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50-426: TB2 may refer to: Baykar Bayraktar TB2 , unmanned combat aerial vehicle Polikarpov TB-2 , Soviet bomber prototype .tb2, file suffix; see Tar (computing)#Suffixes for compressed files Tubular Bells II , a 1992 album by British musician Mike Oldfield Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

100-462: A Tor missile launcher on the island, while a second launcher was destroyed as it was being unloaded from a landing craft. This cleared the way for a bombing run by a Ukrainian Air Force Sukhoi Su-27 'Flanker' aircraft against buildings on the island. On 23 May 2022, the remains of a Ukrainian Bayraktar TB2, tail number 75 , were found in Romanian territorial waters by Romanian authorities. The drone

150-473: A blended wing body design with an inverted V-tail structure. Thrust is generated by a variable pitch two-blade propeller in pusher configuration . The propeller is mounted between the tail booms and driven by an internal combustion engine located in the body. The monocoque platform is modular with detachable main items such as wing, tail boom, and V-tails. Fuselage pieces are made mostly of carbon fiber composite with machined aluminum parts at joints. Fuel

200-488: A helicopter . On 24 February, the day of invasion, four Bayraktar TB2 drones stationed at Chuhuiv Air base were abandoned and later destroyed on the ground by Ukrainian Forces, amid reported Russian rocket attacks. The People's Militia of the Luhansk People's Republic claimed it shot down two TB2 drones near the city of Luhansk. On 27 February, Ukraine's air force confirmed two strikes by TB2s on Russian convoys in

250-530: A Bayraktar TB2 was shot down by air defenses of the Armenian army over Nagorno-Karabakh . On 8 November 2020, another Azerbaijani Bayraktar TB2 was shot down by air defense, in southeastern Nagorno-Karabakh. As part of its military modernization program, the Armed Forces of Ukraine purchased 12 Bayraktar TB2s in 2019. In January 2019, Baykar signed an agreement with Ukrspetsproject, part of Ukroboronprom , for

300-457: A Bayraktar TB2 was shot down over Kyiv; Russia published images of the drone wreckage. A second TB2 drone was shot down on 29 March 2022, in eastern Ukraine. On 2 April a third TB-2 drone was shot down. On 12 April 2022, one Bayraktar TB2 was claimed to have been shot down by Russian frigate  Admiral Essen off the coast of Crimea . On 13 April 2022, Ukrainian sources claimed at least two R-360 Neptune missiles were responsible for

350-752: A collaboration with Roketsan . Roketsan's MAM and TUBITAK-SAGE 's BOZOK laser-guided bombs were tested for the first time. The aircraft previously relied on imported and regulated components and technologies such as Rotax 912 engines (manufactured in Austria) and optoelectronics ( FLIR sensors imported from Wescam in Canada or Hensoldt from Germany). Bombardier Recreational Products , owner of Rotax , suspended delivery of their engines to certain countries in October 2020, after becoming aware of their military use despite being certified for civil use only. According to

400-865: A goal of around US$ 5–5.5 million for the unit. That is around one-sixth of the price for the US-built Reaper UAV, albeit with the TB2 capable of carrying only one-tenth the payload of the Reaper. The Turkish military's use of the TB2 gained prominence in counterinsurgency operations against sites of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and People's Protection Units (YPG) that were in Iraq and Syria. On 30 June 2018, one Turkish Air Force Bayraktar TB2 crashed due to technical problems in Hatay province, Turkey. In early 2018,

450-638: A major problem, and that, as of January 2021, all of those components have been replaced by locally manufactured alternatives. However, the majority of Baykar's customers—including Ukraine, Poland, Morocco, and Kuwait—declined to purchase the Aselsan CATS electro-optical turret and opted to order the Wescam MX-15D through an authorized distributor. Reasons include a weight increase from 45 to 61 kg (99 to 134 lb), general performance, and compatibility with existing fleets. The Bayraktar TB2 platform has

