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30-605: The Caribbean region coast extends from the Gulf of Urabá to the Gulf of Venezuela . Straddling the coast are Colombia's two main Atlantic port cities of Barranquilla and Cartagena . The administration of the region is covered by eight department governments: Atlántico , Bolívar , Cesar , Sucre , Córdoba , Magdalena , La Guajira and San Andrés and Providencia . These eight departments also cover approximately 182 municipalities , 1,093 corregimientos and 493 caserios according to

60-836: A 54‑mile (87 km) link across the Darién Gap to complete the Pan-American Highway , that the Panama section of the highway be extended to the Caribbean coast and end at the Gulf of Urabá, then be connected by ferry to existing highways in Colombia. The area surrounding the gulf comprises a geopolitical subregion of Colombia known as Urabá Antioquia . 8°21′44″N 76°59′02″W  /  8.362334°N 76.983948°W  / 8.362334; -76.983948 This Colombian location article

90-402: A minimum of nine years to fifteen years on average and are free to determine if they want to continue with it beyond the training period. To become a Mamo, they stay in a cave for nine years while the elders teach them everything they need to know. They specialize in certain knowledge areas such as philosophy, sacerdotalism, medicine and practical community or individual counselors. Their influence

120-724: A mixture of European , mainly Spanish , the indigenous peoples and Afro-Colombian unlike the other regions, where predominantly White , Castizo and Mestizo of Colombia such as Andean Region and Orinoquia Region and black as is the case of the Pacific Region . During the 19th and 20th century, a wave of immigrants came from Europe and the Middle East , mostly from Lebanon , Italy , Spain , Germany , France , Ireland , Syria , Palestine . A second wave followed during World War II from other parts of Europe such as Lithuania , Russia , Ukraine , Poland , Austria , Hungary ,

150-569: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Arhuacos The Arhuaco are an indigenous people of Colombia . They are Chibchan -speaking people and descendants of the Tairona culture , concentrated in northern Colombia in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta . The Arhuaco are also known as the Aruaco, Bintucua, Bintuk, Bíntukua, Ica, Ijca, Ijka, Ika, and Ike people. The Arhuacos live in

180-605: Is a gulf on the northern coast of Colombia. It is part of the Caribbean Sea . It is a long, wide inlet located on the coast of Colombia , close to the connection of the continent to the Isthmus of Panama . The town of Turbo , Colombia, lies at the mid eastern side naturally sheltered by the Turbo Bay part of the Gulf. The Atrato River flows into the Gulf of Urabá. A study by Bio-Pacific has suggested, as an alternative to building

210-406: Is also prepared with the head of the tarpon, yuca , plantain , coconut milk , lime , and salt . The arepa is also a popular dish with numerous variations like arepa limpia (plain arepa), arepa e' queso (arepa with cheese) and arepa e'huevo (arepa with egg). Cazuela de mariscos , a seafood stew, is also a typical dish found in the region. Gulf of Urab%C3%A1 The Gulf of Urabá

240-593: Is believed to continue without being altered. This universal law Kunsamü is represented by a boy, Mamo Niankua . This law of nature is an explanation of the origins of matter and its evolution, equilibrium, preservation and harmony, that constitutes the fundamental objectives and the reason being of the Mamo ; the spiritual authority of the Arhuaco society. Each Mamo or Mamü is selected among different candidates, boys ranging eight to ten years old that will receive training for

270-464: Is decisive in their society. The Arhuacos are politically organized as the "Confederación Indígena Tayrona" (Indigenous Confederation Tayrona) or "CIT", which was founded in 1978. Their main goals include the preservation of their culture and traditional territory. In 1916 the Arhuacos asked the government of Colombia for teachers to learn to read and write and also learn about mathematics, but instead

300-531: Is practiced extensively in almost all the territory, in Córdoba, Sucre, Atlántico, Magdalena, Bolívar, Cesar and southern La Guajira. There is also a service industry and a local import-export industry, mainly in the ports of Cartagena, Barranquilla, and Santa Marta. Another major part of the economy is tourism, which concentrates also in Cartagena and Santa Marta along with San Andres and Providencia Islands. Like in

