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27-525: It was the second most visited national park in Colombia in 2022, with 545,760 visitors. The Tayrona National Park was created by the 191st Law of the Colombian Institute for Agrarian Reform (INCORA), in order to guarantee the protection of the region and the preservation of the ecological environment. The park has an area of 150 square kilometres (58 sq mi). It is located in the jurisdiction of

54-704: A combination of tropical weather, significant rainfall, and the destruction and misrepresentation of many records by Spanish conquistadors, our understanding of the peoples of this region is limited. The Tairona formed mid- to large-size population centers, consisting of stone pathways, terraces, protected waterways, and spaces dedicated to agricultural produce. Their economy was primarily agricultural, cultivating corn, pineapple, yucca, and other local foodstuffs. The Tayrona are considered quite advanced for their time period. Surviving archaeological sites consisted of formed terraces and small scale underground stone channels. They were known to actively collect and process salt, which

81-653: A conspiracy of some fifty men to murder de Bastidas. One night, while Bastidas was asleep, he was attacked and stabbed five times. He was able to cry out, and his men rushed to his aid. Although seriously wounded, he did not die immediately. Owing to a lack of adequate medical facilities in Santa Marta, Bastidas attempted to sail to Santo Domingo, but bad weather forced him to land in Cuba, where he died from his injuries. Later, his only son, Archbishop Rodrigo de Bastidas y Rodriguez de Romera , moved his remains to Santo Domingo where he

108-765: A significant event for South America as a whole. His villa known as La Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino is located just outside the city centre. As the main city centre is located close to the coast, the city itself has had difficulty controlling expansion. Although, technically a separate locality, Rodadero is part of Santa Marta itself. Santa Marta is the production location of the TV series The White Slave . [REDACTED] Media related to Santa Marta at Wikimedia Commons Rodrigo de Bastidas Rodrigo de Bastidas ( Spanish pronunciation: [roˈðɾiɣo ðe βasˈtiðas] ; Triana, Seville , Andalusia , c.  1465  – Santiago de Cuba , Cuba , 28 July 1527)

135-505: A substantial amount of gold. De Bastidas had a policy prohibiting his troops from brutally using the indigenous people or robbing them of their goods. His troops, many of whom had gone adventuring in the hopes of obtaining gold, asked de Bastidas for a share. He refused to share it with his men, saying that he needed it to help defray the costs of the colony. De Bastidas' refusal to share the gold that he had acquired greatly angered some of his men, among them his lieutenant Villafuerte, who led

162-801: Is located in the Cañaveral Site, near the mouth of the Piedras River. Other places which attract visitors are Los Naranjos Path, Castilletes Beach, The Pool, the Piedras River and the San Juan Out. The site of El Pueblito was a popular hike has been closed since 2019 due to the wishes of the indigenous residents. Tayrona has protected sites off the shoreline popular for recreational scuba diving . The sites feature shallow areas used for training as well as areas with currents and depth suitable for drift diving . Santa Marta Santa Marta ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˌsanta ˈmaɾta] ), officially

189-580: Is located on Santa Marta Bay of the Caribbean Sea in the province of Magdalena. It is 992 km from Bogotá and 93 km from Barranquilla. It is bordered to the north and west by the Caribbean and to the south by the municipalities of Aracataca and Ciénaga. Santa Marta experiences a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen Aw ), bordering on a hot semi-arid climate, with largely uniform temperatures year round. The dry season lasts from December to April, while

216-478: Is one of three national parks in the Colombian Caribbean with coral reefs on its territories, the other two being Old Providence McBean Lagoon and Rosario and San Bernardo Corals . There is archaeological evidence of ancient human settlements in the area of the park up until the 16th century. The place now has facilities for the eco-tourism, with paths suitable for walks. The Archaeologic Museum of Chairama

243-573: Is said he had slaves too. The following quote related to the founding of Santa Marta does not support this appellation: "I assure you that with the help of God I will enter powerfully against you, and I will make war on you in every place and in every way that I can, and I will subject you to the yoke and obedience of the church and their highnesses, and I will take your persons and your women and your children, and I will make them slaves, and as such I will sell them, and dispose of them as their highnesses command: I will take your goods, and I will do you all

270-578: The Distrito Turístico, Cultural e Histórico de Santa Marta (English: Historic, Cultural & Tourist District of Santa Marta ), is a port city on the coast of the Caribbean Sea in northern Colombia . It is the capital of Magdalena Department and the fourth-largest urban city of the Caribbean Region of Colombia , after Barranquilla , Cartagena , and Soledad . Founded on July 29, 1525, by

297-575: The Gulf of Urabá on the Colombian coast. He reached La Punta de Manzanillo on Panama 's upper Caribbean coast before having to abandon his effort. He is acknowledged to be the first European to have claimed that part of the isthmus, and therefore is credited with the discovery of Panama which includes the San Blas region of the indigenous Kuna . However, the poor condition of his ships, caused by shipworm that ate

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324-734: The New World in 1493, de Bastidas petitioned the Spanish Crown to start his own quest to be financed totally with his own money. In exchange for granting de Bastidas the right to explore various territories in the New World, the Crown required him to give them one fourth of the net profits he would acquire. The King and Queen issued a charter that is still preserved in the National Archives in Spain. He sailed to

