A teleprompter , also known as an autocue , is a display device that prompts the person speaking with an electronic visual text of a speech or script.
81-458: Telescript may refer to: Teleprompter , a display device that prompts the person speaking with an electronic visual text Telescript (programming language) , a programming language developed by General Magic Telescript, a name sometimes used to refer to the script written for a teleplay Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
162-481: A personal computer , connected to video monitors on each professional video camera . In certain systems, the PC connects to a separate display device to offer greater flexibility in setup, distances, and cabling. The monitors are often black-and-white and have the scanning reversed to compensate for the reflection of the mirror . A peripheral device attached has a knob that can be turned to speed up, slow down, or even reverse
243-587: A taxi dancer in London. In 1948, Ball was cast as Liz Cooper, a wacky wife in My Favorite Husband , a radio comedy for CBS Radio . (At first, the character's name was Liz Cugat; this was changed because of confusion with real-life bandleader Xavier Cugat , who sued. ) My Favorite Husband was successful, and CBS asked Ball to develop it for television. She agreed, but insisted on working with her real-life husband, Arnaz. CBS executives were reluctant, thinking
324-476: A $ 1,000 hand-sewn sequin dress and how to wear a $ 40,000 sable coat as casually as rabbit." Her acting forays were stilled at an early stage when she became ill with rheumatic fever and was unable to work for two years. In 1932, she moved back to New York City to resume her pursuit of an acting career, where she supported herself by again working for Carnegie and as the Chesterfield cigarette girl . Using
405-447: A CBS Radio talk show entitled Let's Talk to Lucy in 1964–65. She also made a few more movies including Yours, Mine, and Ours (1968), and the musical Mame (1974), and two more successful long-running sitcoms for CBS: The Lucy Show (1962–68), which costarred Vivian Vance and Gale Gordon, and Here's Lucy (1968–74), which also featured Gordon, as well as Lucy's real-life children, Lucie Arnaz and Desi Arnaz, Jr. She appeared on
486-543: A Communist "or intended to vote the Communist Party ticket" in 1936 at her socialist grandfather's insistence. She stated she "at no time intended to vote as a Communist". Her testimony was forwarded to J. Edgar Hoover in an FBI memorandum: Ball stated she has never been a member of the Communist Party "to her knowledge" ... [She] did not know whether or not any meetings were ever held at her home at 1344 North Ogden Drive; stated ... [that if she had been appointed] as
567-679: A Technology and Engineering Emmy Award for "Pioneering Development in Electronic Prompting". The word "TelePrompTer", with internal capitalization , originated as a trade name used by the TelePrompTer Corporation , which first developed the device in the 1950s. The word "teleprompter", with no capitalization, has become a genericized trademark , because it is used to refer to similar systems manufactured by many different companies. Some other common terms for this type of device are: Modern teleprompters for news programs consist of
648-470: A class at an address identified to her as Ball's home according to her testimony given before the United States House of Representatives ' Special House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), on July 22, 1940. Two years later, Vale affirmed this testimony in a sworn deposition: ... within a few days after my third application to join the Communist Party was made, I received a notice to attend
729-584: A comedy set in a duplex apartment in Hollywood. The play premiered in Princeton, New Jersey , on January 21, 1937, with Ball playing the part of Julie Tucker, "one of three roommates coping with neurotic directors, confused executives, and grasping stars, who interfere with the girls' ability to get ahead". The play received good reviews, but problems existed with star Conway Tearle , who was in poor health. Cormack wanted to replace him, but producer Anne Nichols said
810-763: A contract player for RKO Radio Pictures , being cast as a chorus girl or in similar roles, with lead roles in B-pictures and supporting roles in A-pictures. During this time, she met Cuban bandleader Desi Arnaz , and they eloped in November 1940. In the 1950s, Ball ventured into television, where she and Arnaz created the sitcom I Love Lucy . She gave birth to their first child, Lucie , in 1951, followed by Desi Arnaz Jr. in 1953. They divorced in March 1960, and she married comedian Gary Morton in 1961. Ball produced and starred in
