50-516: Tarn Taran Sahib is a city in the Majha region of the state of Punjab , in northern India . It is the district headquarters and hosts the municipal council of Tarn Taran district . Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib , a prominent Sikh shrine, is located in the central part of the city. Tarn Taran Sahib was founded during Mughal rule by the Fifth Sikh Guru , Shri Guru Arjan Dev Ji (1563–1606). He
100-479: A few plover species is clearly related to a strongly male-biased adult sex ratio. Those species with male care and polyandry invariably have adult sex ratios with a large surplus of males, which in some cases can reach as high as six males per female. Male-biased adult sex ratios have also been shown to correlate with cooperative breeding in mammals such as alpine marmots and wild canids . This correlation may also apply to cooperatively breeding birds, though
150-502: A historic gurdwara has been built at this place. Other gurdwaras in the District of Tarn Taran are at Goindwal Sahib, namely Gurdwara Baoli Sahib, at Khadoor Sahib, at Baba Buddha Sahib (Bir Sāhib) and those at Amritsar . Goindwal Sahib Goindwal Sahib, situated along the River Beas , is 23 km (14 mi) from Tarn Taran Sahib. It is an important center of Sikhism, as Guru Arjan Dev ji
200-535: A largest 350 Bedded fully computerized Charitable Hospital viz. Guru Nanak Dev Super-speciality Hospital, run under 'Baba Jiwan Singh Baba Dalip Singh Educational Trust'(regd.). Baba Jagtar Singh Kar Sewa Wale is the Chairman. The Hospital has got all core medical facilities with state of art Radiology and Pathology Departments. Tarn Taran Sahib is situated near the Amritsar district . It sends one elected representative to
250-712: A new project of rail from Patti to Ferozpur is under construction. Tarn Taran is connected by roads to many other locations: Tarn Taran is located on the historic Royal Highway (Sher Shah Suri Marg) of the Mugal Empire from Delhi to Lahore . NH-15 (National Highway No. 15) also passes through Tarn Taran. It has a fast bus service to Amritsar , with a daily route of about 450 buses daily. AC coach buses of many transports have routes of Tarn Taran, including PUNBUS, PRTC, RAJ, and NEW DEEP. Daily bus services run to and from New Delhi , Chandigarh , Patiala , Bikaner , Bathinda , Ferozpur , Ludhiana , and Jalandhar . There
300-473: A small domed shrine in the eastern part of the circumambulatory pavement, marks the spot from where Guru Arjan supervised the excavation of the sarovar. A divan hall, a vast pavilion of reinforced concrete, has now been raised close to it. The Tower - The only completed column of the four planned by Kanvar Nau Nihal Singh, for the beautification of the sarovar at Tarn Taran, stands at the northeastern corner. The three-storeyed tower, 34 metres (112 ft) high,
350-547: A smaller portion of the Jech Doab region (the region between the rivers Jhelum and Chenab ). The Majha region of historical Punjab region spans northward from the right banks of river Beas , and extends up to river Jhelum at its northmost, making it the largest regions of historic Punjab . The Indian state of Punjab has continued to recognize the Majha region through maintaining the districts that have historically belonged to
400-422: Is Sri Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran, built by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. The Gurdwara Sri Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran has one of the largest sarovar (holy tank). Gurdwara Darbar Sahib (Tarn Taran) - This gurdwara is an elegant, three-storeyed structure at the southeastern corner of the sarovar. Approached through a double-storeyed arched gateway, it stands in the middle of a marble-floored platform. The upper portion of
450-609: Is a Municipal Council city in district of Tarn Taran, Punjab. The Tarn Taran No of Distt Wards 19 Which Has Been Included City and Some Of Neae Area's. Tarn Taran Municipal Council has total administration over 12,874 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Municipal Council limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction. The city has adequate health care system The city has one Civil (public) hospital besides six private hospitals. Tarn Taran has
500-411: Is a field of academic study which seeks to understand the sex ratios observed in nature from an evolutionary perspective. It continues to be heavily influenced by the work of Eric Charnov . He defines five major questions, both for his book and the field in general (slightly abbreviated here): Biological research mostly concerns itself with sex allocation rather than sex ratio, sex allocation denoting