500-659: A new combat tactical aerial vehicle system at the request of the Presidency of Defense Industries , after the experiences of its first tactical UAV, the Bayraktar Çaldıran or Bayraktar TB1 , delivered to the Turkish army in 2011. The Bayraktar TB2 made its maiden flight in August 2014. On 18 December 2015, a video was published of a test firing of a missile from the Bayraktar TB2, a result of

550-753: A number of other nations around the world in various wars, such as by Azerbaijan in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War , by the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine , as well as by the Ethiopian National Defense Force during the Tigray War . The development of the Bayraktar TB2 was spurred by a U.S. ban on exports of armed unmanned aircraft to Turkey due to concerns that they would be used against PKK groups inside and outside Turkey. Baykar started developing

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600-486: A passenger of a car, a suspected member of a Kurdish rebel group. In 2022, Turkish drone strikes, including Bayraktar drones, killed 50 SDF fighters and 10 civilians. In June 2019, international news media reported that Libya's UN-recognized Government of National Accord (GNA) used Bayraktar TB2s to strike an airbase held by General Haftar's Libyan National Army (LNA). Despite the UN embargo on Libya's ongoing civil war , it

650-473: Is a medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) capable of remotely controlled or autonomous flight operations. It is manufactured by the Turkish company Baykar Makina Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. , primarily for the Turkish Armed Forces . The aircraft are monitored and controlled by an aircrew in a ground control station, including weapons employment. The development of

700-607: Is conducted. TÜBİTAK represents Turkey in international research efforts including memberships in European Science Foundation and the European Union Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development . Following research centers and institutes are subordinate to TÜBİTAK: TÜBİTAK publishes 11 English-language, peer-reviewed and diamond open access academic journals in different scientific fields. TÜBİTAK's first scientific journal

750-400: Is configured with six aerial vehicle platforms, two ground control stations, three ground data terminals (GDT), two remote video terminals (RVT), and ground support equipment. Each aerial platform is equipped with a triply-redundant avionics system. Its ground control system's cross-redundant architecture allows for pilot, payload operator, and mission commander to command, control, and monitor

800-466: Is stored within bladder tanks and fuel consumption is balanced with solenoid valves . The ground control station (GCS) is based on a NATO -spec shelter unit, which is equipped with cross-redundant command and control systems. The mobile unit supports three personnel: pilot, payload operator, and mission commander. The GCS is equipped with redundant air conditioners and nuclear, biological, and chemical filtration (NBC) filtering units. All hardware inside

850-505: Is suspected that at least 3 Bayraktar TB2s were being used over Tripoli by the government forces. Video evidence, as early as 11 June 2019, showed at least one TB2 flying over Tripoli about to land at Mitiga International Airport 's military section, under control of GNA-allied forces. In June 2020, the Defence Minister of Azerbaijan, Zakir Hasanov , announced that Azerbaijan had decided to purchase Bayraktar drones from Turkey. During

900-418: The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war , Bayraktar TB2s were used against the Armed Forces of Armenia with great success. Azerbaijan used TB2s to destroy Armenian artillery, infantry positions, and military vehicles, including BM-30 Smerch MLRS , T-72 tanks , and BMP-1 and BMP-2 IFVs . Nine Osa and Strela-10 air defense systems were also destroyed by Azerbaijani drones, likely TB2s. On 19 October 2020,

950-599: The 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake . The drones have been instrumental in providing continuous updates and data to the crisis-response team for damage detection and search-and-rescue support, along with coordination activities. On 20 June 2023, a Turkish Bayraktar TB2 drone crashed in Qandil, northern lraq. The wreck fell in an area under Kurdish militia control. In March 2020 Bayraktar TB2s, Anka-S UAVs, and an array of Koral electronic jammers were deployed and extensively used in coordinated action to strike Syrian army targets on

1000-676: The Kherson and Zhytomyr regions. The chief of Ukraine's air force, Lieutenant General Mykola Oleschuk , called the UAV system "life-giving". The popularity of the drone in Ukraine led to a song, " Bayraktar ", which praised the drone while also insulting the Russian army and its invasion. Ukrainian drones appear to be equipped with anti-jamming antennas. They appear to use MAM -C and MAM-L laser-guided bombs. Traditional search radars appear to struggle against

