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105-612: Sly and Robbie were a prolific Jamaican rhythm section and production duo, associated primarily with the reggae and dub genres. Drummer Sly Dunbar and bassist Robbie Shakespeare teamed up in the mid-1970s after establishing themselves separately in Jamaica as professional musicians. Shakespeare died in December 2021 following kidney surgery. Sly Dunbar , then drumming for Skin Flesh and Bones, and Robbie Shakespeare, playing bass and guitar with

210-479: A bass line and chord voicings , respectively, that suit the style of the song. In each style of music, there are different musical approaches and styles that rhythm section members are expected to use. For example, in a country music song the guitarist will be expected to be able to perform a chord progression using an intricate fingerpicking style; in a heavy metal song, the guitarist will be expected to play power chords and complex, precise rhythmic patterns; in

315-421: A bassline . The types of basslines performed by the bass guitarist vary widely from one style of music to another. Despite all of the differences in the styles of bassline in most styles of popular music, the bass guitarist fulfills a similar role: anchoring the harmonic framework (often by emphasizing the roots of the chord progression) and laying down the beat (in collaboration with the drummer). The importance of

420-608: A double bass , an acoustic bass guitar , or an electric bass guitar (depending on the style of music), and drums (usually acoustic, but in some post-1980s styles, the drums may be electronic drums ). In some styles of music, there may be additional percussionists playing instruments such as the djembe or shakers . Some styles of music often have two electric guitarists, such as rock genres like heavy metal music and punk rock . Some styles of music use multiple keyboard instrument performers simultaneously (e.g., piano and Hammond organ or electric piano and synthesizer ) for

525-422: A jazz song, a guitarist will be expected to be able to play "jazz voicings" of the chords, which emphasize the third, seventh and often the sixth or ninth chord tones (this contrasts with the barre chord voicings used in pop and rock, which emphasize the root3e, fifth, and to a lesser degree, the third of the chord). Drummers and percussionists are expected to be able to improvise or prepare rhythm parts that suit

630-521: A keyboard bass to play the bass lines. Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger , and drummer John Densmore would act as an organ trio with the addition of singer Jim Morrison . New Orleans or Dixieland jazz bands occasionally use tuba , sousaphone, or bass saxophone in place of the double bass that was common in 1920s-era jazz bands. This tradition developed from the origins of New Orleans music in marching bands, which used instruments that could be carried on harnesses or with straps. Marching bands use

735-536: A ska hit by the Folkes Brothers , which appeared in the film Sliver . The same year, Shaggy appeared on Kenny Dope 's hip hop album The Unreleased Project . He worked together with producers such as Sting International , Don One, Lloyd 'Spiderman' Campbell, Robert Livingston and Frankie Cutlass on the Maxi-Single title "Nice and Lovely" Hip Hop Remix. He had further big hits, including " Boombastic " in 1995,

840-580: A Bit@h") that also saw chart action. Hot Shot debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , and would go on to be certified 8x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), as well as achieving platinum or multi-platinum status in a number of other countries, and ranking as the second most successful album of 2001 on the Billboard Year-End charts. In 2001 Shaggy

945-517: A Field Artillery Battery in the 10th Marine Regiment during the Persian Gulf War . Discharged on May 4, 1992, the highest rank he achieved was lance corporal, although he was reduced in rank twice. Burrell perfected his signature " toasting " voice while he was in the Marine Corps. Shaggy decided to pursue his music career and his first hit in 1993, " Oh Carolina ", was a dancehall re-make of

1050-409: A drummer. In bluegrass bands, the timekeeping role is shared between several instruments: the upright bass generally plays the on-beats while the mandolin plays chop chords on the off-beats, with the banjo also keeping a steady eighth note rhythm. This distributed nature allows for rhythmic continuity while players take turns highlighting the melody. In funk-oriented groups that do not have a drummer,

1155-423: A full rhythm section. A jazz pianist accompanying a singer in a duo needs to play a deep bassline , chords , and fill-in melody lines while the singer is performing. The pianist often improvises an instrumental solo in between vocal melodies. Rarely, a jazz vocalist may perform in a duo with a double bass player. In this duo setting, the bass player may have to use less commonly-used bass techniques to fill out

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1260-416: A fuller sound. A rhythm section could be as small as two or three instruments (e.g., a guitarist and a bassist or a power trio of bass, drums and guitar) or it may be a fairly large ensemble with several keyboardists, several guitarists, auxiliary string players ( mandolin , ukulele , etc.), a drummer and percussionists. The largest rhythm sections may be led by a bandleader or a conductor who indicates

1365-415: A group of auxiliary percussionists (congas, shakers, etc.) to fill out (or "sweeten") the sound. Some rhythm sections combine electronic/digital instruments that are sequenced, pre-recorded backup tracks and live instruments (including electric, electronic and acoustic instruments). The drums and bass both supply a rhythmic pulse for the music, and the bass instrument supplies a harmonic foundation with

1470-493: A mainstream hit, whose music video was played on MTV frequently. The animated video depicted Sly and Robbie in battlesuits chasing a harlequin through a technological complex. As the video progresses, the harlequin turns out to be a marionette directed by the real villain. The early scene involving the Harlequin marionette bears at least a passing resemblance to Sven Väth 's 1994 animated cult-video "Harlequin". "Superthruster"