550-449: Is a region located in the central parts of the historical Punjab region , currently split between the republics of Pakistan and India. It extends north from the right banks of the river Beas , and reaches as far north as the river Jhelum . People of the Majha region are given the demonym "Mājhī" or "Majhail". Most inhabitants of the region speak the Majhi dialect , which is the basis of
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#1732844273687600-520: Is also the birthplace of Sikhism. The word "Mājhā" means the "central" or the "heartland". The Majha region is geographically located in the middle (or central part) of the historic Punjab region , hence giving it the name Majha. It includes a considerable portion of the Bari Doab (the region between the rivers Beas and Ravi ) and the Rechna Doab (the region between the rivers Ravi and Chenab ), and
650-460: Is of particular interest to anthropologists and demographers. In human societies, sex ratios at birth may be considerably skewed by factors such as the age of mother at birth and by sex-selective abortion and infanticide . Exposure to pesticides and other environmental contaminants may be a significant contributing factor as well. As of 2024, the global sex ratio at birth is estimated at 107 boys to 100 girls (1,000 boys per 934 girls). By old age,
700-464: Is the ratio of males to females in a population . As explained by Fisher's principle , for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually . However, many species deviate from an even sex ratio, either periodically or permanently. Examples include parthenogenic and androgenetic species, periodically mating organisms such as aphids, some eusocial wasps , bees , ants , and termites . The human sex ratio
750-1314: Is weekly bus service to Ponta Sahib . 1 Maharaja Ranjit Singh Public School 2 Sri Guru Harkrishan Public School 3 St. Francis Convent School 4 Mamta Niketan Convent School 5 St. Thomas Convent School 6 Guru Arjun Dev Khalsa School 7 Punjab Children Academy 8 Cupid's School 9 Mata Ganga Girls School 10 SD Sen Sec Public School 11 Sant Singh Sukha Singh Public School 12 SSS Public School 13 Arya Girls School 14 Govt. Sen Sec School 15 Guru Nanak Dev Academy 16 Majha Public School. 17 SD Girls High School 18 Universal Academy 19 SBDS Sen Sec School Patti 20 Shri Mahavir Jain Model High School Patti 21 S.B.B.S Sen Sec School Rasulpur 22 Baba Deep Singh Public School 23 Guru Amar Dass Adarsh Institute Goindwal sahib 24 Guru Amar Dass senior secondary school Goindwal sahib 1 Guru Arjun Dev Khalsa College 2 Sewa Devi College 3 Mata Ganga College for women 4 Majha College for women 5 Kalian Homeopathic College 6 Mai Bhago Institute of Nursing 7 Shiv Shankar Institute of Engg and Tech (Patti) 8 Shaheed Bhagat Singh Pharmacy (Patti) 9 Shaheed Bhagat Singh Polytechnic College 10 Shaheed Bhagat Singh B.Ed College 11 International School of Nursing 12. Goutam college Tarn Taran 13 Guru Gobind Singh Khalsa College Sarhali Tarn Taran
800-761: The Lok Sabha (the Indian parliament), one member to the State Legislative Assembly and two members to Shiromani Gurdwara Parbhandhak Committee(SGPC) at Amritsar . It is the headquarters of Tarn Taran district. It is a municipal council with 19 wards. The district borders Doaba, Malwa Belt and Pakistan . Visitor attractions in and around Tarn Taran Sahib include: Majha Europe North America Oceania Majha ( Punjabi : ਮਾਝਾ ( Gurmukhi ) , ماجھا ( Shahmukhi ) , romanized: Mājhā ; Punjabi pronunciation: [mäˑ˩˥.dʒˑäː] ; meaning "heartland )
850-681: The Tarn Taran Assembly Constituency . Kashmir Singh Sohal from Aam Admi Party is the MLA elected in 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election . The city has many historical gurdwaras which include: Darbar Sahib Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji, Gurdwara Guru Ka Khuh (Gurdwara of the Guru's Well), Gurdwara Bibi Bhani Da Khuh , Gurdwara Takkar Sahib, Gurdwara Lakeer Sahib, Gurudwara Baba Garja Singh Baba Bota Singh, Gurdwara Jhulna Mahal, and Lalpur (Tapeana Sahib). The main religious hub at Tarn Taran Sahib
900-546: The 1:1 ratio is the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). This ratio has been observed in many species, including the bee Macrotera portalis . A study performed by Danforth observed no significant difference in the number of males and females from the 1:1 sex ratio. Spending equal amounts of resources to produce offspring of either sex is an evolutionarily stable strategy : if the general population deviates from this equilibrium by favoring one sex, one can obtain higher reproductive success with less effort by producing more of
950-551: The Majha region have been historically known for their warrior-like nature. The Majha region is called the "Sword Arm of the Country", due to it contributing disproportionately to the Officer as well as Orderly ranks of the Armies of both India and Pakistan. The Sikh Empire was founded in the Majha region, and so the region is also sometimes referred to as "the cradle of the brave Sikhs". Majha
