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22-620: The regional unit stretches from the Thermaic Gulf in the southwest to the Strymonic Gulf in the east. Two bodies of water are located in the north, Lake Koroneia in the heart of the regional unit and Lake Volvi in the east. There are farmlands throughout the west and southwest, with fewer in the northeast, north and along the Axios River valley. Mountainous areas include the Chortiatis in

44-672: A fortress ( kastron )—re-appears in the peninsula and that the bishopric is mentioned again, as a suffragan of Thessalonica . The area prospered due to its fertility, and both Thessalonians as well as the monks of the growing monastic community at nearby Mount Athos had estates there. In the winter of 1307/08, the peninsula and the city were seized and held by the Catalan Company during their move from Thrace to southern Greece. The 14th-century historian Nikephoros Gregoras describes Kassandreia as "abandoned" during his time, and sometime before 1407, Emperor John VII Palaiologos rebuilt

66-460: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a specific oceanic location or ocean current is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Pallene, Chalcidice Kassandra ( Greek : Κασσάνδρα ) or Kassandra Peninsula ( Χερσόνησος Κασσάνδρας , Chersónisos Kassándras ) is a peninsula and a municipality in Chalkidiki , Macedonia , Greece . The seat of

88-573: Is bounded by Pieria Imathia and Larissa on the west and the Chalkidiki peninsula on the east, with Cape Kassandra at the southeasternmost corner. It is named after the ancient town of Therma , modern Thessaloniki . It is about 100 km (62 mi) long. By narrower definitions, the Thermaic Gulf is bounded on the west by the line from the mouth of the Axios or Vardar to Cape Megalo Embolo , making it about 15 km (9.3 mi) long; while

110-610: Is connected with the following roads and highways. Until the A1 / E75 motorway (constructed during the 1970s) and the A2 / E90 motorway (constructed during the 1990s) were constructed, GR-1 and GR-2 were the main road links connecting the regional unit of Thessaloniki with other parts of the country. Furthermore, parts of GR-67 (in the near future to form part of the A25) linking Chalkidiki , and GR-65 linking Kilkis , were converted into motorways during

132-600: Is subdivided into 14 municipalities. These are: (Number corresponds to the map in the infobox.) The Thessaloniki Prefecture ( Greek : Νομός Θεσσαλονίκης ) was created when the area was annexed by Greece during the First Balkan War in 1913. At that time. its area was the largest prefecture in the country, covering about 7% of the total land. The prefectures of Pella and Kilkis were split off in 1930 and 1937 respectively, and after World War II in 1947, Imathia and Pieria were additionally created from land belonging to

154-504: Is the gulf's largest and busiest port, while another twelve small ports provide sea transport in, out and around the Thermaic gulf. Major road networks of northern Greece such as the A1 / E75 motorway (Athens - Thessaloniki) encircles the western portion of the gulf, while the A24 (Thessaloniki - Nea Moudania motorway) almost encircles the eastern part of it. This Greece location article

176-485: The Aegean Sea . It is said to have anciently borne the name of Phlegra ( Φλέγρα ) and to have witnessed the conflict between the gods and the earthborn Gigantes . The modern name of the peninsula is Kassandra, which, besides affording excellent winter pasture for cattle and sheep, also produces an abundance of grain of superior quality, as well as wool, honey, and wax, besides raising silkworms. In antiquity, Pallene

198-530: The 2000s. Most of the stations are in the city (see Thessaloniki#Communications ). Here are list of stations outside the city: Thermaic Gulf The Thermaic Gulf ( Greek : Θερμαϊκός Κόλπος , Thermaïkós Kólpos ), also called the Gulf of Thessaloniki and the Macedonian Gulf , is a gulf constituting the northwest corner of the Aegean Sea . The city of Thessaloniki is at its northeastern tip, and it

220-573: The Thessaloniki Prefecture. As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis administrative reform , the prefecture was transformed into a regional unit within the Central Macedonia region, without any change in boundaries. At the same time, the municipalities were reorganized, according to the table below. Note: Provinces no longer hold any legal status in Greece . The regional unit of Thessaloniki

242-540: The entire peninsula was burnt by the Turks. The refugees moved with fishing boats to the islands of Skiathos , Skopelos , Alonnisos and Euboeia . Nobody lived in the peninsula for more than 30 years. Then the population started to gather again. In 1912 it became a part of Greece . Many Greek refugees from Anatolia settled in the peninsula after the 1923 population exchange following the Greco-Turkish War. The peninsula