330-590: Is subsistence agriculture , which traditionally was practiced by every family in the community in their own parcel by their houses. Each family owned two houses, one in the high lands where the weather is cooler and another in the warmer, lower lands of the mountains. Nowadays they can only practice this on the higher lands due to expropriation of land during the Spanish colonization. In the higher lands, they cultivate potatoes , onions , cabbages , lettuce , blueberries , tamarilloes , pumpkins , garlic and wheat . In

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360-610: The mapalé . The Caribbean region has a rich tradition of myths and legends that include La Llorona , El Hombre Caimán , La Ciguapa , the Vallenato Legend , La Madre Monte , El Simborcito , la Mojana Legend , El Lucio , etc. [1] The most popular and known celebration in the Caribbean region is the Carnival of Barranquilla celebrated every year in February or March. The Miss Colombia Pageant i, Colombia|Cartagena]],

390-530: The Liga de Indios de la Serra Nevada (Sierra Nevada Amerindians League), but were outlawed later in 1956 by a military government. In 1962, the government imposed the construction of a communications tower for TV in Mount Alguacil, considered sacred by the Arhuacos. This outraged them because they believe mountain peaks to be sacred. The government also established a military post to intimidate them, and later ordered

420-781: The Vallenato Legend Festival in Valledupar , Feast of the Sea in Santa Marta and the Corralejas Festivities in Sincelejo . The typical food of the Caribbean region varies according to the geographical location in the sabanas the typical meal is the sancocho made with rabo (cow's tail) and accompanied with coconut rice . In the coast, the typical meal is fish, sometimes fried or sometimes cooked in coconut milk. A popular soup

450-459: The cumbia and vallenato however, there is a great musical influence from the rest of the Caribbean nations with Salsa , merengue , more recently reggaeton and many Afro-Caribbean rhythms. This influence also developed the Champeta which has similarities with reggaeton. Other genres include porro . Traditional dances are mostly of Afro-Colombian origin with the influence in cumbia and

480-451: The 2018 Census by DANE Colombia . Most of its inhabitants speak a dialect of Caribbean Spanish with variations within its subregions. Eight departments form the Caribbean region: Partial territory pertaining to: It is considered the only tri-racial region, giving it the status of the most diverse and mixed region in the country, as the predominant ethnic group in the region is the Pardo ,

510-716: The Netherlands , Romania , Belgium , Armenia , Croatia and Jews from other countries affected by the war. There were also important settlements of British , White Americans , and Canadians who founded dozens schools such as Marymount International School Barranquilla , Colegio Karl C. Parrish , Colegio Jorge Washington , Colegio Albania , Colegio Británico de Cartagena , Colegio Británico de Monteria , Altamira International School, British International School Barranquilla, Boston International School Barranquilla, American School Barranquilla, Bureche School of Santa Marta , and Cartagena International School among many others across

540-832: The construction of a highway from their territory to Valledupar. Ignoring the threats, the Arhuacos reestablished their league. In 1972 the Arhuacos created the cabildo Gobernador , a better structured and adequate organization to defend their values and land. On August 7, 1982, they rebelled against the Capuchins and took over the mission's buildings. The Capuchins finally left in 1983. In 1990, three Arhuaco indigenous leaders were kidnapped and murdered while travelling by bus to Bogota to register an official complaint about human rights violations by security forces against indigenous people in Santa Marta. In 2012 an Arhuaco leader, Rogelio Mejía, narrowly escaped an assassination attempt when his car

570-520: The country, but shared with Venezuela , baseball is an important sport in the region, although its popularity has been fading in the last few years. Nevertheless, the region has produced major league players like Édgar Rentería and Orlando Cabrera . The region also is known for its love of combat sports. Boxing is a popular sport in certain zones and the region had produced many world champions, such as Antonio Cervantes , Rodrigo Valdéz , and Miguel "Happy" Lora . The most popular local rhythms are