1000-442: The Majha region. In Pakistan, the Majha city of Lahore was selected as its provincial capital, which the remaining Majha districts were either maintained, or their borders blurred as the boundaries were divided between districts Bahawalpur, Dera Ghazi Khan, Multan, and Rawalpindi, Sahiwal and Sargodha. The following districts are classified as Majha. Noor Jahan, Singer, real Name Allah Rakhi, Kasur Sex ratio A sex ratio
1050-908: The Singh Sabha, Tarn Taran, established in 1885, were resisted by the British appointed sarbarahs and mahants. Efforts of the Khalsa Diwan Majha and the Central Majha Khalsa Diwan to cleanse the administration of corruption were met with success. As the Gurdwara reform movement got under way, the control of the sacred shrines passed to a representative body of the Sikhs, the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, on 27 January 1921. A leper asylum established by Guru Arjan Dev (it
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#17328442736871100-429: The allocation of energy to either sex. Common research themes are the effects of local mate and resource competition (often abbreviated LMC and LRC, respectively). Fisher's principle (1930) explains why in most species, the sex ratio is approximately 1:1. His argument was summarised by W. D. Hamilton (1967) as follows, assuming that parents invest the same whether raising male or female offspring: In modern language,
1150-761: The area on the north of Sutlej , after the confluence of Beas and Sutlej at Harike in Tarn Taran district , extending up to the City Makhu In Ferozpur District , which is all part of the Majha region in India. This region contains eighteen districts of the Pakistani province of Punjab , including the cities of Lahore , Faisalabad , Sahiwal , Pakpattan , Gujranwala , Gujrat , and Sialkot . It includes four districts of Indian state of Punjab – Amritsar , Tarn Taran , Gurdaspur , and Pathankot . The people of
1200-477: The edifice is covered with glittering gold-plated sheets. The lotus dome, damaged in an earthquake (4 April 1905) and subsequently reconstructed, has an ornamental gold pinnacle with an umbrella-shaped gold finial . Exquisitely executed stucco work in intricate designs, inset with reflecting glass pieces, decorate the interior walls and the ceiling. The Guru Granth Sahib is seated on a platform under an elongated dome covered with goldplated metal sheets. This throne
1250-544: The evidence is less clear. It is known, however, that both male-biased adult sex ratios and cooperative breeding tend to evolve where caring for offspring is extremely difficult due to low secondary productivity, as in Australia and Southern Africa . It is also known that in cooperative breeders where both sexes are philopatric like the varied sittella , adult sex ratios are equally or more male-biased than in those cooperative species, such as fairy-wrens , treecreepers and
1300-428: The exterior plated with the metal, but the work made little progress in the troubled times that followed Ranjit Singh's death. It was in the last quarter of the nineteenth century that part of the exterior was covered with goldleaf by Sant Sham Singh, of Amritsar. Only one of the four towers planned by Kanvar Nau Nihal Singh for the four corners of the tank was erected during this time. Under Maharaja Ranjit Singh's orders,
1350-475: The largest of the Sikh holy tanks (ponds), it is an approximate rectangle in shape. Its northern and southern sides are 289 and 283 metres (948 and 928 ft), respectively, and eastern and western sides 230 and 233 metres (755 and 764 ft), respectively. The sarovar was originally fed by rain water that flowed in from the surrounding lands. In 1833, Maharaja Raghubir Singh of Jmd had a water channel dug, connecting
1400-413: The male fish dies, the strongest female changes its sex to become the male for the group. All of these wrasses are born female, and only become male in this situation. Other species, like clownfish, do this in reverse, where all start out as non-reproductive males, and the largest male becomes a female, with the second-largest male maturing to become reproductive. Traditionally, farmers have discovered that
1450-505: The manager was, however, confined to general supervision, the priests being autonomous in the conduct of religious affairs. They divided the offerings among themselves and gradually appropriated most of the lands endowed to the Darbar Sahib during Sikh rule. They neglected their religious duties and cared little for the sanctity of the holy shrines and the sarovar. Reforms which reverted gurdwaras to there pre-colonial environments introduced by
