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63-887: The modern-day province of Sukhothai was named after the Sukhothai Kingdom that once ruled the area, which in turn borrowed its name from the Sanskrit terms sukha ( सुख 'happiness') + udaya ( उदय 'rise', 'emergence'), meaning 'dawn of happiness'. Sukhothai is in the valley of the Yom River in the lower north of Thailand. The provincial capital, Sukhothai Thani is 427 kilometres (265 mi) north of Bangkok and 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of Chiang Mai . The province covers 6,671 km (2,576 sq mi). The Khao Luang Mountain Range, with its four main peaks: Khao Phu Kha, Khao Phra Mae Ya, Khao Chedi, and Pha Narai, lies within

126-513: A district in Thailand is about 75,345 people. The names of amphoe are usually unique, but in a few cases different Thai names have the same form in English due to the flaws of the romanization system . The notable exception, however, is the name Amphoe Chaloem Phra Kiat , which was given to five districts created in 1996 in celebration of the 50th anniversary of King Bhumibol Adulyadej 's accession to

189-534: A kingdom at Martaban , the predecessor to Hanthawaddy (present-day Bago , Myanmar ). Martaban is traditionally considered a tributary state of Sukhothai, but such Sukhothai domination may not have extended that far. With regard to religion and culture, Ram Khamhaeng requested monks from Sri Thamnakorn to propagate Theravada Buddhism in Sukhothai. In 1283, the Sukhothai script was likely invented by Ram Khamhaeng;

252-463: A position similar to both that of a viceroy and an heir presumptive , establishing a form of personal union and creating the Siamese Front Palace system. Prince Ramesuan was presumably accompanied by Ayutthayan administrative staff and a military garrison, thus affirming the end of Sukhothai as an independent kingdom. Under tributary status, the former territories of Sukhothai, known to

315-539: A tributary state of Ayutthaya until it was annexed by the kingdom in 1438 after the death of Borommapan. Despite this, the Sukhothai nobility continued to influence the Ayutthaya monarchy in centuries after through the Sukhothai dynasty . Sukhothai is traditionally known as "the first Thai kingdom" in Thai historiography, but current historical consensus agrees that the history of the Thai people began much earlier . The ruins of

378-461: A vassal state. He was succeeded by Sai Lue Thai (Maha Thammaracha III) in 1399. In 1424, after the death of Sai Lue Thai, his sons Phaya Ram and Phaya Ban Mueang fought for the throne. Intharacha of Ayutthaya intervened and installed Ban Mueang as Borommapan (Maha Thammaracha IV). When Borommapan died in 1438, Borommarachathirat II of Ayutthaya installed his son Ramesuan (the future Borommatrailokkanat of Ayutthaya) as Upparat in Sukhothai,

441-655: Is divided into nine districts ( amphoes ). These are further divided into 86 subdistricts ( tambons ) and 782 villages ( mubans ). As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Sukhothai Provincial Administration Organisation ( ongkan borihan suan changwat ) and 21 municipal ( thesaban ) areas in the province. Sukhothai, Sawankhalok and Si Satchanalai have town ( thesaban mueang ) status. Further 18 subdistrict municipalities ( thesaban tambon ). The non-municipal areas are administered by 69 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO ( ongkan borihan suan tambon ). There are five highways traversing Sukhothai: Sukhothai Airport

504-620: Is in Sawankhalok District , about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from downtown. Flights operate daily between Sukhothai and Bangkok. The Rail system in Sukhothai is part of the Sawankhalok Line , a branch line which splits from the Chiang Mai Main Line at Ban Dara Junction , Uttaradit and ends at Sawankhalok Station , 30 kilometers from Sukhothai town. Songthaew Songthaews are the most popular form of public transport in

567-573: Is most known for its historical city of Sukhothai, the first capital of Siam, founded by King Ramkhamhaeng. The province's temples and monuments have been well restored and Sukhothai Historical Park is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other interesting places include Ramkhamhaeng National Museum , Ramkhamhaeng National Park , Si Satchanalai Historical Park , Khao Luang National Park and The Royal Palace and Wat Mahathat. Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using

630-411: Is not to be confused with the capital town itself, which is a different administrative entity usually much smaller than the district. Until the 1930s, most of the capital districts had names just like other districts, whereas districts dating back to old provinces had the word mueang in their name. In 1938 all the capital districts were renamed amphoe mueang , whereas in all non-capital districts mueang

