Misplaced Pages

#584415

77-513: (Redirected from Tenderloin District ) Tenderloin District may refer to: Tenderloin, Manhattan Tenderloin, San Francisco See also [ edit ] Tenderloin (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

154-468: A pocket park in a traffic island at the southeast corner of Union Square, which was completed in 2000. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, Union Square became a primary public gathering point for mourners. People created spontaneous candle and photograph memorials in the park and vigils were held to honor the victims. At the time, non-emergency vehicles were temporarily banned and pedestrian travel

231-530: A concert plaza with a bandstand at the park's northern end. There were also plans to relocate the Washington statue to Washington Square Park , although this proposal was opposed. Although the city decided to keep the Washington statue in Union Square Park, the statue was relocated to the southeast corner to make way for a flagpole honoring former Tammany Hall leader Charles F. Murphy . Landscaping of

308-477: A concert saloon where inebriated customers could watch the can-can being performed; the Haymarket, a dance hall on Sixth below 30th Street, where rich clients could dance with prostitutes, but not too closely, although they could take them into curtained-off galleries to have discreet sex, and sex exhibitions were on display in the balconies; West 29th Street, which featured an almost uninterrupted row of brothels; and

385-461: A gathering point for many of the city's socialist and communist groups. The centennial of Union Square was seen as a thinly veiled effort to displace those elements with its draping of the square with flags and police demonstrations of anti protester drills. The Villager , a local newspaper, reported in 2013 that most of the street chess players at Washington Square Park —where Bobby Fischer had played—had moved their games to Union Square because

462-457: A large equestrian statue of U.S. President George Washington , modeled by Henry Kirke Brown and unveiled in 1856. Located at the south end of the park, it was the first public sculpture erected in New York City since the equestrian statue of George III in 1770, and the first American equestrian sculpture cast in bronze. The Marquis de Lafayette , at Union Square East and 16th Street,

539-487: A residential neighborhood on West 25th Street, inviting their upper class customers with engraved invitations. On some nights only gentlemen in formal evening dress were allowed to attend, and the girls of these houses were as socially adept as they were sexually; on Christmas Eve profits were given to charity. Other well-known venues in the Tenderloin included Koster and Bial's Music Hall at Sixth Avenue and 23rd Street,

616-543: A wall sculpture and digital clock titled Metronome . Union Square Park also contains an assortment of art, including statues of George Washington , Marquis de Lafayette , Abraham Lincoln , and Mahatma Gandhi . Union Square is part of Manhattan Community District 5 and its primary ZIP Code is 10003. It is patrolled by the 13th Precinct of the New York City Police Department . The New York City Subway 's 14th Street–Union Square station , served by

693-468: Is a historic intersection and surrounding neighborhood in Manhattan , New York City, United States, located where Broadway and the former Bowery Road  – now Fourth Avenue  – came together in the early 19th century. Its name denotes that "here was the union of the two principal thoroughfares of the island". The current Union Square Park is bounded by 14th Street on the south, 17th Street on

770-565: Is a melancholy monument to a once-thriving commercial district." In 1982, a $ 1.5 million refurbishment of Union Square Park was announced. At the time, the park was frequented by drug users because of its tall hedges, and many of the benches, lights, and statues had been vandalized. The first phase of the renovation, which cost $ 3.6 million, was completed in May 1985. The renovations included removing hedges, increasing lighting, and erecting new subway entrances. The renovation of Union Square, along with

847-606: Is now NoMad , Chelsea , Hell's Kitchen , the Garment District and the Theater District . New York Police Department Captain Alexander S. "Clubber" Williams gave the area its nickname in 1876, when he was transferred to a police precinct in the heart of this district. Referring to the increased number of bribes he would receive for police protection of both legitimate and illegitimate businesses there – especially

