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33-781: The regency occupies the eastern end of Madura island and also includes numerous smaller islands to the east (primarily Talango Island , the Sapudi Islands , and the Kangean Islands ), to the north (the Masalembu Islands ), and to the south (the Giligenteng Islands ) of Madura. It is bordered by the Pamekasan Regency to the west, Madura Strait to the south, and the Java Sea to the north and east. Its administrative capital

66-512: A population of about four million, most of whom are ethnically Madurese . The main language of Madura is Madurese , one of a family of Austronesian languages , which is also spoken in part of eastern Java and on many of the 66 outlying islands. The Madurese are a large ethnic population in Indonesia, numbering around 7 million inhabitants. They come from the island of Madura as well as surrounding islands, such as Gili Raja , Sapudi , Raas , and

99-488: A single island, was formed in 202 as a result of a powerful earthquake. This version does not have any scientific confirmation . The Madura Strait coastal community, like other coastal communities also has coastal culture, one of its cultures, is when every specific date, based on the Islamic calendar , is held a tradition called Pethik Laut , which is in the form of releasing offerings carried together and released to middle of

132-628: A wider range of themes, is more popular on the island. The gamelan orchestra, best known as a classical Javanese instrument, is also played on Madura, where several of the former royal courts, such as at Bangkalan and Sumenep, possess elaborate gamelans. Tongtong music, more exclusive to Madura, is played on several wooden or bamboo drums, and often accompanies bull-racing competitions. The Madurese are considered to be excellent sailors. Madurese vessels loaded with cargoes of wood from other islands, like Borneo , used to ply their trade between Indonesia and Singapore . Traditional vessels of Madura include

165-507: Is Sumenep . The airport nearby is Trunojoyo Airport with flights to Surabaya. Sumenep Regency is located at the eastern end of Madura Island; it also includes 126 scattered islands located between 113 ° 32'54 "-116 ° 16'48" East Longitude and between 4 ° 55'-7 ° 24 'South latitude. The regency is bordered to the south by the Strait of Madura and the Bali Sea , to the north by the Java Sea , to

198-432: Is about 50,000 km +. Sumenep Regency is divided into twenty-seven districts ( kecamatan ), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census and the 2020 census, together with the official estimates as of mid-2023. The table also includes the location of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 328 rural desa and 4 urban kelurahan -

231-402: Is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java . The island comprises an area of approximately 4,436.77 square kilometres (1,713.05 sq mi) (administratively 5,374.17 square kilometres (2,074.98 sq mi) including various smaller islands to the east, southeast and north that are administratively part of Madura's easternmost Sumenep Regency ). Administratively, Madura

264-711: Is one of the largest power plants on the island of Java. Tourism objects on the Madura Strait coast, including the famous ones are Kenjeran Beach in Surabaya, Bentar Beach in Probolinggo District, and Pasir Putih Beach in Situbondo Regency . Sea transportation facilities are ferry boats, which connect the Madura Strait on two lines, namely the connecting line Ujung Port (Surabaya) with the Port of Kamal (Bangkalan, Madura), and

297-465: Is part of the province of East Java . It is separated from Java by the narrow Madura Strait . The administered area had a density of 755.6 people per km (1,957 per sq. mile) in mid-2023, while the main island had a somewhat higher figure of 840 per km (2,175.5 per sq. mile). Madura is named for Madurai , the home of the Hindu deity Azhagar . In 1624, Sultan Agung of Mataram conquered Madura, and

330-451: The Dutch era , the island has also been a major producer and exporter of salt . Bangkalan , on the western end of the island, has industrialized substantially since the 1980s. This region is within a short ferry ride of Surabaya , Indonesia's second-largest city, and hence has gained a role as a suburb for commuters to Surabaya, and as a location for industry and services that need to be near

363-579: The Kangean Islands to the east of Madura, the smaller Sapudi Islands lying between Madura and the Kangean Islands, and Talango Island closer to Madura; it also includes the small Masalembu Islands to the north (between Madura and Kalimantan ) and the Giligenteng Islands to the southeast of Madura. The mainland (i.e. the area on Madura Island itself) covers 1,156.07 km (with 808,553 inhabitants in mid 2023) consisting of 18 districts, while