693-529: Is one wildlife sanctuary, along with three other wildlife sanctuaries, make up region 14 (Tak) of Thailand's protected areas. Sukhothai was a town founded in the 13th century on the fringe of the Khmer empire . The exact year is unknown, but according to the Fine Arts Office it was between 1238 and 1257. Founded by Phokhun Si Intharathit, it was the first truly independent Thai (Siamese) Kingdom after defeating

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756-444: Is still partially a subordinate of the amphoe it was created from. When the king amphoe meets the necessary qualifications to become an amphoe , it is usually promoted. However, not every newly created amphoe begins as a king amphoe : if the qualifications are met directly, this phase is skipped. While usually a minor district is upgraded after a few years, in some cases it remains a minor district for decades. For example, Ko Yao

819-532: Is the ghost shetfish ( Kryptopterus vitreolus ) according to local legend about Phra Ruang , the one with sacred speech. The provincial slogan is "Source of national heritage and pride, birth place of the Thai alphabet, fireworks of the Loy Krathong festival, preservation of Buddhism, the fine Teen Jok cloth, ancient golden chinaware, holy image of Ramkhamhaeng the Great's mother, the dawn of happiness". The province

882-569: The British diplomatic mission. From then on, as a part of modern nation-building process, modern national Siamese history included the history of the Sukhothai Kingdom. Sukhothai was said to be the "first national capital", followed by Ayutthaya and Thonburi , until Rattanakosin , or today Bangkok . Sukhothai history was crucial among Siam's "modernists", both "conservative" and "revolutionary". Sukhothai history became even more important after

945-577: The Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017. 17°0′21″N 99°49′35″E  /  17.00583°N 99.82639°E  / 17.00583; 99.82639 Sukhothai Kingdom The Sukhothai Kingdom was a post-classical Siamese kingdom ( maṇḍala ) in Mainland Southeast Asia surrounding

1008-590: The Menam valley and the Malay peninsula as far as Tawi ( Dawei ) and Yansaleng ( Junk Ceylon ?). This purported influx of armed Tai may have had something to do with establishing the Tai kingdom of Sukhothai. According to legend, in 1238, a group of Central Thai peoples led by a local mueang chief, Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao, rebelled against the governor at Sukhodaya and established Sukhothai as an independent Thai state. Bang Klang Hao

1071-459: The Royal Gazette on 24 August the order became official. The administration of the district is housed in an office building called thi wa kan amphoe (ที่ว่าการอำเภอ), which also marks the center of each district. Distances on road signs are always calculated to this office building. The office is usually in the largest settlement of the district, to make it easily accessible to the majority of

1134-664: The Siamese Revolution of 1932 . Research and writing on Sukhothai history were abundant. Ideas derived from the inscription were studied and "theorised". One of the most well-known topics was Sukhothai's "democracy" rule. Stories of the close relationship between the king and his people, vividly described as a "father-son" relationship, were considered the "seed" of ancient Thai democracy; however, changes in government took place when later society embraced "foreign" traditions, like those of Angkor , influenced by Hinduism and "mystic" Mahayana Buddhism . The story of Sukhothai became

1197-536: The Sukhothai Historical Park . They include the Ta Pha Daeng Shrine, Wat Phra Phai Luang, and Wat Si Sawai. It was then shifted to Tai 's Lan Na since the early 14th century and steadily influenced by Mon and Sri Lanka through Theravada Buddhism since the reign of Ram Khamhaeng . In 1270, Si Inthrathit died and was succeeded by his son Ban Mueang . At the end of Ban Mueang's reign, he

1260-480: The initial Thai script to the kingdom. Ram Khamhaeng also initiated relations with Yuan China , through which the kingdom developed the techniques to produce and export ceramics like sangkhalok ware . After the reign of Ram Khamhaeng, the kingdom fell into decline. In 1349, during the reign of Li Thai (Maha Thammaracha I), Sukhothai was invaded by the Ayutthaya Kingdom, a neighboring Thai polity. It remained

1323-425: The "first evidence" of the history of Sukhothai. Mongkut said that he found a "first stone inscription" in Sukhothai which told of heroic kings such as Ram Khamhaeng , the administrative system, and other developments in what was considered the "prosperous time" of the kingdom. The story of Sukhothai was incorporated into Thailand's "national history" in the late 19th century by Mongkut as a historical work presented to

