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48-507: The Tees Barrage is a barrage and road bridge across the River Tees , Northern England , just upriver of Blue House Point and is used to control the flow of the river, preventing flooding and the effects of tidal change . It is between the towns of Stockton-on-Tees and Thornaby , road access is only by the latter with limited road access to the Tees's north bank. The Tees Barrage comprises

96-459: A 5 m rise but only the four central arches actually cross the waters of the river Tees. The arches are sprayed with green chlorinated rubber paint and are sealed against corrosion. Some 16,500 cubic metres of reinforced concrete and 650 tons of structural steel went into the building of the barrage. On the downstream side of the central pier is a 29 m tower of lights with reflective globes and plates, supported by guy ropes. Illumination

144-406: A dam on the ecosystem surrounding it. To observe the species richness, scientists collect data on the fish and animal populations before and after construction of the dam. With that data, they are able to see how the population size increased or decreased. In some cases, it was found that the species richness was less downstream from a dam compared to further upstream. Inhibiting the volume of water

192-464: A dam. Without dams, it would be much harder to farm and grow livestock. The irrigation technology that comes with building a dam can exceed the risk factor. According to the World Commission on Dams , a key difference between a dam and a barrage is that a dam is built for water storage in a reservoir , which raises the level of water significantly. A barrage is built for diverting water, and raises

240-519: A design life of 120 years. The project also included the regeneration of 100 ha of adjacent derelict land producing riverside walks, parkland and leisure facilities. The Teesside Development Corporation proposed a barrage across the Tees in an act of Parliament and then organised a design competition for the barrage bridge that was won by Ove Arup and the Napper Partnership. The barrage was constructed by Tarmac Construction . Construction work

288-423: A draught of 2.48 m. If necessary, when the lock is in use, a single leaf steel bascule lifting bridge over the lock is raised to allow the passage of lock traffic. There is no charge to use the lock however users must have permits to use the river both above and below the barrage. On 8 June 2007 a new facility was opened for testing prototype marine current turbines and other turbine devices. This facility

336-495: A relatively large effect on the river ecosystems, such as species richness, water volume and nutrient levels. Different experiments have been done that looked into each of these individually and were able to determine why some dams cause such effects. While there is substantial evidence, including case studies, that points to dam construction having environmental impact , there are also studies that show less damage than expected. Looking at plankton near some dams has shown that plankton

384-424: A river barrage , road bridge , footbridge , barge lock , fish pass and access point to a white water course . The waters above the barrage are permanently held at the level of an average high tide and are used for watersports such as canoeing , jet skiing , dragonboat racing and incorporates a 1 km rowing course. The Tees Barrage and Tees Barrage International White Water Course were developed by

432-457: A safety rating depending on the type of dam, location, and the possible effects in case of failure. The ratings are from one to five, five having the highest danger rating. The rating of five would be given to dams built with a town or city downstream, which would have higher possibility of injury to people in the case of dam failure. New designs have been made that are able to sustain greater amounts of water. An improved wedge-shaped block technology

480-444: A series of gates that control the amount of water passing through. A barrage dam can be used to divert water for irrigation needs or limit the amount of water downstream. In most cases, a barrage dam is built near the mouth of the river. The site of dam construction needs to be thoroughly investigated to ensure that the foundation is strong enough to support the dam and has low possibility of failing. When dams are created, they are given

528-458: A total workforce of 4,200; the engineering division had higher turnover, but lower profit than the port business. The Hamworthy Bellis & Morcom compressor division (see Belliss & Morcom ) was sold to Gardner Denver Inc. of the United States for £26 million. The company's maritime and port businesses was rebranded in 2003 as PD Ports, Logistics and Shipping (PDPLS). In 2004

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576-452: A unit of Nikko Cordial Corp. of Japan, with shareholders accepting 570p per share, a valuation of £507 million. In the late 1990s/early 2000s the company was restructured; selling multiple business interests; after acquisition in 2000 the company's engineering interests were Hamworthy KSE (marine engineering), Hamworthy Belliss and Morcom (compressors), Hamworthy Combustion, and Geesink (waste disposal equipment), representing 2500 of

624-641: A unit of Nikko Cordial Corp. of Japan. In 2003 the company re-branded as PD Ports . In 2005 the company was acquired by infrastructure division of Babcock & Brown , and then sold to Brookfield Asset Management in 2009. The business started in Newport , Wales in the late 18th century as by Thomas Powell who had inherited the family business at the age of 14 on his father's death – in 1810 Powell acquired land in Llanhilleth and began coal mining. Powell expanded his coal business, opening several collieries in

