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13-510: Both societies were founded in 1778, and the specific areas of interest to the Second Society are Physics, Biology, Literature, History, the study of Art, and Numismatics. The society has six members, and the first members appointed in 1778 by Teyler himself were: The first task of the new society was to commission a prize medal and set up a prize contest. Like the First Society, they ordered

26-411: A certain common bond . The reverse side of the medal leaves room for the date and the winner's name. The idea was to discuss theory and present a question each year for the prize medal to be awarded. During the first ten years, only four prize medals were awarded, though five papers were published (in 1802 Jan Nieuwenhuis did not win a medal, but his paper appeared in the "Verhandelingen"). Sometimes just

39-399: A gold medal was awarded, and sometimes both gold and silver medals were awarded, but often there were no contestants at all. The first gold medal winner was Martinus van Marum , who won the first prize in 1778 with his paper "Phlogisteerde en niet-phlogisteerde lucht" challenging phlogiston theory . He replaced Elout the next year and became conservator of the physics cabinet. In 1780, Bosch

52-399: A medal from Johann Georg Holtzhey and the allegory on the front of the medal shows an all-seeing eye in a halo, with a symbolic representation of the five arts (from left to right: history (folio), poetry (lyre), physics (globe and compass), drawing (brush and palette) and numismatics (coin and medal tableau). The text around the edge means All sciences that relate to human civilization, have

65-547: A staff to place a Phrygian cap upon America's head, while America holds a shield bearing thirteen stars and rests a foot upon the head of a chained lion (representing England). The reverse shows the unicorn of the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom , prostrate with its horn broken against a rock cliff. The inscription reads, “Tyrannis virtute repulsa / sub Galliae auspiciis,” which translates to “Tyranny repelled by valor / under

78-608: The archive of Teylers Stichting testifies to the great care Holtzhey took when sending the medals, which were securely packed in wool to protect them from shaking . After Holtzhey's death the Foundation purchased the stamp press for the Teylers prize medal from the Holtzhey estate for 100 guilders. In 1782 Holtzhey designed two medals for John Adams , one to celebrate the Dutch acknowledgement of

91-475: The auspices of France”, Though Adams wrote ironically to his wife Abigail of the Dutch love for medals as a method of celebrating events, he wrote very respectfully to Holtzhey himself and thanked him for his work and explanation of the designs. Together with his father Holtzhey wrote a catalog of 73 historical medals in 1755, Catalogus der Medailles en Gedenkpenningen, betrekking hebbende op de voornaamste historien der vereenigde Nederlanden, Amst. 1755 , which

104-711: The independence of the Thirteen Colonies on April 19, 1782, and one to celebrate the trade treaty with the Netherlands on October 8, 1782. The face of the medal celebrating independence is in the collection of the Teylers Museum and declares “Libera Soror,” or “A Free Sister,” and depicts the Netherlands Maiden on the left as an armed woman and the United States on the right as a Native American woman. Holland uses

117-621: The mint in Gelderland and Middelburg . He took over his father's workshop in Amsterdam in 1749 when his father accepted his duties as "muntmeester" (mint master). He became mint master of the Utrecht mint, and became the teacher of the medallists David van der Kellen and Hendrik Lageman. He made a name for himself designing and striking medals for Dutch honorary societies, and kept the presses for these societies, striking medals on request and engraving

130-412: The names of the prize winners himself. On his death the presses were often purchased back at great expense by the societies. The Teylers Stichting (English: Teylers Foundation) had him design a prize medal in 1778 that is still used. At 1000 guilders the manufacture of the coin stamps was costly -a consequence of the size of the medals, which matched the ambitions of the new Foundation. Another receipt in

143-615: Was a 19th-century engraver and medallist from the Netherlands. According to van der Aa, he lost both parents at a young age and was brought up in the Lutheran orphanage in Haarlem. He chose to become a goldsmith and learned drawing, sculpting, and engraving, whereupon he went to work in Amsterdam for Holtzhey. According to the RKD he was a pupil of Johann Georg Holtzhey in Amsterdam. He made medals for special occasions as well as official coins and became

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156-547: Was replaced by Jean Gijsbert Decker , and Enschedé by Willem Anne Lestevenon . The society still promotes research with prize medals. Johann Georg Holtzhey Johann Georg Holtzhey (1729, Amsterdam – 1808, Amsterdam ), was an 18th-century medallist and mint master from the Dutch Republic . According to the Netherlands Institute for Art History (RKD) he was the son of Martin Holtzhey , master of

169-477: Was sadly far from complete, though it was quoted in several books on medals. Though he married twice he remained childless, and he was succeeded as mint master in Utrecht by his pupil David van der Kellen Sr. , who continued his tradition of striking historical medals for anniversaries and popular events. In 1809 his collection was sold at auction for 4000 guilders. David van der Kellen Sr. David van der Kellen Sr. (1764, Velsen – 1825, Utrecht ),

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