SECTION 10

#1732844369585

924-596: Is now SoHo , called at the time "Hells' Hundred Acres", but as the city grew steadily northward, the theater district along Broadway and the Bowery moved uptown as well, as did the legitimate and illegitimate businesses that were usually connected with show business. For some time, the city's "Rialto" theater district centered on Union Square and 14th Street , but the Fifth Avenue Hotel broke new ground when it opened at 23rd Street and Fifth Avenue in 1859, beginning

1001-404: Is the site of a regular hip-hop freestyle rap cypher called Legendary Cyphers since 2012. The events draw residents from across the city and tourists and encourage participation in freestyle hip-hop. Notable local hip-hop artists such as Joey Bada$ $ have attended in the past. The Union Square Partnership (USP), a business improvement district (BID) and a local development corporation (LDC),

1078-468: The 4 , ​ 5 , ​ 6 , <6> ​, L ​, N , ​ Q , ​ R , and ​ W trains, is located under Union Square. Prior to the area's settlement, the area around present-day Union Square was farmland. The western part of the site was owned by Elias Brevoort, who later sold his land to John Smith in 1762; by 1788 it had been sold again to Henry Spingler (or Springler). On

1155-677: The Board of Aldermen to enclose and grade the square, then sold most of his leases and in 1839 built a four-story house facing the east side of the Square. The park at Union Square was completed and opened in July 1839. A fountain was built in the center of Union Square to receive water from the Croton Aqueduct , completed in October 1842. In 1845, as the square finally began to fill with affluent houses, $ 116,000

1232-481: The Bowery at an acute angle. Because it would have been difficult to develop buildings upon this angle, the Commissioners decided to form a square at the union. In 1815, by act of the state legislature, this former potter's field became a public commons for the city, at first named Union Place. Union Place originally was supposed to extend from 10th to 17th Streets. Several city officials objected that Union Place

1309-577: The Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company 's Broadway Line , under the park in 1913. The station was built using an open cut method, and a 120-foot-wide (37 m) strip of land, running diagonally through Union Square Park, was closed and excavated. By late 1913, large portions of Union Square Park had been demolished as part of the construction of the Broadway Line's Union Square station. New York City's parks commissioner promised members of

1386-504: The Flatiron District to the north, Chelsea to the west, Greenwich Village to the southwest, East Village to the southeast, and Gramercy Park to the east. Many buildings of The New School are near the square, as are several dormitories of New York University . The eastern side of the square is dominated by the four Zeckendorf Towers , and the south side by the full-square-block mixed-use One Union Square South, which contains

1463-604: The George Floyd protests in New York City in 2020. The Square's shopping district saw strikes in the S. Klein and Ohrbach department stores in 1934. White collar workers were among the worst paid in Great Depression -era New York City, with union memberships being highly discouraged by store managers and often seen as fireable offenses. These strikes often involved acts of disobedience by the workers as many of them did not want to lose their jobs. This period saw Union Square as

1540-551: The Germania Life Insurance Company Building , erected at the northeast corner of the same intersection in 1910–1911; and the Consolidated Edison Building , constructed three blocks south at 14th Street between 1910 and 1914. Existing houses were also converted into stores, including a pair of merchants' houses on the east side of the park at 16th Street in 1916. During this era, many of

1617-482: The Hyatt Union Square New York hotel is located at the park's southeast corner, in a former post office. The park has historically been the start or the end point for many political demonstrations. Although the park was known for its labor union rallies and for the large 1861 gathering in support of Union troops, it was actually named for its location at the "union" of Bloomingdale Road (now Broadway) and

SECTION 20

#1732844369585

1694-521: The New York City Subway 's 14th Street–Union Square station having opened in 1904. With the northward relocation of the theater district, Union Square also became a major wholesaling district with several loft buildings, as well as numerous office buildings. The office structures included the Everett Building , erected at the northwest corner of Park Avenue South and 17th Street in 1908;

