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66-732: The festival in New Orleans is not related to the Mississippi Delta Tennessee Williams Festival in Clarksdale, Mississippi , which is held annually in October in the childhood hometown of Tennessee Williams. Other festivals around the country also commemorate this writer. The Saints & Sinners LGBTQ+ Literary Festival is coordinated by the Tennessee Williams & New Orleans Literary Festival. Tennessee Williams

132-510: A Washington Post Book of the Year. Brinkley and Johnny Depp were nominated for a Grammy for their co-authoring of the liner notes to the documentary: Gonzo: The Life and Work of Dr. Hunter S. Thompson . He also co-edited with Johnny Depp the long lost novel of Woody Guthrie titled House of Earth . In January 2022, Brinkley compared the 2021 United States Capitol attack to the Holocaust ,

198-610: A historically black college, is located in unincorporated Coahoma County, north of Clarksdale. The city of Clarksdale is served by the Clarksdale Municipal School District . The district has nine schools, including Clarksdale High School , with a total enrollment of 3,600 students. During the 1960s, the Clarksdale gained notoriety for being the first school district in the state of Mississippi to achieve SACS accreditation for both black and white schools, beginning

264-576: A B.A. (1982), and Georgetown University , earning an M.A. (1983) and Ph.D. (1989) in U.S. diplomatic history. He has been on the faculty of Hofstra University , the University of New Orleans , Tulane University , and Rice University . He received an honorary doctorate for his contributions to American letters from Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut. During his time in Georgetown, Brinkley worked as

330-459: A disadvantage in negotiations with white planters, as they were generally illiterate. Planters advanced them supplies and seed at the beginning of the season, allowed them to buy other goods on credit, and settled with them at the end of harvest for a major portion of the crop. Historian Nicholas Lemann writes "segregation strengthened the grip of the sharecropper system by ensuring that most blacks would have no arena of opportunity in life except for

396-471: A female householder with no husband present, and 29.9% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.38. In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.9% under the age of 18, 14.6% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 16.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

462-478: A nearby plantation. Alcorn became a politician, and was elected by the state legislature as US Senator. Later he was elected by voters as governor of the state. Thriving from the cotton trade and associated business, Clarksdale soon earned the title "The Golden Buckle on the Cotton Belt". African-American slaves cultivated and processed cotton, worked as artisans, and cultivated and processed produce and livestock on

528-475: A security force to prevent theft from the plantation. On October 9, 1875, whites in Clarksdale began hearing rumors that "General Peace" was preparing his troops to plunder the town; rumors spread that he was planning to murder the whites. A white militia was formed, and they suppressed Peace's "revolt". Across Mississippi, white militias frequently formed in response to similar fears of armed black revolt. Twentieth-century historian Nicholas Lemann writes: Like

594-564: A separate Museum Board of Directors composed mainly of socially prominent, local white blues fans; and to renovate the adjoining Illinois Central Railroad freight depot, providing a permanent home for the Delta Blues Museum. Several Mississippi Blues Trail markers are located in Clarksdale. One is located on Stovall Road at a cabin believed to have been lived in by McKinley Morganfield, also known as Muddy Waters . Morganfield supposedly lived there from 1915 until 1943, while he worked on

660-519: A single lapidary phrase." Similarly, author Bill Bryson characterized Brinkley as "a minor American academic and sometime critic whose powers of observation and generosity of spirit would fit comfortably into a proton and still leave room for an echo". Brinkley lives in Austin, Texas . He and his wife Anne have three children, Johnny, Benton, and Cassady. He is a member of the Century Association ,

726-718: A tourism locale termed "Blues Alley", after a phrase coined by then Mayor, Henry Espy. The popularity of the Delta Blues Museum and the growth of the Sunflower River Blues & Gospel Festival and Juke Joint Festivals have provided an economic boost to the city. Clarksdale is located on the banks of the Sunflower River in the Mississippi Delta . According to the United States Census Bureau ,

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792-634: Is a history commentator for CNN , Presidential Historian for the New York Historical Society, and a contributing editor to the magazine Vanity Fair . He is a public spokesperson on conservation issues. He joined the faculty of Rice University as a professor of history in 2007. Brinkley joined the board of directors for the National Archives Foundation in 2023. Brinkley was born in Atlanta , Georgia in 1960, but after his father