600-573: The government sent Capuchin Friars . The Friars prohibited the children from learning about their culture, and put them aside in an orphanage. They also established forced labor, ignoring the Arhuacos' plea to leave them alone. In 1943, politicians from Valledupar , missionaries and the Ministry of Agriculture, expropriated without compensation the best terrains of Nabusimake and built a State-owned, agricultural farm. The Arhuacos fought back and in 1944 created

630-428: The high lands. They also raise chickens , cattle , sheep and goats . Men produce entirely the traditional clothing, but nowadays they also use modern clothing. The Arhuacos are profoundly spiritual and follow their own unique philosophy that tends to globalize their surroundings. They believe in a creator or "father" named Kakü Serankua , who engendered the first gods and material living things, other "fathers" like

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660-486: The lower parts by the steps of the mountains, lost to colonization and farming. The Arhuacos are distributed into 22 sections. pingumu, Buyuaguenka, and Simonorwa. The population is dispersed, but gets together in these towns for reunions and ceremonies, with Nabusimake being the most important of them and with a special significance: it's composed of fifty squared shaped houses and circular temples named Kankurwa , for men and women. The Arhuacos' main economic activity

690-494: The mid-lands; corn , beans , yuca , arracacha , malanga , coca , cotton , pineapple , papaya , guava , passion fruit , sweet granadilla , oranges and limes . Coffee is cultivated for commercial purposes only along with Arhuaca mochilas (handmade bags, fashionable among both males and females in Bogota and other major Colombian cities), and other arts and crafts to exchange in the lower lands for products they don't get in

720-603: The region. Most of the immigrants settled in the main urban centers or trade port towns such as in Barranquilla , Santa Marta , Cartagena , Monteria , Sincelejo , Santa Cruz de Mompox , Santa Cruz de Lorica , El Banco , etc. The two most populous indigenous ethnic groups are the wayuu in the Guajira Peninsula and the Arhuacos , Koguis and Arsarios . Black population is mostly concentrated near Cartagena predominantly in

750-424: The rest of Colombia, football is by far the most popular sport in the zone, with teams like Junior Barranquilla , Jaguares de Córdoba , Real Cartagena and Unión Magdalena competing in the first and second divisions of the country. The Caribbean region has been the home of successful football players, many of them world famous like Carlos Valderrama , Radamel Falcao and Carlos Bacca . Unlike in rest of

780-431: The sun and the snowy peaks and other "mothers" like the earth and the moon. They consider the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta to be the heart of the world, and believe that the well-being of the rest of the world depends on it. Nature and society as a unity are ruled by a single sacred law, immutable, pre-existent, primitive and survivor to everyone and everything. The material world can exist or cease to exist but this law

810-488: The town of San Basilio de Palenque , which was proclaimed Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO for preserving its African heritage. The economy of the Caribbean region is based mainly in the exploitation of natural resources such as coal and natural gas, salt, agricultural products mainly bananas, coffee and oil palm , cotton , tropical fruits among many other products, livestock raising which

840-597: The traditional, non-commercial Coca planting, the drug dealers produced Cocaine through chemical processes. The money later attracted the Colombian Armed Conflict , and conflict among the different factions: mainly guerrillas and paramilitaries, who competed for the control of the area, and indiscriminately accused the Arhuacos and others of being collaborators of the rival party, assassinating and intimidating them, forcing many to leave. The government also started fumigations to eradicate illicit plantations, leaving

870-526: The upper valleys of the Piedras River , San Sebastian River , Chichicua River , Ariguani River , and Guatapuri River , in an indigenous territory in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Mountains. Their traditional territory before the Spanish colonization was larger than today's boundaries which exclude many of their sacred sites that they continue to visit today, to pay offerings. These lost territories are

900-532: Was stopped at a roadblock by a group of armed men and riddled with bullets. In 1975, Colombians started cultivating marijuana in the Sierra Nevada. This brought more problems to the community, like forced recruitment for plantations, assimilation of the drug dealers' culture by some, and violence. Many poor peasants from other regions of Colombia came to work in the Marijuana bonanza of the 1980s. Different from

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