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67-698: Mission Pass , also known as the Sunol Grade and formerly as Stockton Pass , is a gap in the hills of the Mount Hamilton Range in Alameda County, California . It lies to the northeast of Mission San José , in Fremont , and leads from there into the Sunol Valley . Its elevation is 659 feet (201 m) above sea level. Today, Interstate 680 traverses this pass. The first Europeans to cross Mission Pass were

134-470: A frequent target of Urban renewal programs. The West End in Cincinnati , Bronzeville, Chicago , and West Philadelphia were all typical streetcar suburbs which were partially or completely demolished as part of postwar urban renewal programs. Now somewhat urban in appearance, former streetcar suburbs are readily recognizable by the neighborhood structure along and near the route. Every few blocks, or along

201-460: A greater sense, the streetcar suburbs of the early 20th century worked well for a variety of reasons. Miami's Coral Gables neighborhoods were built in the 1920s as the earliest suburbs of Downtown Miami by early Miami developers. Coral Gables was connected to Downtown, by a series of streetcars down Coral Way . Today, Coral Gables homes are some of the most expensive single-family homes in Miami, as

268-549: A new era of transportation-influenced suburbanization through the birth of the "streetcar suburb". The early trolley allowed people to effortlessly travel in 10 minutes what they could walk in 30, and was rapidly introduced in cities like Boston and Los Angeles , and eventually to all larger American and Canadian cities. There were 5,783 miles of streetcar track serving American cities in 1890; this grew to 22,000 by 1902 and 34,404 by 1907. By 1890, electric streetcar lines were replacing horse-drawn ones in cities of all sizes, allowing

335-464: A person could exit the transport near home, do some light shopping for dinner items, and continue by walking to his or her residence. These buildings also provided shopping for a non-employed spouse. Very few small groceries remain (outside of dense cities), though the space is often now used for non-foodstuff retail, capable of drawing clients from outside of the immediate neighborhood. Modern streetcar suburbs are usually served by buses which run roughly

402-813: A vibrant main street, usually the one where the trams traversed, that contains most of the shops, businesses and services, while smaller dépanneurs (Convenience stores) line the intersections of the smaller residential streets. Many communities in Essex County, New Jersey were served by the Public Service Railway lines that fed into the Newark City Subway and the Newark Public Service Terminal including Irvington, Maplewood, Montclair, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge and The Oranges. Some of these routes remain today as NJ Transit Bus routes including

469-569: Is a special district within Alameda County created to distribute water, but it is not operated by Alameda County administrators. It is operated by an elected board of directors. Alameda County Superior Court operates in twelve separate locations throughout the county, with its central René C. Davidson Courthouse located in Oakland near Lake Merritt . Most major criminal trials and complex civil cases are heard at this location or in courtrooms within

536-536: Is absent for a meeting, the vice president shall be responsible. A Board election occurs every two years for these positions. Supervisor Carson is serving currently as president; Supervisor Miley is vice president. The county's law enforcement is overseen by an elected Sheriff/Coroner and an elected District Attorney. The Sheriff supervises the deputies of the Alameda County Sheriff's Office , whose primary responsibilities include policing unincorporated areas of

603-627: Is below the national average of 12.8% (including Black Hispanics). The Black population peaked in the 1980 Census at 18.4%. Alameda county has the 2nd highest percentage of Black residents in California after Solano County at 13.4%. If Hispanics are treated as a separate category from race, Alameda County's population was 30.4% White , 30.9% Asian , 22.3% Hispanic-Latino , 10.3% Black or African American , 0.5% Some Other Race, 0.3% Native American and Alaskan Native , 0.8% Pacific Islander and 4.4% from two or more races . Asian Americans are now

670-532: Is served by the Wellington Cable Car , and Karori transport once linked to it. The inner suburbs of many Australian cities were planned around tram lines. Melbourne 's existing extensive tram network includes some examples of existing tram suburbs where tram was the dominant form of early transportation and still a major form of transport, including Carlton , Fitzroy , St Kilda , Albert Park , South Melbourne and Brunswick . Sydney also once had