891-472: A delegate to the State Central Committee of the Communist Party of California in 1936 it was done without her knowledge or consent; [and stated that she] did not recall signing the document sponsoring EMIL FREED for the Communist Party nomination to the office of member of the assembly for the 57th District ... A review of the subject's file reflects no activity that would warrant her inclusion on
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#1732849079653972-428: A long pole held by a TV technician in the convention audience, while the 1952 Republican National Convention used a smaller teleprompter placed in front of the speaker's rostrum. Mechanical prompters were still being used as late as 1992. In the early years of teleprompter use by politicians, some saw the device as cheating. in 1955, Richard L. Neuberger , a Democratic Senator from Oregon, proposed legislation that if
1053-508: A meeting on North Ogden Drive, Hollywood; although it was a typed, unsigned note, merely requesting my presence at the address at 8 o'clock in the evening on a given day, I knew it was the long-awaited notice to attend Communist Party new members' classes ... on arrival at this address I found several others present; an elderly man informed us that we were the guests of the screen actress, Lucille Ball, and showed us various pictures, books, and other objects to establish that fact, and stated she
1134-502: A new series, Here's Lucy , with Gordon, frequent show guest Mary Jane Croft , and Lucie and Desi Jr.; this program ran until 1974. Ball did not retire from acting completely, and in 1985 she took on a dramatic role in the television film Stone Pillow . The next year, she starred in Life with Lucy , which, unlike her other sitcoms, was not well-received; it was canceled after three months. She did not appear in film or television roles for
1215-625: A number of methods still in use in TV production today, such as filming before a live studio audience with more than one camera, and distinct sets , adjacent to each other. During this time, Ball taught a 32-week comedy workshop at the Brandeis-Bardin Institute . She was quoted as saying, "You cannot teach someone comedy; either they have it or they don't." Desilu produced several other popular shows, such as The Untouchables , Star Trek , and Mission: Impossible . Ball sold her shares of
1296-441: A politician used a teleprompter the use of the device had to be noted in the speech. The new technology saw quick adoption in the sponsored film industry where cutting production costs made the difference between a film that made money and one that lost money. Cinécraft Productions was the first to advertise the availability of three-camera synchronized filming with a teleprompter when in 1954 they began to advertise their use of
1377-412: A puritanical Swedish couple who banished all mirrors from the house except one over the bathroom sink. When Lucy was caught admiring herself in it, she was severely chastised for being vain. She later said that this period of time affected her deeply, and it lasted seven or eight years. When Lucy was 12, her stepfather encouraged her to audition for his Shriners organization that needed entertainers for
1458-456: A summer resort village on Chautauqua Lake . Their home was at 59 West 8th Street (later renamed to 59 Lucy Lane). Also living in the house were Ball's aunt and uncle, Lola and George Mandicos, and their daughter, Lucy's first cousin Cleo. Having grown up with Lucy, Cleo would later work as a producer on several of Lucy's radio and television programs, and Lucy also introduced Cleo to her second husband,
1539-402: A teleprompter is similar to using cue cards . The screen is in front of, and usually below, the lens of a professional video camera , and the words on the screen are reflected to the eyes of the presenter using a sheet of clear glass or other beam splitter , so that they are read by looking directly at the lens position, but are not imaged by the lens. Light from the performer passes through
1620-601: Is "Lucy Is Enceinte", borrowing the French word for pregnant; however, episode titles never appeared on-screen. The episode aired on the evening of January 19, 1953, with 44 million viewers watching Lucy Ricardo welcome little Ricky, while in real life Ball delivered her second child, Desi Jr., that same day in Los Angeles. The birth made the cover of the first issue of TV Guide for the week of April 3–9, 1953. In October 1956, Ball, Arnaz, Vance, and William Frawley all appeared on
1701-601: The Los Angeles Times critic Cecil Smith . Ball loved Celoron Park, a popular amusement area at the time. Its boardwalk had a ramp to the lake that served as a children's slide, the Pier Ballroom, a roller-coaster, a bandstand, and a stage where vaudeville concerts and plays were presented. Four years after Henry Ball's death, DeDe married Edward Peterson. While they looked for work in another city, Peterson's parents cared for Lucy and Fred. Ball's step-grandparents were
