area that is a favorite of local residents. The ski area is popular for lessons and for its proximity to the metro area. On Hyland Lake at the playground there is a chalet with a concessions stand and tables and chairs. During the winter the chalet has cross country ski rentals. The rest of

5311-532: The Mississippi River , creeks, and waterfalls. The city's public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway . Dakota people originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European colonization and settlement began north of Fort Snelling along Saint Anthony Falls —the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River. Location near the fort and the falls' power—with its potential for industrial activity—fostered

5424-762: The National Parks Passport Program for the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area . The park has a staffed visitor center with restrooms. There are picnic shelters along the pedestrian trail. Various wildlife can be seen throughout the year. Located in Rogers, Minnesota , Crow-Hassan Park Reserve has an area of 2,597 acres (1,051 ha), including 600 acres (240 ha) of tallgrass prairie . The park features 18 miles (29 km) of unpaved hiking trails, 11 miles (18 km) of horse trails, and an off-leash dog area. Eagle Lake Regional Park

5537-570: The Upper Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul , the state capital of Minnesota. Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and the surrounding area are collectively known as the Twin Cities , a metropolitan area with 3.69 million residents. Minneapolis is built on an artesian aquifer on flat terrain and is known for cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers. Nicknamed the "City of Lakes", Minneapolis is abundant in water, with thirteen lakes , wetlands,

5650-787: The 1890s and 1900s, and Slovak and Czech immigrants settled in the Bohemian Flats area on the west bank of the Mississippi River. Ukrainians arrived after 1900, and Central European migrants made their homes in the Northeast neighborhood. Chinese began immigration in the 1870s and Chinese businesses centered on the Gateway District and Glenwood Avenue. Westminster Presbyterian Church gave language classes and support for Chinese Americans in Minneapolis, many of whom had fled discrimination in western states. Japanese Americans , many relocated from San Francisco, worked at Camp Savage ,

5763-494: The 1970s, the district's focus shifted from land acquisition to development. The building of recreational facilities including park buildings, beaches, boat launches, paved trails for hiking and biking, and cross-country ski trails began in earnest. In 2001, the park system was renamed Three Rivers Park District to better reflect the areas it serves. Each of the Park District's facilities has watersheds that flow into three rivers:

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5876-469: The 1990s, immigrants from the Horn of Africa began to arrive, from Eritrea , Ethiopia , and particularly Somalia . Immigration from Somalia slowed significantly following a 2017 national executive order . As of 2022, about 3,000 Ethiopians and 20,000 Somalis reside in Minneapolis . The Williams Institute reported that the Twin Cities had an estimated 4.2-percent LGBT adult population in 2020. In 2023,

5989-431: The 19th century nearly concurrently, and each came to prominence for about fifty years. In 1884, the value of Minneapolis flour milling was the world's highest. In 1899, Minneapolis outsold every other lumber market in the world. Through its expanding mill industries, Minneapolis earned the nickname "Mill City". Due to the occupational hazards of milling, six companies manufactured artificial limbs. Disasters struck in

6102-421: The 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) were German (22.9 percent), Irish (10.8 percent), Norwegian (8.9 percent), Subsaharan African (6.7 percent), and Swedish (6.1 percent). Among those five years and older, 81.2 percent spoke only English at home, while 7.1 percent spoke Spanish and 11.7 percent spoke other languages, including large numbers of Somali and Hmong speakers. About 13.7 percent of

6215-577: The 2024 city budget. In 2018, the Minneapolis City Council approved the Minneapolis 2040 Comprehensive Plan, which resulted in a citywide end to single-family zoning . Slate reported that Minneapolis was the first major city in the US to make citywide such a revision in housing possibilities. At the time, 70 percent of residential land was zoned for detached, single-family homes, though many of those areas had "nonconforming" buildings with more housing units. City leaders sought to increase

6328-443: The 2040 plan, and declaring racism a public health emergency in 2020. Twin Cities residents are 70 percent Christian according to a Pew Research Center religious survey in 2014. Settlers who arrived in Minneapolis from New England were for the most part Protestants , Quakers , and Universalists . The oldest continuously used church, Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church , was built in 1856 by Universalists and soon afterward

6441-521: The Bottineau Boulevard. It was constructed in several phases as Bottineau Boulevard itself was reconstructed. Minneapolis Minneapolis is a city in and the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota , United States. With a population of 429,954, it is the state's most populous city as of the 2020 census . Located in the state's center near the eastern border, it occupies both banks of