737-607: Is the local government for all unincorporated areas, and provides services such as law enforcement to some incorporated cities under a contract arrangement. It is composed of the elected five-member Alameda County Board of Supervisors (BOS) as the county legislature, several other elected offices and officers including the Sheriff , the District Attorney , Assessor , Auditor-Controller/County Clerk/Recorder , Treasurer/Tax Collector , and numerous county departments and entities under

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804-587: The 2020 census , the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland . Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area , occupying much of the East Bay region. The Spanish word alameda means either "a grove of poplars...or a tree lined street". The name was originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda;

871-653: The Diablo Range , containing the county's highest peaks, cover the very sparsely populated southeast portion of the county. The Hayward Fault , a major branch of the San Andreas Fault to the west, runs through the most populated parts of Alameda County, while the Calaveras Fault runs through the southeastern part of the county. The areas near the Bay itself have a maritime warm-summer Mediterranean climate , whereas behind

938-550: The Hayward Fault . The county seat was then re-established in the town of Brooklyn from 1872 to 1875. Brooklyn is now part of Oakland , which has been the county seat since 1873. Much of what is now an intensively urban region was initially developed as a trolley car suburb of San Francisco in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Key System moved commuters to and from the Key System Mole , where ferries bridged

1005-538: The Philadelphia Main Line . As early as 1850, 83 commuter stations had been built within a 15-mile radius of Boston . Chicago saw huge developments, with 11 separate lines serving over 100 communities by 1873. A famous community served was Riverside, Illinois , arguably one of the first planned communities in the United States, designed in 1869 by Frederick Law Olmsted . However, the suburbs closest to

1072-499: The San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area . The county was formed on March 25, 1853, from a large portion of Contra Costa County and a smaller portion of Santa Clara County . The county seat at the time of the county's formation was located at Alvarado , now part of Union City . In 1856, it was moved to San Leandro , where the county courthouse was destroyed by the devastating 1868 quake on

1139-622: The Spanish explorers Pedro Fages , and Padre Juan Crespí in 1772. It was later used by Spanish soldiers in their expeditions into the San Joaquin Valley . It was part of the route of El Camino Viejo between Livermore Valley and the Mission San Jose and from the Mission to what is now Contra Costa County . It was used by later American explorers Jedediah Smith and John Fremont . During

1206-417: The census of 2000, there were 1,443,741 people, 523,366 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living within them, 47.0% married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

1273-473: The willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees. Although a strict translation to English might be "Poplar Grove Creek", the name of the principal stream that flows through the county is now simply " Alameda Creek ". Alameda County is part of the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , and

1340-609: The 21, 25, 27, 29 and 39. Soon after the city's founding in 1856, many different companies provided horse-drawn cars, streetcars and eventually busing throughout the city. Streetcar service stopped on March 4, 1955. Some of the communities served exclusively as streetcar suburbs included: During the late-1800s, streetcars spurred development in numerous villages in Washington County, D.C. , including Brightwood , Mount Pleasant , Tenleytown , Chevy Chase , LeDroit Park , Uniontown , and Brookland . All lost streetcar service by

1407-598: The ACFD over the years. 1993 brought in the Castro Valley and Eden Consolidated FD, and the County Fire Patrol. San Leandro joined in 1995, Dublin in 1997, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 2002, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2007, The Alameda County Regional Emergency Communications Center in 2008, and Newark and Union City in 2010. Emeryville joined the ACFD in 2012. The Alameda County Water District

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1474-754: The Charter of the County of Alameda. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments such as the Government of Alameda County, while municipalities such as the City of Oakland and the City of Berkeley provide additional, often non-essential services. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, and public health. In addition it

1541-747: The County Administration Building across the street. In the California State Assembly , Alameda County is split between five districts: In the California State Senate , the county is split between three districts: In the United States House of Representatives , the county is split between four districts: Since 1932, Alameda County has been a stronghold of the Democratic Party, with Dwight Eisenhower being

1608-542: The New World. Here, therefore, the term "streetcar suburb" is not needed as distinct concept as most neighborhoods in many European cities are tram-oriented, especially in those countries which still had a lower rate of private automobile ownership in the 20th century, such as in the former Soviet Union . An example is the city of Prague , the capital of the Czech Republic . Prague has built many new suburban roads since