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264-481: The eras: Cassandreia, Aphytis, Mende, Scione and Sane. In Late Antiquity , the center of the peninsula was the city of Cassandreia or Kassandreia. A polis and a bishopric, Cassandreia was destroyed by the Huns in 539 or 540 AD. After this, Emperor Justinian I built a wall at the entrance of the peninsula, but it is not until the 10th century that a sizeable settlement—described as a township ( polichnion ) and later as

286-550: The gulf. The Thermaic Gulf was significantly larger in classical times, with many ancient seaside cities (e.g. Pella ) are now found several kilometers inland. The extensive silting mainly affects the northern and western parts of the gulf, which receive the bulk of alluvial outflow. The gulf is home to many famous, pristine beaches, which include Sani Beach. However, there are no beaches on the northwest coast, where wetlands stretch from Methone (northwest coast) to Thessaloniki 's western suburb of Kalochori . The Port of Thessaloniki

308-632: The mountains. The area that was to become the Thessaloniki regional unit was annexed by Greece in 1912, during the First Balkan War . The area was struck by an earthquake in 1978 , and by flooding due to rainfall in October 2006. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , founder of modern Turkey, was born in Salonica , the name for the city of Thessaloniki when it was part of the Ottoman Empire. The Thessaloniki regional unit

330-500: The municipality is in Kassandreia . The municipality Kassandra was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 2 former municipalities, that became municipal units (communities in brackets): The municipality has an area of 334.280 km , the municipal unit 206.097 km . Pallene ( Greek : Παλλήνη ) is the ancient name of the westernmost of the three headlands of Chalcidice , which run out into

352-505: The northeastern coast of the gulf. Places that lie on the gulf include Sani, Kassandreia , ancient Potidaea , Nea Moudania , Agia Triada, Neoi Epivates, Peraia , Kalochori , Methoni , Pydna , Paralia Katerinis , Olympiaki Akti , Alexandrini , Koutsoupia and Stomio (Larissa). The rivers emptying into the gulf are the Pineios , Aliakmon , Loudias , Gallikos and Axios/Vardar ; several streams including one near Pydna also empty into

374-574: The old fortifications of Justinian. As a de facto annex of Thessalonica, the peninsula shared the city's fate and came under a brief Venetian control in 1423, before being captured by the Ottoman Empire in c. 1430. Kassandra ( Turkish : Kesendire ) was one of the places that rebelled against the Ottomans in 1821. Because it managed to stop the Turkish army from fighting the rebels in southern Greece,

396-434: The peninsula was struck by a major forest fire that affected the central and the southern parts of the peninsula, on the day of the heatwave when temperatures soared to nearly 40 °C. Several houses were destroyed including villas, hotels and a campground, while the natural beauty was erased. It burnt large areas of forests including some farmlands. The cause of this tremendous fire was dry lightning which occurred throughout

418-512: The smaller Gulf of Salonica is bounded by a line running from the mouth of the Gallikos to Mikro Emvolo . To the Romans , the gulf was also known as Thermaicus or Thermaeus sinus ("Gulf of Therma") and as Macedonicus sinus ("The Gulf of Macedon ", or "The Macedonian Gulf"). One of its modern names is the "Gulf of Thessaloniki", named after the city of Thessaloniki which sprawls around and along

440-601: The west-central part, the Vertiskos in the north and parts of the Kerdylio mountains in the northeast. The regional unit borders on the Imathia regional unit to the southwest, Pella to the west, Kilkis to the north, Serres to the east and Chalkidiki to the south. Its climate includes hot Mediterranean summers and cool to mild winters in low-lying areas and plains. Winter weather is very common in areas 500m above sea level and into

462-514: Was lined with paved roads in the mid-20th century. Tourism also arrived after the war period of World War II and the Greek Civil War . More paved roads were added in the 1970s and the 1980s and tourism developed rapidly. Agriculture shifted to tourism and other businesses as the primary industry of the peninsula in the 1980s. The eastern coastal strip from Kallithea down to Pefkochori became especially built up with resorts. On August 22, 2006,

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484-447: Was the site of numerous towns: Sane , Mende , Scione , Therambos , Aege , Neapolis , Aphytis , which were either wholly or partly colonies from Eretria . After the founding of the Roman colony of Cassandreia (43 BC), located at the site of ancient Potidaea , the entire peninsula of Pallene was included in the colony territory. Strabo mentions five cities of Pallene at the turn of

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