1575-462: A mixture of brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments, because all of these instruments can be played while marching. Not all rhythm sections follow the standard model of drummer-bassist-chordal instrument. Some bands have no drummer. In bands without a drummer, one or more instruments from the rhythm section often play in styles that replace the drum kit role—that is laying down the beat and backbeat . Traditional bluegrass bands typically do not have

1680-581: A music video filmed in New York City. In February 2012, he re-released his EP, Summer in Kingston , in the form of the Lava Edition , containing two new tracks, one of which was taken from his upcoming Sly & Robbie & Shaggy project, plus a remix of the track "Dame" featuring Kat Deluna. On April 5, 2012, Shaggy released the lead single from his eleventh studio album, Rise . The track, "World Citizen",

1785-412: A pianist, guitarist, etc.). The term rhythm section may also refer to the instruments in this group (named collectively the "rhythm section instruments"). Klezmer bands rarely have percussion, but rely heavily on a bass instrument, often brass, and a piano or accordion. Traditional dance music bands from Central and Eastern Europe often build their rhythm section around a double bass and viola -

1890-557: A previous relationship. His son Richard O'Neil Burrell is an American rapper known as Robb Banks . In 2022, he received an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from Brown University. Shaggy started his philanthropy with a project called Shaggy and Friends, in 2016, donating more than US$ 1 million, to the Bustamante Children's Hospital in Jamaica. Along with financial assistance to the hospital, he has donated hospital equipment and machinery. He also did his first collaboration in

1995-455: A prominent placement in the mix; as well, the drummer may be often given prominent solo breaks, fills, or introductions that put the spotlight on their technical skills and musicality. In the more experimental forms of free jazz and jazz fusion, the drummer may not play the strict "timekeeping" role that is associated with drums in pop music. Instead, the drums may be used more to create textured polyrhythmic soundscapes. In this type of situation,

2100-536: A quartet of electric guitar , piano , double bass , and drums ; a noted example is that of the Count Basie Orchestra with Freddie Green , the Count , Walter Page , and Jo Jones . Earlier jazz bands had used banjo in place of guitar, and other bass instruments such as the tuba for recording purposes prior to the advent of microphone technology in studios. As bebop evolved, smaller jazz groups dropped

2205-402: A rhythm section of a synth bass , electronic drums (or drum machine ) and various synthesizer keyboards. In some 1980s and 1990s bands, live human rhythm sections were sometimes replaced by sequenced MIDI synthesizer rhythm tracks made in the studio. In the 1980s and 1990s, the roots rock scene went in the opposite direction from dance pop; roots rock favoured traditional instruments in

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2310-505: Is a Jamaican-American reggae musician who scored hits with the songs " It Wasn't Me ", " Boombastic ", " In the Summertime ", " Oh Carolina ", and " Angel ". He has been nominated for seven Grammy Awards , winning twice for Best Reggae Album with Boombastic in 1996 and 44/876 with Sting in 2019, and has won the Brit Award for International Male Solo Artist in 2002. In 2007, he

2415-585: Is a collaboration with European folk singer Jahcoustix, and was a hit all over Europe. Shaggy launched his own label, Ranch Entertainment, on June 4, 2012, at a press launch in New York City. He was joined by label mates Rayvon and Red Fox for the launch, which was publicized by Manhattan-based PR firm, Fox Fuse and publicist Rhona Fox . Ranch Entertainment is based in New York and Jamaica. On August 24, Shaggy released his new single, " Girls Just Wanna Have Fun ", featuring American female rapper Eve . The song samples

2520-534: Is working on a new studio album, where all of the tracks will be produced by production duo Sly and Robbie . A taster track from the album, "Make Up", featuring Wayne Wonder , was released in July 2012, while one of the tracks, "She Gives Me Love", was released early on the Lava edition of Summer in Kingston . In December 2012, Shaggy confirmed that the album would be released in the summer of 2013. On May 14, 2013, Shaggy released

2625-485: The Billboard Hot 100 , as well as charting in several international territories. Shaggy then featured on the track " Black and White ", from Kylie Minogue and Fernando Garibay 's EP, Kylie + Garibay . Also in 2015, Shaggy was featured on Farruko 's "Sunset" alongside Nicky Jam . In 2016, he collaborated with French singer Mylène Farmer on "City of Love". January 2018 saw the release of "Don't Make Me Wait",

2730-569: The Daily Star in an interview that some of Rihanna's representatives had reached out to him to collaborate on a song for her ninth album. However, he turned down the opportunity because he was asked to audition, saying that he would "leave that to the younger guys". Shaggy later stated in another interview that he meant no offence by his remarks. Despite passing on the project, he seemed optimistic about how it would turn out, saying: "From what I hear, it should be good." In April 2020, Shaggy celebrated

2835-458: The Beatles were referred to as the band's rhythm section. In the 1970s, chordal instruments such as the electric and/or acoustic guitar and various keyboards (piano, electric piano , Hammond organ , clavinet ) continued to be used to augment the bass and drums in soul , funk , and reggae groups. The sound of late 1960s and 1970s rhythm sections was often given a unique tone and sound due to

2940-682: The Dar es Salaam festival, to mark the Zain Global Brand launch in Tanzania. The concert was held at the Leaders Club. In December 2008, Intoxication was nominated for Best Reggae Album at the 51st Grammy Awards . In May 2009, Shaggy performed at the closing ceremony of the 2009 IPL tournament held in South Africa. He also performed at the opening ceremony of the inaugural Champions League Twenty20 in