1500-434: The most economically efficient community of animals will have a large number of females and a very small number of males. A herd of cows with a few bulls or a flock of hens with one rooster are the most economical sex ratios for domesticated livestock. It was found that the amount of fertilizing pollen can influence secondary sex ratio in dioecious plants. Increase in pollen amount leads to decrease in number of male plants in
1550-829: The other. For species where the cost of successfully raising one offspring is roughly the same regardless of its sex, this translates to an approximately equal sex ratio. Bacteria of the genus Wolbachia cause skewed sex ratios in some arthropod species as they kill males. Sex-ratio of adult populations of pelagic copepods is usually skewed towards dominance of females. However, there are differences in adult sex ratios between families: in families in which females require multiple matings to keep producing eggs, sex ratios are less biased (close to 1); in families in which females can produce eggs continuously after only one mating, sex ratios are strongly skewed towards females. Several species of reptiles have temperature-dependent sex determination , where incubation temperature of eggs determines
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1600-440: The progeny. This relationship was confirmed on four plant species from three families – Rumex acetosa ( Polygonaceae ), Melandrium album (Caryophyllaceae), Cannabis sativa and Humulus japonicus ( Cannabinaceae ). In charadriiform birds, recent research has shown clearly that polyandry and sex-role reversal (where males care and females compete for mates) as found in phalaropes , jacanas , painted snipe and
1650-542: The sarovar have now been demolished and a verandah constructed instead along the periphery. The name Tarn Taran, since appropriated by the town itself, originally belonged to the sarovar, so called by Guru Arjan. Literally it means, "the boat that takes one across (the ocean of existence)". (Tarana in Sanskrit is a raft or a boat). According to Sikh tradition, the water of the old pond was found to possess medicinal properties, especially efficacious for curing leprosy. For this reason
1700-463: The sarovar was known as Dukh Nivaran, the eradicator of affliction. AKAL BUNGA, a four storeyed building near the Nishan Sahib (Sikh flagpole), was constructed in 1841 by Kanvar Nau Nihal Singh. Maharaja Sher Singh provided the finishing touches. The Guru Granth Sahib , "after a procession around the sarovar amid" chanting of hymns in the late evening, is, brought here for the night's rest. Manji Sahib,
1750-480: The sex of the individual. In the American alligator , for example, females are hatched from eggs incubated between 27.7 to 30 °C (81.9 to 86.0 °F), whereas males are hatched from eggs 32.2 to 33.8 °C (90.0 to 92.8 °F). In this method, however, all eggs in a clutch (20–50) will be of the same sex. In fact, the natural sex ratio of this species is five females to one male. In birds, mothers can influence
1800-414: The sex of their chicks. In peafowl , maternal body condition can influence the proportion of daughters in the range from 25% to 87%. Dichogamy (sequential hermaphroditism) is normal in several groups of fish, such as wrasses , parrotfish and clownfish . This can cause a discrepancy in the sex ratios as well. In the bluestreak cleaner wrasse , there is only one male for every group of 6-8 females. If
1850-405: The sex ratio reverses, with 81 older men for every 100 older women; across all ages, the global population is nearly balanced, with 101 males for every 100 females. In most species, the sex ratio varies according to the age profile of the population. It is generally divided into four subdivisions: These definitions can be somewhat subjective since they lack clear boundaries. Sex ratio theory
1900-545: The standard register of the Punjabi language . The most populous city in the area is Lahore on the Pakistani side, and Amritsar on the Indian side of the border. During the partition of India in 1947, the Majha region of Punjab was split between India and Pakistan when the Indian Punjab and Pakistani Punjab were formed. The Majha region of Indian State of Punjab covers the area between Beas and Ravi rivers, including
1950-509: The state average of 75.84%: male literacy was 82.39%, and female literacy was 76%. In Tarn Taran Sahib, 11.2% of the population was under 6 years of age and 15% is elderly. 3% of its residents have settled abroad. Religion in Tarn Taran (2011) The table below shows the population of different religious groups in Taran Taran city and their gender ratio , as of 2011 census. The city is part of
2000-536: The tank with the Lower Kasur Branch of the Upper Ban Doab Canal at Rasulpur watermills, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the southeast. The channel was cemented and covered in 1927/28 by Sant Gurmukh Singh and Sant Sadhu Singh. They also supervised karseva, i.e. complete desilting of the tank through voluntary service, in 1931. The operation was repeated in 1970 under Sant Jivan Singh. Most of the bungas around
