TerraMax is the trademark for autonomous / unmanned ground vehicle technology developed by Oshkosh Defense . Primary military uses for the technology are seen as reconnaissance missions and freight transport in high-risk areas without the need of human operators, protecting the soldiers from possible attacks, ambushes or the threat of mines and IEDs . The technology could also be used in civilian settings, such as autonomous snow clearing at airports.
37-600: The original TerraMax vehicle was based on Oshkosh’s 6x6 Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement (MTVR) and this was entered in the 2004 and 2005 DARPA Grand Challenges. A 4x4 variant was subsequently developed for, and entered in, the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge. Since then, Oshkosh has continued developing the technology and in addition to four MTVRs has fitted the technology to its Palletized Load System (PLS), Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV). and MRAP All Terrain Vehicle (M-ATV) . Oshkosh actively commenced development of
74-641: A second axle suspension unit to be raised and secured. Mobility parameters include a climatic operational range of -50 °F to 125 °F. The MTVR has a maximum speed of 65 mph and on-road cruising range of 300 mi. It can climb a 60% gradient and traverse a 40% side slope with its maximum cross-country load. It can ford 60in of water. Turning radius and approach , departure , and ramp breakover angles vary by variant. MTVR variants can be internally transported by C-5 , C-17 and C-130 Hercules transport aircraft. The MK23 can be transported underslung by CH-53 helicopter. The original MTVR trailer
111-475: A sensor suite and an advanced operator control unit (OCU). Command Zone is an integrated control and diagnostics system that is computer-controlled, electronics technology that operates and diagnoses all major vehicle networks. The backbone of the Command Zone system is advanced multiplexing technology. The multimodal sensor suite consists of a high definition LIDAR (light detection and ranging) system,
148-505: A travel of 12.8 in on the rear axles. The front axle is rated at 16,000 lb, the second at 23,500 lb, the third at 25,400 lb. The MK36 wrecker and MK31 tractor variants have Hendrickson hydraulic suspension on the rear axles . Standard tires fitted to the MTVR are Michelin 1600 R20 XZL and with the exception of the MK36 wrecker variant, no spare is carried. Compensating for no spare
185-423: A wide dynamic range camera, a short wave infrared camera, four situational awareness cameras, 12 short range radar systems (providing 360° close-view) and three long range radar systems. The military grade global navigation satellite system (GNSS) along with map registration software technology ensures the operation of the system without a satellite signal where a global positioning system (GPS) navigation system
222-502: Is a resupply vehicle for the U.S. Marines HIgh Mobility Artillery Rocket System ( HIMARS ). The companion trailer is designated MK38. Oshkosh was awarded a second MTVR multi-year contract (FY05-FY10) in July 2004. This award initially covered only potential Foreign Military Sales (FMS), plus the continuing requirements of the U.S. Navy . Ultimately the U.S. Navy and Marines combined received >2,000 vehicles under this contract. In 2005,
259-455: Is a runflat setting option on the CTIS . CTIS allows the driver to adjust tire pressures to suit both payload and terrain conditions, from the driving seat. The two-piece bolt-together steel wheel rims are fitted with beadlocks for extreme low-pressure operations and tires will remain seated at pressures down to 10 psi. In the event that any one tire should fail totally, a limp-home facility allows for
296-428: Is blocked or denied. The vehicle mounted with TerraMax UGV technology is autonomously controlled by an operator control unit (OCU). It enables the operators to manipulate route information and look out or manage internal operations and status of autonomous systems over tactical data links. The tele-operated OCU shows the necessary information according to the priority and facilitates the fast input of commands to maintain
333-422: Is completed by an Allison HD 4070P seven-speed automatic transmission , TC-541 torque converter and an Oshkosh 30000 Series single-speed transfer case . All-wheel drive is permanent and under highway driving conditions the torque split is 32% front, 68% rear. Oshkosh TAK-4 independent coil spring suspension is fitted to the MTVR, this providing each front wheel with a total vertical travel of 16.0 in and