6554-558: The Cedar Lake Loop, along with Cedar Lake Regional Trail , Cedar Lake LRT Trail, Midtown Greenway , and the Kenilworth Trail . Rush Creek Regional Trail is a paved six-mile (9.7 km) trail which connects Elm Creek Park Reserve and Mississippi Gateway Regional Park. It also connects to Shingle Creek Regional Trail, although three rivers is planning on extending the trail to Crow Hassen regional park Shingle Creek Regional Trail

6667-540: The Dakota emerged from Bdóte , the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers . Dakota are the only inhabitants of the Minneapolis area who claimed no other land; they have no traditions of having immigrated. In 1680, cleric Louis Hennepin , who was probably the first European to see the Minneapolis waterfall the Dakota people call Owámniyomni , renamed it the Falls of St. Anthony of Padua for his patron saint. In

6780-567: The Dakota. Facing starvation a faction of the Dakota declared war in August and killed settlers. Serving without any prior military experience, US commander Henry Sibley commanded raw recruits, volunteer mounted troops from Minneapolis and Saint Paul with no military experience. The war went on for six weeks in the Minnesota River valley. After a kangaroo court , 38 Dakota men were hanged. The army force-marched 1,700 non-hostile Dakota men, women, children, and elders 150 miles (240 km) to

6893-528: The Great Depression, the Citizens' Alliance , an association of employers, refused to negotiate with teamsters . The truck drivers union executed strikes in May and July–August. Charles Rumford Walker said that Minneapolis teamsters succeeded in part due to the "military precision of the strike machine". The union victory ultimately led to 1935 and 1938 federal laws protecting workers' rights. From

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7006-572: The Indigenous population during the 19th century, they claimed the city's land, and Kirsten Delegard of Mapping Prejudice explains that today's disparities evolved from control of the land. Discrimination increased when flour milling moved to the East Coast and the economy declined. The foundation laid by racial covenants on residential segregation, property value, homeownership, wealth, housing security, access to green spaces, and health equity shapes

7119-451: The Lowry Nature Center with interpretive programs, nine miles (14 km) of paved biking/hiking trails, 22 miles (35 km) of unpaved hiking trails, and nine miles (14 km) of horse trails. It is also connected to the Southwest LRT Trail 's northern branch. The Grimm Farm Historic Site serves as a museum within the reserve. Cleary Lake Regional Park is located near Prior Lake, in Scott County . Its 1,186 acres (480 ha) contain

7232-586: The Mississippi, Minnesota and Crow. These rivers have historically been and continue to be significant in the lives of the region's residents. The park system's current chair is John Gunyou . Most Three Rivers Park District parks are open from 5 a.m. through 10 p.m. Baker Park Reserve, with an area of 3,313 acres (1,341 ha), is located in Medina, Minnesota . Its highlights include the Baker Near-Wilderness Settlement retreat, available for use by families and groups, and Baker National Golf Course. It has eight miles (13 km) of paved biking/hiking trails. There

7345-402: The Mississippi, the river that runs through Minneapolis. Dakota leaders twice refused to sign the next treaty until they were paid for the previous one. In the decades following these treaty signings, the federal US government rarely honored their terms. At the beginning of the American Civil War, annuity payments owed in June 1862 to the Dakota by treaty were late, causing acute hunger among

7458-469: The NPS currently divides the various parks, monuments, and other units among seven regions, the passport booklet organizes parks into the nine regions in effect when the program was established. In addition to the stamps, each year the Passport to Your National Parks program releases a set of ten full-color collector sticker stamps featuring a photo and description of one park per region. Passport holders can affix these adhesive stamps to their Passport book in

7571-468: The Park District began efforts to restore wetland, prairie, woodland, and wildlife habitat to their natural state before 19th-century settlement. The district's policy is now that at least 80% of the land in a park reserve must be maintained or restored to its natural state, with only 20% of the land or less developed for recreation. Not all the parks in the system are park reserves; some of the smaller or more-developed parks are "regional parks". Beginning in

7684-434: The Twin Cities metropolitan area tied with Boston as having the eighth-highest concentration of major corporate headquarters in the US. Five Fortune 500 corporations were headquartered within the city limits of Minneapolis: Target Corporation , U.S. Bancorp , Xcel Energy , Ameriprise Financial , and Thrivent . The metro area's gross domestic product was $ 323.9 billion in 2022 ($ 337 billion in 2023). During