858-487: Is a university. I know you went to Yuba College and couldn't graduate." Brinkley also noted that Young's comments were made even though Young had not been present during his testimony. Brinkley continued to push back against Young throughout the hearing until the committee chairman threatened to have Brinkley removed. Stephen Ambrose called Brinkley "the best of the new generation of American historians." Brinkley and Ambrose had co-authored three books. Patrick Reardon of

924-529: Is an agricultural and trading center. Many African-American musicians developed the blues here, and took this original American music with them to Chicago and other northern cities during the Great Migration . The Clarksdale Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Coahoma County. It is located in the Mississippi Delta region of Mississippi. In 2023, the Clarksdale, Mississippi Micropolitan area

990-491: Is just one of many historical blues sites in Clarksdale. Early supporters of the effort to preserve Clarksdale's musical legacy included the photographer and journalist Panny Mayfield, Living Blues magazine founder Jim O'Neal , and attorney Walter Thompson, father of sports journalist Wright Thompson . In 1995, Mount Zion Memorial Fund founder Skip Henderson, a vintage guitar dealer from New Brunswick, New Jersey and friend of Delta Blues Museum founder Sid Graves, purchased

1056-535: Is the literary executor for his late friend, the journalist and author Hunter S. Thompson . He is also the editor of a three-volume collection of Thompson's letters. Brinkley is also the authorized biographer for Beat generation author Jack Kerouac , having edited Kerouac's diaries as Windblown World (2004). In 2004, Brinkley released Tour of Duty: John Kerry and the Vietnam War , about U.S. Senator John Kerry 's prior military service and anti-war activism during

1122-537: The Chicago Tribune called Brinkley America's "new past master." In addition, during the 2013 inauguration coverage, CNN referred to him as "a man who knows more about the presidency than just about any human being alive." In contrast, in 2006, historian Wilfred McClay in the New York Sun appraised Brinkley's scholarship as one that has failed to "put forward a single memorable idea, a single original analysis, or

1188-546: The Illinois Central Railroad passenger depot to save it from planned demolition. With the help of local businessman Jon Levingston, as well as the Delta Council, Henderson received a US$ 1.279 million grant from the federal government to restore the passenger depot. These redevelopment funds were then transferred on the advice of Clarksdale's City attorney, Hunter Twiford, to Coahoma County, in order to establish

1254-558: The Red Shirts worked to suppress black voting from 1868 on. By 1875 conservative white Democrats regained control of the state legislature in Mississippi. They later passed Jim Crow laws , including legal segregation of public facilities. A freedman named Bill Peace, who had served in the Union Army and returned to Clarksdale after the war, persuaded his former owner to allow him to form

1320-706: The September 11 attacks , and the Attack on Pearl Harbor . "I think it is like December 7th Pearl Harbor it is like the 9/11 tragedy", said Brinkley. On November 18, 2011, during his testimony before a Congressional hearing on drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge , Brinkley had a heated exchange with Rep. Don Young . Young, who had not been present during Brinkley's testimony, nonetheless characterized it as "garbage" and addressed Brinkley as "Dr. Rice." In response, Brinkley stated, "It's Dr. Brinkley. Rice

1386-668: The Vietnam War . The 2004 documentary movie Going Upriver: The Long War of John Kerry is loosely based on Brinkley's book. Brinkley also wrote the Atlantic Monthly cover story of December 2003 on Kerry. Brinkley's book The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast is a record of the effects of Hurricane Katrina on the Gulf Coast . The book won the 2007 Robert F. Kennedy Book Award and

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1452-487: The desegregation process in its schools. Coahoma Early College High School , a non-district public high school in unincorporated Coahoma County , is located on the campus of Coahoma Community College , approximately 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north of Clarksdale. Coahoma County Junior-Senior High School of the Coahoma County School District is in the city limits of Clarksdale, but does not serve

1518-482: The poverty line , including 46.1% of those under age 18 and 31.4% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census , there were 17,962 people living in the city. 79.0% were African American , 19.5% White , 0.6% Asian , 0.6% Native American , 0.4% of some other race, and 0.5% from two or more races. 0.9% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the 2020 United States Census , there were 14,903 people, 5,847 households, and 3,808 families residing in

