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36-658: It was intended to lead military transformation of alliance forces and capabilities, using new concepts such as the NATO Response Force and new doctrines in order to improve the alliance's military effectiveness. When France rejoined the NATO Military Command Structure in mid-2009, a significant change took place where the Supreme Allied Commander Transformation (SACT) became a French officer. The first French officer to serve as SACT

72-745: A customer-funded arrangement, ACT invests about 30 million Euros into research with the NATO Communications and Information Agency (NCIA) each year to support scientific and experimental programs. A Centre of Excellence (COE) offers recognized expertise and experience to the benefit of the Alliance, especially in support of transformation. Most are single-nation sponsored, but some are sponsored by multiple members. It provides opportunities to enhance education and training, to improve interoperability and capabilities, to assist in doctrine development and/or to test and validate concepts through experimentation. A COE

108-628: A military mission. In light of the Russian invasion of Ukraine , the NATO Response Force can activate up to 40,000 troops. Eight of NATO's thirty member nations have triggered urgent consultations under Article 4 of the NATO Washington Treaty . In advance of the 2022 Madrid summit , Jens Stoltenberg announced the plan to increase the NRF size to more than 300,000 troops, which was approved during

144-484: A new Allied Command Transformation being established as its successor. Admiral Edmund P. Giambastiani Jr. US Navy became the last SACLANT on 2 October 2002. He served as ACLANT commander until 19 Jun 2003. He then served as Supreme Allied Commander, Transformation, until 1 Aug 2005. Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope RN, the Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, then served as Acting Supreme Allied Commander until

180-462: A product of a U.S. international and inter-agency initiatives termed " Maritime Domain Awareness ," serves to counter threats to the maritime commons including terrorism, human/drug smuggling, piracy, and espionage. Since Allied Command Atlantic became Allied Command Transformation, commanders have included non-naval officers. Gen. Lance L. Smith USAF commanded ACT from 10 Nov 2005 until 9 Nov 2007. He

216-592: A threat to the member states of NATO. After a NATO meeting on 25 February 2022, NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg stated that the NATO leadership had agreed to deploy part of the NRF to alliance members in Eastern Europe. Stoltenberg said that the Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, currently led by France, would be among the units sent. This was the first time the NRF had been activated for

252-584: Is currently filled by General Chris Badia of the German Air Force. He succeeded General Paolo Ruggiero, Italian Army, who succeeded Admiral Manfred Nielson, German Navy, who succeeded General Mirco Zuliani of the Italian Air Force, General Mieczysław Bieniek of the Polish Land Forces , Admiral Luciano Zappata ( Italian Navy ) and Admiral Stanhope. For several years, in a carryover from SACLANT,

288-529: Is headed by the Deputy Chief of Staff (DCOS) Transformation who acts as the Supreme Allied Commander, Transformation's (SACT) Director for guidance and coordination of the activities of his or hers Directorate Transformation, divided in two divisions: Implementation and Capabilities. Within the full scale of SACT's transformational responsibilities the Deputy Chief of Staff (DCOS) Transformation assists

324-523: Is not a part of the NATO Military Command Structure , but their activities with NATO are coordinated through Headquarters SACT. Since COEs are predominantly multinational entities, most COEs are overseen by a steering committee (SC), that sets the programme of work and approves the budget for the COE. The SC consists of one voting representative of each Sponsoring Nation (SN) and a various number of observers. All decisions are made by consensus. Principles: NATO has

360-500: Is responsible for guidance and coordination of the activities of three Sub-Divisions: of Strategic Concepts, Policy and Interoperability (SCPI); Future Capabilities, Research and Technology (FCRT) and Defence Planning (Def Plan) in their efforts to staff Capabilities, Concepts and Development products. Reflecting NATO as a whole, ACT has a presence on both sides of the Atlantic. Before the deactivation of United States Joint Forces Command ,

396-568: The Afghan presidential elections , as well as to provide humanitarian assistance in the United States after Hurricane Katrina and in Pakistan after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake . Due to equipment shortages, unfulfilled troop commitments and falling political support among member countries, the size of the NRF was cut in half in 2007 and not used again until 2022. During the 2014 Wales summit following

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432-534: The annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation , NATO leaders agreed to reorganize the NRF's core troops into a "spearhead force" known as a "Very High Readiness Joint Task Force" (VJTF) designed to be able to deploy at 48 hours notice, although the actual level of readiness was generally several weeks. It was also for the first time linked explicitly to NATO's Article 5 obligations . Altogether, it amounted to around 30,000 troops. For most of its existence,