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#17328490796531782-605: The Baptist church . Her ancestors were mostly English, but a few were Scottish, French, and Irish. Some were among the earliest settlers in the Thirteen Colonies , including Elder John Crandall of Westerly, Rhode Island , and Edmund Rice , an early emigrant from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony . Her father's Bell Telephone career frequently required the family to move during Lucy's early childhood. The first
1863-602: The Communist Party 's 1936 candidate for the California State Assembly 's 57th District , Ball signed a certificate stating, "I am registered as affiliated with the Communist Party." The same year, the Communist Party of California appointed her to the state's Central Committee , according to records of the Secretary of State of California . In 1937, Hollywood writer Rena Vale , a self-identified Communist, attended
1944-1051: The Dick Cavett show in 1974 and discussed her work on I Love Lucy , and reminisced about her family history, the friends she missed from show business, and how she learned to be happy while married. She also told a story about how she helped discover an underground Japanese radio signal after accidentally picking up the signal on the fillings in her teeth. Ball's close friends in the business included perennial co-star Vivian Vance and film stars Judy Garland , Ann Sothern , and Ginger Rogers , and comedic television performers Jack Benny , Barbara Pepper , Ethel Merman , Mary Wickes , and Mary Jane Croft ; all except Garland appeared at least once on her various series. Former Broadway co-stars Keith Andes and Paula Stewart also appeared at least once on her later sitcoms, as did Joan Blondell , Rich Little , and Ann-Margret . Ball mentored actress and singer Carole Cook , and befriended Barbara Eden , when Eden appeared on an episode of I Love Lucy . Ball
2025-635: The Rodgers and Hart stage hit Too Many Girls . They connected immediately, and eloped on November 30, 1940, two months after the film opened. Although Arnaz was drafted into the Army in 1942, he was classified for limited service due to a knee injury. He stayed in Los Angeles, organizing and performing USO shows for wounded G.I.s brought back from the Pacific. Ball filed for divorce in 1944, obtaining an interlocutory decree; however, she and Arnaz reconciled, precluding
2106-416: The tango , in the episode "Lucy Does The Tango", evoked the longest recorded studio audience laugh in the history of the show — so long that the sound editor had to cut that section of the soundtrack in half. During the show's production breaks, Lucy and Desi starred together in two feature films: The Long, Long Trailer (1954) and Forever, Darling (1956). After I Love Lucy ended its run in 1957,
2187-556: The 1930s as a contract player for RKO Radio Pictures , including a two-reel comedy short with The Three Stooges ( Three Little Pigskins , 1934) and a movie with the Marx Brothers ( Room Service , 1938). Her first credited role came in Chatterbox in 1936. She also appeared in several Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers RKO musicals: as one of the featured models in Roberta (1935), as
2268-479: The 1940s, but never achieved major stardom there. She was known in Hollywood circles as "Queen of the B's (B-movies)" – a title previously held by Fay Wray and later more closely associated with Ida Lupino and Marie Windsor – starring in a number of B-movies , such as Five Came Back (1939). In 1942, Ball starred opposite Henry Fonda in The Big Street . MGM producer Arthur Freed purchased
2349-564: The Broadway hit musical play Du Barry Was a Lady (1943) especially for Ann Sothern , but when she turned down the part, that role went to Ball, Sothern's real-life best friend. In 1943, Ball portrayed herself in Best Foot Forward . In 1946, Ball starred in Lover Come Back and the film noir The Dark Corner . In 1947, she appeared in the murder mystery Lured as Sandra Carpenter,
2430-495: The Broadway musical Wildcat from 1960 to 1961. In 1962, she became the first woman to run a major television studio, Desilu Productions , which produced many popular television series, including Mission: Impossible and Star Trek . After Wildcat , she reunited with I Love Lucy co-star Vivian Vance for The Lucy Show , which Vance left in 1965. The show continued, with Ball's longtime friend and series regular Gale Gordon , until 1968. Ball immediately began appearing in
