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79-484: In contemporary context, many Korean martial arts entities continued to use Tang Soo Do to preserve the elements of Korean martial arts that evolved from the original nine kwans' karate roots and were lost in transition to taekwondo. The techniques of what is commonly known as Tang Soo Do combine elements of Shōtōkan , Subak , Taekkyon , and Kung Fu .The soldiers in World War 2 were teaching by master Kim-Sun Yung. His style

158-533: A deep appreciation for the opponent. Though Tang Soo Do sparring is competitive, traditional competitions are more of an exercise, or way of developing the self, than they are a competitive and game-like forum. Introspection and personal growth are fostered through free sparring. In Tang Soo Do, as in Taekwondo, commands and terminology to students are often given in Korean. However, beginning in 1955, and again in 1973, with

237-587: A faction of students led by Hong Chong Soo joined the unification effort of the kwans. Regardless, Hwang Kee, Moo Duk Kwan and Soo Bahk Do persisted. Soo Bahk Do is notable for its use of strong, deep stances as in Shotokan Karate , while also emphasizing a very active use of the hip to help generate force in each movement performed. It is known for its vast array of kicks, a hallmark of Korean martial arts. Additionally, its pyong-an ( Pinan ) utilize many direct, linear forms similar to Shotokan Karate Kata , while

316-425: A full range of target areas (including punches and kicks to the face, head, throat, and body) with no padding or protective gloves, but maintains a degree of safety for the participants. Throwing one's partner and performing takedowns are permitted in free sparring, but it is unusual for competition matches to involve extended grappling or ground-wrestling, as Shotokan karateka are encouraged to end an encounter with

395-569: A lesser degree, seniority. As with many martial arts, Shotokan uses a system of coloured belts to indicate rank. Most Shotokan schools use the kyū / dan system but have added other belt colours. The order of colours varies widely from school to school, but kyu belts are denoted with colours that in some schools become darker as a student approaches shodan . Dan level belts are invariably black, with some schools using stripes to denote various ranks of black belt. Gichin Funakoshi himself never awarded

474-491: A much more fluid style that incorporates grappling, throwing and some standing joint locking techniques, which can be found even in basic kata. Kumite (fighting) techniques are practiced in the kihon and kata and developed from basic to advanced levels with an opponent. Gichin Funakoshi laid out the Twenty Precepts of Karate (or Niju kun ), which form the foundations of the art, before some of his students established

553-590: A name, just calling it karate . Shotokan training is usually divided into three parts: kihon (basics), kata (forms or patterns of moves), and kumite (sparring). Techniques in kihon and kata are characterised by deep, long stances that provide stability, enable powerful movements, and strengthen the legs. Shotokan is regarded as a dynamic martial art as it develops anaerobic, powerful techniques as well as developing speed. Initially strength and power are demonstrated instead of slower, more flowing motions. Those who progress to brown and black belt level develop

632-557: A rank higher than Godan (5th dan black belt). Kihon basics is the practice of basic techniques in Shotokan Karate. It includes stances, blocks, punches, kicks, various displacements and their combinations, as well as the practice of Kihon Kata like: Taikyoku Shodan, which was developed by Yoshitaka Funakoshi, the son of Gichin Funakoshi, as a basic introduction to karate kata. (Yoshitaka also developed Taikyoku Nidan and Sandan.) This first kata consists of successive restatements following

711-423: A red-striped midnight blue (or black) belt to denote individuals who have reached the rank of Sa Beom (master 사범님/師範님), or 4th dan. The original non-dan, or geup , belt colors established by Hwang Kee were white belt, green belt, and red belt. In the 1970s, an orange belt was added after the white belt, along with either one or two stripes on the orange, green and red belts, encompassing ten geup (student) levels, and

790-620: A sense degrading". The Mandarin pronunciation of 空手道 is kōng-shǒu-dào, and the Korean is pronounced [koŋsʰudo] (공수도). Outside of the Far East , the term "Tang Soo Do" has primarily become synonymous with the Korean martial art promoted by grandmaster Hwang Kee . Between 1944 and Korea's liberation from Japanese rule in 1945, the original schools or kwans of Tang Soo Do were founded in Korea by practitioners who studied Okinawan karate and had exposure to kung-fu. (" traditional Taekwondo ") At