468-643: The 1st Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party , the Prime Minister and the Minister of the National Defense ) introduced again the rank of general of the army. As the only person to hold the newly introduced rank, he was thought of as an ersatz -Marshal , as he could not promote himself to the rank of Marshal of Poland after the death of Marian Spychalski . In 1995 the rank was yet again abolished;

504-467: The 3rd ID, the 1st Brigade, 1st ID, and an Initial Brigade Combat Team of the 82nd Airborne Division , all to be deployed as needed for the situation). Two forward-deployed headquarters, one from V Corps (United States) , and the capability for one from XVIII Airborne Corps , were positioned in Poznan, Poland, and Wiesbaden, Germany respectively, should any further need arise for a proportionate response to

540-663: The Chief of Staff (COS) in the execution of his or her duties with emphasis on deliverables to the Alliance Military Transformation Process in order to enhance NATO's operational capabilities and to meet NATO's future requirements. The Implementation Division, led by Assistant Chief of Staff (ACOS) Implementation, is responsible for guidance and coordination of the activities of two Sub-Divisions, Joint Education and Training (JET) and Joint Experimentation, Exercises and Assessment (JEEA), as well as providing guidance for

576-458: The Deputy's position was filled by a Royal Navy admiral. Stanhope's succession by Zappata meant an end to this practice. Allied Command Transformation's current mission is to: A large number of conferences and seminars have been organised by the command in fulfilment of its conceptual development mission. These have included CD&E, a national Chiefs of Transformation conference, an examination of

612-738: The European countries of NATO with U.S. troops and supplies in the event of a Soviet/ Warsaw Pact invasion of Western Europe. Following the end of the Cold War , the Command was reduced, with many of its subordinate headquarters spread across the Atlantic area losing their NATO status and funding. However, the basic structure remained in place until the Prague Summit in the Czech Republic in 2002. This led to ACLANT being decommissioned effective 19 June 2003, and

648-786: The Global Commons, Law of Armed Conflict , and a Multiple Futures project. The command's headquarters is in Norfolk, Virginia , in the United States . HQ SACT itself is organised into a command group, the Transformation Directorate, the Transformation Support Directorate, National Liaison Representatives, the Partnership for Peace Staff Element and Reservists responsible to HQ SACT. The Transformation Directorate

684-558: The Joint Warfare Centre (JWC) and Joint Analysis Lessons Learned Centre (JALLC), in their efforts to enhance training programs, to carry out concept development and experimentation, to press on common standards, and to develop effective programs to capture and implement lessons learned. This division probably serves as NATO's linkpoint to the annual U.S.-led Coalition Warrior Interoperability Demonstration . The Capabilities Division, led by Assistant Chief of Staff (ACOS) Capabilities,

720-521: The NRF is preceded by a six-month NATO exercise program to integrate and standardize the various national contingents. Generally, nations carry out a pre-training period in preparation for the NATO exercises, lasting between 6–18 months. Once activated, Reconnaissance Teams deploy within 5 days. This is the first of a number of deployment phases that lead to the deployment of the entire HQ Joint Task Force and Immediate Reaction Forces within 30 days. The NRF trains for various tasks, including: The NRF concept

756-458: The NRF were alerted or deployed. On 11 February 2022, a U.S. Army brigade combat team of about 4,700 troops from the 82nd Airborne Division was ordered to Poland, while a Stryker squadron (battalion-sized cavalry unit) was sent from Vilseck 's Rose Barracks to Romania. On 11 February 2022 F-35A squadrons of the 388th and 419th Fighter Wings deployed from the U.S. to patrol NATO's eastern flank. On 16 February 2022, 8,500 troops in some of

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792-766: The Polish Army with the structures of the Warsaw Pact (and, more precisely, of the Red Army ), a new rank of generał armii (General of an Army) was introduced, as a direct copy of the Soviet rank of General of the Army ( Russian : Генерал армии ). However, after the death of Joseph Stalin and the end of Stalinism in Poland, the general officers rank structure returned to the pre-war pattern. In 1981 Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski (being at this time

828-463: The arrival of General Lance L. Smith USAF in November 2005. At the 2002 Prague Summit, it was decided that NATO should change its military structures and concepts, and acquire new types of equipment to face the operational challenges of coalition warfare against the threats of the new century. Thus NATO's military command structure was reorganized. One strategic command, Allied Command Transformation,

864-571: The following accredited COEs: 50°29′58″N 3°59′02″E  /  50.49944°N 3.98389°E  / 50.49944; 3.98389 NATO Response Force The NATO Response Force ( NRF ) is a high-readiness NATO rapid deployment force comprising land , sea , air , and special forces units capable of being deployed quickly within short notice. The NRF currently comprises more than 500,000 troops. Its forces include units from several non-NATO member partners, including Ukraine (since 2014), and Georgia (since 2015). The NRF