3045-425: The E Street Band and Sly Dunbar and Robbie Shakespeare (the latter in reggae ). In some popular bands, all of the band members, including rhythm section members, have become famous as individuals (e.g., the rhythm section members of The Beatles , The Rolling Stones , The Who , etc.). In almost all genres of popular music and traditional music that use rhythm sections, ranging from rock to country to jazz,

3150-530: The Grammy Award in 2004 for Best Reggae Album, and showcased many notable musicians including Willie Nelson , Eric Clapton , Jeff Beck , Trey Anastasio , Gwen Stefani / No Doubt , Ben Harper , Bonnie Raitt , Manu Chao , The Roots , Ryan Adams , Keith Richards , Toots Hibbert , Paul Douglas , Jackie Jackson, Ken Boothe , and The Skatalites . Following the release of Clothes Drop , Shaggy began to increase his number of live performances. In 2006, he

3255-405: The chord progression upon which the song is based. The bass instrument (either double bass , or electric bass guitar , or another low-register instrument such as the synth bass , depending on the group and its style of music) plays the low-pitched bassline . The bassline is a musical part that supports the chord progression , typically by playing a musically interesting bassline that outlines

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3360-467: The tempo of each song, starts each song, leads slow-downs of the music at cadences (sections of songs where the music comes to rest on a chord), and indicates when to change soloists and how and when the song will end. The instrumentalists used in a rhythm section vary according to the style of music and era. Modern pop, rock and jazz band rhythm sections typically consist of a drummer, a bass player, and one or more players of chordal instruments (e.g.,

3465-463: The 1950s, some jazz bandleaders began to replace the double bass with the then-newly invented electric bass. However, the electric bass made a big impact on jazz in the 1970s, with the advent of jazz rock and jazz fusion . The electric bass was much easier to amplify to stadium-filling volumes using large bass speaker cabinets and amplifiers than an upright bass. The electric bass also began to be used as an expressive solo instrument, as exemplified by

3570-515: The 1980s, the first widely-affordable digital synthesizer , Yamaha 's DX7 , was released. The distinctive FM synthesis tone of the DX7 is a key part of the sound of many 1980s pop and dance singles. As electronic effects became more sophisticated, with the development of digital signal processing , during the 1980s, there was some crossover between the roles played by electronic keyboards and electric guitar. Even though electronic keyboards or organs were

3675-406: The 20th anniversary of his 2000 album Hot Shot by announcing an updated version of the album, called Hot Shot 2020 . " It Wasn't Me " returned as the first single on the updated album with Rayvon . His original collaborator on the song, Rikrok , does not appear on the new version. Shaggy, Spice and Sean Paul performed "Go Down Deh" on Good Morning America on June 11, 2021. Their performance

3780-510: The Aggrovators, discovered they had the same ideas about music in general (both are fans of Motown , Stax Records , the Philly Sound , and country music , in addition to Jamaican record labels Studio One and Treasure Isle), and reggae production in particular. Speaking on his influences, Sly explains “My mentor was the drummer for The Skatalites , Lloyd Knibb . And I used to listen a lot to

3885-667: The Balkan group Sahara (consisting of the Romanian singer Costi Ioniţă and the Bulgarian singer Andrea ) and French House DJ Bob Sinclar on a track entitled "I Wanna" was a commercial success, released as a single in March 2010 throughout Europe. Shaggy later performed the track several times during Miami's Winter Music Conference in April 2010. In May 2010 he once again performed before cricket audiences at

3990-591: The Festival Creole, a festival held every year from November 28 to December 6 in Mauritius. In January 2010, "Rise Again", a track featuring Sean Paul , Sean Kingston , Alison Hinds , Shontelle Layne , Edwin Yearwood, Destra Garcia , David Rudder , Kees Dieffenthaller, Tessanne Chin , Etana and Belo was released to support victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake that struck on January 12. Shaggy's collaboration with

4095-636: The ICC T20 World Championships, also providing between play performances. On July 17, 2010, he performed at the Party FM Meja Jam Concert in Country Fair Entertainment Park, Medford, New York . Later that month, he recorded the song "Target" with Japanese reggae singer lecca , which was released on her album, パワーバタフライ ( Power Butterfly ). Shaggy also released "For Your Eyez Only", which topped reggae charts across

4200-461: The RIAA, it was considered a sales disappointment in contrast to those of Hot Shot . MCA, who had been banking on the album's success to get the label through a poor financial year, subsequently went under, and was absorbed into sister label Geffen Records in July 2003. Shaggy's only album on Geffen, 2005's Clothes Drop , was even less of a success, only selling 40,000 copies, and he parted ways with

4305-1088: The Revolutionaries, to produce Horace Andy's new album Livin' It Up and produced several hits for Cherine Anderson . In 2007, they collaborated with the Italian rapper Jovanotti on the album Safari . They also produced tracks for Paul McCartney and Britney Spears . Sly and Robbie collaborated with the Ecuadorian singer-songwriter Cecilia Villar Eljuri, on several occasions; on her song "El Aire" from her 2008 album En Paz , in 2012 on her song "Empuja" from Fuerte and in 2016 on her song "Quiero Saber" from La Lucha . Sung in Spanish, these songs quickly charted on Worldbeat and Latin Alternative international radio. Sly and Robbie worked on Brazilian singer-songwriter Vanessa da Mata 's third album Sim , bringing their own feel to several tracks. Partially recorded in Kingston, Jamaica, Sim