2511-504: The Security Index. Immediately before the filming of episode 68 ("The Girls Go Into Business") of I Love Lucy , Desi Arnaz, instead of his usual audience warm-up, told the audience about Lucy and her grandfather. Reusing the line he had first given to Hedda Hopper in an interview, he quipped: The only thing red about Lucy is her hair, and even that is not legitimate. In 1940, Ball met Cuban-born bandleader Desi Arnaz while filming
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2592-693: The Women in Film Crystal Award , an induction into the Television Hall of Fame , a Kennedy Center Honor , and the Governors Award from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences . Ball's career began in 1929 when she landed work as a model. Shortly thereafter, she began her performing career on Broadway using the stage name Diane (or Dianne) Belmont. She later appeared in films in the 1930s and 1940s as
2673-566: The audience sees what looks like a sheet of tinted glass on each side of the speaker. Schlafly's glass teleprompters were also used for the 1956 Republican National Convention , and at both parties' conventions from then on. In 1964, glass teleprompters were used by Robert F. Kennedy , at the time the Attorney General , who served in both the Kennedy and early Johnson Administrations (1961–1964), to deliver his convention speech. In 1996, for
2754-727: The center prompter creates the illusion that the speaker is periodically looking straight into the camera lens and thereby appears to directly address the TV audience watching the televised Convention coverage. In 2006, speakers at the Liberal Democrat Conference , held at the Brighton Centre in Brighton , UK also used a three-screen system (but this time consisting entirely of large off-stage confidence monitors mounted on poles — which are often described outside North America, together with glass teleprompters, as " autocues "), where
2835-466: The chorus line of its next show. While Ball was onstage, she realized that performing was a great way to gain praise. In 1927, her family was forced to move to a small apartment in Jamestown after their house and furnishings were sold to settle a legal judgment . In 1925, Ball, then only 14, started dating Johnny DeVita, a 21-year-old local hoodlum. Her mother was unhappy with the relationship, and hoped
2916-438: The couple offered to take a pay cut to finance filming on better-quality 35 mm film, on the condition that Desilu would retain the rights of each episode once it aired. CBS agreed to relinquish the post-first-broadcast rights to Desilu, not realizing they were giving up a valuable and enduring asset. In 1957, CBS bought back the rights for $ 1,000,000 ($ 10.8 million in today's terms), financing Ball and Arnaz's down payment for
2997-408: The entire audience". Schlafly's company then created a speaker's lectern that included two synchronized glass teleprompters and a range of technological innovations including air conditioning and an adjustable-height speaker's platform. The success of the system led the company to develop a new model for use on TV cameras, with the glass placed directly in front of the lens. The camera "looked through
3078-425: The entry of a final decree. On July 17, 1951, less than three weeks prior to her 40th birthday, Ball gave birth to daughter Lucie Désirée Arnaz . A year and a half later, she gave birth to Desiderio Alberto Arnaz IV , known as Desi Arnaz, Jr. Before he was born, I Love Lucy was a solid ratings hit, and Ball and Arnaz wrote the pregnancy into the show. Ball's necessary and planned caesarean section in real life
3159-556: The fault lay with the character and insisted the part needed to be rewritten. Unable to agree on a solution, the play closed after one week in Washington, D.C., when Tearle became gravely ill. Like many budding actresses, Ball picked up radio work to supplement her income and gain exposure. In 1937, she appeared regularly on The Phil Baker Show . When its run ended in 1938, Ball joined the cast of The Wonder Show starring Jack Haley . There began her 50-year professional relationship with
3240-458: The first "in-the-lens" prompter and was awarded U.S. patents for its creation. His system uses a mirror to reflect a script onto a piece of glass placed in front of the camera lens, thus allowing the reader to look directly into the camera. The producers of Dragnet estimated the use of teleprompters cut the show's production time by as much as 50% Arthur Godfrey , Raymond Massey , Sir Cedric Hardwicke , and Helen Hayes were early users of
3321-591: The first time, speakers at the Democratic National Convention , held at the United Center in Chicago , Illinois, used a four-teleprompter system: as can be seen at another convention in image (A), the first three prompters are placed to the left, right and in front of the speaker, the latter embedded within the speaker's lectern, enabling the speaker to look down at the lectern without losing their place in