370-623: Is the equivalent of the U.S. Army 's Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV); the Marines do not use the FMTV (with the exception of the FMTV-based HIMARS) and the Army does not use the MTVR. There were originally four, later seven, MTVR variants, then nine (plus a sub-variant) as deliveries and development continued. A dedicated trailer and prototype/developmental MTVRs have also been produced. The MTVR
407-572: The 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge 132-mile desert course. Unofficial run time was 12 hours and 51 minutes, this outside of the 10-hour limit to qualify for the $ 2 million prize money. The 2005 Team TerraMax consisted of Oshkosh Truck, Rockwell Collins , University of Parma's Artificial Vision and Intelligent Systems Laboratory ( VisLab ) and several financial sponsors. Continuing development of TerraMax technologies, in January 2006 Oshkosh unveiled an unmanned version of its Palletized Load System (PLS) truck at
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#1732858578177444-630: The U.S. Army now believes that the technology for autonomous vehicles may be ready for the field by 2025. At an AUVSI symposium in Arlington, Virginia in October 2015, Dr Paul Rogers, director of the army's Tank Automotive Research Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), said "Autonomous convoy technology for the US army remains about 10 years away, depending on how the acquisition process moves, due to requirements, testing, and budgeting processes." The TerraMax
481-707: The MK31 Medium Equipment Transporter (MET) tractor entered service with Seabees , and later in the year with the Marines. The MK28C is a variant of the MK28. The MK28C (C - chassis) replaced Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) types, these based on a mix of tactical and commercial truck chassis and including: water distributor, 2,000 US gallon ; fuel, 1,500 US gallon; field service; asphalt distributor; earth auger . Interchangeable commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) - or modified COTS - bodies are fitted to MK28C chassis as field circumstances dictate. Also in 2005, Oshkosh
518-611: The MTVR are based on the same 6×6 drive configuration and utilize a chassis constructed using bolted / huck-bolted, formed channel (9.75 × 3 × 0.38 in) made of heat-treated carbon manganese steel with a yield strength of 110,000 psi minimum. The engine is located under a forward fibreglass hood . The cab seats three and is of welded aluminium extrusion construction with adhesive bonded aluminium skins. The cab folds down to reduce overall height to 98 in and from mid-2007, production vehicles are armor-ready and have air-conditioning, revised cab mounts and upgraded cab suspension. With
555-590: The Marines and 538 to the Navy ( Seabees ). The first MTVRs were fielded in July 2001. Three additional variants followed, the MK29, MK30 and MK36. Under a separate contract, Oshkosh commenced production in July 2004 of a further MTVR variant, the MK37. Based on the MK27 and fitted with a rear-mounted Hiab materials handling crane rated at 10,000 lb at 10.5 ft maximum reach, the MK37
592-562: The TerraMax in mid-2003. In the 2004 DARPA Grand Challenge (March 13–14, 2004) Team TerraMax was one of only seven teams to successfully navigate the qualifying course, going on to manage 1.2 miles on the race course before being ‘confronted’ by an impassable bush. The 2004 Team TerraMax consisted of Oshkosh Truck (now Oshkosh Defense), University of Parma 's Artificial Vision and Intelligent Systems Laboratory ( VisLab ), Teledyne Scientific Company , Auburn University , IBEO and Caterpillar . At
629-674: The U.S. Army Tactical Wheeled Vehicle Component Technology Demonstrations in Yuma , Arizona. East. In 2007 Team TerraMax competed in the DARPA Urban Challenge with a 4x4 MTVR. In June 2010, Oshkosh Defense was awarded the U.S. Marine Corps Cargo UGV (CUGV) initiative contract. The contract was awarded by US Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory ( MCWL ) and the Joint Ground Robotics Enterprise Robotics Technology Consortium. The first evaluation for
666-580: The US Army worked on requirements documentation for the introduction of leader-follower technology for the Oshkosh 10×10 PLS logistics and support vehicles, which would be used initially as a driver safety mechanism for functions such as braking. In 2016, TerraMax-equipped vehicles took part in the Autonomous Ground Resupply Programme. Under the programme, the vehicles were expected to demonstrate