1675-418: The beginning of a complete separation between residential and commercial areas in cities. Unlike railroad suburbs, which tended to form in pockets around stations along the interurban line, streetcar suburbs formed continuous corridors stretching outwards from city cores. The streetcar lines themselves were either built on roads that conformed to the grid, or on former turnpikes radiating in all directions from

1742-490: The boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens , which were not part of New York City at that time. They commuted by ferries. In 1852, architect Alexander Jackson Davis designed Llewellyn Park in New Jersey , a planned suburb served by both ferry and steam railroad . In the 1840s and 1850s, new railroad lines fostered the development of such New York City suburbs as Yonkers , White Plains , and New Rochelle . The steam locomotive in

1809-561: The centre of the city. This is broadly similar to many mid-sized European cities. As housing was scarce in much of the Eastern bloc, new construction mostly occurred in the Plattenbau / Panelák style and new neighborhoods were planned from the outset with a tram connection to enable easy commuting. Examples include the planned developments of Berlin Marzahn , Halle-Neustadt or Dresden- Gorbitz . In

1876-460: The city center towards the more distant railroad suburbs. For the first time, transportation began to separate social and economic classes in cities, as the working and middle class continued to live in areas closer to the city center, while the rich could afford to live farther out. The introduction of the electrical streetcar in Richmond, Virginia , in 1887 by Frank J. Sprague marked the start of

1943-656: The city were based on horsecars and eventually cable cars . First introduced to America around 1830, the horse-drawn omnibus was revolutionary because it was the first mass transit system, offering regularly scheduled stops along a fixed route, allowing passengers to travel three miles sitting down in the time it would take them to walk two miles. Later more efficient horse-drawn streetcars allowed cities to expand to areas even more distant. By 1860, they operated in most major American and Canadian cities, including New York, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Chicago , Cincinnati, Saint Louis, Montreal, and Boston. Horsecar suburbs emanated from

2010-534: The city, sometimes giving such cities a roughly star-like appearance on maps. Along the lines, developers built rectangular "additions" with homes, usually on small lots, within a five- to ten-minute walk of the streetcar. These were essentially built on the grid plan of the older central cities, and typically spread out in between streetcar lines throughout a city. Streetcar use continued to increase until 1923 when patronage reached 15.7 billion, but it declined in every year after that as automobile use increased amongst

2077-459: The county and cities within the county which contract with the Sheriff's Office for police services; providing security and law enforcement for county buildings including courthouses, the county jail and other county properties; providing support resources, such as a forensics laboratory and search and rescue capabilities, to other law enforcement agencies throughout the county; and serving the process of

Mission Pass (Alameda County) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2144-566: The county on the north. Stanislaus County borders the county on the easternmost end of its southern boundary for 250 feet (76 m). A 2014 analysis by The Atlantic found Alameda County to be the fourth most racially diverse county in the United States, in terms of closest to equal representation of each racial and ethnic group,—behind Aleutians West Census Area and Aleutians East Borough in Alaska, and Queens County in New York—as well as

2211-438: The county was $ 55,946, and the median income for a family was $ 65,857 (these figures had risen to $ 66,430 and $ 81,341 respectively as of a 2007 estimate ). Males had a median income of $ 47,425 versus $ 36,921 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 26,680. About 7.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 13.5% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over. In 2000,

2278-663: The county's Superior Court system. The District Attorney's office is responsible for prosecuting all criminal violations of the laws of the state of California, the county, or its constituent municipalities, in the Alameda County Superior Court. The current Sheriff is Yesenia Sanchez , who was elected in 2022, succeeding Greg Ahern , who had served in the post for 16 years. The Sheriff's Office operates two jails: Santa Rita Jail in Dublin , and Glenn E. Dyer Detention Facility in downtown Oakland . In 2009, Nancy E. O'Malley

2345-476: The early part of the California Gold Rush it was on the main land route to Stockton and the gold fields. This Alameda County, California –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Alameda County, California Alameda County ( / ˌ æ l ə ˈ m iː d ə / AL -ə- MEE -də ) is a county located in the U.S. state of California . As of