2050-569: The town of Tarn Taran was enclosed by a wall. A few other shrines, such as the Mahji Sahib, the Akal Bunga and the Guru ka Khuh, were developed and several bungas added. After the annexation of the Punjab to the British dominions, the management of the shrines at Tarn Taran, along with those at Amritsar, was entrusted to a sarbarah , or manager, appointed by the deputy commissioner of Amritsar. The role of
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2100-518: The wife of Guru Ram Das , and the mother of Guru Arjan Dev Ji. This religio-historic khuh (well) was dug by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, in memory of his mother, at the place where she used to serve food, water, and medicine to the needy and visiting pilgrims. Locals preserved the place with the help of Dera Kar Sewa Tarn Taran, and constructed a gurdwara . Gurdwara Guru Ka Khuh is also situated in Tarn Taran City. This well belonged to Guru Arjan Dev Ji, and
2150-487: The world in the likes of London, Birmingham, Dubai, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Doha, Tashkent and Ashgabat. Domestic connections are available to almost every major city of India . Tarn Taran is well-connected with nearby cities and villages with the rail network. Tarn Taran station is located on the Amritsar-to-Khemkaran line. A rail line from Tarn Taran sahib to Goindwal Sahib has been recently constructed and
2200-442: Was an offering from Kanvar Nau Nihal Singh. A relay recital of Kirtan goes on from early morning until late in the evening. Har Ki Pauri - A flight of marbled steps behind the Darbar Sahib descending into the sacred pool, marks the spot where, according to tradition, Guru Arjan made the first cut as the digging started in 1590. Pilgrims go down these steps to take Charanamrit or palmsful of holy water to sip. The Sarovar - One of
2250-482: Was born there. Tarn Taran has many smaller-scale to large-scale industries: The central government has plans for setting up a special economic zone (SEZ) at Sri Goindwal Sahib . The following is the list of colleges in the Taran Taran Sahib city. The nearest airport is Amritsar International Airport . At a distance of 30 kilometres (19 mi), direct International flights are available to key cities around
2300-504: Was erected during the Kanvar's lifetime. The dome on top of it was added later. Gurdwara Lakeer Sahib is situated at the place where a line on the ground was marked by Baba Deep Singh Ji , before entering into war against the Mughal Empire in 1757. Gurudwara Bibi Bhani da Khuh, situated near Sri Darbar Sahib Tarn Taran, is named after Bibi Bhani Ji. She was the daughter of Guru Amar Das ,
2350-575: Was made by Captain Amarinder Singh , Chief Minister of Punjab, during the celebrations marking the martyrdom day of Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. It became the 19th district of Punjab . Maharaja Ranjit Singh had the steps on the two sides of the sarovar, formerly left unfinished by Budh Singh and Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, completed and its circumambulatory passage paved. The Darbar Sahib was also reconstructed. Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his grandson, Kanvar Nau Nihal Singh, donated large quantities of gold to have
2400-682: Was so enchanted by its natural beauty that he established a town and named it Tarn Taran, which translates to the "pool of salvation" in English. He laid the foundation of Sri Tarn Taran Sahib Temple . Tarn Taran Sahib was part of the Bhangi Sikh Dynasty ruled by a powerful Jatt family of the Dhillon clan from 1716 to 1810. In 1947, the year of the Partition of India and the Partition of Punjab, Tarn Taran
2450-488: Was the only tehsil (district) in Punjab, along with Shiekhupura, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Hoshiapur, Kapurthala, Patti, Amritsar, Lyallpur, and Patiala, with a majority Sikh population. The city was the center of the Sikh insurgency during the 1980s and early 1990s. The main occupation in this area is agriculture and agroindustry, with very few other industries. Tarn Taran district was formed in 2006. The declaration to this effect
2500-402: Was thought that minerals in the water were helpful in treating Leprosy), but completely ignored by the clergy after the abrogation of Sikh sovereignty, was taken over in 1858 by Christian missionaries. As of 2011 Indian census , Tarn Taran Sahib had a population of 66,847. Males constituted 52.3% of the population, and females 47.7%. Tarn Taran has an average literacy rate of 79.33%, higher than
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