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3402-571: The flower shop clerk in Top Hat (1935), and in a brief supporting role at the beginning of Follow the Fleet (1936). Ball played a larger part as an aspiring actress alongside Ginger Rogers, who was a distant maternal cousin, and Katharine Hepburn in the film Stage Door (1937). In 1936, she landed the role she hoped would lead her to Broadway, in the Bartlett Cormack play Hey Diddle Diddle ,
3483-456: The front side of the glass into the lens, while a shroud surrounding the lens and the back side of the glass prevents unwanted light from entering the lens. Optically this works in a very similar way to the Pepper's ghost illusion from classic theatre: an image viewable from one angle but not another. Because the speaker can look straight at the lens while reading the script, the teleprompter creates
3564-415: The glass; the performer looked directly at the TV audience and was able to read the text word for word. This device now has worldwide use". Typically, a screen on either side of the speaker shows mirrored text from upward-facing floor monitors at the base of a stand supporting a one-way mirror at the top, angled down towards the screen. The speaker sees the text on the screen reflected in the mirror, while
3645-420: The illusion that the speaker has memorized the speech or is speaking spontaneously, looking directly into the camera lens. Notes or cue cards, on the other hand, require the presenter to look at them instead of at the lens, which can cause the speaker to appear distracted, depending on the degree of deflection from the natural line of sight to the camera lens, and how long the speaker needs to glance away to glean
3726-441: The main cast continued to appear in occasional hour-long specials under the title The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour until 1960. Along the way, Ball created a television dynasty and achieved several firsts. She was the first woman to head a TV production company, Desilu, which she had formed with Arnaz. After their divorce in 1960, she bought out his share and became a very actively engaged studio head. Desilu and I Love Lucy pioneered
3807-568: The name Diane (sometimes spelled Dianne) Belmont, she started getting chorus work on Broadway, but it did not last. Ball was hired — but then quickly fired — by theater impresario Earl Carroll from his Vanities , and by Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. from a touring company of Rio Rita . After an uncredited stint as a Goldwyn Girl in Roman Scandals (1933), starring Eddie Cantor and Gloria Stuart , Ball moved permanently to Hollywood to appear in films. She had many small movie roles in
3888-520: The need for glass teleprompters to be present on the conference stage, thereby reducing "stage clutter", and removing the inevitable restrictions on the speaker's movement and field of vision imposed by on-stage glass prompters. The disadvantage of such a system is that the provision of "giant teleprompters" becomes essential to maintaining the illusion of speaking with apparent spontaneity. Various types of modern teleprompters Lucille Ball Lucille Désirée Ball (August 6, 1911 – April 26, 1989)
3969-591: The new technology in Business Screen , a magazine dedicated to the sponsored film industry. Cinécraft used the technique to film the 1953–1960 weekly television series The Ohio Story . Cinécraft also used the technique for executive desk talks in the 1950s and 1960s. On January 4, 1954, Dwight Eisenhower was the first President to use a teleprompter for a State of the Union address. The first personal computer -based teleprompter, CompuPrompt, appeared in 1982. It
4050-625: The next speaking point; speakers who can internalize a full sentence or paragraph in a single short glance timed to natural breaks in the spoken cadence will create only a small or negligible impression of distraction. The technology has continued to develop, including the following iterations: 'TelePrompTer' in the US, and ' Autocue ' in Commonwealth and some European countries, were originally trade names, but have become genericized trademarks used for any such display device. The TelePrompTer Corporation
4131-462: The ones used at the time. He said, "We developed a 'one-way mirror' device we called the Speech View system... The prompter, hidden in the base, reflected the text on the glass to the speaker while the audience looked through the glass without being aware of the text. Two such prompters, one on the right and one on the left of the speaker allowed him to switch from one to the other and appear to address