1584-427: The 75th Anniversary of A Streetcar Named Desire . Clarksdale, Mississippi Clarksdale is a city in and the county seat of Coahoma County , Mississippi , United States. It is located along the Sunflower River . Clarksdale is named after John Clark, a settler who founded the city in the mid-19th century when he established a timber mill and business. Clarksdale is in the Mississippi Delta region and

1650-711: The Associated Press, "...if you can't tour the United States yourself, the next best thing is to go along with Douglas Brinkley aboard The Majic Bus ." Brinkley worked closely with his mentor, historian Stephen E. Ambrose , then director of the Eisenhower Center for American Studies at the University of New Orleans. Ambrose chose Brinkley to become director of the Eisenhower Center, a post he held for five years before moving to Tulane University . Brinkley's first book

1716-620: The Chakchiuma Trade Trail, which ran northeastward to the former village at present-day Pontotoc, Mississippi . They later improved these trails for roadways wide enough for wagons. Following the removal of the Indians, European-American settlers migrated to the Delta region, where the fertile lowlands soil proved to be excellent for growing cotton after the land was cleared. They brought or purchased thousands of enslaved African Americans to work

1782-414: The Delta region for work. By this time, Clarksdale had also become home to a multi-cultural mixture of Lebanese, Italian, Chinese and Jewish immigrant merchants. By 1920, the price of cotton had fallen, and many blacks living in the Delta began to leave. The Illinois Central Railroad operated a large depot in Clarksdale and provided a Chicago-bound route for those seeking greater economic opportunities in

1848-758: The Humanities , the Historic New Orleans Collection , the National Endowment for the Arts, and the University of New Orleans. The five-day Festival is held on the weekend nearest March 26, the birthday of Tennessee Williams. This is usually the fourth week of March. Festival events are held at several sites in and around the French Quarter. Many of these events are either speakers or discussion panels, featuring experts from literature, theater, film,

1914-478: The New Orleans novelist John Kennedy Toole and other writers from New Orleans . Still, Tennessee Williams remains a primary focus of the Festival. The Festival has published previously unpublished writings and produced premiere performances of newly discovered works. A scholars conference is held every year, and an academic journal, The Tennessee Williams Annual Review , is associated with this conference. Since

1980-521: The arts, history, culture, and other topics. In addition to these panels, there are master classes for aspiring writers, including advice from published writers, literary agents, and editors in the publishing industry. Another highlight during the early festival years was an “I Remember Tennessee” panel. Sharing their memories were Bill Grey, Jack Fricks, Bob Hines, Anna May Maylie, Dan Mosely, Eric Paulsen, and Jere Real. The Festival also hosts musical performances by local musicians . Musical guests over

2046-470: The city and revitalize the local economy, the festival was created was to establish a literary festival dedicated to Williams. The choice to host the festival in New Orleans was to honor the cultural and literary achievements associated with New Orleans, as Williams felt that some of his best work was written while he lived in New Orleans. The first Tennessee Williams Festival was a two-day event held in 1986, drawing an estimated 500 attendees. The topic of

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2112-418: The city declined in population, with rural areas losing residents. The movement of large numbers of people both to and from Clarksdale is prominent in the city's history. Prior to 1920, Delta plantations were in constant need of laborers, and many black families moved to the area to work as sharecroppers. After World War I, plantation owners even encouraged blacks to move from the other parts of Mississippi to

2178-493: The city has a total area of 13.9 square miles (36 km ), of which 13.8 square miles (36 km ) is land and 0.07% is water. U.S. Routes 49 , 61 , and 278 pass through Clarksdale. As of the census of 2000, there were 20,645 people, 7,233 households, and 5,070 families living in the city. The population density was 1,491.8 inhabitants per square mile (576.0/km ). There were 7,757 housing units at an average density of 560.5 per square mile (216.4/km ). The racial makeup of

2244-403: The city was 68.52% African American , 29.95% White , 0.58% Asian , 0.11% Native American , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.22% from other races , and 0.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population. There were 7,233 households, out of which 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.7% were married couples living together, 30.0% had

2310-480: The city. The city is home to three private schools Jimmy Page and Robert Plant named their 1998 album Walking Into Clarksdale as a tribute to the significance that Clarksdale made in the history of the Delta Blues. Douglas Brinkley Douglas Brinkley (born December 14, 1960) is an American author, Katherine Tsanoff Brown Chair in Humanities, and professor of history at Rice University . Brinkley