869-431: A single attack ( ippon ), avoiding extended periods of conflict, or unnecessary contact in situations where there may be more than one attacker. Kaishu ippon kumite is an additional sparring exercise that is usually introduced for higher grades. This starts in a similar manner to freestyle one-step sparring; the attacker names the attack he/she will execute, attacks with that technique, and the defender blocks and counters

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948-450: A soft/ hard combination to the style, also incorporating/practicing more functional techniques like elbows, knees, shin-blocks, and others. Teaching these typically begins in the middle Gup ranks and continues into the Dans. Yuk Ro or "Six-Fold path" Are a collection of 6 forms that were created in 1947 by Hwang Kee and develop advanced techniques. They are taught at some schools, primarily at

1027-475: A studio and begin training students. He studied ancient Korean textbooks that described an art called Soo Bahk , the oldest Korean martial art known at the time. In late 1950s, the five kwans (Other popular Korean martial arts) began the unification process that would lead to creation of Taekwondo and the Korea Taekwondo Association . At first, Hwang Kee and his Moo Duk Kwan agreed to be part of

1106-404: Is Jo Kyo, meaning assistant instructor. To become a Jo Kyo, a practitioner must be at least a 1st gup and study for at minimum 90 days. They are required to complete a written test and spend a certain number of hours assisting with classes. Leading activities such as warm ups, new material, and assisting students of all ranks is a major part of the work hours needed. The second level of certification

1185-465: Is Kyo Sa. To become a Kyo Sa, a practitioner must be at least a 2nd Dan and over 18 years of age. They are required to study for at least one year, teach classes to students of all ranks, and complete a written test. The 3rd level of certification is Sa Bom. To become a Sa Bom, a practitioner must be at least 21 years old and be a 4th dan. They must study for two years completing both written work and tests as well as teaching in their local Dojang and passing

1264-426: Is a color to which nothing can be added, thus blue signifies that a dan holder is still learning. The white belt means a birth or beginning of a person's will to acquire the skills of karate, the white belt symbolizes winter. The yellow belt signifies the beaming sunlight of spring. The orange belt signifies the strength of the rising sun. (The yellow belt and the orange belt both symbolizes spring) The green belt depicts

1343-663: Is a composite style influenced by the Northern Chinese arts, the Southern Chinese arts, and the Okinawan discipline of Karate. Moo Yea Tang Soo Do (MYTSD) is a national association of 35+ martial arts schools that aims to serve its members while helping each studio maintain its independent spirit. They do not exist to govern the practices of individual schools, but rather provide a Tang Soo Do community that allows for continued learning, business success, and rank advancement. Moo Yea

1422-462: Is a performance or a demonstration, with every technique potentially a killing blow ( ikken hisatsu )—while paying particular attention to form and timing (rhythm). As the karateka grows older, more emphasis is placed on the health benefits of practicing kata , promoting fitness while keeping the body soft, supple, and agile. Several Shotokan groups have introduced "kata" (form) from other styles into their training. The original Shotokan kata syllabus

1501-538: Is a style of karate , developed from various martial arts by Gichin Funakoshi (1868–1957) and his son Gigo (Yoshitaka) Funakoshi (1906–1945). Gichin Funakoshi was born in Okinawa and is widely credited with popularizing "karate do" through a series of public demonstrations, and by promoting the development of university karate clubs, including those at Keio , Waseda , Hitotsubashi (Shodai) , Takushoku , Chuo , Gakushuin , and Hosei . Funakoshi had many students at

1580-467: Is currently the system in use in the Moo Duk Kwan. Many variations of this ranking system are still used and typically employ other colors (such as yellow, brown, purple, and blue). However, this is primarily a western influence. The black belts (or midnight blue belts) are called dans and each degree has its own specific name. The dan rank ranges from 1st through 9th degree. In the Moo Duk Kwan, dan level