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4410-477: The TAXI Gang, and in 2012, planned a Jamaican Legends tour throughout Europe, with jazz pianist Monty Alexander and guitarist Ernest Ranglin . They have produced several new Jamaican artists for their Taxi label, as well as such as Elephant Man and Buju Banton , for whom they re-used their 1982 instrumental song "Unmetered Taxi" for the number one hit "Driver A". In 2006, they recorded with their original group,

4515-423: The album was released digitally on January 19, 2011. Titled Shaggy & Friends , the album featured many collaborations, including songs with his long-time collaborators Rikrok and Rayvon . A physical release of the album followed. On July 16, 2011, he launched the album Summer in Kingston which contained his single "Sugarcane". The album was launched at a free party in Kingston, Jamaica, where he released

4620-589: The appropriate chord voicing. Rhythm section members may be expected to sing backup vocals or harmony parts in some styles of music. In some styles of music, notably 2010s-era pop, hip hop music and funk, rhythm section members may be required to perform a rhythmic dance routine, which may range from a simple body movement to a complex dance choreography that requires significant dance skills. In some types of heavy metal music , rhythm section members (guitar, bass, drums) may be expected to be able to "headbang" (move their head in an up and down fashion in time with

4725-431: The barest, stripped-down size of the " power trio " (guitarist, bassist, and drummer) and the organ trio (Hammond organist, drummer, and a third instrument) to large rhythm sections with several stringed instrument players (mandolin, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, etc.), multiple keyboard players (e.g., piano, Hammond organ, electric piano, synth), two instruments playing a bass role (e.g., bass guitar and synth bass) and

4830-406: The bass guitarist and the bass line varies in different styles of music. In some pop styles, such as 1980s-era pop and musical theater, the bass sometimes plays a relatively simple part, and the music forefronts the vocals and melody instruments. In contrast, in reggae or funk, entire songs may be centered around the bass groove, and the bassline is very prominent in the mix. Similarly, the role of

4935-426: The beat) while performing. Less commonly, some rhythm section members may sing lead vocals (e.g., Phil Collins or Sting ). In some groups, one rhythm section member may have other roles, such as bandleader (e.g., jazz bassist Charles Mingus ), conductor (often the case in 2010s-era musical theatre shows), songwriter , composer or arranger . In the case of swing bands , the classic rhythm section comprises

5040-444: The cymbals and/or the snare drum. The venue informs musicians about which instruments are supplied as the backline for a specific concert or stage and in many cases, the contract signed by the band and the venue/promoter contains an explicit list of the backline gear that will be on stage, even specifying brand names and model numbers. In modern rock music, a rhythm guitarist specializes in rhythmic and chordal playing (as opposed to

5145-460: The drummer for Booker T. & the M.G.'s , Al Jackson Jr. , and a lot of Philadelphia. And there are other drummers in Jamaica, like Santa and Carly from The Wailers Band , Winston Bennett, Paul Douglas , Mikey Boo. I respect all these drummers and have learnt a lot from them. From them, I listened and created my own style. They played some things I copied, other things I recreated.” Sly and Robbie first worked together with The Revolutionaries for

5250-400: The drummer varies a great deal from one style of music to another. In some types of music, such as traditional 1950s-style country music, the drummer has a rudimentary "timekeeping" role, and the drums are placed low in the mix by the sound engineers. In styles such as progressive rock , metal , and jazz fusion , the drummers often perform complex, challenging parts, and the drums may be given

5355-525: The duo received the Gold Musgrave Medal in recognition of their contribution to music. In 2019, they collaborated with the reggae group Roots Radics on the album The Final Battle: Roots Radics vs. Sy & Robbie , produced by Hernan "Don Camel" Sforzini. The album was nominated for a Grammy. Sly and Robbie appeared in the 2011 documentary Reggae Got Soul: The Story of Toots and the Maytals which

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5460-410: The electric bass player may take over some of the drummer's role by using slap bass. With slap bass, the bassist slaps the low strings to create a strong "thump" (similar to the bass drum's role) and "snaps" or "pops" the high strings to create a percussive effect (the latter takes over some of the role played by the hi-hat cymbals). In some bands, there may be no bass player—the basslines may be played by

5565-517: The era, and used banks of speakers and powerful amplifiers to create a massive sound large enough for stadium concerts. In the later 1980s and subsequent decades, jazz fusion bands such as the Chick Corea Elektric Band used synthesizers in the rhythm section, both for chordal accompaniment and for synth bass parts. R&B and rock and roll groups in the 1950s emphasized rhythm, so their backup bands generally consisted only of

5670-733: The fall of 2005 they were on the road with Sinéad O'Connor . in August 2006, they appeared with Don Carlos at the Reggae on the River festival, and in August 2007 they performed on a tour of the Western United States and Canada along with dancehall-soul singer and actress Cherine Anderson , including headlining Reggae Rising in Humboldt County and the Hollywood Bowl . They toured with Bitty McLean,