2376-405: The city. In late 1979, Carnegie Public Library Director Sid Graves began a nascent display series which later became the nucleus of the Delta Blues Museum . Graves single-handedly nurtured the beginnings of the museum in the face of an indifferent community and an often recalcitrant Library Board, at times resorting to storing displays in the trunk of his car when denied space in the library. When

2442-697: The cotton fields" (p. 6). During the Reconstruction Era following the Civil War, Mississippi's blacks and poor whites both benefited from the State's new constitution of 1868, which adopted universal suffrage; repealed property qualifications for suffrage or for office; provided for the state's first public school system; forbade race distinctions in the possession and inheritance of property; and prohibited limiting civil rights in travel. Those gains were short-lived, as insurgent white paramilitary groups such as

2508-492: The defense industry. They developed a rich musical tradition drawing from many strands of music, and influencing jazz and the blues in Chicago. In the early 20th century, Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe began to settle in Mississippi, often working as merchants. From the 1930s to the 1970s, Clarksdale had one of the largest Jewish populations in Mississippi. In the 1930s, they founded Beth Israel Synagogue. However, most left as

2574-516: The disaster of the 2005 Hurricane Katrina . On slightly higher ground, the French Quarter was not among the areas that were flooded during the disaster. The festival continued and grew in popularity until a brief hiatus in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it was resumed virtually in 2021 and then in person in 2022. Principal sponsors of the Festival include the Louisiana Endowment for

2640-610: The establishment of sharecropping, the restoration to power of the all-white Democratic Party in the South was a development of such magnitude to whites that it became encrusted in legend; many towns have their own mythic stories of the redemption of the white South. In Clarksdale, it is the story of the "race riot" of October 9, 1875. After the Reconstruction era and construction in 1879 of the Louisville, New Orleans and Texas Railway through

2706-510: The first festival in 1986, events have included a guided walking tour to 722 Toulouse St. and other French Quarter residences where Williams once lived. Since 1996, the Festival has ended with the popular Stella and Stanley Shouting Contest , a tribute to the third scene from A Streetcar Named Desire . The contest is open to the public and held on the last day of the Festival, usually Sunday afternoon, in Jackson Square . Actors playing

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2772-400: The first literary panel was “New Orleans As A Home For Writers" and Panelists included Fredrick Barton , Christopher Blake , Sheila Bosworth, Everette Maddox , and Christ Wiltz . It was moderated by Ralph Adamo. The festival quickly grew in popularity; it now attracts over 10,000 attendees every year. In March 2006, the festival was the first major event to be held in New Orleans following

2838-458: The first stop on a region-wide tour, where he urged a crowd of 1,000 to "stand in, sit in, and walk by the thousands". National headlines in February 2013 covered the discovery of the body of mayoral candidate Marco McMillian , who was found murdered near the town of Sherard , to the west of his home town of Clarksdale. Because McMillian was openly gay and was badly beaten before his death, there

2904-487: The fledgling museum was accidentally discovered by Billy Gibbons of the rock band ZZ Top through contact with Howard Stovall Jr., the Delta Blues Museum became the subject of national attention as a pet project of the band, and the Museum began to enjoy national recognition. In 1995, the museum, at that time Clarksdale's only attraction, grew to include a large section of the newly renovated library building, but remained under

2970-778: The large Stovall cotton plantation, before moving to Chicago after mistreatment at the hands of a Stovall overseer. Another Blues Trail marker is located at the Riverside Hotel, which provided lodging to blues entertainers passing through the delta. In 2009, a marker devoted to Clarksdale native Sam Cooke was unveiled in front of the New Roxy Theater. Established in 2008, the Clarksdale Walk of Fame are plaques located in downtown which honor notable people from Clarksdale. Honorees include John Lee Hooker , Ike Turner , Muddy Waters , and Sam Cooke. Coahoma Community College ,

3036-499: The largest movement of Americans in U.S. history, and was recounted with Clarksdale triangulated with Chicago and Washington D.C. in Nicholas Lemann's book The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How it Changed America . The History Channel later produced a documentary based on the book, narrated by actor Morgan Freeman , who is also a co-owner of Ground Zero Blues Club . On September 10, 1919, Black veteran L. B. Reed