7797-425: The US and co-cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis , was named by Pope Pius XI in 1926. The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association was headquartered in Minneapolis from the 1950s until 2001. Christ Church Lutheran in the Longfellow neighborhood was the final work in the career of Eliel Saarinen , and it has an education building designed by his son Eero . Aligning with

7910-419: The US average of 11.1 percent. As of 2022, 90.8 percent of residents age 25 years or older had earned a high school degree compared to 89.1 percent nationally, and 53.5 percent had a bachelor's degree or higher compared to the 34.3 percent US national average. US veterans made up 2.8 percent of the population compared to the national average of 5 percent in 2023. In Minneapolis in 2020, Blacks owned homes at

8023-468: The birthplace of General Mills , the Pillsbury brand, Target Corporation , and Thermo King mobile refrigeration. The city's major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art , the Walker Art Center , and the Guthrie Theater . Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub . Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota 's main campus. The city's public transport

8136-502: The book each year. In 2006, for the program's 20th anniversary, the Passport Explorer was released, featuring a binder and larger pages. Due to its binder format, the Passport Explorer allows the user to easily add extra pages for additional stamps and featured stamps. The National Park Service is administratively divided into regions . Each region provides oversight and guidance to the park units within its geographic area. While

8249-470: The capital from Saint Paul, but they eventually won the state university. In 1856, the territorial legislature authorized Minneapolis as a town on the Mississippi's west bank. Minneapolis was incorporated as a city in 1867, and in 1872, it merged with St. Anthony. Minneapolis originated around a source of energy: Saint Anthony Falls, the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi. Each of the city's two founding industries—flour and lumber milling—developed in

8362-450: The city became more and more racially divided. Though such language was prohibited by state law in 1953 and by the federal Fair Housing Act of 1968 , restrictive covenants against minorities remained in many Minneapolis deeds as of the 2020s. In 2021, the city gave residents a means to discharge them. Minneapolis has a history of structural racism and has racial disparities in nearly every aspect of society. As White settlers displaced

8475-410: The city into crime, and tried to leave town in 1902. The Ku Klux Klan was a force in the city from 1921 until 1923. The gangster Kid Cann engaged in bribery and intimidation between the 1920s and the 1940s. After Minnesota passed a eugenics law in 1925, the proprietors of Eitel Hospital sterilized people at Faribault State Hospital . During the summer of 1934 and the financial downturn of

8588-592: The city set up the Neighborhood Revitalization Program (NRP), in which every one of the city's eighty-some neighborhoods participated. Funded for 20 years through 2011, with $ 400 million tax increment financing ($ 542 million in 2023), the program caught the eye of UN-Habitat , who considered it an example of best practices . Residents had a direct connection to government in NRP, whereby they proposed ideas appropriate for their area, and NRP reviewed

8701-484: The city's defining physical characteristic. Long periods of glaciation and interglacial melt carved several riverbeds through what is now Minneapolis. During the last glacial period , around 10,000 years ago, ice buried in these ancient river channels melted, resulting in basins that filled with water to become the lakes of Minneapolis . Meltwater from Lake Agassiz fed the Glacial River Warren , which created

8814-462: The city's early growth. For a time in the 19th century, Minneapolis was the lumber and flour milling capital of the world, and as home to the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis , it has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century. A Minneapolis Depression-era labor strike brought about federal worker protections. Work in Minneapolis contributed to the computing industry, and the city is

8927-492: The city's history, millers were required to pay for wheat with cash during the growing season and then to store the wheat until it was needed for flour. The Minneapolis Grain Exchange was founded in 1881; located near the riverfront, it is the only exchange as of 2023 for hard red spring wheat futures . Along with cash requirements for the milling industry, the large amounts of capital that lumbering had accumulated stimulated

9040-421: The city's mid-20th century population decline. But because of a few radicalized persons, the city's large Somali population was targeted with discrimination after 9/11 , when its hawalas or banks were closed. In 2020, 17-year-old Darnella Frazier recorded the murder of George Floyd ; Frazier's video contradicted the police department's initial statement. Floyd, a Black man, suffocated when Derek Chauvin ,

9153-522: The collection of more than 90,000 artworks spans six continents and about 5,000 years. Frank Gehry designed Weisman Art Museum , which opened in 1993, for the University of Minnesota . A 2011 addition by Gehry doubled the size of the galleries. The Museum of Russian Art opened in a restored church in 2005, and it hosts a collection of 20th-century Russian art and special events. The Northeast Minneapolis Arts District hosts 400 independent artists and