351-628: The Santa Marta city, in the Department of Magdalena , along the north coast of Colombia which borders on the Caribbean Sea . Taganga is its most southern part; its western boundary goes toward the northeast following the coastline, including a kilometer of sea area, until the Piedras River . The boundary follows the left side of the river until the North Highway, and then toward the west, crossing

378-455: The montane solitary eagle , the military macaw , black-backed antshrike , white-bellied antbird and the lance-tailed manakin . There are also approximately 31 species of reptiles, 15 species of amphibians, 202 species of sponges , 471 species of crustaceans , 96 species of annelids , 700 species of molluscs, 110 species of corals and 401 species of sea and river fish. There are more than 350 algae and more than 770 species of plants. It

405-730: The New World from Cádiz in October 1500 with two ships; the San Antón and the Santa Maria de Gracia . He was accompanied on this voyage by Juan de la Cosa and Vasco Núñez de Balboa . At the South American coast he sailed westward from Cabo de la Vela , Colombia , in an attempt to explore the coastline of the Caribbean basin . He discovered the mouth of a river he named the Magdalena River and

432-514: The Spanish conqueror Rodrigo de Bastidas , it was one of the first Spanish settlements in Colombia, its oldest surviving city, and second oldest in South America . This city is situated on a bay by the same name and as such, it is a prime tourist destination in the Caribbean region. Before the arrival of Europeans, the South American continent was inhabited by a number of indigenous groups . Due to

459-431: The city of Santa Marta on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. He named the city Santa Marta because it was on Saint Martha's feast day (July 29) that the city was founded. De Bastidas has been called Spain's Noblest Conquistador because he had a policy of respect, humanity and friendship towards the native people; he maintained pacifistic relations with his neighbors, the native Taganga , Dorsino and Gaira , although it

486-436: The climate is tropical and hot, with agriculture requiring irrigation from streams that drain from the snowy peaks. Scholars have done an extensive classification of animal species living in the park, which include about 108 species of mammals and 300 species of birds. The Mantled howler , the oncilla , deer and more than 70 species of bats are among the park's typical residents. The park's 300 species of birds include

513-417: The evils and harms which I can, just as to vassals who do not obey and do not want to receive their lord, resist him and contradict him. And I declare that the deaths and harms which arise from this will be your fault, and not that of their highnesses, nor mine, nor of the gentlemen who have come with me here." On a trip to the interior and the territories of Bonda and Bondigua in present-day Colombia, he traded

540-500: The following places with clear demarcations in the terrain: It also crosses several creeks, like the Piedras River, Cañaveral, Santa Rosa, La Boquita, Cinto, and other water branches, including the Rodríguez and Gairaca creeks. Temperatures in the park and surrounding citites range from 27 to 35 °C (81 to 95 °F) at sea level. Rainfall in this region varies from nothing to around 975 millimetres (38 in) per month, but overall

567-458: The governorship of Trinidad was granted to de Bastidas, but this was opposed by Diego Columbus , the son of Christopher, and de Bastidas waived the grant. He received instead permission to exploit a region from Cabo de la Vela westward to the Magdalena River; however this expedition was delayed for several years. In 1524 he returned to the New World and accompanied by Juan de Céspedes founded

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594-412: The wet season lasts from May to November. Santa Marta's economy is based on tourism, trade, port activities, fishing and agriculture, in that order. The main agricultural products are: bananas , coffee , cocoa and cassava . Santa Marta is a major port. Simón Bolívar International Airport ( IATA : SMR ) is 16 km (10 mi) from the city centre. Historic figure Simón Bolívar died here,

621-472: The wooden hull, forced him to turn back and head to Santo Domingo to effect repairs. Despite repeated repairs, the ships eventually sank in port at Jacaragua , leaving most of the indigenous slaves to drown, while some gold and pearls were saved. De Bastidas was forced to return overland to Santo Domingo, trading trinkets for food and supplies with Taino natives along the way. On arrival in Santo Domingo he

648-540: Was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who mapped the northern coast of South America , discovered Panama , and founded the city of Santa Marta . Rodrigo de Bastidas was a well-to-do merchant and mariner from the town of Triana near Seville . Because of a mistake by historian Martín Fernández de Navarrete , Bastidas is still sometimes misrepresented as a notary. He was born around 1465 and married Isabel Rodríguez de Romera sometime before 1500. After sailing with Christopher Columbus during his second voyage to

675-403: Was a significant trading commodity. They traded with other indigenous groups along the coast and interior. Archaeological excavations have recovered significant works in pottery, stonework and gold. Simón Bolívar , the liberator of much of South America, spent his last weeks in Santa Marta, and died of tuberculosis in 1830, at the age of 47 at Quinta de San Pedro Alejandrino , Santa Marta. He

702-413: Was buried in the cathedral of Santa Marta, but subsequently his remains were moved to Caracas . The Universidad del Magdalena is located in Santa Marta. Santa Marta's flag consists of two colors: white and blue. White symbolises peace, in that all are united without restriction. Blue symbolises the sky, the sea, the magic found in the horizon, and the snow-capped Sierra Nevada mountains. Santa Marta

729-517: Was placed under arrest by Governor Francisco de Bobadilla , and sent back to Spain for allegedly trading with the indigenous people without permission. He was acquitted of these charges by the Spanish Crown, and rewarded with a pension. He returned to Santo Domingo with his family, and became "rich in cattle, at one time possessing 8000 head". In 1504 he undertook another expedition to Tierra Firme , raiding 600 slaves for sale in Hispaniola . In 1520

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