3102-507: The night manager at Second Story Books in DC. During the early 1990s, Brinkley taught American Arts and Politics for Hofstra aboard the Majic Bus, a roving transcontinental classroom, from which emerged the book The Majic Bus: An American Odyssey (1993). In 1993, he left Hofstra to teach at the University of New Orleans , where he taught the class again using two natural-gas fueled buses. According to

3168-508: The north; it soon became the primary departure point for many. During the 1940s, three events occurred which increased the exodus of African-Americans from Clarksdale. First, it became possible to commercially produce a cotton crop entirely by machine, which lessened the need for a large, low-paid workforce. (Coincidentally, it was on 28 acres of the nearby Hopson Plantation where the International Harvester Company perfected

3234-641: The overwhelming evidence against them, the justice of peace court judge freed the accused perpetrators". On May 29, 1958, Martin Luther King Jr. visited Clarksdale for the first major meeting of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). In 1960, Aaron Henry , a local pharmacist, was named state president of the NAACP, and went on to organize a two-year-long boycott of Clarksdale businesses. In 1962, King again visited Clarksdale on

3300-405: The plantations. They built the wealth of "King Cotton" in the state. U.S. Census data shows Coahoma County, Mississippi 's 1860 population was 1,521 whites and 5,085 slaves. James Alcorn was a major planter, owning 77 slaves according to the 1860 Slave Schedule. Cedar Mound Plantation, located 5 miles south of Clarksdale, was purchased and named in 1834 by Alex Kerr Boyce. He died childless and it

3366-468: The role of Stella and Stanley provoke the contestants from a gallery from one of the Pontalba Buildings . After the first round of tryouts, a second round takes place, where finalists compete for prizes and trophies. The COVID-19 pandemic caused 2020's festival to go on hiatus and in 2021 the festival was fully virtual. In 2022, the festival returned to in-person status with the festival celebrating

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3432-405: The several extensive cotton plantations developed in the county. The first ones were always developed with riverfront access, as the waterways were the chief forms of transportation. John Clark founded the town of Clarksdale in 1848, when he bought land in the area and started a timber business. It became a trading center. Clark married the sister of James Lusk Alcorn , a major planter who owned

3498-498: The single-row mechanical cotton picking machine in 1946; soil was prepared, seeded, picked and bailed entirely by machines, while weeds were eradicated by flame.) Second, many African-American GIs (soldiers) returned from World War II to find slim opportunities for employment in the Delta region. Finally, there appeared an accelerated climate of racial hatred, as evidenced by the violence against such figures as NAACP representative Aaron Henry . "The Great Migration" north became

3564-622: The tight control of the Carnegie Library Board, who subsequently fired Sid Graves, at the time seriously ill. Graves died in Hattiesburg, Mississippi , in January 2005. In an interim move from the renovated Library building, the Museum spent most of 1996 in a converted retail storefront on Delta Avenue under the direction of a politically connected Wisconsin native, the late Ron Gorsegner. In 1997–1998, Coahoma County finally provided funds to form

3630-410: The town, Clarksdale was incorporated in 1882. In 1886, the town's streets were laid out; it was not until 1913 that any were paved. African Americans composed most of the farm labor in the county into the 1940s, when increasing mechanization reduced the need for field workers. Thousands of blacks left Mississippi in the Great Migration to Chicago , St. Louis , and later, West Coast cities to work in

3696-1115: The years have included artists such as Vernel Bagneris , Danny Barker , Spencer Bohren , Tom Sancton , Butch Thompson , Allen Toussaint , and Dr. Michael White . Past speakers have included prominent authors and playwrights such as Edward Albee , Robert Olen Butler , Richard Ford , Michael Cunningham , Phillip Caputo , Rick Bragg , and Yusef Komunyakaa . Other speakers have included writers Anne Rice , Cokie Roberts , Michael Cunningham , John Waters , Nora Roberts , Stephen E. Ambrose , Douglas Brinkley , James Carville , Andrei Codrescu , Sue Grafton , Margaret Atwood , Larry Brown , Margaret Walker , Fannie Flagg , Allen Gilchrist , Kaye Gibbons , Dorothy Allison , Barry Gifford , Rex Reed , Peggy Scott Laborde , and Errol Laborde , as well as actors Patricia Clarkson , Stephanie Zimbalist , Alec Baldwin , John Goodman , W. Kenneth Holditch , Tab Hunter , Dixie Carter , Gerald McRaney , Elizabeth Ashley , Anne Jackson , Eli Wallach , and Kim Hunter . Tennessee Williams's brother, Dakin Williams,