5775-402: The first single from a collaboration album with Sting , who invited him to tour along. The album, titled 44/876 , was released on April 20, 2018. In March 2018, the single "Why", featuring Massari, was released. In November 2018, Shaggy featured on the title track of Olly Murs ' sixth album You Know I Know . In May 2019, Shaggy's album Wah Gwaan?! was released. In August 2019, it

5880-524: The guitar, and many free jazz ensembles dropped the piano as well. Auxiliary percussion such as claves , bongos or maracas can also be used, especially in music influenced by strains from Latin America such as salsa and samba . In theory any instrument or instruments can provide a steady rhythm: for example, in the trio led by Jimmy Giuffre the late 1950s, the clarinet , valve trombone and guitar all switched between lead and supporting roles. In

5985-549: The hit version of " Cecilia " featuring Louchie Lou & Michie One which sold over 500,000 copies in the UK alone and reached number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. After 35 years together, they still toured and recorded in the 2000s, until Shakespeare's death in 2021. In early 2005, they toured with Tony Rebel and Half Pint . During the summer of 2005, they toured Europe and the UK with Bunny Rugs , lead singer for Third World. During

6090-648: The homonymous 1983 hit song by Cyndi Lauper , written by Robert Hazard in 1979 and recorded and released by Lauper in 1983. The video for the song was directed by Ras Kassa and released on YouTube on June 14, 2012. On September 28, Shaggy released Rise across Europe. The album contains nine of the ten tracks from Summer in Kingston , as well as new tracks "Rise", "Girls Just Wanna Have Fun" (the second single), "Diva", "World Citizen" (the first single) and "Get Back My Baby", as well as his single from three years previously, "Fly High". Shaggy confirmed in January 2012 that he

6195-509: The important notes of the harmony, often by emphasizing the root, fifth, and third of each chord. The term is common in modern small musical ensembles , such as bands that play jazz , country , blues , and rock . Orchestras that play popular music , film soundtracks (often called a "pops orchestra"), or musical theatre orchestras may also feature a rhythm section (at a minimum drum kit and electric bass/amplified double bass, but possibly including keyboards and guitar) that performs with

6300-568: The label the following year. Despite this, both albums were more successful internationally. Lucky Day was more successful in Europe, especially with heavy airplay for the single " Hey Sexy Lady ". Shaggy re-made the Scooby-Doo theme song on the soundtrack titled "Shaggy, Where Are You?" Shaggy also recorded the theme for the 2002 movie Showtime . Shaggy's last top 40 single in the United States

6405-461: The larger ensemble. The rhythm section provides a rock or pop feel and sounds that would be difficult to recreate with orchestral instruments. A typical rhythm section comprises one or more guitars (either electric guitars , in rock music bands; acoustic guitars , in country music , folk music and blues or both electric and acoustic in some bands); and/or a keyboard instrument ( piano , electric piano , Hammond organ , synthesizer , etc.)

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6510-545: The late 1990s and early 2000s, fusing dancehall and Latin music sounds (La Trenggae) or dancehall and hip hop / R&B (their 2004 'Big Up' riddim). They had a second UK top 40 hit in 1997, collaborating with Simply Red on a cover of Gregory Isaacs ' " Night Nurse ", reaching number 13. In 1999, their Strip to the Bone album paired them with Scottish electro producer Howie B , and together they explored new dub territories. Their 1999 single "Superthruster" from this album became

6615-586: The latter of which was built around two song samples – Chip Taylor 's song " Angel of the Morning " (which released by Merrilee Rush in 1968 and covered in 1981 by Juice Newton ), and The Steve Miller Band 's 1973 hit " The Joker ". Both songs topped the Billboard Hot 100 and saw similar success worldwide, reaching number one in the UK , Ireland , Scotland and France , among others. Female artist Lady Saw (aka Marion Hall) did an answer record to It Wasn't Me ("Son of

6720-521: The lead single from the album, entitled "Fight This Feeling", featuring Beres Hammond . Shaggy started the year with his first live presentation in Costa Rica on January 20. Shaggy is credited for persuading Tessanne Chin to compete in NBC 's singing competition The Voice , which she ultimately won. In 2015, his single " Habibi (I Need Your Love) ", featuring Mohombi , Faydee and Costi peaked at 66 on

6825-466: The lead vocalist starts to sing). Since rhythm sections generally provide the background music for lead instruments and solo singers, rhythm sections are typically not as prominent as a singer or soloist. However, since rhythm sections provide the underpinning for a good performance by the lead instruments and vocalists, good rhythm sections are valued in the music industry . Some of the most accomplished rhythm sections have become famous, such as The Band ,

6930-474: The lower octaves of a Hammond organ or electronic keyboard are used as a substitute for bass guitar or double bass. The organist can play the bassline using the bass pedal keyboard or using the lower manual. As well, the organist could play right-hand chords and melodies. Organ trios were a widely used type of jazz ensemble in the 1950s and 1960s to play hard bop . Organ trios are sometimes used in rock as well. The Doors ' keyboardist Ray Manzarek used

7035-471: The main pulse is often provided by the bass player rather than the drummer. The rhythm section members sometimes break out of their accompaniment role when they are asked to perform keyboard solos, bass breaks , or drum solos. In genres such as progressive rock , art rock , or progressive metal , the rhythm section members may play complicated parts along with the lead guitar (or vocalist) and perform extended solos. In jazz groups and jazz fusion bands,