2412-577: The electric streetcar, the term can be used for any suburb originally built with streetcar-based transit in mind, thus some streetcar suburbs date from the early 19th century. As such, the term is general and one development called a streetcar suburb may vary greatly from others. However, some concepts are generally present in streetcar suburbs, such as straight (often gridiron ) street plans and relatively narrow lots. By 1830, many New York City area commuters were going to work in Manhattan from what are now

2479-401: The entire route in well-preserved neighborhoods, there are small commercial structures, storefronts usually flush with the sidewalk; these were small stores—often groceries—operated by "mom and pop" operators who lived in quarters behind or above the establishment. Off-street parking, if it exists at all, is in the rear of the building. Because stores were originally built along streetcar lines,

2546-451: The fall of communism and also has an extensive metro and bus system, but because its central core is a UNESCO World Heritage Site , the city authorities limit new road construction in historic areas. Instead the tram system is the backbone of the transportation system, with many pre-communist and communist-era neighborhoods featuring brick and plaster walk-up apartment buildings lining roads that are served by several tram routes which run into

2613-474: The gap across San Francisco Bay . The historical progression from Native American tribal lands to Spanish then Mexican ranches, then to farms, ranches, and orchards, then to multiple city centers and suburbs, is shared with the adjacent and closely associated Contra Costa County . The Government of Alameda County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution , California law , and

2680-464: The initial houses have burned or been torn down, are usually too narrow for modern residential zoning regulations, meaning that it is difficult to infill housing in well-preserved streetcar suburbs. Occasionally two lots are combined into one for a wide enough lot, or many houses are torn down for a new use as needed. However, in some cases where historic zoning applies, infill housing is encouraged or required to match neighboring housing standards. In

2747-603: The intersection of streetcar lines, or directly along more heavily traveled routes (otherwise, routes would simply be lined with houses similar to those found in the surrounding neighborhoods). These shops would sometimes be multi-story buildings, with apartments on the upper floors. These provided convenient shopping for household supplies for the surrounding neighborhoods, which could potentially be visited on one's way to or from work. While there were stores near houses, they were not quite as close as in older parts of cities, and they were usually confined to specific streets, representing

Mission Pass (Alameda County) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2814-556: The largest tram network in the Southern Hemisphere , with many of the contemporary main streets of different suburbs having been built around tram stops. In the Old World, many residential neighborhoods were developed in the early days of industrial urbanization before electric streetcars/trams were invented. However, in much of Europe tram systems eventually came to play a much larger role in public transportation than in most of

2881-588: The largest denominational group was the Catholics (with 306,437 adherents). The largest religious bodies were the Catholic Church (with 306,437 members) and Judaism (with 32,500 members). Racial Makeup of Alameda County (2019) Racial Makeup of Alameda County excluding Hispanics from racial categories (2019) NH=Non-Hispanic Racial Makeup of Hispanics in Alameda County (2019) According to 2019 US Census Bureau estimates, Alameda County's population

2948-866: The largest racial/ethnic group at 30.9% (excluding Asian Hispanics). White Non-Hispanic Americans are the largest minority group at 30.4% of the population. By ethnicity, 22.3% of the total population is Hispanic-Latino (of any race) and 77.7% is Non-Hispanic (of any race). If treated as a category separate from race, Hispanics are the third largest minority group in Alameda County. The largest ancestry group of Hispanics in Alameda County (2018) are of Mexican descent (72.9% of Hispanics) followed by Salvadoran descent (5.5% of Hispanics), Guatemalan descent (3.9%), Puerto Rican descent (3.4%), Spaniard descent (2.0%), Nicaraguan descent (1.7%), Peruvian descent (1.4%), Cuban descent (1.2%), Colombian descent (1.1%), and those of other Hispanic ethnicity or of mixed Hispanic ethnicity (6.9%). The following table includes

3015-473: The lines to be extended and fostering a tremendous amount of suburban development. They were often extended out to formerly rural communities, which experienced an initial surge of development, and then new residential corridors were created along the newly built lines leading to what had sometimes been separate communities. On side streets, the houses closest to the original streetcar line are often as much as ten to twenty years older than houses built farther down