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1386-524: The "foreign ideology" of Cambodian communism . Other aspects of Sukhothai were also explored under the new curriculum, such as the commoner and slave status as well as economics. These topics became the subject of ideological controversy during the Cold War and the communist insurgency in Thailand . Districts of Thailand An amphoe (sometimes also amphur , Thai : อำเภอ , pronounced [ʔām.pʰɤ̄ː] )—usually translated as "district"—is

1449-480: The 13th to 14th centuries, Sukhothai was strongly influenced by the Khmer culture as Lavo the regional center. About some fifty kilometers north of Sukhodaya stood another sister town, Sri Sajanalaya , that would later become Si Satchanalai ( Thai : ศรีสัชนาลัย ), an important center of Sukhothai politics alongside the capital. Under Lavo control, various monuments was built in the city, several of which still stand in

1512-640: The Ayutthayan elite through marriage alliances, and often played the role of kingmaker in Ayutthayan succession conflicts. Sukhothai military leaders served prominently in Ayutthaya's army as the military tradition of Sukhothai was considered to be tougher. From 1456 to 1474, former Sukhothai territory became a battleground during the Ayutthaya-Lan Na War (1441–1474). In 1462, Sukhothai briefly rebelled against Ayutthaya and allied itself with their enemy, Lan Na . In 1463, Borommatrailokkanat temporarily moved

1575-516: The Bangkok administrative reform of 1972. The number of districts in provinces varies, from only three in the smallest provinces, up to the 50 urban districts of Bangkok . Also the sizes and population of districts differ greatly. The smallest population is in Ko Kut ( Trat province ) with just 2,042 citizens, while Mueang Samut Prakan ( Samut Prakan province ) has 509,262 citizens. The khet of Bangkok have

1638-684: The Burmese, and Bayinnaung installed Maha Thammaracha (Sanphet I) as the vassal king in Ayutthaya and the first king of the Sukhothai dynasty . In 1584, Maha Thammaracha and his son, the Upparat and future Naresuan the Great (Sanphet II), would free Ayutthaya from Burmese overlordship in the Burmese-Siamese War of 1584–1593 . After the Battle of the Sittaung River, Naresuan forcibly relocated people from

1701-454: The English word "king". The officially recommended translation is "minor district" —however they are also quite commonly translated as sub-district, which is the recommended translation for tambon , and also wrongly suggests that they are at a lower administrative level than the amphoe . The Thai government upgraded all remaining 81 minor districts to full districts on 15 May 2007 in order to streamline administration. With publication in

1764-537: The Khmers. Sukhothai enjoyed a golden age under their third king, King Ramkhamhaeng , who was credited with creating the Khmer-derived Thai alphabet which is essentially the same as that in use today. He also laid the foundation for politics, the monarchy and religion, as well as expanding its circle of influence. Sukhothai was later ruled by many kings. The province is most known for the historic city of Sukhothai ,

1827-568: The Ramkhamhaeng National Park in the south of the province. Si Satchanalai National Park is in the northwest, protecting the mountainous forest areas of the Phi Pan Nam Range at the northern end of the province. The total forest area is 1,975 km (763 sq mi) or 29.6 percent of provincial area. The two national parks, along with six other national parks, make up region 14 (Tak) of Thailand's protected areas. There

1890-479: The ancient capital city of Sukhothai in present-day north-central Thailand . It evolved from a trading hub to a city-state in 1127 and emerged into the kingdom by Si Inthrathit in 1238. Sukhothai existed as an independent polity until 1438 when it fell under the influence of the neighboring Ayutthaya after the death of Borommapan (Maha Thammaracha IV). Sukhothai was originally a trade center in Lavo —itself under

1953-464: The bordering cities surrounding the capital. By the end of his reign in 1270, Sukhothai covered the entire upper valley of the Chao Phraya River , then known simply as Mae Nam ( Thai : แม่น้ำ , 'mother of waters'), the generic Thai name for all rivers. In the first era, Sukhothai strongly shared a connection with western Mon neighbor, Hanthawaddy Kingdom , in present-day lower Myanmar . From