900-400: The highest rank. The symbols of the rank are the wężyk generalski (pronounced [ˈvɛ̃ʐɨk ɡɛnɛˈralskʲi] ), or "general's wavy line", and four stars, present on the rogatywka cap, sleeves of the uniform, and above the breast pocket of a field uniform. In Polish military traditions the highest rank was always the rank of Marshal of Poland , with three General's grades below. However,

936-460: The lack of enthusiasm of NATO's member states for the NRF resulted in chronic equipment and personnel shortages. It was sometimes branded a wasteful failure and an insignificant force next to NATO's more established units. Nevertheless, some military scholars argue that it played a significant role in modernizing European militaries as their troops rotated through it. As Russian troops built up around Ukraine in early 2022, various units attached to

972-498: The last pre-NATO generałs were Jaruzelski and Gen. Florian Siwicki , who both died in the early 2010s. However, with Poland's entry into the structures of NATO in 1999 a need arose to unify the Polish rank system with that of English-speaking countries (and more precisely, the US). Hence the rank of Generał was re-introduced. The rank of Marshal of Poland remains as the "wartime" rank, given to

1008-495: The summit. This has since grown to over 500,000 Genera%C5%82 Generał (pronounced [ɡɛˈnɛraw] ) is the generic Polish language term for the rank of general . In narrow sense it is used to denote the rank of a four-star general introduced on August 15, 2002 (formerly generał armii - general of the army). The highest rank of the Polish Army , Marshal of Poland , is not used in peacetime, leaving Generał as

1044-459: The system differed significantly from other systems of rank insignia used in both armies of the Warsaw Pact and the NATO . Because of lack of the rank of four-star general, the Polish ranks were usually a grade higher than their name suggested. Thus the rank of Generał brygady was an equivalent of Major General rather than Brigadier General as the name suggested. In 1954, during the integration of

1080-788: The two organisations were co-located, and indeed shared a commander for some time. There is an ACT command element located at SHAPE in Mons , Belgium. ACT's major subordinate commands are the Joint Warfare Centre (JWC) in Stavanger , Norway; the Joint Force Training Centre (JFTC) in Bydgoszcz , Poland; and the Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre (JALLC) in Monsanto, Portugal. Under

1116-450: The units that make up the U.S. contribution to the NRF were put on alert for possible rotational deployment to EUCOM's area of responsibility. By 25 February 2022, 7,000 troops from this force, including the 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 3rd Infantry Division — 4700 troops, plus support units), were deployed to Germany. This marked the first time in decades that three U.S. heavy brigades deployed to EUCOM concurrently (the 1st Brigade of

Allied Command Transformation - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-402: Was French Air Force General Stephane Abrial (2009–2012). Allied Command Transformation was preceded by Allied Command Atlantic (ACLANT) established in 1952 under the overall command of Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic (SACLANT), with its headquarters at Norfolk, Virginia . ACLANT's purpose was to guard the sea lines of communication between North America and Europe in order to reinforce

1188-636: Was first endorsed with a declaration of NATO's Heads of State at the Prague Summit on 22 November 2002 and approved by NATO Defence Ministers in June 2003. Dual headquarters were created in Naples , Italy and Brunssum , Netherlands; command rotates annually between them. In 2004 and 2005, NRF units were activated for a small number of civilian missions, including to provide security at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens and

1224-558: Was focused on transforming NATO, while the other strategic command focused on NATO's operations, Allied Command Operations . Initial reports about a NATO transformation command began to appear in July 2002. ACT was formally established on June 19, 2003. A suite of "Baseline for Rapid Iterative Transformational Experimentation" (BRITE) software was designed in response to the Maritime Situational Awareness request. This request,

1260-496: Was formed in June 2003 per endorsements at the 2002 Prague summit . Units assigned to the NRF were only used for disaster relief and security until February 2022, when it was activated for the first time in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine . The NRF structure consists of four parts: Rotating forces through the NRF requires nations to meet the demanding standards needed for collective defense and expeditionary operations. As its standards are very high, participation in

1296-870: Was succeeded by Gen. James N. Mattis USMC, who served from 9 Nov 2007 - 08 Sep 2009. A significant change was the assumption of command by a French officer, after France rejoined the NATO Command Structure in mid-2009. General Stéphane Abrial , former chief of the French Air Force assumed command in 2009. French Air Force General Jean-Paul Paloméros replaced Abrial at the end of September 2012. On 30 September 2015 French Air Force General Denis Mercier succeeded General Paloméros, in September 2018 General André Lanata succeeded General Mercier, and in 2021 General Philippe Lavigne succeeded General Lanata. The Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Transformation position

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