1050-672: The National Intelligence Organization of Turkey , to kill the senior (PKK) leader and board member of the Kurdistan Communities Union İsmail Özden in Sinjar District , northwestern Iraq . On 16 May 2021, one Bayraktar TB2 crashed in Zebari, northern Iraq; Kurdish militants claimed to have shot down the drone. A total of 37 Turkish Bayraktar TB2s successfully flew over 1551 hours in the earthquake zone of

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1100-549: The Bayraktar TB2 complex was delivered to the navy in July 2021. During a Russian military buildup in Crimea and near Ukraine's borders, a TB2 conducted a reconnaissance flight over the Donbas region on 9 April 2021. This was the first operational use of the aircraft by Ukrainian forces within an active conflict zone . In October 2021, a TB2 drone was used for the first time in combat during

1150-527: The British newspaper The Guardian , the arming of the Bayraktar TB2 would not have been possible without the help of the UK Hornet micro-munitions bomb rack by EDO MBM Technology Ltd . The bomb rack was provided to Turkey in 2015, and a variant of it was integrated into the aircraft by EDO MBM and Roketsan. In response to The Guardian newspaper article, Baykar Chief Technical Officer Selçuk Bayraktar denied that

1200-648: The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Turkish industry responded to foreign sales boycotts by announcing provision of domestically manufactured alternatives, including the TEI-PD170 engine (manufactured by TEI ), fuel valves, and the CATS FLIR system (manufactured by Aselsan ). Integration tests with that system started on 6 November 2020. Turkish defense industry researcher Kadir Doğan tweeted that cancellation of sales of components to Baykar by foreign companies did not pose

1250-478: The TB2 because of its slow speed and size, which give it a low radar cross section. One radar that was destroyed on 7 May appeared to be actively scanning just prior to supposedly being hit, although Russian units reportedly turn off their own radars to reduce the radar being detected and targeted. The drone can also be deployed within minutes and launched from a normal road. On 26 February 2022, two TB2 drones were claimed shot down near Shchastia . On 17 March 2022,

1300-642: The Turkish government and acts as the secretariat of the Supreme Council for Science and Technology, the highest science and technology policymaking body in Türkiye. TÜBİTAK was established by President Cemal Gürsel , who first formed a scientific council to guide the Ministry of Defense (in parallel to a separate scientific law council to write the new constitution of the Turkish Republic) in 1960 and later ordered

1350-495: The Turkish military combined UAV and artillery tactics in Syria against the YPG. According to Turkey the use of armed responsible for 449 terrorists being killed or wounded, and TB2s, in combined operations, assisted in the neutralization of 680 more. On 15 August 2018, Turkish Land Forces successfully used a Bayraktar TB2 in a joint cross-border operation , of the Turkish Armed Forces and

1400-511: The UAV has been largely credited to Selçuk Bayraktar , a former MIT graduate student. By November 2021, the TB2 drone had completed 400,000 flight hours globally. The largest operator of TB2 drones is the Turkish military, but an export model has been sold to the militaries of a number of other countries. Turkey has used the drone extensively in strikes on Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and People's Protection Units (YPG) targets in Iraq and Syria. Bayraktar drones were later deployed by

1450-506: The areas of basic sciences, engineering, medicine, agriculture and animal husbandry. The number now stands at ten and also includes one assigned to social sciences and humanities, all functioning under the Research Support Programmes Department. A separate “Scientist Training Group”, also set up at the time to orient promising students towards scientific careers and help their advancement thereafter, has now evolved into

1500-528: The arrival of additional TB2 drones. According to video footage released by the armed forces, TB2 drones have successfully destroyed, on different occasions, a Russian command post, military vehicles—including tanks , IFVs , and different types of trucks— surface-to-air missile systems (including Buk and Tor systems), self-propelled artillery , multiple rocket launcher (MLRS), howitzers , and an electronic warfare system . The drone also reportedly destroyed two Russian fuel trains, patrol boats , and