672-547: Is a Middlesbrough , UK headquartered port , shipping and logistics company; owner of Teesport , and ports at Hartlepool , Howden and Keadby ; with additional operations at the Port of Felixstowe , Port of Immingham , and Port of Hull . Formerly known as Powell Duffryn , it traces its origins to a coal mining company founded by Thomas Powell in the 19th century in the South Wales coalfield . After Thomas Powell's death in 1863

720-428: Is able to continue to live through changes to its habitat. Changes such as the pH levels near dams have been recorded, and plankton was minimally affected. Other species, however, such as trout, are affected more, due to the physical dam inhibiting their migration and reproduction paths. Barrage dams control the amount of water going through them, leading to differences in the amount of water upstream and downstream from

768-472: Is delayed below the barrier as fish have difficulty finding the very narrow entrance to the fish pass and that excessive numbers of foraging seals are taking advantage of this delay and are predating these fish and thus damaging the recovery of salmonids on the Tees. The fish pass still only has provisional approval from the Environment Agency and as an interim measure fish pen stocks are being used on

816-572: Is operated and funded by the National Renewable Energy Centre . It uses the hydraulic head in the barge lock to release water through sluices at a controlled velocity to create a simulation of steady ocean current conditions downstream of the lock. The first turbine to be tested at this site was Evopod , a semi submerged floating tidal turbine developed by offshore consultancy Ocean Flow Energy Ltd based in North Shields . The test

864-454: Is provided by four lights on the concrete barrage base for ease of maintenance. The barrage has two pavilions , one on the south bank, and a little-used one on the north bank, both extending under the road bridge. The south bank pavilion houses the barrage control room and the offices of the SMi – Stockton Middlesbrough Initiative'. A visitors' centre is also planned for the barrage. The barrage has

912-577: The 2012 London Olympics . It produces its own green energy, which it feeds back into the National Grid . A steel footbridge carries walkers and cyclists across the concrete piers of the barrage on the Teesdale Way , part of the National Cycle Network . The footbridge consists of two parts, a steel footbridge across the concrete piers and a hydraulically operated single-leaf steel bascule across

960-663: The Cambrian Wagon Works, adding an engineering arm to the business. During the Second World War the companies' engineering subsidiary expanded in order to fulfill military orders. The 12 colliery Cory Brothers & Co. Ltd was acquired in 1942, forming Powell Duffryn Ltd. . In 1946 the Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946 led to the formation of the National Coal Board , which took over

1008-637: The Canal & River Trust) from its original owners English Partnerships . The Canal & River Trust are also responsible for managing the 11 miles of navigable grade A two star waters of the river Tees from the barrage up to the Low Moor Weir at Low Worsall beyond Yarm . Operation of the river below the barrage is the responsibility of the Tees and Hartlepool Port Authority . Large quantities of natural debris such as branches are being washed down and caught by

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1056-587: The Newport area – by 1830 Powell's business had become successful – aided by the increasing demand for coal in steam engines ; good transport connections via the River Severn and canal system, and later by the railways; and by the high quality of the Welsh coal. Removal of a coal export tax in the 1830s allowed Powell to more widely export the coal, and compete for the market in northern England. The company's first deep mine

1104-738: The Rhymney Iron Company, the Windsor Colliery, collieries from Lewis Morthyr, the Great Western Colliery Company and the Nantgawr Colliery; all acquired in the 1920s. In 1935, Powell Duffryn merged with the Welsh Associated Collieries, who owned 34 collieries, and formed the joint venture company Powell Duffryn Associated Collieries , which had an output of 20 million tons p.a. The merged company included

1152-501: The amongst the world's largest coal producers. Powell's Duffryn was one of Thomas Powell's companies (Dyffrn meaning literally "Valley"). Powell's mine conditions were poor, leading to a number of explosions in the 1850s. In 1858 Powell cut wages by 15% resulting in strikes which were met with strike breaking methods; Strikebreaker labour was introduced from England. By 1862 Powell controlled 16 mines, which exported more than 700,000 tons of coal. Shortly before his death he arranged