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2016-439: The capital district is also the most populous district of the province, as the provincial administration is usually in the largest town of the province. Songkhla province is the most striking exception, as the town (and thus also the district) Hat Yai grew much faster than the capital Mueang Songkhla due to its better transport connections. There are four districts in Thailand ( Chan , Pan , Suang , and Yang ) which contain

2079-546: The capital of the Sukhothai Kingdom . It is about 12 km from the modern New Sukhothai city. Not far from Sukhothai are the Si Satchanalai Historical Park and the Kamphaeng Phet Historical Park . Both were cities in the former Sukhothai kingdom and at the same time period. Sukhothai Kingdom was merged into Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1438. The province was at first known as Sawankhalok; it

2142-479: The death of Ram Khamhaeng. To the north, Uttaradit and the Lao kingdoms of Muang Sua and Vieng Chan Vieng Kham (present-day Vientiane ) liberated themselves from their Sukhothai overlords. In 1319, Martaban in the west broke away. In 1321, Lan Na (the successor state to Ngoenyang ) annexed Tak , one of the oldest towns in Sukhothai. To the south, Suphannaphum Kingdom and Nakhon Si Thammarat also broke free early in

2205-476: The earliest evidence of this ancient Thai writing is seen in the Ram Khamhaeng Inscription , discovered by Mongkut (Rama IV) nearly six centuries later. The script later evolved into the modern Thai script of today. It was also during this time that the first relations with Yuan China were established and Sukhothai began sending trade missions to China. The well-known exported good of Sukhothai

2268-527: The historical kings of Sukhothai, and married one of Maha Chakkraphat's daughters, strengthening his claim to both a historical and present monarchy. Despite this, the title of Upparat went to Maha Chakkraphat's son Ramesuan (who died in 1564) and later his brother Mahinthrathirat . After a series of wars with the Burmese Toungoo Empire , Maha Thammaracha allied himself with the Burmese against Ayutthaya. In 1569, Ayutthaya under Mahinthrathirat fell to

2331-541: The kingdom's capital, now 12 km (7.5 mi) outside the modern town of Sukhothai Thani in Sukhothai Province , are preserved as the Sukhothai Historical Park and have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The English term Sukhothai ( Thai : สุโขทัย ) is the romanization of the Thai word per the Royal Thai General System of Transcription . The Thai word for the historical country

2394-412: The lower Chao Phraya River basin, made Sukhothai emerge as the logistics hub in the region and evolved into a city-state no later than 1127, which continued until the establishment of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238. In contrast, some historians suggest the migration of Tai peoples into Mainland Southeast Asia was somewhat gradual, and likely took place between the 8th and 10th centuries. Prior to

2457-463: The model of "freedom". Chit Phumisak , a "revolutionary" scholar, saw the Sukhothai period as the beginning of the Thai people's liberation from their foreign ruler in Angkor. During military rule beginning in the 1950s, Sukhothai was increasingly featured in the Thai national history curriculum. Sukhothai's "father-son" model for Thai democracy in contrast to Angkorian tradition became one of freedom from

2520-474: The monarch's residence to Song Khwae, presumably to be closer to the frontline, and the city was permanently renamed to Phitsanulok. Contemporary Portuguese traders described Ayutthaya and Phitsanulok as "twin states". In 1548, Maha Chakkraphat named Khun Phirenthorathep, a noble from the Sukhothai clan, as the leader in Phitsanulok. Phirenthorathep was conferred with the name Maha Thammaracha in line with

2583-421: The new city and the rural areas. Larger sized Songthaews travel to and from the old and new cities. Air-conditioned buses run regularly from Sukhothai Bus Terminal to Bangkok and Chiang Mai, stopping at other major towns on the way. Non air-conditioned buses are for inter-provincial travel to the other districts. Tuk-tuks and motorbike-taxis are popular for short journeys within the new town. Sukhothai province

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2646-412: The northern cities of Phitsanulok , Sukhothai , Phichai , Sawankhalok , Kamphaeng Phet , Phichit , and Phra Bang closer to Ayutthaya. Since then, the ruins of the capital city of the former Sukhothai Kingdom have been preserved as the Sukhothai Historical Park and designated a World Heritage Site . The Silajaruek of Sukhothai are hundreds of stone inscriptions that form a historical record of