9266-555: The end of World War I in 1918 until 1950, antisemitism was commonplace in Minneapolis— Carey McWilliams called the city the antisemitic capital of the US. Starting in 1936, a fascist hate group known as the Silver Shirts held meetings in the city. In the 1940s, mayor Hubert Humphrey worked to rescue the city's reputation and helped the city establish the country's first municipal fair employment practices and

9379-675: The falls. Lumbering's decline began around the turn of the century, and sawmills in the city including the Weyerhauser mill closed by 1919. After depleting Minnesota's white pine, some lumbermen moved on to Douglas fir in the Pacific Northwest . In 1877, Cadwallader C. Washburn co-founded Washburn-Crosby, the company that became General Mills . Washburn and partner John Crosby sent Austrian civil engineer William de la Barre to Hungary where he acquired innovations through industrial espionage . De la Barre calculated and managed

9492-585: The first Filipinos came to attend the University of Minnesota . Vietnamese , Hmong (some from Thailand ), Lao , and Cambodians settled mainly in Saint Paul around 1975, but some built organizations in Minneapolis. In 1992, 160 Tibetan immigrants came to Minnesota, and many settled in the city's Whittier neighborhood. Burmese immigrants arrived in the early 2000s, with some moving to Greater Minnesota . The population of people from India in Minneapolis increased by 1,000 between 2000 and 2010, making it

9605-826: The former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail . Nine Mile Creek Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from the Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail in Hopkins to the Nokomis-MN River Trail in Bloomington. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail forms part of

9718-467: The housing disparities created the educational disparities that we still live with today." Professor Samuel Myers Jr. says of redlining , "Policing policies evolved that substituted explicit racial profiling with scientific management of racially disparate arrests. ... racially discriminatory policies became institutionalized and 'baked in' to the fabric of Minnesota life." Government efforts to address these disparities included zoning changes passed in

9831-481: The intersection where Floyd died, now known as George Floyd Square , with the slogan "No justice, no street". Minneapolis gathered ideas for the square and through community engagement promised final proposals for the end of 2024, that could be implemented by 2026 or thereafter. Protesters continued to ask for twenty-four reforms—many now met; a sticking point was ending qualified immunity for police. The history and economic growth of Minneapolis are linked to water,

9944-564: The largest concentration of Indians living in the state. The population of Minneapolis grew until 1950 when the census peaked at 521,718—the only time it has exceeded a half million. The population then declined for decades; after World War II, people moved to the suburbs and generally out of the Midwest. By 1930, Minneapolis had one of the nation's highest literacy rates among Black residents. However, discrimination prevented them from obtaining higher-paying jobs. In 1935, Cecil Newman and

10057-532: The late 19th century: the Eastman tunnel under the river leaked in 1869; twice, fire destroyed the entire row of sawmills on the east bank; an explosion of flour dust at the Washburn A mill killed eighteen people and demolished about half the city's milling capacity; and in 1893, fire spread from Nicollet Island to Boom Island to northeast Minneapolis, destroyed twenty blocks, and killed two people. The lumber industry

10170-517: The lives of people in the 21st century. The city wrote in a decennial plan that racially discriminatory federal housing policies starting in the 1930s "prevented access to mortgages in areas with Jews, African-Americans and other minorities" and "left a lasting effect on the physical characteristics of the city and the financial well-being of its residents". Discussing a Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis report on how systemic racism compromises education in Minnesota, Professor Keith Mayes says, "So

10283-742: The local banking industry and made Minneapolis a major financial center. The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis serves Minnesota, Montana , North and South Dakota , and parts of Wisconsin and Michigan ; it has the smallest population of the twelve districts in the Federal Reserve System , and it has one branch in Helena, Montana . Minneapolis area employment is primarily in trade, transportation, utilities, education, health services, and professional and business services. Smaller numbers of residents are employed in government, manufacturing, leisure and hospitality, and financial activities. In 2022,

10396-499: The median income for a Black family was $ 34,377 less than a White family's median income, an improvement of $ 7,000 since 2019. Before 1910, when a developer wrote the first restrictive covenant based on race and ethnicity into a Minneapolis deed, the city was relatively unsegregated with a Black population of less than one percent. Realtors adopted the practice, thousands of times preventing non-Whites from owning or leasing properties; this practice continued for four decades until