1771-568: The Post Office and with the support of the New York Chamber of Commerce and leading citizens such as J. P. Morgan . Comstock's crusade knew no boundaries – he was as likely to target "smut" in the public libraries as he was sex-for-hire in the Tenderloin – but along with Rev. Talmage, he was able to get state legislation passed banning pool halls , even though they continued to operate openly. Aside from its commercial activities,

1848-460: The 1920s, with "burlesque houses, shooting galleries, and shoddy businesses" lining the square. Throughout the decade, most buildings on the eastern part of the square were purchased by department stores S. Klein and Ohrbach's . Real estate activity resumed in the late 1920s, and according to a 1928 piece in The New York Times , “several smaller operations are planned or are under way in

1925-574: The Environment of New York City (now GrowNYC) established the Greenmarket program, which provided regional small-family farmers with opportunities to sell their fruits, vegetables and other farm products at open-air markets in the city. There were originally seven farmers at the first Greenmarket, and their selection sold out by noon. That summer, two more markets opened in New York City. Despite some backlash from local merchants and supermarkets who believed

2002-536: The Everett House hotel facing the north side of the square, for the capitol of the government-in-exile they declared. On September 5, 1882, in the first Labor Day celebration, a crowd of at least 10,000 workers paraded up Broadway and filed past the reviewing stand at Union Square. On March 28, 1908, an anarchist set off a bomb in Union Square which only killed himself and another man. In 1893, Emma Goldman took

2079-612: The Greenmarket was cutting into their profits, more markets opened in the city. Today, the Union Square Greenmarket, the best known of the markets, is held year-round on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays between 8 am and 6 pm. The market is served by a number of regional farmers, as the average distance between farmers and the market is 90 miles (140 km). During peak seasons, the Greenmarket serves more than 250,000 customers per week, who purchase more than one thousand varieties of fruits and vegetables can be found at

2156-589: The Greenmarket; and the variety of produce available is much broader than what is found in a conventional supermarket. Union Square hosts the Union Square Holiday Market every November and December, in which more than 150 vendors sell handcrafts. Around two million people visit the Holiday Market annually. Starting in 2024, UrbanSpace also hosted the Night Market food market in Union Square during

2233-527: The James Fountain, is a Temperance fountain with the figure of Charity who empties her jug of water, aided by a child. It was donated by Daniel Willis James and sculpted by Adolf Donndorf . The Charles F. Murphy Memorial Flagpole, also known as the Independence Flagstaff , was cast in 1926 and dedicated in 1930 to mark the 150th anniversary of U.S. independence. It is located in the center of

2310-466: The Tenderloin was also the home neighborhood for a large part of Manhattan's African American population, especially in the downtown and western portion of the district: Seventh Avenue within the Tenderloin, in fact, became known as the "African Broadway". This was a neighborhood of Blacks with middle class aspirations. In August 1900, an undercover police officer attempted to arrest a Black woman for soliciting . The woman's boyfriend intervened and

2387-586: The Union Square Rialto was the Academy of Music , which opened at Irving Place in 1854. The theater district gradually relocated northward, into less expensive and undeveloped uptown neighborhoods, and eventually into the current Theater District . Before the Civil War , theatres in New York City were primarily located along Broadway and the Bowery up to 14th Street , with those on Broadway appealing more to

Tenderloin district - Misplaced Pages Continue

2464-519: The century several big-box chain stores established a presence, including Barnes & Noble in the Century Building , Babies "R" Us in the former United States Communist Party headquarters, and Staples in the Spingler Building . The W New York Union Square , part of the W Hotels chain, is located at the park's northeast corner, in the former Guardian Life building. Additionally,

2541-570: The city from renovating the pavilion. In early 2009, a judge dismissed the lawsuit against the renovation, allowing a seasonal restaurant in the pavilion. CMS Architecture and Design was hired in 2011 to design the restaurant in the pavilion. The Pavilion restaurant opened in Union Square Park in May 2014, following years of disputes. In 2021, the Union Square Partnership proposed spending $ 100 million to overhaul Union Square. The plan entailed closing off adjacent streets to increase