1659-644: Is freestyle one-step sparring ( jiyu ippon kumite ). This type of kumite , and its successor—free sparring, have been documented extensively by Nakayama and are expanded upon by the JKA instructor trainee program, for those clubs under the JKA. Freestyle one-step sparring is similar to one-step sparring but requires the karateka to be in motion. Practicing one-step sparring improves free sparring ( jiyu kumite ) skills, and also provides an opportunity for practicing major counter-attacks (as opposed to minor counter-attacks). Tsutomu Ohshima states that freestyle one-step sparring

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1738-607: Is headed by Hwang Kee's son, Hwang Hyun-chul . There are still a multitude of contemporary Taekwondo schools in the United States that teach what is known as " Moo Duk Kwan Taekwondo ". This nomenclature reflects this government-ordered kwan merger. The World Tang Soo Do Association and the International Tang Soo Do Federation teach systems of Tang Soo Do that existed before the Taekwondo "merger" and before

1817-538: Is introduced in Funakoshi's book Karate-do Kyohan , which is the master text of Shotokan karate. Japan Shotokai's kata syllabus is the same as established in "Karate-do Kyohan" with the addition of Gigo Funakoshi's staff kata Matsukaze No Kon. When the JKA was formed, Nakayama laid down 27 kata (26 mainly practised throughout most organisations) as the kata syllabus for this organisation. The standard JKA kata are: Taikyoku shodan (sometimes termed Kata Kihon or Kihon Kata,

1896-552: Is known by its Korean numeration, such as cho dan (1st), ee dan (2nd) and sam dan (3rd), and onward. In many organizations, the titles of kyosa (instructor 교사/敎師) and sa bom (master 사범/師範) are separately awarded after successfully demonstrating ability, knowledge, understanding and character for that level in a dan simsa (심사/審査), or test. One may not test for kyosa (certified instructor) until 2nd dan, or sabom (master instructor) until 4th dan or above. Dan levels from 4th dan onward are known as kodanja (고단자/高段者), whether sabom or not. Also in

1975-536: Is no longer an individual Tang Soo Do style. Some of the older Chung Do Kwan schools practice the original Pyongahn forms which Lee Won-Kuk incorporated from Shotokan karate. Schools tracing their lineage to Duk Sung Son when he founded the World Tae Kwon Do Association in the U.S. after leaving Korea also practice Kuk Mu forms. Other older Chung do Kwan schools practice the Palgwae forms, a predecessor of

2054-484: Is no single "Shotokan school", although they all bear Funakoshi's influence. As the most widely practiced style, Shotokan is considered a traditional and influential form of karate do. Shotokan was the name of the first official dojo built by Gichin Funakoshi, in 1936 at Mejiro , and destroyed in 1945 as a result of the Tokyo air raids . Shoto ( 松涛 , Shōtō ) , meaning "pine-waves" (the movement of pine needles when

2133-436: Is not tolerated. Health and longevity of practitioners are the major goals of Tang Soo Do practice. Consequently, serious injuries are counterproductive because they retard a level of physical training that is needed to foster emotional and intellectual growth. However, minor injuries, such as bumps, bruises and the occasional loss of wind may be invaluable experiences. Each match should begin and end with respect, compassion and

2212-488: Is that the black belt , or dan rank , is frequently represented by a midnight blue belt (some Chung Do Kwan schools also have adopted this custom) for students who attain dan rank. The reason for the midnight blue belt is the belief in Korean culture that black symbolizes perfection. As no one is perfect, the belt for the dan rank is a midnight blue color. It was also a belief of the founder of Moo Duk Kwan, Hwang Kee, that black

2291-589: Is the most realistic practice in Shotokan Karate, and that it is more realistic than free sparring. Free sparring (or free style) ( jiyu kumite ) is the last element of sparring learned. In this exercise, two training partners are free to use any karate technique or combination of attacks, and the defender at any given moment is free to avoid, block, counter, or attack with any karate technique. Training partners are encouraged to make controlled and focused contact with their opponent, but to withdraw their attack as soon as surface contact has been made. This allows attacking

2370-498: Is the practical application of kihon and kata to real opponents. The formalities of kumite in Shotokan karate were first instituted by Masatoshi Nakayama wherein basic, intermediate, and advanced sparring techniques and rules were formalised. Shotokan practitioners first learn how to apply the techniques taught in kata to hypothetical opponents by way of kata bunkai . Kata bunkai then matures into controlled kumite . Kumite