3082-402: The mid 19th century provided the wealthy with the means to live in bucolic surroundings, to socialize in country clubs and still commute to work downtown. These suburbs were what historian Kenneth T. Jackson called the " railroad suburbs " and historian Robert Fishman called a "bourgeois utopia". Outside of Philadelphia , suburbs like Radnor , Bryn Mawr , and Villanova developed along

3149-634: The mid-1960s. From the late 1880s to the end of the streetcar era, transit lines spread out of Washington and into the surrounding areas of Montgomery and Prince George's counties in Maryland, heading out to Rockville , Forest Glen , Kensington , Takoma Park , and Berwyn Heights . In particular, the streetcar helped shape the development of the Gateway Arts District from Mount Rainier through Hyattsville and Riverdale Park and beyond through College Park to Laurel . Kelburn, New Zealand

3216-426: The middle and upper classes. By the 1930s, the once-profitable streetcar companies were diversifying by adding motorized buses and trackless trolleys to their fleets. By the 1940s, streetcar ridership had dropped dramatically, and few subdivisions were being built with streetcars or mass transit in general in mind. By the 1950s, nearly all streetcar lines had stopped running, and were instead served by buses. Compared to

3283-584: The middle class. The houses in a streetcar suburb were generally narrow in width compared to later homes, and Arts and Crafts movement styles like the California Bungalow and American Foursquare were most popular. These houses were typically purchased by catalog and many of the materials arrived by railcar, with some local touches added as the house was assembled. The earliest streetcar suburbs sometimes had more ornate styles, including late Victorian and Stick . The houses of streetcar suburbs, whatever

3350-430: The most diverse county in California. The 2020 census shows Alameda as having one of the highest Asian percentages and being the only county in the continental US, along with neighboring Santa Clara County, California , to have an Asian plurality - consisting largely of Chinese, Indian and Filipino ancestry. The 2010 United States Census reported that Alameda County had a population of 1,510,271. The population density

3417-433: The mountains, summers are significantly warmer. The climate charts below are for Oakland and inland Livermore . The City and County of San Francisco, California , borders the county on the west, and has a small land border with the city of Alameda, California due to land filling. Santa Clara County borders the county on the south. San Joaquin County borders the county on the east. Contra Costa County borders

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3484-470: The number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense. The Alameda County Office of Education oversees seventeen K–12 school districts and one K–8 district in Alameda County. In all, there are approximately 10,000 teachers serving 225,000 students. The ACOE also services three community college districts with a total enrollment of approximately 55,000 students. Trolley car suburb Although most closely associated with

3551-485: The only Republican presidential nominee to have carried the county since. Prior to 1932, the county had been a Republican stronghold. Piedmont resident William F. Knowland was the Republican U.S. Senate Leader from 1953 to 1959. Even when Ronald Reagan won the national popular vote by an 18.3% margin in 1984 , Walter Mondale won Alameda County by a larger margin. In 2004 it voted for John Kerry , who won over 75% of

3618-430: The original streetcar routes, and may offer highly reasonable mass transit commute times to downtowns and other business areas, especially compared to later automobile suburbs. Toronto, Ontario , Canada is an example of a city in which most streetcar suburbs are still served by streetcars . House prices in streetcar suburbs vary by neighborhood and city. Lots left empty in these areas during initial development, or where

3685-407: The sixth highest "no" vote, by percentage, of all California counties, and was the second largest county, by total voter turnout, to vote against it. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 821 square miles (2,130 km ), of which 739 square miles (1,910 km ) is land and 82 square miles (210 km ) (10%) is water. The San Francisco Bay borders the county on

3752-407: The street, reflecting the initial surge and slow completion of a development. Because streetcar operators offered low fares and free transfers, commuting was finally affordable to nearly everyone. Combined with the relatively cheap cost of land farther from the city, streetcar suburbs were able to attract a broad mix of people from all socioeconomic classes, although they were most popular by far with