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#17328490796534212-591: The party's then-new leader, Nick Clegg (2008–2015) – to abandon the podium lectern and roam the stage, speaking with apparent spontaneity but in fact constantly assisted by three large autocue screens placed throughout the conference hall. Ironically, this use of the system was adopted by Clegg to counter the oratorical success of another party leader, David Cameron (later to become British Prime Minister), who bestrode stages while speaking seemingly off-the-cuff, having memorized key parts of his speech. This use of multiple off-stage confidence monitors also dispenses with
4293-475: The public would not accept an Anglo-American redhead and a Cuban as a couple. CBS was initially unimpressed with the pilot episode, produced by the couple's Desilu Productions company. The pair went on the road with a vaudeville act, in which Lucy played the zany housewife, who wants to get into a Cuban band leader's (Arnaz's) show. The tour was a hit, and CBS put I Love Lucy into their lineup. I Love Lucy ran on CBS from October 15, 1951, to May 6, 1957, and
4374-577: The purchase of the former RKO Pictures studios, which they turned into Desilu Studios. I Love Lucy dominated U.S. ratings for most of its run. An attempt was made to adapt the show for radio using the "Breaking the Lease" episode (in which the Ricardos and Mertzes argue, and the Ricardos threaten to move, but find themselves stuck in a firm lease) as the pilot. The resulting radio audition disc has survived, but never aired. A scene in which Lucy and Ricky practice
4455-607: The rest of her career and died in 1989 from an abdominal aortic aneurysm and arteriosclerotic heart disease at the age of 77. After her death, the American Comedy Awards were officially dubbed "The Lucy" after her. Lucille Désirée Ball was born on Sunday, August 6, 1911, at 69 Stewart Avenue in Jamestown, New York , the first child and only daughter of Henry Durrell "Had" Ball, a lineman for Bell Telephone , and Désirée Evelyn "DeDe" (née Hunt) Ball. Her family belonged to
4536-614: The romance, which she was unable to influence, would burn out. After about a year, her mother tried to separate them by exploiting Ball's desire to be in show business. Despite the family's meager finances, in 1926, she enrolled Ball in the John Murray Anderson School for the Dramatic Arts, in New York City, where Bette Davis was a fellow student. Ball later said about that time in her life, "All I learned in drama school
4617-798: The scrolling of the text. The text is usually displayed in white letters on a black background for the best readability, while cues are in inverse video ( black on white ). Difficult words (mainly international names) are spelled out phonetically , as are other particulars like "Nine-eleven" (to specify that the event 9/11 should not be pronounced " nine-one-one ", for example). With the development of inexpensive teleprompter software applications as well as free Web-based teleprompter applets, many different disciplines are now using teleprompters to help them deliver sermons, deliver speeches, and create quality audio recordings. Unlike their more advanced counterparts, these entry-level products work on desktop computers, laptop computers, and even tablet computers to enable
4698-453: The show's announcer, Gale Gordon . The Wonder Show lasted one season, with the final episode airing on April 7, 1939. In 1940, Ball starred in Dance, Girl, Dance and appeared as the lead in the musical Too Many Girls , where she met and fell in love with Cuban band leader Desi Arnaz , who played one of her character's four bodyguards in the movie. Ball signed with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in
4779-545: The show. In 1983, Lucille Ball and Gary Morton partnered to set up a film and television production house at 20th Century Fox that encompassed film and television productions as well as plans to produce plays. Ball starred in a 1985 dramatic made-for-TV film about an elderly homeless woman, Stone Pillow , which received mixed reviews, but had strong viewership. Her 1986 sitcom comeback Life with Lucy , costarring her longtime foil Gale Gordon and co-produced by Ball, Gary Morton, and prolific producer Aaron Spelling ,
4860-490: The skill required for those using it, according to the Liberal Democrats ' former leader, Menzies Campbell (2006—2008), is to move their gaze seamlessly from one screen to the other: left, center (near the broadcast TV cameras), right and then back again. As well as helping the speaker to appear to sometimes directly address the TV audience during his or her speech, this system allows the speaker – in another case cited,
4941-438: The speaker to control the rate and flow of their speech. They are also used by many different organizations and schools to deliver prewritten information by relative novices. They are usually called "personal teleprompters". Glass teleprompters were first used at the 1956 Democratic National Convention . The inventor of the teleprompter, Hubert Schlafly, explained that he wanted to create a less obtrusive teleprompting system than