2618-480: The city to rename the area "Union Square". In doing so, Ruggles also got the city to enlarge the commons to 17th Street on the north and extend the axis of University Place to form the square's west side, thus turning the common from a triangular to a rectangular area. By 1832, the area had been renamed Union Square. Ruggles obtained a fifty-year lease on most of the surrounding lots from 15th to 19th Streets, where he built sidewalks and curbs. In 1834, he convinced

2695-471: The construction of the Zeckendorf Towers, caused real-estate values in the area to increase. By 1987, there were plans to close off two blocks of the little-used Union Square West to make way for an expansion of the park. This plan was not carried out at the time due to a lack of funds. When the idea of closing Union Square West was again proposed in 1996, local business owners opposed the proposal because

2772-623: The eastern part of the land were farms owned by John Watts and Cornelius Williams . The northwestern corner of the park site contained 1 acre (0.40 ha) of land owned by the Manhattan Bank, which supposedly was a "refuge" for businesses during New York City's yellow fever epidemics. When John Randel was surveying the island in preparation for the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 , the Bloomingdale Road (now Broadway ) angled away from

2849-456: The end of the century, a thriving theatrical neighborhood, which would soon nonetheless migrate uptown to what became known as " Broadway " as the Rialto became subsumed into the more vice-oriented Tenderloin entertainment district. By the first decade of the 20th century, Union Square had grown into a major transportation hub with several elevated and surface railroad lines running nearby, and

2926-486: The expansion of the Union Square Rialto to 23rd Street and Madison Square . By the 1870s, the Fifth Avenue Hotel had many competitors in the area, and where the hotels were, the prostitutes followed. By the 1880s, the Tenderloin encompassed the largest number of nightclubs , saloons , bordellos , gambling casinos , dance halls , and " clip joints " in New York City, to the extent that one estimate made in 1885

3003-510: The financial relationship between the police and the criminals, but the area was too large, and the pickings too easy, for street crime to be managed completely. In 1906, William McAdoo , who was the city's Police Commissioner in 1904 and 1905, wrote that the "Tenderloin [police] precinct, as every one knows, is the most important precinct in New York, if not in the United States, or probably in

3080-639: The former Bowery Road decades before these gatherings. On April 20, 1861, soon after the fall of Fort Sumter , Major Robert Anderson , who was the commander of Fort Sumter brought the Fort Sumter Flag that flew at the fort to the park. The flag was flown from the George Washington statue, gathering patriotic rally of perhaps a quarter of a million people that is thought to have been the largest public gathering in North America up to that time. The flag

3157-410: The hunt. From Twenty-third street to Forty-second, and back again, and you have gone down The Line. Sometimes it costs you nothing for this innocent little amusement; this feast of the eyes; and then again it is liable to cost you a great deal. It all depends on who you are, and what you are and how easy you are. And there you are. Union Square, Manhattan#Rialto, Manhattan Union Square

Tenderloin district - Misplaced Pages Continue

3234-482: The latest crusade was over. The net effect of these "shake-ups" or "shake-downs" was simply to drive up the cost of protection afterwards, making Williams even richer – he retired a millionaire – and putting more money into the pockets of Tammany Hall , which was deeply entwined in the graft and corruption connected with the district. Frustration at this state of affairs led to Anthony Comstock 's anti-vice crusade, which operated with Federal authority from

3311-689: The latter had more foot traffic. Street chess players play fast chess with passers-by for three to five dollars a game, with time controls of five minutes on each side being the most common. Writer Lauren Snetiker at the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation also documents this migration of the historical Washington Square Park chess scene to Union Square, noting the "dozens of chess players [who] sit on crates and bring their own boards... as there are no permanent ones like there are in Washington Square Park". Union Square

3388-408: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tenderloin_district&oldid=877992759 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tenderloin, Manhattan The Tenderloin