3819-522: The streetcars, which were the primary method of transport at their peak and ran very frequent service, the replacement buses tended to be much less frequent and reliable. In the second half of the 20th century, streetcar suburbs in many American cities suffered serious deterioration. The home ownership boom facilitated by the Federal Housing Administration excluded neighborhoods which received negative reviews from FHA and bank officials in

3886-462: The style, tended to have prominent front porches, while driveways and built-in garages were rare, reflecting the pedestrian-focused nature of the streets when the houses were initially built. Setbacks between houses were not nearly as small as in older neighborhoods (where they were sometimes nonexistent), but houses were still typically built on lots no wider than 30 to 40 feet. Shops such as groceries, bakeries, and drug stores were usually built near

3953-592: The supervision of the County Administrator. In addition, several entities of the government of California have jurisdiction conterminous with Alameda County, such as the Alameda County Superior Court . The current supervisors are: The Board elects a president who presides at all meetings of the Board and appoints committees to handle work involving the major programs of the county. If the president

4020-592: The underwriting process. FHA standards at the time discouraged many design features common in streetcar suburbs; small lots, narrow streets, semi-detached housing , lack of off-street parking, and mixing single-family houses with apartment or commercial buildings were all viewed negatively in FHA reports. This meant that streetcar suburbs were very frequently redlined . Without streetcar services, and lacking adequate space and infrastructure for residents to keep private automobiles, these neighborhoods were considered obsolete and were

4087-511: The vast majority of them have been preserved since the 1920s. Within Coral Gables, Miracle Mile has urbanized over the decades, becoming a dense, urban neighborhood with numerous high rise apartment and office towers. Most of Montreal's streetcar suburbs feature a mix of attached red-brick or greystone duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes and multiplexes with exterior staircases instead of narrow-lot single-family homes. These areas usually feature

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4154-408: The vote. Every city and town voted Democratic. George H.W. Bush in 1988 was the last Republican to break 30% of the county's vote and Ronald Reagan in 1984 was the last to break 40% of the vote (carrying 40.01%). On November 4, 2008, Alameda County voted 61.92% against Proposition 8 , which won statewide, and which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriage . The county garnered

4221-516: The west. The crest of the Berkeley Hills forms part of the northeastern boundary and reaches into the center of the county. A coastal plain several miles wide lines the bay; and is Oakland's most populous region. Livermore Valley lies in the eastern part of the county. Amador Valley abuts the western edge of Livermore Valley and continues west to the Pleasanton Ridge. The ridges and valleys of

4288-570: Was 2,047.6 inhabitants per square mile (790.6/km ). The racial makeup of Alameda County was 649,122 (43.0%) White , 190,451 (12.6%) African American , 9,799 (0.6%) Native American , 394,560 (26.1%) Asian (9.7% Chinese, 5.5% Filipino, 4.8% Indian, 2.0% Vietnamese, 1.2% Korean, 0.8% Japanese, 2.2% Other Asian), 12,802 (0.8%) Pacific Islander , 162,540 (10.8%) from other races , and 90,997 (6.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 339,889 persons (22.5%): 16.4% Mexican, 0.8% Puerto Rican, 0.2% Cuban, 5.1% Other Hispanic. As of

4355-410: Was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.31. In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 33.9% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.00 males. The median income for a household in

4422-689: Was 38.8% White (30.4% Non-Hispanic White and 8.4% Hispanic White ), 10.7% Black or African American , 31.1% Asian , 11.5% Some Other Race, 0.8% Native American and Alaskan Native , 0.8% Pacific Islander and 6.4% from two or more races . The White population continues to remain the largest racial category in Alameda County and includes the 37.7% of Hispanics who self-identify as White. The remainder of Hispanics self-identify as Other Race (49.2%), Multiracial (8.7%), American Indian and Alaskan Native (1.9%), Black (1.5%), Asian (0.9%), and Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (0.2%). The Black population continues to decline and at 10.7% (including Black Hispanics )

4489-416: Was appointed Alameda County district attorney after Tom Orloff retired. She served two terms and did not run for reelection in 2022. Pamela Price was elected as district attorney in 2022. The Alameda County Fire Department (ACFD) was formed on July 1, 1993, as a dependent district, with the Board of Supervisors as its governing body. Municipal and specialized fire departments have been consolidated into

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