1200-413: The barrage that otherwise would have been taken out to sea, and there are ongoing studies looking into the feasibility of burning this debris for power generation in waste-to-energy power stations. The lock is a single-rise lock with two pairs of lock gates to allow light river traffic to negotiate the barrage. The dimensions of the lock are length 24.88 m, beam 6.08 m, height 5.37 m with

1248-486: The barrage was built and the site flooded. The wells were installed and maintained by WJ Groundwater Limited under a subcontract with Tarmac. The barrage was opened on 22 April 1995 with an international competition on the white water course, and inaugurated on 17 July the same year by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh . In April 2001 ownership of the Tees Barrage and white water course was passed to British Waterways (now

1296-557: The companies coal business – after a decade of negotiation Powell Duffryn was paid £16 million for the assets. The firm diversified, expanding its former secondary interests: engineering, fuel distribution and shipping. Additional interests included timber, quarries, and brickmaking. Engineering interests included Powell Duffryn Engineering in Llantrisant and the Powell Duffryn Wagon Company . Hamworthy Engineering

1344-520: The company operated as the Powell Duffryn Steam Coal Company having been amalgamated into the business of Sir George Elliot . During the latter part of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the company expanded its mining activities, also acquiring shipping firm Stephenson Clarke in 1928. After number of colliery acquisitions and a merger with the Welsh Associated Collieries in 1935 it became Powell Duffryn Associated Collieries In 1947

1392-539: The company was sold to stockbrokers Collins Stewart for £450 million (£170 equity, £280 million debt), followed by an immediate stock market flotation. A bid by Babcock and Brown Infrastructure (BBI) at 150p per share, with total value £337 million was recommended in December 2005. In November 2009, Brookfield Asset Management acquired 100% of PD Ports. from BBI for a nominal $ 1, taking on $ 113 million of debt, as part of BBI port asset sales to reduce

1440-513: The company's debt burdens. As of 2013 PD Ports owns and operates the Ports of Tees and Hartlepool under the name Teesport . The company also operates the Hull Container Terminal at the Port of Hull , and provides stevedoring and warehousing services at the Port of Immingham ; logistics and warehousing at the Port of Felixstowe , Scunthorpe , and Billingham ; and operates a wharf on

1488-445: The dam. This discrepancy has different effects on different species native to the area. While there can be reduced flow downstream, there can also be problems upstream. Dams can have buildup of pressure that fish are not accustomed to, and they migrate further upstream, causing part of the river to have reduced population sizes. Although there are environmental effects that come with building new dams, there are also economic benefits from

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1536-531: The defunct Teesside Development Corporation . The concrete base of the barrage is 70 m wide, 32 m long, and 5 m thick; it is supported by five concrete piers. In between the piers are four 8 m tall, 50 tonne fish belly plates to control the flow of water, operated by 21 tonne hydraulic rams. The 600 ton road bridge is of a tubular steel arched viaduct design specified at 45 units of HB motorway loading. The bridge has eight welded tubular steel arches each 17.5 m wide with

1584-413: The lock to allow river craft to pass. Although the public cannot gain direct access to the barrage itself, the footbridge affords excellent views of the fish belly plates and hydraulics. To allow migratory salmon and sea trout to negotiate the barrage a fish pass with fish counter and viewing area is installed next to the north bank pavilion. Some angling groups argue that the progress of migratory fish

1632-436: The main coal mining division of the business was nationalised into the National Coal Board . The remainder of the company diversified, mainly into shipping and engineering, and acquired the ports of Tees and Hartlepool in the 1990s. Restructuring in the late 1990s/early 2000s resulted in the sale of engineering businesses and a focus on port operations. The company was acquired in 2000 by Nikko Principal Investments Japan Ltd.,

1680-576: The merger of his business interests with those of Sir George Elliott , forming the Powell Duffryn Steam Coal Company Ltd in 1863 with a capital of £500,000. Powell died 24 March 1863. In 1867 the company acquired the Aberaman Estate from iron master Crawshay Bailey , the land of which held much good quality 'steam coal'. By the 1900s the company had begun generating electricity and utilising it in mining. In 1916, E.M Hann

1728-555: The river and the barrage lock is being operated in such a way as to allow fish to pass. Starting in April 2008 British Waterways commissioned a three-year electronic fish tagging survey to help understand the interactions and relationships between various wildlife at the barrage focusing on seal numbers and salmonid migration. Barrage (dam) The term barrage is borrowed from the French word "barrer" meaning "to bar". Barrage dams have