3465-407: The many brothels – Williams said, "I've been having chuck steak ever since I've been on the force, and now I'm going to have a bit of tenderloin ." The name became a generic term for a red-light district in an American city; San Francisco is among the other cities with a well-known " Tenderloin District ". Early in the 19th century, the major vice district had been located in what

3542-572: The many gambling dens run by John Daly or the Madison Square Club of Richard A. Canfield on West 26th Street. The "Main Street" of the district was Broadway between 23rd and 42nd Streets, which was known as "The Line". In the mid-1890s, after the advent of electric lighting, the stretch of Broadway from 23rd Street to 34th Street came to be called " The Great White Way " because of the numerous illuminated advertising signs there. This moniker

3619-519: The middle and upper classes and the Bowery theatres attracting immigrant audiences, clerks and the working class. After the war, the development of the Ladies' Mile shopping district along Fifth and Sixth Avenues above 14th Street had the effect of pulling the playhouses uptown, so that a "Rialto" theatrical strip came about on Broadway between 14th and 23rd Streets, between Union Square and Madison Square . At

3696-483: The neighborhood". By then, at least eight banks had opened locations on the western and eastern sides of the park. City officials announced in 1910 that they would install a firefighters' memorial near the northern end of the park. The same year, there was a failed proposal to construct a courthouse within the park. As part of the Dual Contracts , workers began constructing the 14th Street–Union Square station , on

3773-487: The neighborhood's largest retailers, such as Ohrbach's and Hearn's, had relocated by the 1950s, and the area began to decline. One of the last major retailers on Union Square, S. Klein , closed in 1975. The S. Klein site remained vacant until 1983, when William Zeckendorf leased the site for the Zeckendorf Towers development. The New York Times wrote at the time, "The former S. Klein store, boarded up since 1975,

3850-404: The new theatres. The new system also needed an organized way to engage actors for these one-off productions, so talent brokers and theatrical agents sprang up, as did theatrical boardinghouses, stage photographers, publicity agencies, theatrical printers and play publishers. Along with the hotels and restaurants which serviced the theatregoers and shoppers of the area, the Union Square Rialto was, by

3927-487: The north, and Union Square West and Union Square East to the west and east respectively. 17th Street links together Broadway and Park Avenue South on the north end of the park, while Union Square East connects Park Avenue South to Fourth Avenue and the continuation of Broadway on the park's south side. The park is maintained by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation . Adjacent neighborhoods are

SECTION 50

#1732844369585

4004-493: The officer struck him with a club. He then stabbed the officer with a penknife , and ran away. The officer died. At the officer's funeral, police and white gangs attacked African Americans, and burned their property while other police officers looked on. In defense, Black citizens armed themselves and formed the Citizens’ Protective League. Their appeals for justice to Mayor Robert A. Van Wyck went unanswered, and

4081-440: The older homes on Union Square were converted into tenements for immigrants and industrial workers. Numerous artists relocated into the attics of the remaining mansions along 14th Street, where they had their studios. The 1939 WPA Guide to New York City said that by the 1920s, the "south side of Fourteenth Street became virtually an ex-tension of Greenwich Village ". Further, real estate values around Union Square had declined by

4158-409: The park had become extremely popular, causing vehicular traffic in the neighborhood to increase significantly. Union Square was named a National Historic Landmark in 1997, primarily to honor it as the site of the first Labor Day parade. Mayor Rudy Giuliani announced plans in early 1998 to spend $ 2.6 million on expanding the park, following advocacy from area residents. The expansion consisted of

4235-474: The park was delayed by the construction of the subway mezzanine below it. The park's renovation was nearly completed by mid-1931; the last construction contract, for the bandstand, was awarded that August. After building the bandstand, the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation could not afford to landscape the park. As a result, civic groups started landscaping the park for free in June 1932. Most of

