25-633: Tendring District is a local government district in north-east Essex , England . Its council is based in Clacton-on-Sea , the largest town. Other towns are Brightlingsea , Harwich , Frinton-on-Sea and Walton-on-the-Naze . The district borders the City of Colchester to the west and the Babergh District of Suffolk , across the estuary of the River Stour , to the north. To the east and south, it faces
50-511: A peculiar jurisdiction or soke . The first indication of subdivision into three dependent manors comes in 1150. The Chapter retained the area until 1544, when it was exchanged with the Crown for other estates. In 1551 the manorial rights were granted by the young Edward VI to Thomas Darcy, Baron Darcy of Chiche . The manor descended with the Barons Darcy and earls of Rochford, until being sold by
75-576: A two-tier arrangement. Non-metropolitan districts with borough status are known as boroughs , able to appoint a mayor and refer to itself as a borough council. Some shire counties now have no sub divisions so are a single Non-metropolitan district such as Cornwall. Typically a district will consist of a market town and its more rural hinterland. However districts are diverse with some being mostly urban such as Dartford, and others more polycentric such as Thurrock. Non-metropolitan districts are subdivisions of English non-metropolitan counties which have
100-461: A two-tier structure of local government. Two-tier non-metropolitan counties have a county council and several districts, each with a borough or district council. In these cases local government functions are divided between county and district councils, to the level where they can be practised most efficiently: Many districts have borough status , which means the local council is called a borough council instead of district council and gives them
125-558: A unitary authority or those that transferred from one county to another, including those that changed name. Nor does it include unitary authorities that have been abolished ( Bournemouth and Poole ). The Sokens The Sokens is a name often used to describe the area containing the traditional parishes of Thorpe , Kirby and Walton , which now lie in Tendring district in the Naze area of northeast Essex . The significance of this grouping
150-460: Is due in 2027. The council has its main offices and meeting place at Clacton Town Hall on Station Road. The building had been built for the former Clacton Urban District Council in 1931. The highest part of the district is a low (115'; 35 metres) ridge running west to east only 2 miles (3 km) south of the River Stour. The greater part of the district is undulating land sloping very gently to
175-490: Is now mostly historical. The name 'Soken' is derived from the Saxon 'soc' or 'soca', signifying immunity, peculiar privileges and jurisdiction. It refers in particular to the power to administer justice within itself, and likewise the circuit within which such power was exercised. Among others was the claim that no bailiff except the lord's bailiff could arrest any person within the parish. Thorpe, Kirby and Walton once made up
200-584: The District Councils' Network , special interest group which sits within the Local Government Association . The network's purpose is to "act as an informed and representative advocate for districts to government and other national bodies, based on their unique position to deliver for local people." This is a list of two-tier non-metropolitan counties and their districts. All unitary authorities are also non-metropolitan districts, which, with
225-628: The North Sea , with the estuary of the River Colne to the south-west. The area is sometimes referred to as the Tendring Peninsula . The modern local government district was formed in 1974. The name Tendring comes from the ancient Tendring Hundred which was named after the small village of Tendring . The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 , covering
250-563: The fourth earl to Richard Rigby in 1775 to pay debts. Since then, the rights have been sold numerous times. The Sokens formed a peculiar jurisdiction within the Church of England , with its own ecclesiastical court under the responsibility of a commissary appointed by the lord of the manor. This court dealt with a range of matters that has lessened over time. In earlier years it would have included dealing with disciplinary offences such as adultery, fornication and drunkenness. In later years it
275-546: The ancient manor of Adulvesnasa. This name probably refers to the promontory or Naze where Walton now lies, and may denote a former landowner. The Domesday Book states that, in 1066, the manor was owned by the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's in London , and was assessed at 27 hides . It may have been granted to them by King Athelstan . The manor was held directly of the King, forming
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#1732856096014300-449: The areas for Wales and England had been enacted separately and there were no Welsh metropolitan areas, the term 'non-metropolitan district' does not apply to Wales. A similar system existed in Scotland , which in 1975 was divided into regions and districts, this was also abolished in 1996 and replaced with a fully unitary system . In England most of the district councils are represented by
325-662: The composition of the council was: Of the independent councillors, eleven sit with the Tendring First councillor as the "Tendring Independents" group, five sit as the "Independent Group", three form the "Tendring Residents' Alliance" and two do not belong to any group. The council's administration is a coalition of the Tendring Independents, the Independent Group, Labour and the Liberal Democrats. The next election