703-524: The associated trailers for the MK37 HIMARS resupply variant. Oshkosh promotes the current MTVR armor packages as the MTVR Armor Systems (MAS). The current Standard MAS with Survivability Upgrade (MAS-SU) kit is available for a variety of models. The Reducible Height MAS (MAS-RH) is also available. Installation of armor requires a vehicle front axle and cab suspension mount upgrade, plus a revision to
740-469: The award for the engineering test, verification, validation, and ATEC Safety Release, and will integrate another 60 kits for fiscal year 2019 for OTDs. The OTDs will occur in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. The contract holds an option to procure up to 150 autonomy kits. TerraMax Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) technology is modular and designed to be integrated into any tactical wheeled vehicle. The components of TerraMax are located so as not to impede
777-605: The cab roof gun mount. Air-conditioning is also fitted. From mid-2007 all production MTVRs have been armor ready, these modifications now forming part of the standard vehicle specification. Development of a protection kit for the MTVR commenced in 2003, with the first production contract awarded in 2004 and calling for 920 baseline appliqué APKs for the cab, plus 460 modular armored rear troop carrier compartments. The cab and troop carrier kits, while complementary, are separate units and can be installed as such. A follow-on contract for 930 cab kits and 465 rear troop-carrier compartments
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#1732858578177814-759: The cargo UGV was completed in May 2011 at Fort Pickett . In October 2010 at the Association of the United States Army (AUSA) Annual Meeting and Exposition at the Washington Convention Center , Oshkosh displayed an FMTV Load Handling System (LHS) variant fitted with TerraMax technology. In May 2014 Oshkosh announced that to demonstrate capabilities for route-clearance missions it had integrated its TerraMax unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) technology onto an Oshkosh MRAP All-Terrain Vehicle (M-ATV) . The vehicle
851-471: The carrying of cargo from the point of embarkation to a forward-operating base (FOB) and then to a patrol base. On 27 June 2018, as part of the Expedient Leader Follower ( ExLF) programme, Oshkosh received USD49 million to integrate its autonomous technology onto PLS vehicles. The TARDEC-led programme was awarded through an Other Transaction Authority (OTA) contract and is intended to facilitate
888-436: The carrying of cargo from the point of embarkation to a forward-operating base (FOB) and then to a patrol base. Oshkosh is also involved in a number of other autonomous vehicle projects in conjunction with partners that include TARDEC , Lockheed Martin , Robotic Research, and DCS. In 2016, Oshkosh PLS vehicles took part in the Autonomous Ground Resupply Programme. Under the programme, the vehicles were expected to demonstrate
925-447: The combat requirements of soldiers, while maintaining the utility of the vehicle. The technology is fully incorporated into the brakes, steering, engine and transmission. Fitted vehicles retain the ability to be driver-operated. Fitted vehicles can be operated fully autonomously in any position in a convoy , or semi-autonomously to follow the path of the lead vehicle. The TerraMax UGV package consists of Oshkosh’s Command Zone electronics,
962-461: The exception of the UK's Wheeled Tanker variants, all MTVRs are powered by a Caterpillar C-12, Advanced Diesel Engine Management (ADEM) III 11.9-litre six-cylinder diesel engine that develops 425 hp at 1,800 rpm and 1,550 ft-lb of torque at 1,200 rpm. When the central tire inflation system (CTIS) is set at 0 to 2 tons payload, engine power output is automatically reduced by around 20%. Driveline
999-433: The pace in convoy operations. The screen of OCU displays overhead imagery, automated routes and driving parameters. It gives feedback if it identifies an obstacle to continue, or changes track accordingly. The OCU allows a single operator to control one or more UGVs. The operator can control an UGV with infrequent monitoring of the unit. From an earlier statement that it desired one third of its fleet to be autonomous by 2015,
1036-403: The time, Don Verhoff, Oshkosh's executive vice president of technology explained that: "although design development may continue for years, the idea of a driverless convoy of defense vehicles to deliver supplies to the front line, never jeopardizing the welfare of a single driver, is closer than one might imagine." In October 2005 a second-generation TerraMax was one of five vehicles to complete