7140-466: The melodic guitar solos and lead melody lines played by the lead guitar ), often repeating quaver (eighth-note), half note or whole note chords . In the louder genres, such as hard rock , heavy metal , and punk rock , rhythm guitarists often play power chords with distortion . Rhythm guitarists often strum open chords in pop, rock, country, and folk music and play barre chords in many pop and rock styles. Although rhythm sections spend much of

7245-450: The musician designated with the German term "Bratscher". In music industry parlance, the amplifiers and some of the instruments are nicknamed the " backline ." Backline instruments are commonly provided for bands at music festivals and other concerts where several bands will play during an event. By providing these backline instruments, the changeover process is quickened when new bands take

7350-467: The newly created Channel One studio and label, operated by the Hoo Kim brothers . According to The Independent , their breakthrough album was The Mighty Diamonds ' 1976 release Right Time , which helped to establish them as the "masters of groove and propulsion." The drum beat on the title song was particularly tricky; in 2001 Dunbar recalled, "When that tune first come out, because of that double tap on

7455-676: The official anthem for the Mascots ( Trix and Flix ) of the Euro 2008 football tournament held in Austria and Switzerland. The song, "Feel the Rush", topped charts in most of Europe. In June 2008, a live DVD of his concert material was released under the name Shaggy – Live . In July 2008, he appeared on VH1 's "I Love the New Millennium", talking about his video "It Wasn't Me". In August 2008, he performed live at

7560-562: The opening ceremony of the tournament, held at The Greenfield Stadium, Trelawny , Jamaica. Later that year, he left Universal Music and released his latest album, Intoxication under his own label, Big Yard Records, with distribution rights by VP Records . In August 2007, he joined Cyndi Lauper live on stage in Singapore for the Sonnet Music Festival, where they performed " Girls Just Want to Have Fun " together. In October 2007, he

7665-461: The other) to create a shimmering, sustained "pad" for the group. These arpeggio pads created a sustained sound that was similar to the sound of an electronic keyboard. By the late 1980s, the price of digital effects pedals dropped, making these effects units available to the general public. During the 1980s era, rhythm sections in some styles of pop took an increasing turn towards electronic instruments . A 1980s-era dance pop band might be backed up by

7770-453: The performances of Jaco Pastorius and Stanley Clarke . In the 1970s, the main chordal rhythm instruments were often electric instruments such as the Rhodes electric piano or electric clavinet, often run through effects units such as fuzz, phasers, or wah-wah pedals and amplified through loud keyboard amplifiers . The jazz fusion rhythm section followed the lead of the rock rhythm sections of

7875-424: The piano player, synth player, or guitarist. Using a guitar player to provide basslines is particularly effective if a guitar player has a seven-string guitar with a low "B" string. Some jazz duos consist of a singer accompanied by a single piano player. In these duos, the jazz piano player has a challenging task; they have to provide all of the rhythmic and harmonic foundation that would normally be provided by

7980-490: The rhythm section members are expected to be able to improvise (make up) their parts or prepare their own parts for a given song by listening to the CD at home. Once the bassist and chord-playing instruments are provided with the chord progression on a lead sheet (in which chords are typically named using the root note of the chord and its quality; e.g., C Major, d minor, G7, etc.), they are expected to be able to improvise or prepare

8085-434: The rhythm section members are often called on to perform improvised solos. In jazz, the drummer may "trade" short solo sections with a saxophone player or trumpet player; this practice, nicknamed "trading fours", typically involves the drummer and the horn player alternating four bar solo sections during a jazz tune. They can also trade eights, twos, ones, or other numbers depending on the musical context. In organ trios ,

8190-430: The rhythm section such as acoustic piano, acoustic guitar, mandolin , pedal steel guitar , acoustic bass guitar and upright bass . Another 1980s-era trend that helped revive interest in acoustic instruments was the " MTV Unplugged " style of performances, in which a rock band performs with acoustic instruments, including acoustic guitars and an acoustic bass guitar . In rock and pop, rhythm sections range in size from

8295-444: The rim nobody believe it was me on the drums, they thought it was some sort of sound effect we was using. Then when it go to number 1 and stay there, everybody started trying for that style and it soon become establish." In 1976, they introduced a harder beat called "Rockers", which quickly replaced the then-prevalent " One Drop " style, then introduced the "Rub a Dub" sound in the early 1980s. Sly and Robbie were important in developing

8400-612: The same month, held in Bangalore , India. In August 2009, he performed live at the Ottawa Reggae Festival in Ottawa, Ontario , Canada. Here he revealed plans for a new single, "Fading Away", which featured Kevin Rudolf and Lil Jon . He later cancelled this release in favour of "Fly High", a track featuring Gary Pine , which was released on December 5. Shaggy was also invited to perform at

8505-530: The sound, such as occasionally playing two or three-note double stops (to recreate the chord-playing role normally filled by a guitar or piano) or using percussive slaps on the fingerboard (to recreate some of the percussive elements provided by a drummer). The Canadian bassist Michel Donato has performed in a duo with singer Karen Young , and the pair released several albums in the 1980s and 1990s. Shaggy (artist) Orville Richard Burrell CD (born October 22, 1968), known professionally as Shaggy ,

8610-523: The stage. The backline typically includes large and heavy items that are hard to transport, including large bass amplifiers and guitar amplifiers and their speaker cabinets , the drum kit (usually minus the cymbals and the snare drum , which each drummer brings from home), a Hammond organ , stage piano , and a keyboard amplifier . Even when a venue or festival provides a backline amplification, musicians must still supply some instruments themselves, such as guitars, an electric bass, and in some cases