1550-492: The avionics supports autonomous emergency landings on different airfields if necessary. Sensor fusion algorithms, including an inertial navigation system , allow navigation and auto landing even with loss of global positioning signals . Baykar has not stated a price, but has republished on its website several news reports about crowdfunding campaigns launched in 2022 in Europe to buy Bayraktar UAVs for Ukraine, all of them fixing

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1600-773: The beginning of the invasion to late June, Ukraine received over 50 TB2s. On 28 June, Defence Minister Reznikov announced that Baykar would be devoting all of its capacities to meet the needs of the Ukrainian armed forces, fulfilling its requirement for "dozens more" of the aircraft. In July 2022, Haluk Bayraktar, CEO of Baykar, stated in an interview that his company would never supply Russia with its drones as he supports Ukraine's sovereignty and independence. TUBITAK-SAGE TÜBİTAK develops scientific and technological policies and manages R&D institutes, carrying on research, technology and development studies in line with "national priorities". TÜBİTAK also acts as an advisory agency to

1650-624: The bomb rack came from the UK. "We are not buying it from you, we never did. It not only does not work under any circumstances but is also very expensive", Bayraktar said on Twitter. "We have designed and manufactured a more advanced and cost-effective one ourselves." On 19 August 2020 the UK Department for International Trade (DIT) disclosed details of a six-year history of exports of the Hornet bomb rack to Turkey between 2014 and 2020, suggesting that supply of

1700-563: The critical technology to Turkey had continued well beyond the development stage of the Bayraktar TB2 and right up to the publication of the Guardian story in November 2019. 18 Standard Individual Export Licence (SIEL) applications were submitted by EDO MBM Technology between 2014 and 2020 for exports of goods 'related to Hornet Bomb Racks / Hornet Missile Launchers' for end-users in Turkey. Of these, 16 of

1750-494: The destruction of seven Bayraktar TB2s by 5 March 2020. However, there is only visual evidence for three Bayraktar drones being shot down. On 23 August 2020, another Bayraktar TB2 drone was shot down by Syrian air defenses near Kafr Nabl , Idlib, after being detected spotting targets for Syrian rebels. On 22 October 2021, Turkey struck the Syrian town of Ayn al-Arab using Bayraktar TB2s, destroying several vehicles and killing

1800-410: The first secretary general of TÜBİTAK effective March 1, 1964. At that time of its establishment, TÜBİTAK's primary tasks at the time were supporting basic and applied academic research and encouraging careers in science by providing incentives to young researchers, in particular to those working in natural sciences. To carry out these tasks, four research grant committees were set up to fund projects in

1850-402: The foundation of the broader Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye as the extended continuation of his MoD Scientific Council with the primary advisory duty of providing guidance to the government's plans and policies. Subsequently, the bill "278" passed on July 24, 1963, in the new era of planned economy subsequent to the first five-year development plan of the country, set

1900-507: The ground during Operation Spring Shield , launched by Turkey following losses the Turkish forces incurred at the hands of the Russian forces in northwestern Syria at the end of February 2020. The deployment was assessed by experts to be a success and a tactical game-changer. During the week of fighting, Turkish drones took out 73 Syrian armed vehicles. Russian sources said that the Russian-backed Syrian air defences claimed

1950-484: The licences were granted. In October 2020, the drone's use of the Canadian Wescam MX-15D system was disclosed after Armenian officials claimed that remains of a MX-15D system had been recovered from a downed TB2 drone during the nation's conflict with Azerbaijan. That triggered the stopping of MX-15D exports to Turkey while an investigation by Global Affairs Canada evaluates the use of Canadian technology in

2000-444: The main airborne avionics equipment, software, and hardware are under constant development. The electronic power supply for the onboard systems is supported with triple alternators and balanced, smart lithium-ion battery units. A ruggedized heated camera unit is placed in the tail section of the platform to monitor flight, and all payload and telemetry data are saved to the airborne data recorder . The redundant architecture of