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#17328490796535022-415: The speaker's lectern create the illusion that the speaker is looking directly at the audience in the hall, the monitor embedded in the lectern, together with the fourth, much larger teleprompter screen, known as a "confidence monitor", placed immediately below the broadcast TV cameras which are located some distance away from the convention stage on a specially-constructed broadcasting gantry. This placement of
5103-480: The studio to Gulf+Western in 1967 for $ 17,000,000 ($ 155 million in today's dollars), and it was renamed Paramount Television . The 1960 Broadway musical Wildcat ended its run early when producer and star Ball could not recover from a virus and continue the show after several weeks of returned ticket sales. The show was the source of the song she made famous, "Hey, Look Me Over", which she performed with Paula Stewart on The Ed Sullivan Show . Ball hosted
5184-479: The technology. The technology soon became a staple of television news and is the primary system used by newscasters today. In 1952 former President Herbert Hoover used a Schlafly-designed speech teleprompter to address the 1952 Republican National Convention in Chicago . U.S. Governor Paul A. Dever spoke at the 1952 Democratic National Convention , also held in Chicago, using a mechanical-roll teleprompter on
5265-472: The text of the speech; while in image (B), the fourth prompter is a large confidence monitor located immediately below the lenses of the TV broadcast cameras, at a distance of several meters/yards from the speaker. This modification to the traditional two-teleprompter set-up continues to be in use at both the Democratic and Republican parties' national conventions: the two glass teleprompters on either side of
5346-456: The title Telescript . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telescript&oldid=982363148 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Teleprompter Using
5427-432: The younger performer reciprocated by appearing on The Lucy Show . Ball was rumored to have offered Burnett a chance to star on her own sitcom, but in truth, Burnett was offered (and declined) Here's Agnes by CBS executives. She instead chose to create her own variety show due to a stipulation that was on an existing contract she had with CBS. The two women remained close friends until Ball's death on April 26, 1989, which
5508-451: Was Carol's birthday. Ball sent flowers every year on Burnett's birthday. Aside from her acting career, Ball became an assistant professor at California State University, Northridge in 1979. During the 1980s, Ball attempted to resurrect her television career. In 1982, she hosted a two-part Three's Company retrospective , showing clips from the show's first five seasons, summarizing memorable plotlines, and commenting on her love of
5589-564: Was aired as part of an agreement. Ball was the lead actress in a number of comedy television specials to about 1980, including Lucy Calls the President , which featured Vivian Vance, Gale Gordon, and Mary Jane Croft, and Lucy Moves to NBC , a special depicting a fictionalization of her move to the NBC television network. In 1959, Ball became a friend and mentor to Carol Burnett . She guested on Burnett's highly successful CBS-TV special Carol + 2 and
5670-568: Was an American actress, comedian, producer, and studio executive. She was recognized by Time in 2020 as one of the most influential women of the 20th century for her work in all four of these areas. She was nominated for 13 Primetime Emmy Awards , winning five, and was the recipient of several other accolades, such as the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award and two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . She earned many honors, including
5751-623: Was canceled less than two months into its run by ABC . In February 1988, Ball was named the Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year. In May 1988, Ball was hospitalized after suffering a mild heart attack. Her last public appearance, just one month before her death, was at the 1989 Academy Awards telecast, in which she and fellow presenter Bob Hope received a standing ovation. When Ball registered to vote in 1936, she listed her party affiliation as Communist, as did her brother and mother. To sponsor
5832-491: Was founded in the 1950s by Fred Barton, Jr. , Hubert Schlafly and Irving Berlin Kahn . Barton was an actor who suggested the concept of the teleprompter as a means of assisting television performers who had to memorize large amounts of material in a short time. Schlafly built the first teleprompter in 1950. It was simply a mechanical device, operated by a hidden technician, located near the camera. The script, in inch-high letters,