2449-455: Is the third part of the Shotokan triumvirate of kihon, kata and kumite . Kumite is taught in ever increasing complexity from beginner through low grade blackbelt (1st – 2nd) to intermediate (3rd – 4th) and advanced (5th onwards) level practitioners. Beginners first learn kumite through basic drills, of one, three or five attacks to the head ( jodan ) or body ( chudan ) with the defender stepping backwards whilst blocking and only countering on

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2528-527: The Japan Karate Association (JKA). Within these twenty principles, based heavily on bushido and Zen , lies the philosophy of Shotokan. The principles allude to notions of humility, respect, compassion, patience, and both an inward and outward calmness. It was Funakoshi's belief that through karate practice and observation of these 20 principles, the karateka would improve their person. The dōjō kun lists five philosophical rules for training in

2607-520: The World Tang Soo Do Association version of this, called Ho Sin Sul, there are 30 different grab defenses taught. Though variation is extensive, Tang Soo Do free-sparring is similar to competitive matches in other traditional Okinawan, Japanese and Korean striking systems and may include elements of American freestyle point karate. Tang Soo Do sparring consists of point matches that are based on

2686-698: The Dan level. According to Hwang Kee, he learned these forms from studying Japanese books on Okinawan karate. Most scholars agree that the primary text Hwang Kee relied upon was Gichin Funakoshi 's Rentan Goshin Toudi-Jutsu published in Japan in 1925. However, almost all original 5 kwan instructors taught these same forms and had them in their curriculum as they were direct students of Japanese Karate masters, like Gichin Funakoshi or his contemporary peer Kanren Toyama, founder of shudokan karate; or they were friends and students of

2765-468: The Korean nationalist effort to combine kwans, some schools chose not to change their style and name to taekwondo during the effort led by Syngman Rhee to create a single organization. These kwons still flourish and other branches have since been developed. Chung Do Kwan has survived in Korea as a fraternal friendship social club of Kukkiwon Taekwondo . Its organization follows the Kukkiwon curriculum and

2844-456: The Moo Duk Kwan as founded by Hwang Kee persists. Hwang Kee and a large constituent of the Moo Duk Kwan continued to develop a version of Tang Soo Do that eventually became what is now known as " Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan". This modified version of Tang Soo Do incorporates more fluid "soft" movements reminiscent of certain traditional Chinese martial arts. After death of Hwang Kee, the Moo Duk Kwan continues to represent Soo Bahk Do worldwide, and

2923-600: The Moo Duk Kwan. In 1979, Norris dissolved the NTC and formed his current organization the United Fighting Arts Federation (UFAF) and named Johnson as executive vice president. In 1986, Norris promoted Johnson to ninth-degree black belt. At that time due to a philosophical difference of opinion with Norris, Johnson would leave the UFAF and reform the NTC as the governing body for American Tang Soo Do while Norris kept UFAF as

3002-578: The Moo Duk Kwan. Kwanjangnim's organization was the largest martial arts system in Korea at the time. Grandmaster Hwang Kee agreed to discuss unification but, when it became clear that he would not be in charge of the new organization, he ultimately refused. The result was a weakening of the Moo Duk Kwan as the Tae Kwon Do movement grew in strength, absorbing many Moo Duk Kwan members in the process. Due to political in-fighting and splintering, Moo Duk Kwan Tang Soo Do has had several members break off. Regardless,

3081-478: The Okinawan culture and Funakoshi's philosophies. However, many schools of JKA (Japan Karate Association) affiliated with Shotokan Karate used the full terminology on a daily basis, providing translations also. For example, the KUI (Karate Union of Ireland), utilises the full and proper Japanese name for each move and kata in training, grading and competition. Rank is used in karate to indicate experience, expertise, and to

3160-561: The Okinawan kata names easier to pronounce in the Japanese Honshū dialect. In 1924, Funakoshi adopted the Kyū / Dan rank system and the uniform ( keikogi ) developed by Kano Jigoro , the founder of judo . This system uses colored belts ( obi ) to indicate rank. Originally, karate had only three belt colors: white, brown, and black (with ranks within each). The original belt system, still used by many Shotokan schools, is: Funakoshi awarded