2709-524: The northern part of the province mainly speak Kham Muang (also known as Northern Thai language or Lan Na ). The provincial seal shows King Ram Khamhaeng the Great sitting on the Managkhasila Asana throne. Under King Ramkhamhaeng the kingdom of Sukhothai flourished. The provincial tree is Afzelia xylocarpa . The provincial flower is the Lotus ( Nymphaea lotus ). The provincial aquatic life

2772-531: The people of Ayutthaya as the Northern Cities ( Thai : เมืองเหนือ , RTGS :  Mueang Nua ), continued to be ruled by local aristocrats under Ayutthaya's overlordship per the mandala systems of both dominions. The mandalas would politically and culturally merge during the 15th and 16th centuries, and Sukhothai's warfare, administration, architecture, religious practice, and language influenced those of Ayutthaya. Sukhothai nobles linked themselves with

2835-407: The period. Among the most important inscriptions are the Ram Khamhaeng Inscription (also known as Inscription No. 1), Silajaruek Wat Srichum (an account on the history of the region itself and of Sri Lanka ), and Silajaruek Wat Pamamuang (a politico-religious record of Loe Thai). Mongkut (Rama IV) is considered the champion of Sukhothai narrative history due to his discovery of Inscription No. 1,

2898-428: The present-day Fang and was then re-established in 957 by Aphai Kamini ( อภัยคามินี ) who evacuated from Haripuñjaya after the capital Haripuñjaya was sacked by Kuy people from Umongasela. Sukhothai declared independence from Umongasela in 1017 during the reign of Arun Kuman ( อรุณกุมาร ). Controlling trade routes between Mon city-states in the west and Tai kingdoms in the north, as well as other polities in

2961-532: The reign of Loe Thai. Thus, the kingdom was quickly reduced to its former status as merely a local power. In 1323, Loe Thai was succeeded by his cousin, Ngua Nam Thum . In 1347, he was succeeded by Li Thai (Maha Thammaracha I), the son of Loe Thai. In 1349, armies from Ayutthaya invaded the kingdom and forced Sukhothai to become its tributary. The center of power in the tributary state shifted to Song Khwae (present-day Phitsanulok ). In 1378, Lue Thai (Maha Thammaracha II) had to submit to this new Thai power as

3024-685: The rise of Sukhothai, various other Tai kingdoms existed in the neighboring northern highlands. These include Ngoenyang of the Northern Thai people (present-day Chiang Saen ) and Chiang Hung of the Tai Lue people (present-day Jinghong , China ). According to semi-legendary Shan documents, the Mau Shan Prince, Sam Lung-pha of Mogaung , before he established the Tai kingdom of the Ahom in Assam in 1229, raided

3087-408: The second level administrative subdivision of Thailand . Groups of amphoe or districts make up the provinces , and are analogous to counties . The chief district officer is Nai Amphoe ( นายอำเภอ ). Amphoe are divided into tambons , ( Thai : ตำบล ), or sub-districts. Altogether Thailand has 928 districts, including the 50 districts of Bangkok , which are called khet (เขต) since

3150-406: The smallest areas—Khet Samphanthawong is the smallest, with only 1.4 km —while the amphoe of the sparsely populated mountain regions are bigger than some provinces. Umphang ( Tak province ) at 4,325.4 km is the largest and also has the lowest population density. The average area of a district in Thailand is about 552.93 km (213.49 sq mi), while its average population of

3213-501: The state religion of Sukhothai; the accuracy of these claims by traditional historians is disputed. To the north, Ram Khamhaeng placed Phrae and Muang Sua (present-day Luang Prabang , Laos ), among other mandala city-states, under tribute . To the west, Ram Khamhaeng helped assist the Mon people under Wareru (who is said to have eloped with Ram Khamhaeng's daughter) in their rebellion against Pagan control, and Wareru would establish

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3276-568: The suzerainty of the Khmer Empire —when Central Thai people led by Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao, a local leader, revolted and gained their independence. Bang Klang Hao took the regnal name of Si Inthrathit and became the first monarch of the Phra Ruang dynasty . The kingdom was centralized and expanded to its greatest extent during the reign of Ram Khamhaeng the Great (1279–1298), who some historians considered to have introduced Theravada Buddhism and

3339-416: The term mueang in their name as well, even though they are not capital districts. All of these were created relatively recently, between 1973 and 1995. Minor districts ( king amphoe , กิ่งอำเภอ — กิ่ง literally 'branch') are set up when the administration of areas remote from the district center is inconvenient for citizens. Most of the tasks of the amphoe are transferred to the king amphoe , but it