10509-726: The park reserve's 1,000 acres (400 ha) contain nine miles (14 km) of paved biking/hiking trails and other unpaved hiking trails. In addition, the park features an 18-hole championship-level disc golf course playing along the ski slopes. The visitor center offers boat and kayak rentals for use on Hyland Lake. In the winter, seven miles (11 km) of cross-country ski trails are offered, and some trails are lit for evening use. Hyland Lake Park Reserve also hosts Richardson Nature Center. The center offers live animal displays, interpretive nature programs and winter snowshoe rentals. The creative play in Hyland Lake Park Reserve features

10622-689: The plan, and then securing its survival. Ultimately in 2024, the state legislature passed a bill approving the city's 2040 plan. Minneapolis experiences a hot-summer humid continental climate ( Dfa in the Köppen climate classification ) that is typical of southern parts of the Upper Midwest ; it is situated in USDA plant hardiness zone 5a. The Minneapolis area experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events, including snow, sleet, ice, rain, thunderstorms, and fog. The highest recorded temperature

10735-581: The plans and provided implementation funds. The city's Neighborhood and Community Relations department took NRP's place in 2011 and is funded only by city revenue. In 2019, the city released the Neighborhoods 2020 program, which reworked neighborhood funding with an equity-focused lens. This reduced guaranteed funding, and several neighborhood organizations have since struggled with operations or merged with other neighborhoods due to decreased revenue. Base funding for every neighborhood organization increased in

10848-503: The population was born abroad , with 53.2 percent of them being naturalized US citizens . Most immigrants arrived from Africa (40.6 percent), Latin America (25.2 percent), and Asia (24.6 percent), with 34.6 percent of all foreign-born residents having arrived in 2010 or earlier. Comparable to the US average of $ 70,784 in 2021, the ACS reported that the 2021 median household income in Minneapolis

10961-418: The power at the falls and encouraged steam for auxiliary power. Charles Alfred Pillsbury and the C. A. Pillsbury Company across the river hired Washburn-Crosby employees and began using the new methods. The hard red spring wheat grown in Minnesota became valuable, and Minnesota "patent" flour was recognized at the time as the best bread flour in the world. In 1900, fourteen percent of America's grain

11074-510: The river's west bank included woolen mills, iron works, a railroad machine shop, and mills for cotton, paper, sashes, and wood-planing. Minneapolis supplied the materials for farmsteads and settlement of rapidly expanding cities on the prairies that lacked wood. White pine milled in Minneapolis built Miles City, Montana ; Bismarck, North Dakota ; Sioux Falls, South Dakota ; Omaha, Nebraska ; and Wichita, Kansas . Growing use of steam power freed lumbermen and their sawmills from dependence on

11187-497: The second half of the 20th century. Between 1958 and 1963, Minneapolis demolished " skid row ". Gone were 35 acres (10 ha) with more than 200 buildings, or roughly 40 percent of downtown, including the Gateway District and its significant architecture such as the Metropolitan Building . Opened in 1967, I-35W displaced Black and Mexican neighborhoods in south Minneapolis. In 1968, relocated Native Americans founded

11300-409: The space of sixty years, the US seized all of the Dakota land and forced them out of their homeland. Purchasing most of modern-day Minneapolis, Zebulon Pike made the 1805 Treaty of St. Peter with the Dakota. Pike bought a 9-square-mile (23 km ) strip of land—coinciding with the sacred place of Dakota origin —on the Mississippi south of Saint Anthony Falls, with the agreement the US would build

11413-661: The supply of housing so more neighborhoods would be affordable and to decrease the effects single-family zoning had caused on racial disparities and segregation. The Brookings Institution called it "a relatively rare example of success for the YIMBY agenda". From 2022 until 2024, the Minnesota Supreme Court , the US District Court , and the Minnesota Court of Appeals arrived at competing opinions, first shutting down

11526-646: The turn of the 21st century, Latinos were the state's largest and fastest-growing immigrant group. Immigrants from Sweden , Norway , and Denmark found common ground with the Republican and Protestant belief systems of the New England migrants who preceded them. Irish , Scots , and English immigrants arrived after the Civil War; Germans and Jews from Central and Eastern Europe , as well as Russia , followed. Minneapolis welcomed Italians and Greeks in

11639-501: The winter, it has six miles (9.7 km) of cross-country ski trails. The park is connected to Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Gale Woods, located on the shores of Whaletale Lake in Minnetrista , is a working farm featuring interpretive programs where visitors can learn about agriculture and land stewardship. The farm is home to the Gale Woods Folk School, which offers classes in cooking and the fiber arts. The park also includes