2050-596: The official record for the Council's presence and duties. Cahit Arf , who was appointed by Gursel as the founding director and whose leading foundation work was assisted by a group of scientists including Prof. Erdal İnönü , was subsequently named as the first chairman of the Council on December 26, 1963. The Council's first ten members were professors Erdal İnönü , Ratip Berker, Hikmet Binark, Mecit Çağatay, Reşat Garan, Feza Gürsey , Orhan Işık, Mustafa İnan , Atıf Şengün and İhsan Topaloğlu. They nominated Professor Nimet Özdaş as

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2100-469: The platform. The TB2 has a triple-redundant flight control system with autonomous taxi, takeoff, cruise, landing, and parking capability. The computerized flight control system is the primary component, programmed with sensor fusion algorithms that act on real-time sensor data. Mission-specific controls are handled through the mission-control computer system. The aerial platform is guided using various redundant rotary and linear servo actuators. All of

2150-478: The present Science Fellowships and Grant Programmes Division. TÜBİTAK is responsible for the development and coordination of scientific research in line with the national targets and priorities, set by the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA). More than 2,500 researchers work at the 15 different research institutes and research centers attached to TÜBİTAK, where both contract-based and targeted nationwide research

2200-686: The purchase of six TB2s and 3 ground control stations worth US$ 69 million for the Ukrainian army. Ukraine received the first batch of the UAVs in March 2019. After successful testing of the aircraft, the Ukrainian Navy placed a separate order for six TB2s, to be delivered in 2021, according to navy officials. Meanwhile, Turkish and Ukrainian officials announced the establishment of a joint venture to produce 48 additional Bayraktar TB2s in Ukraine . The first batch of

2250-539: The shelter is placed inside racked cabinets. Each operator has dual screens in front, along with the operator interface software used for real-time command, control, and monitoring. While the Turkish Armed Forces describe Bayraktar TB2 as "Tactical UAV Class" to prevent it from being a competitor to the TAI Anka UAV, international standards would classify it as a medium-altitude long-endurance UAV . Each TB2

2300-515: The sinking of the Russian cruiser Moskva – causing an explosion on one of the ship's exposed deckside missile tubes. Drones, likely TB2s, were alleged to have helped decoy the cruiser's defences. On 26 and 27 April, three additional TB2 drones were destroyed, two in Kursk Oblast and the third in Belgorod Oblast , Russia, by a Pantsir-S1 . On 1 May, a TB2 drone with registration S51T

2350-464: The title TB2 . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TB2&oldid=1182483187 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Baykar Bayraktar TB2 The Bayraktar TB2

2400-550: The war, targeting a Russian separatist artillery position, destroying a D-30 howitzer , and halting the bombardment of Ukrainian troops near Hranitne . During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , TB2 drones were used by Ukraine's armed forces against Russian forces and equipment. In January, prior to the invasion, the spokesperson for the air force command, Lt. Col. Yuri Ihnat, stated that "Ukraine has approximately 20 Bayraktar drones, but we will not stop there". On 2 March, Ukrainian defense minister Oleksii Reznikov announced

2450-527: Was likely shot down during the Snake Island attacks of 7 May. On 28 May 2022 Lithuanian citizens fundraised $ 3.2 million, out of the $ 5.37 million unit cost, to buy a single Bayraktar TB2 drone for Ukraine. On 2 June, Baykar said: "The people of Lithuania have honorably raised funds to buy a Bayraktar TB2 for Ukraine. Upon learning this, Baykar will give a Bayraktar TB2 to Lithuania free of charge and asks those funds go to Ukraine for humanitarian aid." From

2500-461: Was shot down in Kursk region, Russia. TB2 losses amounted to seven units confirmed visually. On 2 May, Bayraktar drones operated by Ukraine attacked and destroyed two Russian Raptor-class patrol boats near Snake Island . On 7 May, a TB2 drone attacked and destroyed a Russian Mil Mi-8 transport helicopter as it was unloading passengers on Snake Island. In the same deployment, a TB2 drone destroyed

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