1776-419: The river or canal level, when necessary, to the height required for adequate flow into the canals that take off above it. Barrages are usually larger than the headworks of irrigation and navigation canals, with which they are associated. Barrages that are commonly used to dam a tidal lagoon or estuary as a method to capture tidal power from tidal flows are known as tidal barrages . The English usage of

1824-500: The ship engineering arm was expanded by the purchase of "Kvaerner Ships Equipment" (KSE) for £34 million from the Kvaerner shipping group. In 1992 the Tees and Hartlepool Port Authority (THPA) (see Teesport and Port of Hartlepool ) was acquired by Powell Duffryn Plc, 3i , and Humberside Holdings Limited in 1992; Powell Duffryn became sole owner in 1995. The company was acquired in 2000 by Nikko Principal Investments Japan Ltd.,

1872-880: The term barrage originates from the Delta Barrage across the Nile branches north of Cairo, built between 1833 and 1862 by the French Linant de Bellefonds and Eugène Mougel employed by the Egyptian Public Works Department, with assistance from Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin and with the blessing of the Egyptian Viceroy of the Ottoman Empire , Muhammad Ali . When the British, after 1882, had to look after these structures generally referred to as barrages , they adopted

1920-612: The term in their language and continued to use it for similar structures built by themselves across the Nile (Zefta Barrage and Assiut Barrage , both completed in 1902). Since the British in the Egyptian Public Works Department kept close relations to their counterparts in British India , the term barrages made its way to present-day India and Pakistan, as well as to the Middle East and thus generally into English. PD Ports PD Ports

1968-467: The water level by only a few feet. The latter is generally built on flat terrain across wide, often meandering rivers. Similar distinctions are used in Egypt, where it is noted: "In this system a "dam" is a structure that forms a reservoir for the storage of water during the annual flood period of the Nile in order to supplement the natural flow of the river during the low-water period; a "barrage" merely raises

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2016-489: Was acquired in 1962. By the 1980s the company was showing good profitability; the Hanson Trust made an unsuccessful takeover attempt in 1984. From the late 1980s onwards the company disposed of its railway, shipping and bulk liquid assets: Stephenson Clarke was sold; the loss making railway engineering division was closed in 1993/4; much of the fuel distribution and storage assets were sold between 1996 and 1998. In 1998

2064-405: Was developed by Rafael Moran and Miguel Toledo. The new structure is able to withstand severe flooding and uses less materials, reducing the production cost. Dam construction has several effects on the economy and the environment . Specifically, there are several ways in which the environment can be affected by dam construction. Species richness is usually measured to determine the effect of

2112-416: Was largely a success and further devices are booked including a Rugged Renewables Savonius rotor that is to be deployed as a building-mounted turbine. The development of this facility completes NaREC's portfolio of test facilities. As part of the project, an artificial whitewater course was created that has since hosted many significant watersport competitions. The £4.6 million facility was opened ahead of

2160-649: Was made a director of the company. After the First World War he drove the development of the company, acquiring all the adjoining collieries (Aberaman, Lletysiencyn, Abernant, Gadlys and Blaengwawr), succeeding in sinking every one of the company's collieries in the Aberdare Valley to the lowest seam. The company started a joint venture in the shipping industry with Stephenson and Clarke in 1920, later acquiring their partners outright by 1928. The company expanded by acquisition of land and construction of pits, including

2208-470: Was shown to be detrimental to species diversity and richness. Also, at the entrance of dams, there are fewer nutrients due to the high-water flow reducing the ecosystem's reproduction standard. Along with species richness, plankton diversity can be an indicator of the ecosystem's ability to handle the newly-built dam. It has been shown that dams can have an effect on the migration of fish, leading to less reproduction. There are many small factors that can have

2256-455: Was started on 4 November 1991. The construction method chosen by Tarmac was to divert the River Tees around the barrage site to allow the barrage to be built "in the dry" and avoid the need for providing time-consuming and expensive cofferdams and jetties in the existing river. To prevent uplift of the dry river bed, deep pressure relief wells were required which needed to be fully functional until

2304-547: Was sunk at Cwmbach , Aberdare in 1840, opening further mines in both Aberdare and the Rhymney Valley in the following decades. Together with Thomas Prothero and John Latch he formed the first South Wales coal syndicate in 1833, the "Newport Coal Association". From the 1830s Powell began assembling his own shipping fleet, and also invested £20,000 in the Taff Vale Railway . By the 1840s Powell's mining interests were

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