3239-633: The Taegeuk forms. After black belt, practitioners of the Kukkiwon system practice the Yudanja and Kodanja series of black belt poomsae of Kukkiwon (Koryo, Kumgang, Taebaek, Pyongwon, Sipjin, Jitae, Cheonkwon, Hansoo, Ilyo). Many Chung Do Kwan schools also practice the Chang Hun tul, even if they are not affiliated with the International Taekwon-Do Federation. The Chung Do Kwan style of Tang Soo Do

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3318-410: The U.S., a simple timing structure was created for the dan ranking system. If in constant study, then it was easy to measure when testing for the next rank. The next dan number was equal to the minimum number of years that must be spent training to achieve that dan. For example, a first dan would have two years before they could be a candidate for second dan, and so on. Forms (hyeong) vary depending upon

3397-460: The World Moo Duk Kwan, Inc. This martial art was originally the ancient martial art of Korea. Hwang Kee created Moo Duk Kwan with influence from "Soo Bahk Do." On November 9, 1945, Kwang Jang Nim Hwang Kee (1914- 2002) founded the Moo Duk Kwan. During World War 2, Japan occupied Korea, preventing Hwang Kee from opening his studio. After Korea was liberated, he seized his opportunity to open

3476-675: The attack. Unlike freestyle one-step sparring, however, the attacker may then be required to block the defender's counter-attack and strike back. This exercise is often considered more difficult than either freestyle one-step sparring or free sparring, as the defender typically cannot escape to a safe distance in time to avoid the counter to the counter-attack. Kumite within the dojo often differs from competition kumite . In dojo kumite any and all techniques, within reason, are valid; punches, knife hand strikes, headbutt, locks, takedowns, kicks, etc. In competition certain regulations apply, certain techniques are valid, and certain target areas, such as

3555-498: The curriculum of most Tang Soo Do schools, which are required study to earn the midnight blue belt. These hyeong are: Kee Cho forms: Kee Cho Il Bu, Kee Cho E bu, Kee Cho Sam Bu. The Kee Cho series comprises basic patterns. these were created by Gichin Funakoshi , and named taikyoku in Shotokan karate. Pyung Ahn forms: Pyung Ahn Cho Dan, Pyung Ahn E Dan, Pyung Ahn Sam Dan, Pyung Ahn Sa Dan, Pyung Ahn Oh Dan. The Pyung Ahn series

3634-490: The defender to execute a counter-attack faster than in the earlier types of sparring. Counter-attacks may be almost anything, including strikes, grapples, and take-down manoeuvres. Some schools prescribe the defences, most notably the Kase-ha Shotokan-ryū, which uses an eight step, three directional blocking and attacking pattern, which develops from yellow belt level through to advanced level. The next level of kumite

3713-400: The development of modern Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan . These versions of Tang Soo Do are heavily influenced by Korean culture and also appear to be related to Okinawan Karate as initially taught in Japan by Gichin Funakoshi . The Amateur Athletic Union Taekwondo recognizes Tang Soo Do ranks, permits Tang Soo Do hyeong in competition and hosts non-Olympic-style point-sparring to accommodate

3792-516: The dojo: seek perfection of character, be faithful, endeavor to excel, respect others, and refrain from violent behaviour. These rules are called the Five Maxims of Karate. The dōjō kun is usually posted on a wall in the dojo, and some shotokan clubs recite the dōjō kun at the beginning and/or end of each class to provide motivation and a context for further training. Funakoshi also wrote: "The ultimate aim of Karate lies not in victory or defeat, but in

3871-406: The first 1st dan (初段; shodan ) Shotokan karate ranks to Tokuda, Hironori Ōtsuka (Otsuka), Akiba, Shimizu, Hirose, Makoto Gima, and Shinyō Kasuya on 10 April 1924. Soo Bahk Do Soo Bahk Do (수박도) is a martial art founded by Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee , and now is taught by Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Hyun Chul , known as H.C. Hwang, and instructors who are certified by member organizations of