1073-609: The transition to an official Program of Record . The programme is expected to last until the end of its contract term in March 2021. In early 2019, a fleet of ten vehicles was outfitted with autonomous technology and subjected to government qualification and safety evaluations. This initial phase was succeeded by the integration of autonomous technology into an additional sixty vehicles, which were then slated for participation in an Operational Technical Demonstration (OTD) in early 2020. Oshkosh began integrating an initial 10 autonomy kits upon
1110-519: Was awarded a contract to re-manufacture an initial 27 MTVRs to new configuration and with a full new vehicle warranty. On 16 May 2008 the 10,000th MTVR was completed. By late 2011 an estimated 11,135 MTVRs had been ordered, that figure including 9,221 for the USMC and 1,855 for the Navy. In FY12 the third (and final) five-year multi-year MTVR contract was awarded to Oshkosh. The final known MTVR delivery order (US$ 67 m for 338 vehicles; 278 Marines, 60 Seabees)
1147-704: Was awarded in 2005. Two further contracts for a total of 293 cab kits were awarded in 2007. Oshkosh announced in August 2008 an initial contract award for height reducible armor kits for MVTRs. Around 2400 height reducible armor kits for MVTRs have been ordered. Additional awards for armor/protection-related upgrades have been made. A small arms fire and mine blast protection kit for the U.K. MoD's MTVR-fronted Wheeled Tanker fleet has been developed and fitted to vehicles used on overseas operations. United States Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center Too Many Requests If you report this error to
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1184-670: Was demonstrated in June 2014 at the Eurosatory defence exhibition in Paris where it was equipped with a mine roller and autonomously navigated a course that simulated military route clearance missions. The company was awarded a contract to evaluate the CUGV as a route clearing UGV, an effort that saw three vehicles working together. The trials took place at Fort A.P. Hill , Virginia , in April 2015. Also in 2015,
1221-564: Was designed and developed by Oshkosh to provide a matching trailer for the MTVR truck. Two prototype MTVR trailers were manufactured and tested between May 2000 and March 2001. In June 2005 the U.S. Marine Corps System Command (MARCORSYSCOM) awarded the Choctaw Manufacturing and Developing Corporation (CMDC) a $ 1.9 million Small Business Sole Source design and development contract for the MTVR Trailer. Oshkosh manufactures and supplies
1258-619: Was designed and is manufactured by Oshkosh Defense . The MTVR has its design origins in two U.S. military programs, the 5 ton Tactical Truck Replacement (5TTR) for the U.S. Army , and the Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement (MTVR) for the U.S. Marines . The aim of these programs was to upgrade and extend the service life of around 3,400 U.S. Army M939 series 5 ton trucks, and 8,100 U.S. Marines M809 and M939 series 5 ton trucks. Prototype and development contracts for both programs were awarded in 1996. The 5TTR program
1295-590: Was featured in Series 19 of BBC Television series Top Gear . It was featured against presenter James May in the Range Rover in an off-road challenge in the Nevada Automotive Test Center, Nevada, USA. Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement The Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement ( MTVR ) is a series of vehicles used by the U.S. Marines . The first MTVRs were delivered in late 1999. The MTVR
1332-628: Was placed in September 2012, and inclusive of this order 11,359 MTVRs were ordered by the US Marines', about 1900 of these for the Navy. Orders under the final contract could be placed until June 2016. In conjunction with Pierce Manufacturing (an Oshkosh Corporation company), Oshkosh developed the MTVR MK23/25-based Hawk Extreme, a wildland firefighting water tender. This product has been sold commercially. All production versions of
1369-566: Was subsequently halted, and the MTVR program evolved from an upgrade to a new-build requirement. Oshkosh was awarded a multi-year MTVR production contract in February 1999. The first vehicles were scheduled for delivery by the end of 1999, and deliveries under the initial contract concluded during August 2005. The award initially allowed for up to 8,168 MTVRs (including options for 2,502) in four variants (MK23, MK25, MK27, MK28) to be ordered over five program years; 6,931 MTVRs were delivered, 6,393 to
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