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24-673: The Physiological Society was founded in 1876 as a dining society "for mutual benefit and protection" by a group of 19 physiologists, led by John Burdon Sanderson and Michael Foster , as a result of the 1875 Royal Commission on Vivisection and the subsequent 1876 Cruelty to Animals Act. Other founding members included: William Sharpey , Thomas Huxley , George Henry Lewes , Francis Galton , John Marshall , George Murray Humphry , Frederick William Pavy , Lauder Brunton , David Ferrier , Philip Pye-Smith , Walter H. Gaskell , John Gray McKendrick , Emanuel Edward Klein , Edward Schafer , Francis Darwin , George Romanes , and Gerald Yeo . The aim

48-684: A Carnegie Fellowship to study with John Carew Eccles at the Kanematsu Institute of Sydney Medical School . During this time, both he and Eccles gave research lectures at the University of Sydney . He obtained British nationality in 1941 and joined the Royal Australian Air Force in 1942. He spent the war in the Pacific as a radar officer and in 1946 was invited back to UCL as an assistant director by Hill . For three years until 1949,

72-537: A historical aspect of physiology. Intended to raise awareness and understanding of physiology among the general public and schools. Named after Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer . Awarded alternating between established and early-career physiologists. Awarded to young physiologists (under 40). Now discontinued. Awarded to early-career physiologists. Now discontinued. John Burdon Sanderson Sir John Scott Burdon-Sanderson, 1st Baronet , FRS , H FRSE D.Sc. (21 December 1828 – 23 November 1905)

96-457: A suitable laboratory, lecture rooms, etc., in which to carry on his work, was strongly opposed, by some on grounds of economy, but largely because he was an upholder of the usefulness and necessity of experiments upon animals. It was, however, eventually carried by a small majority (88 to 85), and in the same year the Royal Society awarded him a Royal Medal in recognition of his researches into

120-423: A worker in the field of renal or epithelial physiology, under 35 years old. It has now been discontinued. Named for George Lindor Brown . These lectures are delivered at various institutions and intended to stimulate an interest in physiology. Named in memory of Geoffrey Harris . Now discontinued. Named after Alan Hodgkin , Andrew Huxley and Bernard Katz , and normally awarded to a physiologist from outside

144-641: The Royal College of Physicians in 1891. He gave the Harveian Oration before the College of Physicians in 1878, acted as President of the British Association at Nottingham in 1893 and served on three Royal Commissions : on Hospitals (1883), on Tuberculosis , Meat and Milk (1890), and on a University for London (1892). In February 1902 he received the honorary degree Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) from

168-620: The University of Edinburgh with the thesis "On the metamorphoses of the coloured corpuscles in extravasated blood" and at Paris . Settling in London, he became Medical Officer of Health for Paddington in 1856 and four years later physician to the Middlesex Hospital and the Brompton Consumption hospitals . When diphtheria appeared in England in 1858 he was sent to investigate

192-744: The Victoria University of Manchester , in connection with the 50th jubilee celebrations of the establishment of the university. He died in Oxford on 23 November 1905. He is buried in Wolvercote Cemetery in Oxford. In 1853 he married the author Ghetal Herschell, daughter of Ridley Haim Herschell . His wife wrote his biography. They had no children. He was maternal uncle to the scientist John Scott Haldane . Bernard Katz Sir Bernard Katz , FRS ( German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁnaʁt kat͡s] ; 26 March 1911 – 20 April 2003)

216-725: The Katz family lived with Hill and his wife Margaret in the top flat of their house in Highgate . Back in England he also worked with the 1963 Nobel prize winners Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley . Katz was made a professor at UCL in 1952 and head of the Biophysics Department; he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1952 . He stayed as head of Biophysics until 1978 when he became emeritus professor. Katz married Marguerite Penly in 1945. He died in London on 20 April 2003, at

240-544: The Nobel for his discovery with Paul Fatt that neurotransmitter release at synapses is " quantal ", meaning that at any particular synapse, the amount of neurotransmitter released is never less than a certain amount, and if more is always an integral number times this amount. Scientists now understand that this circumstance arises because, prior to their release into the synaptic gap, transmitter molecules reside in like-sized subcellular packages known as synaptic vesicles , released in

264-712: The UK or Ireland. Named for Joan Mott . Named for Michael de Burgh Daly  [ Wikidata ] . Named for Otto Hutter , and awarded to teachers of undergraduate physiology. Initiated in 2017, the President’s Lecture is awarded by the President of The Society to a recipient of their choosing. This prestigious lecture is awarded at the discretion of The Society’s President. Named for R Jean Banister . Awarded to an early-career physiologist and delivered at various institutions. Named for William D.M. Paton , and given on