3950-554: The first character, 唐, which referred to the Chinese Tang dynasty , to 空, signifying "empty"; both characters can be pronounced "kara" in Japanese, though 唐 is more commonly rendered as "Tou". Funakoshi ostensibly wanted to avoid confusion with Chinese Kenpō . Funakoshi claimed Okinawan karate could "now be considered a Japanese martial art" and found the China reference "inappropriate" and "in

4029-512: The footwork is the same, but the position of the body when executing blows is markedly different between the styles of competition. Rapid-fire pump-kicking seen in American freestyle point sparring is sometimes used in Tang Soo Do competition. However, in order to score, the final kick in the pump-kick combination should be delivered from a solid base (with erect posture) and with sufficient power, or

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4108-554: The formation of the WT, Taekwondo became centrally governed and Taekwondo terminology was revised favoring Korean terminology. Tang Soo Do commands predate these revisions and many are based on Sino-Korean words. Prolific American action movie star Chuck Norris is one of the most famous practitioners of the martial art. In the Karate Kid franchise , Tang Soo Do serves the basis for the fictional Karate derivative called Cobra Kai, practiced by

4187-451: The founder or head of the different federations of Tang Soo Do. Tang Soo Do forms are a set of moves demonstrating a defensive or aggressive action for every movement taken mainly from Japanese shotokan karate kata . They are based on an offender attacking and one demonstrating the form reacting to their attack. They are generally memorized and demonstrated at a test for ranking up or a tournament. Traditionally, nine forms are included in

4266-537: The head in Tang Soo Do. Tang Soo Do sparring is a contact event. Though often billed as "light" or "no-contact," the typical level of contact is moderate, being controlled to both the body and head (in dan divisions). Most Tang Soo Do practitioners feel that contact in sparring is essential to understanding proper technique and necessary for developing mental preparedness and a level of relaxation critical to focused performance in stressful situations. Unnecessarily or disrespectfully harming an opponent in Tang Soo Do sparring

4345-410: The individual blocks, strikes, and techniques themselves often utilize the more circular constructions of other Korean martial arts , as influenced by Northern Chinese martial arts styles throughout history. Soo Bahk Do uses a traditional belt ranking system for Korean Martial Arts: Note that for some Dojang , a grading system using a Yellow belt prior to orange belt may be employed, especially for

4424-400: The joints or throat, are forbidden. The purpose of competition is to score points through the application of kumite principles while creating an exciting and competitive atmosphere, whereas the purpose of training kumite in the dojo is to be prepared to kill or cripple an opponent in a realistic situation. Gichin Funakoshi had trained in both of the popular styles of Okinawan karate of

4503-432: The last defence. These drills use basic ( kihon ) techniques and develop a sense of timing and distance in defence against a known attack. At around purple belt level karateka learn one-step sparring ( ippon kumite ). Though there is only one step involved, rather than three or five, this exercise is more advanced because it involves a greater variety of attacks and blocks usually the defenders own choice. It also requires

4582-667: The name has been discontinued in some Shotokan dojos) (太極初段), Heian shodan (平安初段), Heian nidan (平安二段), Heian sandan (平安三段), Heian yondan (平安四段), Heian godan (平安五段), Bassai dai (披塞大), Jion (慈恩), Enpi (燕飛), Kanku dai (観空大), Hangetsu (半月), Jitte (十手), Gankaku (岩鶴), Tekki shodan (鉄騎初段), Tekki nidan (鉄騎二段), Tekki sandan (鉄騎三段), Nijūshiho (二十四步), Chinte (珍手), Sōchin (壯鎭), Meikyō/Rōhai (明鏡), Unsu (雲手), Bassai shō (披塞小), Kankū shō (観空小), Wankan (王冠), Gojūshiho shō (五十四歩小), Gojūshiho dai (五十四歩大), and Ji'in (慈陰). Kumite , or sparring (lit. Meeting of hands),

4661-492: The other kwan leaders. One-step sparring (Il Su Sik Dae Ryun) techniques are best described as a choreographed pattern of defense moves against the single step of an attack. Usually performed in pairs, this begins with a bow for respect. One partner then attacks, often with a simple punch, and the other person will perform a series of prearranged techniques, often in a block-attack- takedown sequence. In some styles of Tang Soo Do there are techniques for defenses against grabs. In