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396-581: The Kangean Islands . In addition, many Madurese live in the eastern part of East Java , commonly called the "Horseshoe", from Pasuruan to the north of Banyuwangi . Madurese are found in Situbondo and Bondowoso, and east of Probolinggo, Jember , and a few at most who speak Javanese, including North Surabaya , as well as some of Malang . Madura has a Sunni Muslim majority and a large Shia minority. However, since 2012, interfaith discord has escalated violent, resulting in attacks on many Shia villages around

429-519: The Ramayana and Mahabharata , is the Madurese performance artist best known outside the island, due to its role as a representative Madurese art form at exhibitions of regional cultures from all over Indonesia. However, performances of it are rare on Madura and are generally restricted to entertainment at large official functions. The less formal loddrok theatre, where performers do not wear masks and perform

462-585: The golekan , leti leti (or leteh-leteh), lis-alis , and janggolan . Madura Strait Madura Strait is a stretch of water that separates the Indonesian islands of Java and Madura , in the province of East Java . The islands of Kambing, Giliraja, Genteng, and Ketapang lie in the Strait. The Suramadu Bridge , the longest in Indonesia, spans the strait between Surabaya on Java and Bangkalan on Madura. In some old Western and old Indonesian sources,

495-738: The 1740 rebellion in Central Java after the Chinese massacre in 1740. In a 1743 treaty with the Dutch, Pakubuwono I ceded the full sovereignty of Madura to the Dutch, which was contested by Cakraningrat IV . Cakraningrat fled to Banjarmasin , took refuge with the British, was robbed and betrayed by the sultan, and captured by the Dutch and exiled to the Cape of Good Hope . The Dutch continued Madura's administrative divisions of four states each with their own regent. The island

528-456: The Giligenteng Islands to the southeast of Madura. The mainland (i.e. the area on Madura Island itself) covers 1,156.07 km (with 808,553 inhabitants in mid 2023) consisting of 18 districts, while the various islands are 937.40 km in area (with 333,657 people in mid 2023), comprising 9 districts, with 128 islands, 46 inhabited. Note: (a) comprising 4 kelurahan (Bangselok, Karangduak, Kepanjin and Pajagalan) and 12 desa . (b) includes

561-400: The basis for Madura's famous bull-racing competitions. Small-scale fishing is also important to the subsistence economy. Among export industries, tobacco farming is a major contributor to the island's economy. Madura's soil, while unable to support many food crops, helps make the island an important producer of tobacco and cloves for the domestic kretek (clove cigarette) industry. Since

594-498: The beach. The majority of the people's livelihoods throughout the Madura Strait coastline are fishermen and salt farmers , even the strait coastal area is also one of the largest salt producers in Indonesia. The Madura Strait is also used as an object of tourism, industry and transportation. One of power plant industries, namely PLTU Paiton, is located on the coast of the strait, namely in the Paiton sub-district, Probolinggo Regency and

627-519: The city of Sampang being attacked and the residents' escape for government refugee centers. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs has provided details of such attacks in 2013. Madura Island is part of East Java province and is divided into the following four regencies , listed from west to east: Note: Sumenep Regency, besides including the eastern quarter of Madura Island, also includes many offshore islands - notably

660-527: The city. The Surabaya-Madura (Suramadu) Bridge , opened in 2009, is expected to further increase the Bangkalan area's interaction with the regional economy. Almost all parts of Madura are lowlands and closer to equator , which make the island is warmer and drier than the mainland of East Java . According to Köppen-Geiger climate classification , the climate of coastal Madura is tropical savannah ( Aw ). According to Köppen-Geiger climate classification ,

693-559: The climate of inland Madura is tropical savannah ( Aw ). Madura is famous for its bull-racing competition (called karapan sapi ), where a jockey , usually a young boy, rides a simple wooden sled pulled by a pair of bulls over a course of about 100 meters in ten to fifteen seconds. Several forms of music and theatre are popular on Madura, particularly among lower-class people for whom they provide an inexpensive form of entertainment and community-building. The topeng theatre, which involves masked performances of classic stories such as

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726-457: The connecting line Kalianget Port (Sumenep, Madura) with Pelabuhan Jangkar (Situbondo, East Java ) Other transportation facilities, namely the Suramadu Bridge is a means of land transportation connecting Java-Madura and has a very large impact on the economy of the two islands. [REDACTED] Media related to Madura Strait at Wikimedia Commons This East Java location article is