8715-399: The standard instruments used to create sustained "pads" of sound (e.g., held backing chords) for ballads, with the introduction of digital delay pedals and other modern effects, electric guitars could produce similar "pads" or " walls of sound ". The Edge , the guitarist from the rock band U2 , often used digital delay and reverb-drenched electric guitar arpeggios (chords played one note after

8820-451: The standard swing band rhythm section of guitar, piano, bass, and drums supporting a vocalist , and in some cases omitting the keyboards. The bass guitar took over from the double bass in the 1950s, and had almost completely taken over the bass role in the 1960s. As the 1960s progressed the term "rhythm section" as used in a pop music context sometimes came to refer to just the bass and drums. For example, Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr of

8925-420: The style of a given song. In some cases, an arranger , orchestrator or composer will provide a written-out bass part or drum part written in music notation (the five-line staff in which the notes are round symbols with or without stems). It is rare in jazz or rock for chords to be written out in music notation; the arranger or songwriter typically writes the chord symbol and expects the guitarist to improvise

9030-413: The theme tune of a popular Levi's commercial, and sang with Maxi Priest on his Top 20 hit from 1996, " That Girl ". In 1999, Shaggy was dropped by Virgin , who felt he was unlikely to release another song as successful as 1995's "Boombastic". He would sign with MCA Records to release the album Hot Shot , the following year. The album featured the smash hit singles " It Wasn't Me " and " Angel ",

9135-400: The time providing accompaniment (backing parts) for songs , in some cases they provide other musical roles. In some songs or styles of music, instruments from the rhythm section may play soloistic roles on occasion (e.g., improvised guitar solos or solo breaks ) or play a melodic role (e.g., a rhythm guitarist may play a lyrical countermelody behind a singer or a melodic intro line before

9240-583: The trend towards computer-assisted music and programming in the mid-1980s. Chris Blackwell made them the core of the Compass Point All Stars , the Nassau recording band based at Compass Point Studios that was to produce classic records for Grace Jones , Joe Cocker and Gwen Guthrie among many others. On 1985 Sly and Robbie play drum and bass on album Scacchi e tarocchi by Francesco De Gregori Their 1987 funk and dance album Rhythm Killers

9345-489: The use of effects units . Funk bass players would play through auto-wah or envelope follower pedals. Reggae guitarists would plug into echo pedals. Rock guitarists would run their electric guitars through distortion and wah pedals . Electric piano or clavinet players also used effects. In the 1980s, many rock and pop bands continued to be based around the basic rock rhythm section established by 1960s and 1970s bands: electric bass, drums, and electric guitar or keyboards. In

9450-473: The video for "Sugarcane". The video was premiered globally on MTV. "Sugarcane" went on to become the number-two best-selling reggae song on the Canadian iTunes chart, and number four in the United States. Shaggy also collaborated with Apache Indian on the latter's album Home Run , on a remix of "Chokthere". On January 7, 2012, Shaggy released a collaborative single with Egyptian star Tamer Hosny , "Smile", with

9555-414: The world. Shaggy recorded the song with fellow Jamaican singer Alaine. In 2011, Shaggy released the official videos for "For Your Eyez Only", along with the hit singles "Sweet Jamaica", featuring Mr. Vegas and Josie Wales, and "Girlz Dem Luv We" featuring Mavado. That same year it was announced that Shaggy would release his first new album in four years. Preceded by the single "Champagne", featuring Sahara,

9660-583: Was "Angel" from the album Hot Shot . On March 11, 2002, Shaggy and Ali G released " Me Julie " from the soundtrack to the film Ali G Indahouse . The song sold 300,000 copies in the United Kingdom, as stated by the Official Charts Company . It spent 14 weeks on the UK Singles Chart , peaking at number two. Shaggy was featured on the album True Love by Toots and the Maytals , which won

9765-521: Was a featured artist on Japanese-American singer Ai 's song "Famous" alongside Turkish singer Yalın from her album, What's Goin' On Ai . The trio performed "Famous" in Los Angeles in 2008. In March 2007, Shaggy performed the official song of the ICC Cricket World Cup 2007 , titled "The Game of Love and Unity", alongside Bajan entertainer Rupee and Trinidadian soca artist Fay-Ann Lyons , at

9870-833: Was a part of the Caesars Rewards Summer Concert Series. On June 15, 2021, Shaggy, Spice and Sean Paul performed "Go Down Deh" on Jimmy Kimmel Live as a part of the Mercedez Benz Concert Series. On June 18, 2021, Shaggy, Spice and Sean Paul performed live, and was interviewed by Wendy on The Wendy Williams Show . During Caribbean Heritage Month, 2021, Shaggy, Spice and Sean Paul celebrated with "Go Down Deh" on Pix 11I New York. On July 1, 2021, International Reggae Day, Shaggy, Spice and Sean Paul were interviewed live on ITV1's Good Morning Britain . In 2022, Shaggy competed in season seven of The Masked Singer as "Space Bunny" of Team Cuddly. He