5913-662: Was glad to loan her home for a Communist Party new members' class; ... In a 1944 Pathé News newsreel titled "Fund Raising for Roosevelt", Ball was featured prominently among several stage and film stars at events in support of President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's fundraising campaign for the March of Dimes . She stated that in the 1952 United States presidential election , she voted for Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower . On September 4, 1953, Ball met voluntarily with HUAC investigator William A. Wheeler in Hollywood and gave him sealed testimony. She stated that she had registered to vote as
5994-516: Was how to be frightened." Ball's instructors felt she would not be successful in the entertainment business, and were unafraid to directly state this to her. In the face of this harsh criticism, Ball was determined to prove her teachers wrong and returned to New York City in 1928. That same year, she began working for Hattie Carnegie as an in-house model. Carnegie ordered Ball to bleach her brown hair blond, and she complied. Of this time in her life, Ball said: "Hattie taught me how to slouch properly in
6075-628: Was invented and marketed by Courtney M. Goodin and Laurence B. Abrams in Los Angeles, California. The custom software and specially-redesigned camera hardware ran on the Atari 800 computer, which featured smooth hardware-assisted scrolling. Their company later became ProPrompt, Inc., still in business as of 2021 . Paper-based teleprompting companies Electronic Script Prompting, QTV, and Telescript followed suit and developed their own software several years later when computers powerful enough to scroll text smoothly became available. In January 2010 Compu=Prompt received
6156-424: Was not only a star vehicle for Lucille Ball, but also a potential means for her to salvage her marriage to Arnaz. Their relationship had become badly strained, in part because of their hectic performing schedules, which often kept them apart, but mostly due to Desi's attraction to other women. For the production of I Love Lucy , Ball and Arnaz wanted to remain in their Los Angeles home, but prime time in Los Angeles
6237-564: Was originally considered by Frank Sinatra for the role of Mrs. Iselin in the Cold War thriller The Manchurian Candidate . Director/producer John Frankenheimer , however, had worked with Angela Lansbury in a mother role in All Fall Down , and insisted on having her for the part. In 1979, she had signed a deal with NBC under Fred Silverman 's watch after 28 years of working with CBS in order to deal with new comedy specials, but only one
6318-557: Was printed by a special electric typewriter on a paper scroll, which was advanced as the performer read, and the machines rented for the then-considerable sum of $ 30 per hour. The teleprompter was used for the first time on December 4, 1950, in filming the CBS soap The First Hundred Years . It was used by Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz in 1953 to read commercials on-camera. Jess Oppenheimer , who created I Love Lucy and served for its first five years as its producer and head writer, developed
6399-466: Was scheduled for the same date that her television character gave birth. CBS insisted that a pregnant woman could not be shown on television, nor could the word "pregnant" be spoken on-air. After approval from several religious figures, the network allowed the pregnancy story line, but insisted that the word "expecting" be used instead of "pregnant". (Arnaz garnered laughs when he deliberately mispronounced it as "spectin ' ".) The episode's official title
6480-649: Was to Anaconda, Montana , and later to Trenton, New Jersey . On February 28, 1915, while living in Wyandotte, Michigan , Lucy's father died of typhoid fever aged 27, when Lucy was only three years old. At that time, DeDe was pregnant with her second child, Fred Ball (1915–2007). Lucille recalled little from the day her father died, except a bird getting trapped in the house, which caused her lifelong ornithophobia . Ball's mother returned to New York, where maternal grandparents helped raise Lucy and her brother Fred in Celoron ,
6561-493: Was too late to air a major network series live on the East Coast; broadcasting live from California would have meant giving most of the TV audience an inferior kinescope picture, delayed by at least a day. Sponsor Philip Morris pressured the couple into relocating, not wanting day-old kinescopes airing in major East Coast markets, nor did they want to pay the extra cost that filming, processing, and editing would require. Instead,
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