4740-648: The parent organization for his new martial arts system of Chun Kuk Do , in 1990. Despite Chuck Norris leaving the American Tang Soo Do, the entity still persists as 16 schools across the USA. Mi Guk Kwan ("American Brotherhood of the Empty Hand Defense") is an organization of 35 schools, founded by Grandmaster Charles J. Ferraro. The Tang Soo Do Mi Guk Kwan system is a classical martial art concerned with scientific and martial theory, form and aesthetics. Tang Soo Do

4819-412: The penetration of stems and roots of the plant to get the sunlight, the green belt symbolizes summer. The red belt this stage represents the seed which is now a flowering plant, representing the students improvement, participation and advancement, It symbolizes Summer. Many schools and organizations still opt to use the black belt. The Moo Duk Kwan, and some Chung Do Kwan schools of Tang Soo Do incorporate

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4898-406: The perfection of the character of the participant." Many terms used in karate stem from Japanese culture. While many are names (e.g. Heian , Gankaku ), others are exclusive to martial arts (e.g. kata , kumite ). Many terms are seldom used in daily life, such as zenkutsu dachi , while others appear routinely, such as rei . The Japanese form is often retained in schools outside Japan to preserve

4977-564: The ridgehand and leg sweeps are typically not allowed. As in traditional Japanese karate-do kumite , scoring techniques in Tang Soo Do competition should be decisive. That is, all kicking and hand techniques that score should be delivered with sufficient footing and power so that, if they were delivered without being controlled, they would stop the aggressive motion of the opponent. There are also similarities between American freestyle point sparring (see North American Sport Karate Association [NASKA] link below) and Tang Soo Do point sparring. Much of

5056-428: The technique is not considered decisive. Consequently, the pace of a Tang Soo Do match can be somewhat slower than would be seen at a typical NASKA-type tournament, but the techniques, theoretically, should be somewhat more recognizable as linear, powerful blows that are delivered from reliably stable stances and body positions. Variation between Tang Soo Do competitions is extensive, but are typically standardized within

5135-437: The theme of gedan barai — oi tsuki , and performing three oi tsuki by following the known "H" pattern or Embusen . Kata is often described as a set sequence of karate moves organised into a pre-arranged fight against imaginary opponents. The kata consists of kicks, punches, sweeps, strikes and blocks. Body movement in various kata includes stepping, twisting, turning, dropping to the ground, and jumping. In Shotokan, kata

5214-494: The three-point rule (the first contestant to score three points wins) or a two-minute rule (a tally of points over one two-minute round, but see also AAU Taekwondo point sparring handbook). Lead and rear-leg kicks and lead and rear-arm hand techniques all score equally (one point per technique). However, to encourage the use of jumping and spinning kicks, these techniques may be scored with a higher point value than standing techniques in some competitions. Open-hand techniques other than

5293-485: The time, there were five kwans, of which only Chung Do Kwan of Won-kuk Lee and Moo Duk Kwan of Hwang Kee identified their martial arts as Tang Soo Do. Shortly after the Korean War and in 1953, four more offshoot schools formed. Of these second-generation kwans, Choi Hong-hi and Nam Tae-hi 's Oh Do Kwan and Lee Young-woo's Jung Do Kwan splintered from Chung Do Kwan style of Tang Soo Do. In 1960s, despite

5372-471: The time: Shōrei-ryū and Shōrin-ryū . After years of study in both styles, Funakoshi created a simpler system that combined the ideals of the two. He never named this system, however, always referring to it simply as "karate." Funakoshi's karate reflects the changes made in the art by Ankō Itosu , including the Heian/Pinan kata series. Funakoshi changed the names of some of the kata in an effort to make

5451-548: The unification. However, Kee would reverse and withdraw Moo Duk Kwan from the process in 1958. Hwang Kee wished to keep Soo Bahk Do away from becoming a sport or for military use, and instead stay about personal growth. On June 30, 1960, Hwang Kee changed the name Moo Duk Kwan's martial art from Tang Soo Do to Soo Bahk Do. After he passed at age 87, the art was taken over by his son Hwang Hyun Chul. However, this led to divisions within Moo Duk Kwan, with certain former students continuing to teach Tang Soo Do at their schools and in 1965,