9975-566: Was announced that Shaggy, alongside Sean Paul , would be headlining the One Love Festival In Queensland slated for February 1, 2020, the first time the festival would be held in Australia . In November 2019, Shaggy played Sebastian in musical television special The Little Mermaid Live! on ABC. Also, In 2019, Shaggy collaborated with Indian singer Mika Singh on the latter's track "Belly ring". In January 2020, Shaggy told

10080-506: Was awarded the Jamaican Order of Distinction with the rank of Commander . In January 2008, he completed a six-date arena tour with Belgian singer Natalia . He later performed with band En Vogue in Antwerp , to a crowd of 78,000 people. Shaggy also collaborated with Arash in the song "Donya" (Arabic & Persian: "دنیا", meaning "The World"). In April 2008, Shaggy was chosen to record

10185-614: Was awarded the Jamaican Order of Distinction with the rank of Commander . In 2022, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from Brown University . Orville Richard Burrell was born on October 22, 1968, in Kingston . At the age of 18, he moved to New York City with his mother. Burrell enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on April 12, 1988 and obtained the MOS 0811 (Field Artillery Cannon Crewman). He served with

10290-535: Was championed by Sly and Robbie. This formula has since been used with success by the likes of Shaggy (who teamed up with singers Rayvon and Rik Rok ), Shabba Ranks , Maxi Priest and others. This predates the trend in some rap music where a song's "hook" or chorus is sung by a guest, while the verses are rapped. In the "Bam Bam" style, Dunbar introduced Indian tabla sounds in his drum beats, while Shakespeare altogether stopped playing bass on this particular project. Sly & Robbie continued to innovate during

10395-684: Was eliminated alongside En Vogue as the "Queen Cobras" of Team Bad. On May 28, 2022, Shaggy was conferred with an Honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from Brown University . In 2024, Shaggy's 2001 hit "Angel," featuring Rayvon, was certified Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for achieving over 600,000 sales and streams in the United Kingdom, as tracked by the Official Charts Company. Burrell married his long-term partner Rebecca Packer in 2014 and together they have three daughters. Burrell has two sons from

10500-412: Was featured on BBC and described as "The untold story of one of the most influential artists ever to come out of Jamaica". Rhythm section The core elements of the rhythm section are usually the drum kit and bass . The drums and bass provide the basic pulse and groove of a song. The section is augmented by other instruments such as keyboard instruments and guitars that are used to play

10605-597: Was produced by Bill Laswell with an ensemble of musicians and showcased the duo's branching outside of the reggae market and experimenting with electronic sounds. It also produced a number 12 hit on the UK Singles Chart in 1987 with " Boops (Here to Go) " which Robbie Williams later sampled for his single " Rudebox ". In the early 1990s, Sly and Robbie introduced a novel sound with the hits "Bam Bam" and " Murder She Wrote " by Chaka Demus & Pliers . Chaka Demus ' rough DJ vocals were matched with Pliers ' sweet, melodic, soul-influenced singing; this unusual vocal pairing

10710-531: Was produced by the duo, peaked at number 1 for four weeks on both the South Florida Reggae charts, as well as the WAVS 1170 Reggae Charts. In 2012, they worked on Khalifa's album G.RIOT 2012 and Bitty McLean's album. Their 2014 project, Sly and Robbie presents No-Maddz , was released at the end of 2014. They received their 11th Grammy Award nomination in 2014 for the album The Reggae Power . In October 2015,

10815-500: Was released on 28 May 2007 by Sony BMG. In 2009, Movin' On , the new album by Bitty McLean , which they produced with McLean and their longtime friend and associate Guillaume Bougard, came out and was widely acclaimed as the best reggae album of the year. Sly and Robbie toured Japan, Morocco ( Mawazine festival) and Europe with McLean to showcase the album. Sly and Robbie produced four songs on Cherine Anderson 's EP The Introduction-Dubstyle . The second single "Shine on Jamaica", which

10920-1321: Was released on vinyl and as a DVD single , its February 1999 release date making it one of or even the first DVD single ever to go on sale. They won a Grammy Award in 1999 for the album Friends . In 2003, they compiled and mixed a DJ mix album , Late Night Tales: Sly & Robbie , as part of the Late Night Tales series for Azuli Records . Far from restricting themselves to the Jamaican scene, (in which they have played for virtually every prominent Jamaican musical artist from Beenie Man to Sean Paul to Peter Tosh , Black Uhuru , Gregory Isaacs , Dennis Brown , Spanner Banner, Ini Kamoze and others), they have played with and produced artists such as Madonna , Bob Dylan , Mick Jagger , The Rolling Stones , Grace Jones , Joan Armatrading , Gilberto Gil , Joe Cocker , Matisyahu , Serge Gainsbourg , Simply Red , Michael Franti , Sting , Khaled , Mey Vidal , Tricky , Doug E. Fresh , Carlos Santana , Sinéad O'Connor , Monty Alexander , Ian Dury , and others. Sly and Robbie produced No Doubt 's international hits " Hey Baby " and " Underneath It All ". They also produced some tracks for Suggs ' 1996 debut solo album The Lone Ranger including

11025-425: Was selected to perform with Rayvon and Rikrok at Michael Jackson's 30th anniversary , performing the songs "Angel" and "It Wasn't Me" from Hot Shot . Over the course of his next two albums, Shaggy saw his popularity decline in the United States. In October 2002, Shaggy released his second album for MCA, Lucky Day . While the album went on to sell 352,000 copies in the United States and become certified Gold by

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