3762-511: Was Jean Monnet : The Path to European Unity (1992). His second was Dean Acheson : The Cold War Years (1992). He then co-edited a monograph series with Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. and William vanden Heuvel in the 1990s. Brinkley also edited a volume on Dean Acheson and the Making of US Foreign Policy with Paul H. Nitze (1993). In 1999, he published The Unfinished Presidency about Jimmy Carter 's active and influential post-presidency. Brinkley

3828-418: Was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was US$ 20,188, and the median income for a family was US$ 22,592. Males had a median income of US$ 23,881 versus US$ 18,918 for females. The per capita income for the city was US$ 11,611. About 32.7% of families and 39.2% of the population were below

3894-574: Was a Los Angeles Times Book Prize finalist. He also served as the primary historian for Spike Lee's documentary about Hurricane Katrina, When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts . Critic Nancy Franklin in The New Yorker noted that Brinkley made up a "large part" of the film's "conscience." Brinkley's biography of Walter Cronkite , Cronkite was published in 2012. It was also selected as

3960-561: Was a frequent guest at the Festival until his death in 2008. Another major feature of the Festival is its theatrical productions, including productions of full-length plays and one-act plays by Tennessee Williams, as well as works by other writers. In 1992, the Festival began hosting a one-act play contest. The winning plays are premiered at the Festival, and have become one of the Festival's most anticipated events. The Festival also sponsors poetry and short fiction contests. The Festival highlights other contemporary Southern artists , such as

4026-575: Was added to form the new Memphis-Clarksdale-Forrest City Combined Statistical Area. The Memphis-Clarksdale-Forrest City Combined Statistical Area has around 1.4 million people. The western boundary of the county is formed by the Mississippi River . European Americans developed Clarksdale at the intersection of two former Indian routes: the Lower Creek Trade Path, which extended westward from present-day Augusta, Georgia , to New Mexico; and

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4092-466: Was inherited by his niece Mrs. Catherine (Kate) (née Henderson) Adams of South Carolina . She divided it among her unmarried children: Jennie, Will, and Lucia Adams. The sisters' correspondence (1845-1944) is held in a collection in their name at the University of Mississippi. After slavery was abolished, many black families labored as sharecroppers or tenant farmers. They gained some independence, no longer working in gangs of laborers, but were often at

4158-531: Was lynched as part of the Red Summer of 1919 . Clarksdale played a very important role in the civil rights movement in Mississippi. The starting point for a civil rights movement in Clarksdale was the rape at gunpoint of two African-American women, Leola Tates and Erline Mills, in August 1951. The two white teenagers they said assaulted them, who admitted the event but said it was consensual, were arrested, but "despite

4224-461: Was not native to New Orleans, but he lived in New Orleans's French Quarter at several points in his adult life. Two of his major plays, A Streetcar Named Desire and Vieux Carré , and several short stories were set in the historic French Quarter. Shortly after Williams's death in 1983, the city of New Orleans happened to undergo an economic recession. Among the proposals to attract tourists to

4290-525: Was speculation that his murder qualified to be classified as a hate crime . Lawrence Reed, an acquaintance of McMillian, was charged, tried, and found guilty of the murder in April 2015. Clarksdale has been historically significant in the history of the blues . The Mississippi Blues Trail places interpretative markers for historic sites such as Clarksdale's Riverside Hotel , where Bessie Smith died following an auto accident on Highway 61 . The Riverside Hotel

4356-606: Was transferred to the Toledo, Ohio headquarters of Owens-Illinois in 1969, did his remaining elementary and secondary schooling in Perrysburg , Ohio . His mother was a high school English teacher. In fourth grade Doug memorized the Presidents, their vice presidents, as well as the opposing presidential and vice presidential candidates. Brinkley was educated at Perrysburg High School , followed by Ohio State University , from which he earned

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