759-443: The island of Gili Iyang (also known as Pulau Oksigen ) east of Madura, with an area of 9.15 km and an estimated mid-2023 population of about 8,600 people in 2 desa (Bancamara in the south and Banraas in the north). The districts are subdivided (as at 2007) into: Madura Madura Island ( Indonesian : Pulau Madura , Madurese : Polo Madhurâ ; [pɔlɔ ˈmaʈʰurɤ] , Pèghu : ڤولو مادْوراْ‎ ‎, Carakan : ꦥꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦩꦢꦸꦫ)

792-609: The island of Madura, and Ketapang Island in the coastal waters of Probolinggo Regency. As a maritime waterway , the Madura strait connects various seas along the Java sea , Bali sea , and Bali strait . A remarkable story about the origin of the Madura Strait is contained in the Javanese historical poem of Nagarakertagama , dating from circa 1365. According to the author of the poem, the strait between Java and Madura, which originally were supposedly

825-519: The island's government was brought under the Cakraningrats , a single princely line. The Cakraningrat family opposed Central Javanese rule and often conquered large parts of Mataram. Following the First Javanese War of Succession between Amangkurat III and his uncle, Pangeran Puger , the Dutch gained control of the eastern half of Madura in 1705. Dutch recognition of Puger was influenced by

858-496: The island, such that most ethnically Madurese people do not now live on Madura. People from Madura were some of the most numerous participants in government transmigration programs , moving to other parts of Indonesia. Subsistence agriculture is a mainstay of the economy. Maize is a key subsistence crop, on the island's many small landholdings. Cattle -raising is also a critical part of the agricultural economy, providing extra income to peasant farmer families, in addition to being

891-492: The latter all in Sumenep (town) District), and their postcodes. Sumenep Regency, besides including the eastern quarter of Madura Island, also includes many offshore islands - notably the Kangean Islands to the east of Madura, the smaller Sapudi Islands lying between Madura and the Kangean Islands, and Talango Island closer to Madura; it also includes the small Masalembu Islands to the north (between Madura and Kalimantan ) and

924-404: The lord of West Madura, Cakraningrat II who is thought to have supported Puger's claims in the hope that a new war in central Java would provide the Madurese with a chance to interfere. However, while Amangkurat was arrested and exiled to Ceylon, Puger took the title of Pakubuwono I and signed a treaty with the Dutch that granted them, East Madura. The Cakraningrats agreed to help the Dutch quash

957-594: The strait commonly appears as Surabaya Strait ( Indonesian : Selat Surabaya ), but this name is not accepted in the official cartography . The Madura Strait is located in the east of the province of northern East Java, precisely in the southwest, north, and east of the city of Surabaya; east of Sidoarjo Regency ; west and south of the island of Madura ; and north of the Pasuruan , Probolinggo , and Situbondo area. In this strait there are also small islands, including Kambing Island, Giliraja Island, and Genteng Island near

990-495: The various islands are 937.40 km in area (with 333,657 people in mid 2023), comprising 9 districts, with 128 islands, 46 inhabited. On the whole, Madura is one of the poorest regions of the East Java province. Unlike Java , the soil is not fertile enough to make it a major agricultural producer. Limited economic opportunities have led to chronic unemployment and poverty. These factors have led to long-term emigration from

1023-677: The west by Pamekasan Regency (the only land border), and to the east by the Java Sea and the Flores Sea . The total land area of Sumenep Regency is 2,093.47 km: this was formerly quoted as comprising 179.32 km of settlements, 423.96 km of forest, 14.68 km of grass area or vacant land, 1,130.19 km of farm/moor/bush/field, 59.07 km of pool/aquaculture/brackish water/lakes/reservoirs/wetlands, and 63.41 km of "other" areas. The marine area of Sumenep Regency, with its vast diversity of marine resources and potential for fishery,

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1056-561: Was administered as a federative state known as the State of Madura . Madura Island is a relatively flat topography and there is no significant difference in elevation, which makes Madura a badland . Geologically, Madura is part of the northern limestone mountains of Java . The limestone hills in Madura are lower, rougher, and rounder than the hills in northern Java. Religion in Madura Island (2023) Madura (including its offshore islands) has

1089-565: Was initially important as a source of colonial troops and in the second half of the nineteenth century it became the main source of salt for Dutch-controlled territories in the archipelago. The Dutch gradually sidelined the Sultan and took over direct control of the entire island in the 1880s, governing it as the Madoera Residency . From 1948 to 1950, under the United States of Indonesia , Madura

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