4312-466: The park's size by 33%, as well as adding benches and lighting, improving restrooms, and refurbishing a dog run in the park itself. There are several notable buildings surrounding Union Square. Clockwise from southwest, they are: In addition, the Consolidated Edison Building is located one block east of the Zeckendorf Towers. The Century Association clubhouse is located on 15th Street between Irving Place and Union Square East. Union Square contains

4389-554: The park. In October 2023, an outdoor version of the sculpture N.Y.C. Legend by the Swedish artist Alexander Klingspor , featuring a New York sewer alligator , was unveiled in the square by Queen Silvia of Sweden . A double line of trees is planted along 17th Street, and a corresponding plaque installed nearby, as a monument to victims of the Armenian genocide . In 1976, the Council on

4466-552: The park. A group of sculptors approved his proposal the same month. In 1927, the Municipal Art Society approved plans for a renovation of the park, which was to include a covered parking area at the north end of the park. To make way for a further expansion of the Union Square subway station, the park was raised by about 3 feet (0.91 m) as part of a renovation during the late 1920s. The plans, announced in June 1929, also included relocating several statues and building

4543-412: The public that the park would be remodeled after the station was finished. The station had been completed by early 1916, and workers began restoring the section of Union Square Park above the 14th Street station. The city's park commissioner Francis D. Gallatin proposed relocating the park's Washington , Lincoln , and Lafayette statues in 1922 to bring the Washington statue closer to the center of

4620-487: The purpose by Henry G. Marquand at the corner of 17th Street and Broadway. After the Civil War the neighborhood became largely commercial, and the square began to lose social cachet at the turn of the twentieth century, with many of the old mansions being demolished. Tiffany & Co. , which had moved to the square from Broadway and Broome Street in 1870, left its premises on 15th Street to move uptown to 37th Street in 1905;

4697-416: The same time, a transition from stock companies, in which a resident acting company was based around a star or impresario, to a "combination" system, in which productions were put together on a one-time basis to mount a specific play, expanded the amount of outside support needed to service the theatrical industry. Thus, suppliers of props, costumes, wigs, scenery, and other theatrical necessities grew up around

SECTION 60

#1732844369585

4774-458: The silversmiths Gorham Company moved up from 19th Street in 1906. The last of the neighborhood's free-standing private mansions, Peter Goelet's at the northeast corner of 19th Street, made way for a commercial building in 1897. The Rialto, New York City's first commercial theater district, was located in and around Union Square beginning in the 1870s. It was named after Venice 's Rialto , a commercial district. The first facility to open within

4851-555: The stage at Union Square to make her "Free Bread" speech to a crowd of overworked garment workers. She also addressed a crowd in 1916 on the need for free access to birth control, which was banned by the Comstock laws . Her visits to Union Square pulled hundreds of followers; some of these rallies resulted in her arrest. Union Square has been used as a platform to raise awareness about the Black Lives Matter movement, such as during

4928-462: The state and the Police Boards did nothing. It may be that you -whoever you are or wherever you are- don’t know what it means to go “down the line”. But in New York -in order that we may start right- “The Line” means that part of Broadway where at night the lights burn brightest, and where the mob -swell and otherwise- move back and forth like the ebb and flow of the tide - hunting, hunting, ever on

5005-485: The summer. Union Square is a popular meeting place, given its central location in Manhattan and its many nearby subway routes. There are many bars and restaurants on the periphery of the square, and the surrounding streets have some of the city's most renowned (and expensive) restaurants. S. Klein's department store promoted itself in the mid-20th century as an "On the Square" alternative to higher prices uptown, and late in

5082-460: The world, from the amount of police business done there and from the character of the neighborhood." Occasionally there would be organized attempts to clean up the Tenderloin, and reformist mayors, such as William Russell Grace and Abram S. Hewitt , would authorize raids on saloons and brothels, even those under the protection of "Clubber" Williams, but the effects were generally temporary: prostitutes would decamp to outlying areas, and return when