3402-482: The throne. Chaloem Phra Kiat (เฉลิมพระเกียรติ) means 'in commemoration of' or 'in honour of' a royal family member. Each district is led by a district chief officer ( nai amphoe , นายอำเภอ), who is appointed by the Ministry of Interior . The officer is a subordinate of the provincial governor. The district which contains the administrative office of the province is the amphoe mueang (lit. town district ). The district

3465-461: The upper Mekong basin. Later in 500 CE, after the establishment of the Lavo Kingdom , a nobel from Lavo named Phalirat ( Thai : พาลีราช ) became the first Sukhothai governor. The following rulers after Phalirat remain unclear. It was expected that the city would be abandoned in the late 6th century due to the invasion of another Austroasiatic -speaking people from Umongasela ( อุโมงคเสลา ) in

3528-511: Was a transliteration of the Khmer spelling, rendered in English as Sukhodaya ( Khmer : សុខោទ័យ ). The Khmer term is itself derived from the Sanskrit sukha ( Sanskrit : सुख , 'lasting happiness') and udaya ( Sanskrit : उदय , 'rise' or 'emergence'). Together, the phrase can be interpreted as meaning "dawn of happiness". According to the legend, the city of Sukhothai was founded in 494 BCE followed by its twin city of Chaliang ( เชลียง ) after Tai-speaking people migrated southward from

3591-404: Was a minor district for 85 years until it was upgraded in 1988. Sometimes a district is downgraded to a minor district. Thung Wa lost a lot of its population to neighboring La-ngu minor district , so finally La-ngu was upgraded and Thung Wa downgraded. Another example is Chumphon Buri , which was reduced after the more developed part was split off to form a new district and the remaining district

3654-403: Was assisted by a local ally, Pho Khun Pha Mueang . This event was a turning point in the history of the Tai peoples, as Sukhothai would remain the center of Tai power until the end of the 14th century. Bang Klang Hao ruled Sukhothai under the regnal name Si Inthrathit and established the Phra Ruang dynasty . Under the rule of Si Inthrathit, the primordial kingdom expanded its influence to

3717-421: Was downgraded. The criteria required for an amphoe are a population of at least 30,000 people and at least five tambon , or, if the area is more than 25 km (16 mi) from the district office, a population of at least 15,000 and four tambon . A minor district is led by a chief officer ( Hua Na King Amphoe , หัวหน้ากิ่งอำเภอ). The Thai word king (กิ่ง) means 'branch' and should not be confused with

3780-458: Was removed from the name. The notable exception to this rule is Ayutthaya , where the capital district is named Amphoe Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (instead of Amphoe Mueang Ayutthaya ), the same as the province, which is fully named Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya . Also the capital districts of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon Provinces had the same name as the province, which they kept when the two provinces were merged to form Bangkok metropolis. In most cases

3843-477: Was renamed to Sukhothai in 1939. The inhabitants of Sukhothai still speak the Sukhothai dialect of Thai, a language that has been spoken since the formation of the Sukhothai Kingdom , some 700 years ago, among themselves. The Sukhothai dialect is distinct from Central Thai in both tone and vocabulary and is thought to be similar to proto-Tai in tone structure, an ancestor to the modern Thai language. The inhabitants of Si Satchanalai and Thung Saliam Districts in

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3906-399: Was succeeded by his brother Ram Khamhaeng the Great ; both expanded Sukhothai beyond the borders established by their father. To the south, Ram Khamhaeng subjugated the mandala kingdoms of Suvarnabhumi (likely present-day Suphan Buri ) and Tambralinga (present-day Nakhon Si Thammarat ). Through the acquisition of Tambralinga, Ram Khamhaeng is said to have adopted Theravada Buddhism as

3969-663: Was the sangkhalok ware . This was the only period in Thai history that Siam produced Chinese-style ceramics, and they fell out of use by the 14th century. By the beginning of the fourteenth century, Sukhothai controlled the Chao Phraya plain, with spurs West to the Hanthawaddy Kingdom and South to the Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom . After the death of Ram Khamhaeng, he was succeeded by his son Loe Thai . Tributary states of Sukhothai began to break away rapidly after

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