5530-520: The university clubs and outside dojos , who continued to teach karate after his death in 1957. However, internal disagreements (in particular the notion that competition is contrary to the essence of karate) led to the creation of different organisations—including an initial split between the Japan Karate Association (headed by Masatoshi Nakayama ) and the Shotokai (headed by Motonobu Hironishi and Shigeru Egami ), followed by many others—so that today there

5609-407: The various associations. Because of the close historical relationship between Tang Soo Do and Taekwondo, many of the powerful rear leg and spinning kick techniques seen in both International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) and World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) Taekwondo matches are commonplace in traditional Tang Soo Do competitions. The main difference is that they are not delivered with full contact to

5688-611: The various traditional Korean stylists. American Tang Soo Do was formed in 1966 by Chuck Norris , which is combination of Moo Duk Kwan-style Tang Soo Do, Judo and Karate ( Shito-Ryu and Shotokan ). Over the years it has been further developed by former black belts of his and their students. American Tang Soo Do's original governing body was the National Tang Soo Do Congress (NTC) founded in 1973 by Chuck Norris as its president and Pat E. Johnson as its vice-president and Chief of Instruction after breaking ties with

5767-456: The villainous Cobra Kai Dojo, founded by John Kreese . In particular Johnny Lawrence , a central antagonist of the 1984 film and one of the central protagonists of the sequel series Cobra Kai is one of the most well-known fictional practitioners of the art. In both appearances, Johnny Lawrence is played by William Zabka , who was trained by Pat E. Johnson for the 1984 movie. Sh%C5%8Dt%C5%8Dkan Shotokan ( 松涛館 , Shōtōkan )

5846-400: The wind blows through them), was Funakoshi's pen-name, which he used in his poetic and philosophical writings and messages to his students. The Japanese kan ( 館 , kan ) means "house" or "hall". In honour of their sensei, Funakoshi's students created a sign reading shōtō-kan , which they placed above the entrance of the hall where Funakoshi taught. Gichin Funakoshi never gave his system

5925-482: The younger practitioners. After a participant earns their Cho Dan, (First degree midnight blue), they receive a Don Bon number. This is an ID number used across the globe in Soo Bahk Do. A practitioner holds onto their Dan Bon even after they stop training, and it marks them in the timeline of Soo Bahk Do. As of 2019 50,000 Dan Bon numbers had been issued. Soo Bahk do has three different levels of instructors. The first

6004-531: Was adopted from Okinawan and Japanese karate, where they are called Pinan /Heian and are the creation of Yasutsune Itosu, who also was one of Funakoshi's teachers. Bassai (also known as Pal Che). The Bassai form is also from karate, where it is called Passai/Bassai Dai/Hyung, and was created by Okinawan Bushi Sokon Matsumura. Naihanchi Some schools of Tang Soo Do include Naihanchi forms, such as naihanchi ee dan and naihanchi sam dan. . Chil Sung or "Seven Star" Forms developed in 1952 by Hwang Kee, add

6083-569: Was contraversial and based on no honor and no mercy. "Tang Soo Do" (당수도) is the Korean pronunciation of the Hanja 唐手道 (pronounced Táng shǒu dào in Mandarin), and translates literally to "The Way of the Tang Hand." The same characters can be pronounced "karate-dō" in Japanese. In the early 1930s, approximately 55 years after Japan's annexation of Okinawa, Gichin Funakoshi in coordination with others changed

6162-465: Was formed by grandmaster David Sgro to provide a national network to help Train, Test, and organize Tournaments. Tang Soo Do uses the colored belt system that was instituted by Judo's founder Jigoro Kano and popularized in Karate-do by Gichin Funakoshi. However, minor deviations according to organization and/or individual school are commonplace. One differentiating characteristic of the Moo Duk Kwan style

6241-592: Was introduced to the U.S. by Jhoon Rhee . In the late 1950s and early 60s, Rhee was teaching what he called Korean karate (or Tang Soo Do) in Texas. After receiving the ROK Army field manual (which contained a martial arts curriculum under the new name of Taekwondo ) from Gen. Choi, Rhee began using the name "Taekwondo". Because of its political influence, the KTA , led by its second president, General Choi Hong-hi , tried to assimilate

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