5159-461: Was an entertainment and red-light district in the heart of the New York City borough of Manhattan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The area originally ran from 24th Street to 42nd Street and from Fifth Avenue to Seventh Avenue . By the turn of the 20th century, it had expanded northward to 57th or 62nd Street and west to Eighth Avenue , encompassing parts of what

5236-476: Was for decades one of the city's most fashionable hotels. In the early years of the park, a fence surrounded the square's central oval planted with radiating walks lined with trees. In 1872, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux were called in to replant the park, as an open glade with clumps of trees. Initially, the square was largely residential: the Union League Club first occupied a house loaned for

5313-496: Was formed in 1984 and became a model for other BIDs in New York City. Jennifer E. Falk became its executive director in January 2007. The Union Square Partnership provides a free public Wi-Fi network in Union Square. The Washington Irving Campus at 40 Irving Place between East 16th and 17th Streets, a block east of Union Square Park, was formerly the location of a comprehensive high school, but now houses Gramercy Arts High School,

5390-402: Was modeled by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and dedicated in 1876, the 100th anniversary of U.S. independence. The statue of Abraham Lincoln , modeled by Henry Kirke Brown (1870), is located near the north end of the park. A statue of Mahatma Gandhi in the southwest corner of the park was added in 1986. The Union Square Drinking Fountain (1881) near Union Square West, also known as

5467-479: Was now bounded by 42nd Street on the south. The movement, he said, "is rapidly depleting the ranks of the sporting vicious element in the Old Tenderloin". Crime was also a major aspect of the Tenderloin, which was considered to be the worst crime-ridden area of what was thought to be the most crime-ridden city of the United States. To a certain extent, police corruption kept crime under control as it regularized

5544-526: Was restricted in Lower Manhattan below 14th Street. In March 2008, an eighteen-month renovation began on the northern end of the park. The renovation was controversial because of disagreements over whether to place a restaurant in the pavilion at the north end of the park. A New York Supreme Court judge approved the renovation of the park's north end in April 2008 but placed an injunction temporarily banning

5621-543: Was shortly removed after to be used as a patriotic fundraiser by being auctioned across the country repeatedly. In the summer of 1864 the north side of the square was the site of the Metropolitan Fair . Union Square has been a frequent gathering point for radicals of all stripes to make speeches or demonstrate. In 1865, the recently formed Irish republican Fenian Brotherhood came out publicly and rented Dr. John Moffat's brownstone rowhouse at 32 East 17th Street, next to

5698-442: Was spent in paving the surrounding streets and planting the square, in part owing to the continued encouragement of Ruggles. The sole survivors of this early phase, though they have been much adapted and rebuilt, are a series of three- and four-story brick rowhouses, 862–866 Broadway, at the turn where Broadway exits the square at 17th Street. The Everett House on the corner of 17th Street and Fourth Avenue (built 1848, demolished 1908)

5775-468: Was that half of the buildings in the district were connected with vice. Reformers referred to the area as "Satan's Circus", and one anti-vice crusading minister, the Rev. Thomas De Witt Talmage , denounced the entire city of New York as "the modern Gomorrah " for allowing it to exist. The clientele of these establishments was not necessarily working-class: one set of seven sisters ran side-by-side brothels in

5852-530: Was too large and requested that it be "discontinued", and in 1814, the New York State Legislature acted to downsize the area by making 14th Street the southern boundary. In 1831, at a time when the city was quickly expanding and the surrounding area was still sparsely developed, Samuel Ruggles , one of the founders of the Bank of Commerce and the developer of Gramercy Park to the northeast, convinced

5929-422: Was transferred to Times Square when the theater district moved uptown. Eventually, the processes which created the Tenderloin also served to dismantle it. Once again, theaters and hotels began moving uptown, and the brothels and dance halls and so on followed after them. As early as 1906, McAdoo noted that the northern boundary of the district had moved to 62nd Street, and the "New Tenderloin", as he called it,

#584415