350-460: The district is also covered by civil parishes , which form a third tier of local government. The council has been under no overall control since the 2023 election , being led by a coalition of independent councillors , Labour and the Liberal Democrats . The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until
375-496: The district. The former Clacton Urban District is an unparished area . The parish councils of Brightlingsea, Frinton and Walton, Harwich, and Manningtree take the style "town council". Non-metropolitan district Non-metropolitan districts , or colloquially " shire districts ", are a type of local government district in England. As created, they are sub-divisions of non-metropolitan counties (colloquially shire counties ) in
400-487: The exception of those of Berkshire , are coterminous with non-metropolitan counties. For a full list of districts of all types including unitary authorities, metropolitan districts and London boroughs , see Districts of England . This is a list of former two-tier districts in England which have been abolished, by local government reorganisations such as the 2009 structural changes to local government in England . It does not include districts that still exist after becoming
425-520: The new arrangements came into effect on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council since 1974 has been as follows: The leaders of the council since 2009 have been: Since the last boundary changes in 2019 there have been 48 councillors representing 32 wards , with each ward electing one, two or three councillors. Elections are held every four years. Following the 2023 election , a by-election in January 2024 and changes of allegiance up to June 2024,
450-565: The right to appoint a mayor . Borough status is granted by royal charter and, in many cases, continues a style enjoyed by a predecessor authority, which can date back centuries. Some districts such as Oxford or Exeter have city status , granted by letters patent , but this does not give the local council any extra powers other than the right to call itself a city council . By 1899, England had been divided at district level into rural districts , urban districts , municipal boroughs , county boroughs and metropolitan boroughs . This system
475-475: The same area as the present district. During the English Civil War , the self-appointed Witchfinder General Matthew Hopkins carried out many trials throughout this and the surrounding area, especially in the town of Manningtree and village of Mistley on the River Stour. Tendring District Council provides district-level services. County-level services are provided by Essex County Council . Much of
500-555: The south which is traversed by a number of streams. In the extreme east of the district is an area formerly known as the Soken which was granted special privileges in Saxon times. It is remembered in the place names Kirby-le-Soken, Thorpe-le-Soken and Walton-le-Soken (an older name for Walton-on-the-Naze). Tendring district contains the most deprived part of England, in the Jaywick area. This area
525-526: The two-tier structure, but reforms in the 1990s and 2009 reduced their number to 192. A further 55 non-metropolitan districts are now unitary authorities, which combine the functions of county and borough/district councils. In Wales , an almost identical two-tier system of local government existed between 1974 and 1996 (see Districts of Wales ). In 1996, this was abolished and replaced with an entirely unitary system of local government, with one level of local government responsible for all local services. Since
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#1732856096014550-481: The whole area of five former districts, which were all abolished at the same time: The new district was named Tendring after the ancient Tendring Hundred , which was in turn named after the small village of Tendring at the centre of the area. The 1086 Domesday Book records the name as Tenderinga and in 1242 the Pipe Rolls mention it as Terring . The Tendring Poor Law Union , established in 1835, had covered
575-611: Was abolished by the London Government Act 1963 and the Local Government Act 1972 . Non-metropolitan districts were created by this act in 1974 when England outside Greater London was divided into metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan counties. Metropolitan counties were sub-divided into metropolitan districts and the non-metropolitan counties were sub-divided into non-metropolitan districts. The metropolitan districts had more powers than their non-metropolitan counterparts. Initially, there were 296 non-metropolitan districts in
600-568: Was limited to more administrative matters such as the proving of wills and granting of marriage licences. (In neighbouring parishes, this business would have been conducted in the court of the Archdeacon of Colchester .) Much of the soken court's business was taken away by the Probate and Matrimonial Causes acts of 1857. From the 16th century onwards, the court generally sat in Thorpe church. The last session
625-554: Was ranked as the most deprived are in the government's indices of deprivation in 2010, 2015 and 2019 (being the most recent survey as at 2022). In terms of television, the district is served by BBC East and ITV Anglia with television signals received from the Sudbury TV transmitter. Radio stations for the area are: Local newspapers are the Colchester Gazette and Essex County Standard . There are 27 civil parishes in
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