11752-436: Was $ 69,397 ($ 78,030 in 2023), It was $ 97,670 for families, $ 123,693 for married couples, and $ 54,083 for non-family households. In 2023, the median Minneapolis rent was $ 1,529, compared to the national median of $ 1,723. Over 92 percent of housing units in Minneapolis were occupied. Housing units in the city built in 1939 or earlier comprised 43.7 percent. Almost 17 percent of residents lived in poverty in 2023, compared to

11865-456: Was a "relatively minor incident" in Minneapolis compared to the loss of life and property in similar incidents in Detroit and Newark. A coalition reached a peaceful outcome but again failed to solve Black poverty and unemployment. In the wake of unrest and voter backlash, Charles Stenvig , a law-and-order candidate, became mayor in 1969, and governed for almost a decade. Disparate events defined

11978-529: Was acquired by a French Catholic congregation. St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral was founded in 1887; it opened a missionary school and in 1905 created a Russian Orthodox seminary. Edwin Hawley Hewitt designed St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral and Hennepin Avenue United Methodist Church , both of which are located south of downtown. The nearby Basilica of Saint Mary , the first basilica in

12091-465: Was built around forests in northern Minnesota, largely by lumbermen emigrating from Maine 's depleting forests. The region's waterways were used to transport logs well after railroads developed; the Mississippi River carried logs to St. Louis until the early 20th century. In 1871, of the thirteen mills sawing lumber in St. Anthony, eight ran on water power, and five ran on steam power. Auxiliary businesses on

12204-597: Was discontinued in 1966, so the dam is now used for recreation. Anoka County operates a park on its side of the dam. There is a pedestrian and bicycle walkway across the Dam. It also connects to the Elm Creek Regional Trail, which stretches six miles (9.7 km) across Brooklyn Park and Maple Grove to meet up with Elm Creek Park Reserve. This park and the Coon Rapids Dam East, a walk across the dam, are sites for

12317-833: Was formerly the site of the Salvation Army Silver Lake Camp. Silverwood serves as a regional center devoted to connecting the community with the natural world and artistic creation. Through a gallery space, an amphitheater, art circles, and classrooms, artists engage and inspire the community with exhibitions, creations, teaching and performance. The park also features a coffee shop specializing in local, natural, organic, and sustainable foods. Picnicking, hiking trails and fishing are also available. Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail runs from downtown Minneapolis to Hopkins along former railroad lines. It connects to other trails including Luce Line Regional Trail, North Cedar Lake Regional Trail, and Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It

12430-582: Was founded in a Minneapolis garage. Minneapolis-Honeywell built a south Minneapolis campus where their experience regulating control systems earned them military contracts for the Norden bombsight and the C-1 autopilot . In 1957, Control Data began in downtown Minneapolis, where in the CDC 1604 computer they replaced vacuum tubes with transistors . A highly successful business until disbanded in 1990, Control Data opened

12543-509: Was milled in Minneapolis and about one third of that was shipped overseas. Overall production peaked at 18.5 million barrels in 1916. Decades of soil exhaustion , stem rust , and changes in freight tariffs combined to quash the city's flour industry. In the 1920s, Washburn-Crosby and Pillsbury developed new milling centers in Buffalo, New York , and Kansas City, Missouri , while maintaining their headquarters in Minneapolis. The falls became

12656-727: Was originally occupied by Dakota bands, particularly the Mdewakanton , until European Americans moved westward. In the 1840s, new settlers arrived from Maine , New Hampshire , and Massachusetts , while French-Canadians came around the same time. Farmers from Illinois , Indiana , Ohio , and Pennsylvania followed in a secondary migration. Settlers from New England had an outsized influence on civic life. Mexican migrant workers began coming to Minnesota as early as 1860, although few stayed year-round. Latinos eventually settled in several neighborhoods in Minneapolis, including Phillips , Whittier , Longfellow and Northeast . Before

12769-550: Was proposed as early as 1901, but it was not until 1955 that the Minnesota Legislature passed the legislation that cleared the way to establish the park system in 1957. It was then known as the Hennepin County Park Reserve District. In its first decade, the Park District purchased nearly 21,000 acres (8,500 ha) of property, mostly farmland in Hennepin County's fast-growing suburban areas. In 1967,

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