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288-433: The age of 92. His son Jonathan is Public Orator of The University of Oxford . His research uncovered fundamental properties of synapses , the junctions across which nerve cells signal to each other and to other types of cells. By the 1950s, he was studying the biochemistry and action of acetylcholine , a signalling molecule found in synapses linking motor neurons to muscles , used to stimulate contraction. Katz won

312-523: The body works in health and disease and in teaching physiology in schools and universities. The Society also facilitates communication between scientists and with other interested groups. The Physiological Society publishes the academic journals The Journal of Physiology and Experimental Physiology , and with the American Physiological Society publishes the online only, open access journal Physiological Reports . It also publishes

336-477: The disease at the different points of outbreak, and in subsequent years he carried out a number of similar inquiries, e.g. into the cattle plague and into cholera in 1866. In 1871, he reported that Penicillium inhibited the growth of bacteria, an observation which places him among the forerunners of Alexander Fleming . He became first principal of the Brown Institution at Lambeth in 1871, and in 1874

360-497: The electrical phenomena exhibited by plants and the relations of minute organisms to disease, and of the services he had rendered to physiology and pathology . In 1885 the University of Oxford was asked to vote £500 a year for three years for the purposes of the laboratory, then approaching completion. This proposal was fought with the utmost bitterness by Sanderson's opponents, the anti-vivisectionists including E. A. Freeman , John Ruskin and Bishop Mackarness of Oxford . Ultimately

384-507: The membership magazine Physiology News . In August 2024 The Society announced its first new wholly owned journals in over 100 years, with the launch of The Journal of Precision Medicine: Health and Disease and The Journal of Nutritional Physiology . The society is based at Hodgkin Huxley House in Farringdon, London, named after Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley . The post of president

408-495: The money was granted by 412 to 244 votes. In 1895 Sanderson was appointed Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford, resigning the post in 1904. In 1899 he was created a Baronet , of Banbury Road in the Parish of Saint Giles in the City of Oxford. His attainments, both in biology and medicine, brought him many honours. He was Croonian Lecturer to the Royal Society in 1867 and 1877 and to

432-509: The son of Eugenie (Rabinowitz) and Max Katz, a fur merchant. He was educated at the Albert Gymnasium in that city from 1921 to 1929 and went on to study medicine at the University of Leipzig . He graduated in 1934 and fled to Britain in February 1935. Katz went to work at University College London , initially under the tutelage of Archibald Vivian Hill . He finished his PhD in 1938 and won

456-520: Was a German-born British physician and biophysicist , noted for his work on nerve physiology ; specifically, for his work on synaptic transmission at the nerve-muscle junction . He shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1970 with Julius Axelrod and Ulf von Euler . He was made a Knight Bachelor in 1969. Katz was born in Leipzig , Germany, to a Jewish family originally from Russia,

480-704: Was also founder of The Journal of Physiology in 1878, and was appointed to the first Chair of Physiology at the University of Cambridge in 1883. The archives are held at the Wellcome Library . The Society is the oldest and largest network of physiologists in Europe, consisting of members from over 60 countries. The Society’s membership has included at least 61 Nobel laureates, in Physiology or Medicine (n=55), Chemistry (n=5) or Peace (n=1). The majority of members are engaged in research, in universities or industry, into how

504-415: Was an English physiologist born near Newcastle upon Tyne , and a member of a well known Northumbrian family. He was born at Jesmond near Newcastle-upon-Tyne on 21 December 1828 the son of Richard Burdon (1791-1865) and his wife Elizabeth Sanderson. His maternal grandfather was Sir James Sanderson, 1st Baronet . His paternal grandfather was Sir Thomas Burdon. He received his medical education at

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528-462: Was appointed Jodrell Professor of Physiology at University College London , retaining that post until 1882. When the Waynflete Chair of Physiology was established at Oxford in 1882, he was chosen to be its first occupant, and immediately found himself the object of a furious anti- vivisectionist agitation. The proposal that the university should spend a large amount of money providing him with

552-510: Was established in 2001, and the society's current president is David Attwell . Past holders include: The Society awards a number of prizes for meritorious achievement. The society considers its Annual Review Prize Lecture, first awarded in 1968, to be its premier award. Named for William Bayliss and Ernest Starling . Originally awarded every three years, since 2015 it is awarded annually alternating between established and early-career physiologists. Named in memory of Kathy Biller. Given to

576-435: Was to promote the advancement of physiology . Charles Darwin and William Sharpey were elected as the society's first two Honorary Members. The society first met at Sanderson's London home. The first rules of the society offered membership to no more than 40, all of whom should be male "working" physiologists. Women were first admitted as members in 1915 and the centenary of this event was celebrated in 2015. Michael Foster

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